MANUAL 


OF 


AMERICAN   HISTORY,  DIPLOMACY, 
AND  GOVERNMENT 


MANUAL 


OF 


AMERICAN   HISTORY,   DIPLOMACY, 
AND    GOVERNMENT 

]for  Class  Ittee 


BY 

ALBERT    BUSHNELL    HART 

PROFESSOR    OF    HISTORY   AT    HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


OF   THE 

I   UNIVERSITY    ] 

OF 


CAMBRIDGE 

publisbefc  bp  fmn>arfc 

1908 


GENERAL 

/ 


COPYRIGHT,  1908 
BY   HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


PREFACE 


r  I  ^HIS  book  is  the  result  of  twenty-five  years'  experience 
as  a  teacher  of  American  History  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity;  and  embodies  methods  and  materials  for  several 
forms  of  individual  student  work,  as  required  in  courses  in 
American  history,  diplomacy,  and  government  in  that  in 
stitution.  The  book  is  founded  on  several  previous  publi 
cations  of  a  similar  kind,  issued  by  the  author  under  the 
titles  "Outlines,"  "Suggestions  for  Students/'  "Revised 
Suggestions,"  and  "Hand-Book";  but  the  material  has  been 
carefully  worked  over  for  the  present  volume,  especially  in 
view  of  a  change  in  the  narrative  course  in  United  States 
history,  by  which  it  includes  the  forty  years  since  the  Civil 
War.  The  references  for  the  group  readings,  lectures,  and 
class-room  papers  have  been  revised  and  enlarged  by  in 
cluding  the  numerous  books  that  have  appeared  during  the 
last  six  years;  and  they  have  been  verified  by  Mr.  J.  M. 
Plaisted,  2d,  for  several  years  assistant  in  the  Harvard 
course  in  United  States  history,  and  by  Mr.  Thomas  N. 
Hoover  of  the  Harvard  Graduate  School. 

Although  adapted  to  be  a  guide  and  aid  in  some  specific 
courses  conducted  by  the  author  in  Harvard  University,  it 
Is  hoped  that  the  arrangement  of  the  volume  will  make  it 


Vi  PREFACE 

serviceable  to  other  teachers  and  students  of  history.  In 
addition  to  three  detailed  courses  in  history,  diplomacy,  and 
government  which  would  extend  over  an  entire  college  year 
the  book  contains  three  lists  of  thirty  lectures,  each  adapted 
for  summer  schools  or  University  extension;  and  while  a 
lecturer  would  naturally  change  the  proportions  of  the 
courses,  leaving  out  some  subjects  and  introducing  others, 
the  parallel  and  lecture  readings  will  fit  a  variety  of  subjects, 
and  may  save  the  instructor  from  tedious  use  of  the  black 
board.  The  three  sets  of  "Class-Room  Papers"  are  not 
intended  to  cover  the  whole  area  in  any  subject;  they  are 
examples  of  specific  inquiries  which  illustrate  important 
subjects  in  one  or  another  field;  which  are  intended  to  give 
the  student  training  in  independent  and  sound  thinking 
upon  some  of  the  vital  topics  which  must  be  included  in 
any  systematic  course. 

Printing  the  bibliographical  apparatus  saves  the  time 
both  of  teacher  and  students,  and  much  of  that  material  is 
available  for  the  reader,  investigator,  debater,  or  thesis 
writer;  but  all  of  the  apparatus  and  lists  of  authorities  and 
materials  for  lectures,  all  the  suggestions  for  reading,  for 
written  work,  and  examination,  can  only  set  the  student 
on  the  road;  how  far  and  how  safely  and  how  swiftly  he 
goes,  must  depend  upon  his  own  abilities  and  resolution. 

ALBERT  BUSHNELL  HART. 

CAMBRIDGE, 
March  18,  1908. 


CONTENTS 


PART  I.      METHODS    AND    MATERIALS 

PAGE 

§  1.  The  three  Fields  —  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and  Government  .  1 

§  2.  Differentiation  of  the  Six  Courses 2 

§  3.  Students'  Work  in  each  of  the  Courses 3 

§.4.  Lecture  Notes 4 

§  5.  Use  of  Text-books 5 

§  6.  Parallel  Readings 5 

§  7.  Class-room  Written  Work 7 

§  8.  Library  Written  Work 9 

§  9.  Examinations 10 

§  10.  How  to  use  Books 12 

§  11.  Use  of  Bibliographical  Aids 12 

§  12.  Use  of  Secondary  Materials 14 

§  13.  Use  of  Sources. 15 

§  14.   Collections  of  Books 15 

§15.  Students'  Handbooks  in  United  States  History  (Course  A) 16 

§  16.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Brief  United  States  History  (Course  B)  17 

§  17.  Special  Collection  in  United  States  History  (Courses  A  and  B)  ..  18 

§  18.  Collections  of  Historical  Sources  (Courses  A  and  B) 25 

§  19.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Diplomatic  History  (Course  C) 33 

§  20.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Brief  Diplomatic  History  (Course  D)  .  34 

§  21 .  Special  Collection  in  American  Diplomacy  (Courses  C  and  D)  .  35 

§  22.  Students'  Handbooks  in  American  Government  (Course  E)  .  .  .  .  36 

§  23.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Brief  American  Government  (Course  F)  37 

§  24.  Special  Collection  in  Government  (Courses  E  and  F) 38 

PART  II.  LECTURES  AND  READINGS 

§  25.   Character  of  the  Lectures 40 

§  26.    Historical  Geography 40 

§  27.    Personality , 41 

§  28.    (1789-1907)  Ninety  Lectures  on  Constitutional  and  Political  History 

of  the  United  States  (Course  A) 43 

§  29.    (1607-1789)  Readings  on  Elements  of  United  States  History      .  44 
§  30.    (1607-1789)  Lectures  on  Elements  of  United  States  History. 

(Lects.  1-7) 44 


Viii  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§31.    (1789-1793)  Readings  on  Organization  of  the  Government  ...  47 
§  32.    (1789-1793)  Lectures  on  Organization  of  the  Government. 

(Lects.  8-16) 48 

§33.    (1793-1801)  Readings  on  Federalist  Supremacy    .    .  52 
§  34.    (1793-1801)   Lectures  on  Federalist   Supremacy.     (Lects. 

17-20) '  52 

§  35.    (1801-1815)  Readings  on  Foreign  Complications 54 

§  36.    (1801-1815)  Lectures    on    Foreign  Complications.    (Lects. 

21-26) 55 

§  37.    (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Growth  of  National  Sentiment     ...  58 
§  38.    (1815-1829)   Lectures  on  Growth  of  National  Sentiment. 

(Lects.  27-36)      59 

§  39.    (1829-1837)    Readings    on    Democratization    of    the    National 

Government 63 

§  40.    (1829-1837)  Lectures  on  Democratization  of  the  National 

Government.     (Lects.  37-45) 54 

§  41.    (1829-1842)   Readings  on  Elements  of  the  Slavery  'Question  68 
§  42.    (1829-1842)  Lectures  on  Elements  of  the  Slavery  Question. 

(Lects.  46-50) 68 

§  43.    (1841-1850)  Readings  on  Territory  and  Slavery 70 

§  44.    (1841-1850)   Lectures  on  Territory  and  Slavery.     (Lects. 

51-56) 71 

§  45.    (1850-1860)  Readings  on  the  Issue  Joined      74 

§46.    (1850-1860)  Lectures  on  the  Issue  Joined.     (Lects.  57-63)   .  74 

§47.    (1860-1861)  Readings  on  Coming  on  of  the  Civil  War      ....  77 
§  48.    (1860-1861)    Lectures   on   Coming   on  of   the   Civil  War. 

(Lects.  64-70) 78 

§  49.    (1861-1865)  Readings  on  the  Civil  War 82 

§50.    (1861-1865)  Lectures  on  the  Civil  War.     (Lects.  71-78)    .    .  82 
§  51.    (1865-1884)  Readings  on  Reconstruction  and  Reorganization     .  86 
§  52.    (1865-1884)  Lectures  on  Reconstruction  and  Reorganiza 
tion.     (Lects.  79-83) 86 

§  53.    (1885-1907)  Readings  on  American  Empire 89 

§  54.    (1885-1907)  Lectures  on  American  Empire.     (Lects.  84-90)  89 
55.    (1775-1903)  Thirty  Lectures  on  the  History  of  the  United  States. 

(Course  B) 93 

§  56.    (1775-1789)  Readings  on  Process  of  Union 93 

§  57.    (1775-1789)  Lectures  on  Process  of  Union.     (Lects.  1-8)    .  93 

§  58.    (1789-1829)  Readings  on  Strengthening  of  the  Union 97 

§  59.    (1789-1829)    Lectures    on    Strengthening  of  the  Union. 

(Lects.  9-15) 97 

§  60.    (1829-1865)  Readings  on  Danger  to  the  Union       101 


CONTENTS  ix 

PAQE 

§  61.    (1829-1865)   Lectures  on  Danger  to  the  Union.     (Lects. 

16-22) 101 

§  62.    (1865-1903)    Readings  on  National  Readjustment 104 

§  63.    (1865-1903)  Lectures  on  National  Readjustment.     (Lects. 

23-30) 104 

§  64.    Ninety  Lectures  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course  C) 108 

§  65.    (1492-1607)  Readings  on  European  Claims  to  America    ....      109 
§  66.    (1492-1607)    Lectures   on    European   Claims   to   America. 

(Lects.  1-5) 109 

§  67.    (1607-1689)  Readings  on  Rival  Colonial  Systems      Ill 

§  68.    (1607-1689)  Lectures  on  Rival  Colonial  Systems.     (Lects. 

6-9) HI 

§  69.    (1689-1775)  Readings  on  Struggle  for  Supremacy  in  America     .      113 
§  70.    (1689-1775)  Lectures  on  Struggle  for  Supremacy  in  Amer 
ica.     (Lects.  10-15) 113 

§  71.    (1775-1788)    Readings  on   Diplomacy  of  the   Revolution  and 

Confederation 116 

§  72.    (1775-1788)  Lectures  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution  and 

Confederation.     (Lects.  16-25) 117 

§  73.    (1789-1815)  Readings  on  Complications  of  the  Napoleonic  Wars     121 
§  74.    (1789-1815)  Lectures  on  Complications  of  the  Napoleonic 

Wars.     (Lects.  26-41) 121 

§  75.    (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Commerce  and  Boundaries  .....     128 
§76.    (1815-1829)  Lectures  on  Commerce  and  Boundaries.  (Lects. 

42-45) 128 

§  77.    (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Latin-American  Diplomacy  and  the 

Monroe  Doctrine 130 

§  78.  (1815-1829)  Lectures  on  Latin-American  Diplomacy  and  the 

Monroe  Doctrine.    (Lects.  46-50) 131 

§79.    (1829-1861)  Readings  on  Aggressive  Foreign  Policy 133 

§  80.    (1829-1861)     Lectures     on     Aggressive     Foreign     Policy. 

(Lects.  51-65) 134 

§  81.    (1861-1865)  Readings  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Civil  War      ....     140 
§  82.    (1861-1865)    Lectures    on    Diplomacy   of   the   Civil   War. 

(Lects.  66-71) 140 

§  83.    (1865-1890)  Readings  on  Period  of  Peaceful  Influence     ....     143 
§  84.  (1865-1890)    Lectures    on    Period    of    Peaceful    Influence. 

(Lects.  72-79)      143 

§  85.    (1890-1907)  Readings  on  United  States  as  a  World  Power      .    .     147 
§  86.    (1890-1907)  Lectures  on  United  States  as  a  World  Power. 

(Lects.  80-90) 148 

§  87.    (1775-1907)  Thirty  Lectures  on  American  Diplomacy  (Course  D) .    .      152 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§  88.  (1775-1815)  Readings  on  Basis  of  American  Diplomacy    ....  153 
§  89.  (1775-1815)    Lectures   on   Basis   of    American    Diplomacy. 

(Lects.  1-6) 153 

§  90.  (1815-1842)  Readings  on  Neutrality  and  Territorial  Diplomacy  156 
§  91.    (1815-1842)  Lectures  on  Neutrality  and  Territorial  Diplo 
macy.     (Lects.  7-14) 156 

§  92.    (1843-1865)    Readings   on   Diplomacy   of  Expansion   and   the 

Civil  War 160 

§  93.    (1843-1865)  Lectures  on  Diplomacy  of  Expansion  and  the 

Civil  War.     (Lects.  15-23) 160 

§  94.    (1866-1907)  Readings  on  America  as  a  World  Power 164 

§  95.  (1866-1907)  Lectures  on  America  as  a  World  Power.    (Lects. 

24-30)       164 

i.   Ninety  Lectures  on  American  Government  (Course  E) 168 

§  97.   Readings  on  the  Fundamentals  of  American  Government   .    .    .  168 
§  98.    Lectures  on  the  Fundamentals  of  American  Government. 

(Lects.  1-7) 169 

§  99.   Readings  on  Membership  in  the  Community:    Privileges  and 

Obligations 172 

§  100.   Lectures  on  Membership  in  the  Community:  Privileges  and 

Obligations.     (Lects.  8-14) 173 

§  101.    Readings  on  Written  Constitutions 176 

§  102.    Lectures  on  Written  Constitutions.    (Lects.  15-18)     ...  176 

§  103.    Readings  on  Machinery  of  Popular  Government      178 

§  104.    Lectures  on  Machinery  of  Popular  Government.     (Lects. 

19-24) 179 

§  105.    Readings  on  the  Government  of  the  Commonwealths     ....  181 
§  106.    Lectures    on   the    Government    of    the    Commonwealths. 

(Lects.  25-30) 182 

§  107.    Readings  on  Local  and  Municipal  Government 184 

§  108.    Lectures  on  Local  and    Municipal  Government.     (Lects. 

31-40) 185 

§  109.    Readings  on  the  National  Executive      189 

§  110.   Lectures  on  the  National  Executive.     (Lects.  41-45)  .    .  189 

§  111.    Readings  on  Congress 191 

§  112.   Lectures  on  Congress.     (Lects.  46-53) 192 

§  113.    Readings  on  the  National  Judiciary 194 

§  114.    Lectures  on  the  National  Judiciary.     (Lects.  54-57)  .    .    .  195 

§  115.    Readings  on  Territorial  Functions  in  the  United  States.    .    .    .  196 

§  116.    Lectures  on  Territorial  Functions.    (Lects.  58-62)    .    .    .  197 

§  117.   Readings  on  Financial  Functions 199 

§118.   Lectures  on  Financial   Functions.    (Lects.  63-68),    .    .    .  200 


CONTENTS  xi 

PAGE 

§  119.   Readings  on  Commercial  Functions 202 

§  120.   Lectures  on  Commercial  Functions.     (Lects.  69-78)     .    .  203 

§  121.   Readings  on  Foreign  and  Military  Functions 208 

§  122.    Lectures    on    Foreign    and    Military    Functions.     (Lects. 

79-85) 208 

§123.   Readings  on  General  Welfare  and  Police  Powers 211 

§  124.   Lectures  on  General  Welfare  and  Police  Powers.     (Lects. 

86-90) 211 

§125.    Thirty  Lectures  on  American  Government  (Course  F) 213 

§  126.    Readings  on  Political  Ideals  and  Organizations 213 

§  127.   Lectures  on  Political  Ideals  and  Organizations.     (Lects. 

1-8) 214 

§  128.    Readings  on  State,  Local,  and  Municipal  Government   ....  216 
§  129.   Lectures   on   State,    Local,    and/  Municipal  Government. 

(Lects.  9-12) /. 217 

§  130.  Readings  on  the  Federal  Government 218 

§  131.    Lectures  on  the  Federal  Government.     (Lects.  13-18)   .    .  219 

§  132.   Readings  on  the  Functions  of  Government 221 

§  133.   Lectures  on  the  Functions  of  Government.     (Lects.  19-30)  221 

PART  III.      CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS 

§  134.   Thirty  Class-room  Papers  in  United  States  History  (Course  A)    .    .  226 

§135.    No.  1.    Use  of  Constitutional  Authorities 226 

§  136.   No.  2.   Theories  of  the  Basis  of  the  Federal  Constitution  ...  227 

§  137.   No.  3.    Doctrine  of  Separation  of  Powers 229 

§  138.   No.  4.   Implied  Powers  and  the  General  Welfare 232 

§  139.   No.  5.    Development  of  Parties 235 

§140.   No.  6.    Maintenance  of  Public  Order 235 

§  141.   No.  7.   Doctrine  of  Interposition 238 

§  142.   No.  8.   Jeffersonian  Democracy 239 

§  143.   No.  9.   Internal  Improvements 241 

§  144.   No.  10.   Impairment  of  Contracts 243 

§  145.   No.  11.   Application  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 246 

§146.   No.  12.   State  Authority  over  Local  and  Municipal  Governments  248 

§  147.   No.  13.   Jacksonian  Democracy 250 

§  148.   No.  14.   Political  and  Constitutional  Issues  of  Protection  .    .    .  252 

§  149.   No.  15.    Doctrine  of  Nullification 254 

§  150.   No.  16.   Arguments  for  and  against  Slavery 256 

§  151.   No.  17.   Governmental  Powers  of  the  States 258 

§  152.   No.  18.   Ethics  of  the  Mexican  War 260 

§  153.   No   19.   Control  of  Acquired  Territory 261 


xii  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

§  154.   No.  20.    Popular  Sovereignty  and   Organized  Territory    .    .    .  263 

§  155.    No.  21.    Principles  of  Citizenship  and  Rights  of  Non-Citizens    .  266 

§  156.    No.  22.    Doctrine  of  Secession 268 

§  157.   No.  23.    Responsibility  for  the  Civil  War 270 

§  158.   No.  24.    Lincoln's  Democracy 272 

§  159.    No.  25.    Military  Powers  of  the  President 274 

§  160.    No.  26.    Constitutional  Principles  of  Reconstruction 276 

§  161.    No.  27.    Regulation  of  Commerce 278 

§  162.   No.  28.   Federal  Control  over  Corporations 281 

§  163.    No.  29.    Dependencies 283 

§  164.   No.  30.   Administrative  Responsibility      285 

§  165.   Six  Class-room  Papers  in  Brief  United  States  History  (Course  B)     .  287 

§  166.    Tkirty  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course  C)  .    .    .  288 

§167.    No.    1.    Principles  of  European  Claims  to  wild  Territory       .    .  288 

§  168.    No.    2.    Theory  of  Indian  Land-holding 289 

§  169.   No.    3.   Execution  of  the  British  Acts  of  Trade 290 

§  170.    No.    4.    Rule  of  1756 292 

§  171.    No.    5.    Basis  of  English  Claims  to  America 293 

§  172.   No.    6.   Execution  of  the  Spanish  Colonial  Policy 294 

§  173.    No.    7.    Territorial    Policy,  during   the    Revolution  and   Con 
federation  295 

§174.    No.    8.    Breaking  the  Instructions  of  Congress  at  Paris     ...  296 

§  175.    No.    9.    Policy  of  American  Isolation 297 

§  176.    No.  10.   Was  France  entitled  to  complain  of  the  Jay  Treats'-?  •  298 

§  177.    No.  11.    Allegiance  and  Impressment 299 

§  178.    No.  12.    Status  of  Territory  Annexed  but  not  yet  Organized     .  300 
§  179.   No.  13.   Were  the  Orders  in  Council  and  Decrees  Contrary  to 

International  Law? 303 

§  180.    No.  14.    Northeastern  Fishery  Rights 304 

§  181.   No.  15.    Navigation  of  the  Mississippi  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers  306 

§  182.    No.  16.    Doctrine  of  the  Recognition  of  new  States 307 

§  183.    No.  17.   Extent  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 308 

§  184.   No.  18.    Responsibility  of  a  Government  for  not  carrying  out 

a  Treaty 310 

§  185.    No.  19.    Government  of  Military  Conquests  previous  to  Cession  312 

§  186.    No.  20.    The  Mosquito  Question 313 

§  187.    No.  21.    Application  of  Personal  Status  in  a  Foreign  Country  .  314 

§  188.    No.  22.    Effect  of  Lincoln's  Blockade  Proclamations 316 

§189.    No.  23.    Doctrine  of  Continuous  Voyages      317 

§  190.    No.  24.   Consequential  Damages 319 

§  191.    No.  25.    Responsibility  for  Filibusters 320 

§  192.   No.  26.    Right  of  Expatriation 321 


CONTENTS  xiii 

PAGE 

§  193.   No.  27.   Control  of  Seal  Catching 323 

§  194.   No.  28.   Protectorate  of  Cuba 324 

§  195.   No.  29.   Policy  of  the  Open  Door 326 

§  196.   No.  30.   Questions  of  the  Isthmus  Canal 326 

§  197.   Six  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course  D)    .    .    .    .  328 

§  198.   Thirty  Class-room  Papers  on  American  Government  (Course  E)  .    .  329 

§  199.    No.    1.   Theory  of  the  Social  Compact 330 

§  200.   No.    2.    Theories  of  the  Two  Spheres  and  of  the  Unity  of 

American  Government 331 

§  201 .   No.     3.   Status  of  Citizens  other  than  Native  Born 332 

§  202.   No.     4.    Theory  of  Religious  Liberty 333 

§  203.   No.     5.    Limitations  on  Constitutional  Conventions 335 

§  204.   No.     6.    Limiting  the  Suffrage 336 

§  205.   No.     7.    Efficacy  of  the  Referendum 338 

§  206.   No.    8.   Popular  Nomination  Machinery 339 

§  207.    No.    9.   How  to  Secure  Good  State  and  Local  Legislation     .    .  340 

§  208.   No.  10.   Efficiency  of  Executive  Boards 342 

§  209.   No.  11.   Improvement  of  County  Government 342 

§210.   No.  12.   Improvement  of  City  Charters 343 

§  211.   No.  13.    Responsible  Mayoralty 344 

§  212.   No.  14.    Development  of  the  Cabinet 345 

§  213.   No.  15.    Needs  of  Civil  Service  Reform      347 

§  214.   No.  16.    Defects  of  the  Committee  System 348 

§  215.   No.  17.   Influences  on  the  Legislation  of  Congress 349 

§  216.   No.  18.   Administrative  Decisions 350 

§  217.   No.  19.   Principle  of  Declaring  Acts  Void 351 

§218.   No.  20a.   Status  of  Territory  Conquered  but  not  Ceded.    .    .    .  354 

§  219.   No.  206.   Status  of  Territory  Ceded  but  not  Organized  ....  356 

§  220.   No.  21.   Difficulties  in  Assessing  Personal  Taxes 358 

§  221.   No.  22.   Difficulties  of  Tariff  Administration 359 

§  222.   No.  23.   Federal  Control  of  Corporations 360 

§  223.   No.  24.   Public  Canals 361 

§  224.   No.  25.   City  Ownership  of  Traction  Lines 362 

§  225.   No.  26.    Limitation  of  Immigration 364 

§  226.   No.  27.   Status  of  Consuls 365 

§  227.   No.  28.   The  Pension  System 366 

§  228.   No.  29.    Regulation  of  Liquor  Traffic 367 

§  229.   No.  30.    Injunctions  against  Rioters 368 

§  230.   Six  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Government  (Course  F) .    .    .    .  370 


xiv  CONTENTS 

PART  IV.     LIBRARY  REPORTS 

PAOE 

§  231.   Purpose  of  the  Library  Reports 371 

§  232.    Preparation  of  Library  Reports 371 

§  233.    Desirable  Form  for  the  Library  Reports 373 

§  234.   Materials  for  Historical  and  Constitutional  Reports  (Courses  A 

and  B) 374 

§  235.    Special  Materials  for  Bibliographical  Library  Reports 375 

§  236.    Alphabetical  List  of  Public  Men 377 

§  237.    List  of  Public  Men  arranged  by  States  and  Countries     ....  386 

§  238.    Methods  of  Constitutional  Library  Reports 391 

§  239.   Materials  for  Constitutional  Library  Reports 392 

§  240.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  Genesis  and  Nature  of  the  Union  393 

§  241.   Constitutional  Reports  on  Membership  in  the  Community     .    .  396 

§  242.   Constitutional  Reports  on  The  Electoral  System 401 

§  243.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  Status  of  the  States 402 

§  244.    Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Legislative 404 

§  245.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Executive 409 

§  246.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Judiciary 413 

§  247.    Constitutional  Reports  on  Territorial  Functions 416 

§  248.    Constitutional  Reports  on  Financial  Questions 423 

§  249.    Constitutional  Reports  on  Commercial  Questions 429 

§  250.   Constitutional  Reports  on  War  Powers 437 

§  251.   Constitutional  Reports  on  Foreign  Relations 439 

§  252.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  General  Welfare 440 

§  253.    Methods  of  Library  Reports  on  Slavery 446 

§  254.    Materials  for  Library  Reports  on  Slavery 447 

§  255.    Reports  on  the  Genesis  of  Slavery  in  America ,  448 

§  256.    Reports  on  the  Master  Race 450 

§  257.    Reports  on  Free  Negroes 451 

§  258.    Reports  on  Property  in  Slaves 454 

§  259.    Reports  on  Slave  Life 457 

§  260.    Reports  on  Control  of  Slaves 460 

§  261.    Reports  on  Fugitive  Slaves 463 

§  262.    Reports  on  the  National  Status  of  Slavery 466 

§263.    Reports  on  the  Interstate  Status  of  Slavery 469 

§  264.    Reports  on  the  International  Status  of  Slavery 470 

§  265.    Reports  on  Arguments  for  and  against  Slavery 472 

§  266.    Reports  on  Effects  of  Slavery      474 

§  267.    Reports  on  Public  Emancipation  of  Slaves 476 

§  268.    Reports  on  Abolition  and  Abolitionists 479 

§  269.    Reports  on  Contemporary  Judgment  of  Abolition 483 


CONTENTS  xv 

PAGE 

270.   Methods   of   Library  Reports  in   American   Diplomacy  (Courses  C 

andD)      485 

§  271.    Materials  for  Library  Reports  in  American  Diplomacy  ....  486 

§  272.    (1492-1689)  Reports  on  Discovery  and  Title  to  Territory      .    .  487 

§  273.    (1689-1775)  Reports  on  Trade  and  Sea-faring 487 

§274.    (1775-1783)  Reports  on  Revolutionary  Diplomacy 488 

§  275.    (1783-1788)  Reports  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Confederation  ...  489 

§  276.    (1789-1801)  Reports  on  the  First  Napoleonic  Period      ....  490 

§  277.    (1801-1815)  Reports  on  the  Second  Napoleonic  Period  ....  491 
§  278.    (1815-1829)  Reports    on    the    Period    of    Spanish    American 

Diplomacy 492 

§  279.    (1829-1861)  Reports  on  Ante-Bellum  Diplomacy 493 

§  280.    (1861-1865)  Reports  on  the  Diplomacy  of  the  Civil  War   ...  494 

§  281.    (1866-1895)  Reports  on  Post-Bellum  Diplomacy 495 

§  282.    (1895-1907)  Reports  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Spanish  War  and 

the  Orient 495 

283.    Methods  of  Library  Reports  in  Government  (Courses  E  and  F)  .    .  496 

§  284.    Materials  for  Library  Reports  in  Government 496 

§  285.    Reports  on  Criticisms  of  American  Government  ......  497 

§  286.    Reports  on  Citizenship  and  Fundamental  Rights     .    .  498 

§287.    Reports  on  Constitution  Making 500 

§  288.    Reports  on  Political  Methods -  501 

§  289.    Reports  on  State  Government 505 

§  290.    Reports  on  Local  Government 509 

§  291.    Reports  on  the  National  Legislative 513 

§  292.    Reports  on  the  National  Executive 516 

§  293.    Reports  on  the  National  Judiciary 518 

§  294.    Reports  on  Territorial  Functions 520 

§  295.    Reports  on  Financial  Functions  .    .                 525 

§  296.    Reports  on  Commercial  Functions      528 

§  297.    Reports  on  Foreign  Relations      533 

§  298.    Reports  on  War  Powers 534 

§  299.    Reports  on  General  Welfare 537 


xvi  CONTENTS 

PART  V.      EXAMINATIONS 

PAGE 

§  300.   Purposes  of  Examinations 541 

§  301.   Specimen  Mid- Year  Paper  in  United  States  History  (Course  A)  541 
§  302.   Specimen  Mid- Year  Paper  (longer)  in  United  States  History 

1787-1837  (Course  A) 542 

§  303.    Specimen  Final  Paper  in  United  States  History  (Course  A)  .  .      542 

§  304.   Specimen  Paper  in  Brief  United  States  History  (Course  B)  .  .     546 

§  305.   Specimen  Mid- Year  Paper  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course  C)      .  547 

§  306.   Specimen  Final  Paper  in  Diplomatic  History  (Course  C)  548 

§  307.   Specimen  Paper  in  Brief  Diplomatic  History  (Course  D)  549 

§  308.   Specimen  Mid-Year  Paper  in  American  Government  (Course  E)  .  550 

§  309.    Specimen  Final  Paper  in  American  Government  (Course  E)  552 

§  310.   Specimen  Paper  in  Brief  American  Government  (Course  F)  .  554 


UNIVERSITY 

OF 


MANUAL 


OF 

AMERICAN    HISTORY,    DIPLOMACY 
AND    GOVERNMENT 

PART  I 
METHODS  AND   MATERIALS 

§  1.  The  Three  Fields  —  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and 
Government. 

The  six  courses  for  which  this  volume  is  intended  to  be 
an  outline  and  a  guide  are  divided  into  three  groups,  of 
which  the  first  two  (Courses  A,  B,  C,  D)  cover  in  narra 
tive  form  the  development  of  American  diplomatic  history 
throughout,  and  of  American  political  history  since  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution.  For  this  purpose  it  is  nec 
essary  to  dwell  upon  the  succession  of  events,  and  the 
relations  of  one  period  to  another;  and  the  present  condi 
tion  of  American  government  is  referred  to  only  by  way 
of  illustration  and  comparison.  In  the  courses  on  American 
government  (E  and  F),  on  the  other  hand,  the  attempt  is 
made  to  show  what  the  institutions  of  the  United  States 
now  are;  and  narrative  history  is  brought  in  only  to  throw 
light  upon  present  conditions.  The  historical  courses  in 
clude  the  personal  element,  the  interplay  of  parties,  and 
the  rise  and  disappearance  of  political  and  international 
questions;  the  government  courses  deal  with  the  present 
practice  of  government  and  do  not  include  questions  of 
motive,  for  persons  are  in  general  treated  only  as  illustra 
ting  variations  in  practice.  In  the  first  group  judgment 
may  be  passed  on  questions  long  since  obsolete;  in  the 


2  METHODS   AND  MATERIALS  C&  I 

second  group,  the  constant  inquiry  is,  How  is  government 
now  administered,  and  how  may  it  be  improved? 

§  2.   Differentiation  of  the  Six  Courses. 

COURSE  A.  The  general  narrative  course  aims  to  de 
scribe  the  conditions  under  which  the  nation  of  the  United 
States  has  developed  into  its  present  form;  and  the  causes, 
motives,  and  standards  which  have  directed  the  political 
policy  of  the  country.  At  the  same  time,  students  are 
expected  to  learn  some  of  the  methods  of  ascertaining  his 
torical  truth,  and  to  acquire  the  habit  of  reasoning  on 
political  and  constitutional  questions,  so  that  they  may 
apply  the  groundwork  of  the  course  to  current  events 
and  future  questions.  The  lectures  begin  at  the  going  into 
effect  of  the  Federal  Constitution  in  1789,  and  come  down 
through  the  Spanish  war  of  1898.  See  List  of  Lectures  in 
Manual,  §§  28-54. 

COURSE  B,  a  brief  narrative  course,  extends  from  the 
end  of  the  Revolution  to  1907.  See  List  of  Lectures, 
Manual,  §§  55-63. 

COURSE  C,  on  American  diplomatic  history,  covers  the 
whole  field  from  the  discovery  of  America  to  the  present 
time.  It  includes  negotiations  and  treaties  between  Euro 
pean  powers  relative  to  America,  the  diplomacy  of  the 
Revolution  and  Confederation,  and  of  the  United  States 
under  the  Federal  Constitution  down  to  the  present  day. 
It  presupposes  some  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  inter 
national  law.  The  course  includes  not  only  the  history  of 
negotiations  and  treaties,  but  the  gradual  growth  of  the 
principles  of  international  law  which  have  been  invoked  in 
various  controversies.  The  main  topics  to  be  taken  up  are 
set  forth  in  the  List  of  Lectures,  Manual,  §§  64-86. 

COURSE  D,  a  briefer  course  in  the  diplomatic  history  of 
the  United  States,  extends  from  1775  to  1907.  See  List  of 
Lectures,  Manual,  §  §  87-95. 


§  3]  COURSES  3 

COURSE  E  is  an  advanced  course,  open  only  to  those 
who  have  already  a  knowledge  of  the  annals  of  American 
history  and  a  considerable  training  in  history  and  govern 
ment.  It  is  intended  to  discuss  the  practical  workings  of 
the  American  system  of  government  as  it  now  exists, 
with  constant  reference,  however,  to  the  historical  growth 
of  the  institutions  described;  hence  the  course  goes  beyond 
the  text  of  constitutions  and  statutes,  and  seeks  to  describe 
the  actual  practice  of  officials,  legislative  bodies,  and  politi 
cal  parties  and  organizations.  For  the  subjects  to  be  dis 
cussed  see  List  of  Lectures,  Manual,  §§  96-124. 

COURSE  F,  a  briefer  course  in  government,  deals  also 
with  the  principles  of  American  government  in  practice. 
;See  List  of  Lectures,  Manual,  §§  125-133. 

§  3.  Students'  Work  in  each  of  the  Courses. 

Neither  the  courses  in  United  States  political  history  nor 
in  diplomatic  history  are  supposed  to  be  a  complete  survey 
of  the  whole  field.  The  object  of  the  instruction  is  not  so 
much  to  furnish  a  body  of  information  as  to  train  students 
to  apply  what  they  learn,  and  to  compare  that  knowledge 
with  the  new  ideas  which  come  to  them.  Since  they  are 
meant  to  be  training  courses  rather  than  information  courses, 
neither  of  them  forms  a  complete  chronological  sequence; 
they  suggest  the  essential  elements  of  American  history  and 
diplomacy,  and  discuss  the  things  which  have  really  made 
a  difference  in  the  development  of  the  country.  The  in 
structor  in  his  lectures  should  suggest  proportions  and 
arrangements  of  facts,  and  show  the  connection  of  events 
with  each  other;  he  should  lay  stress  upon  historical  geog 
raphy,  especially  the  territorial  growth  of  the  country. 
Details  are  to  be  filled  in  by  the  student  from  his 
parallel  reading.  Since  listening  to  lectures  and  reading 
both  tend  to  become  mechanical,  the  "  library  reports"  are 
intended  to  give  practice  in  the  use  of  materials  and  in  the 


4  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  3 

application  to  constitutional  or  international  questions  of 
principles  already  learned.  A  special  weekly  exercise,  the 
so-called  "class-room  papers/'  is  also  introduced,  to  train 
the  reasoning  powers  upon  the  questions  discussed.  Finally, 
examinations  are  intended  to  test  the  judgment  and  the 
sense  of  proportion  on  the  part  of  the  student.  Students  in 
either  of  the  six  courses  will  therefore  be  expected  to 
show  proficiency  in  each  of  the  following  fields,  more 
detailed  accounts  of  which  will  be  found  below: 

(1)  The  facts  and  principles  set  forth  in  the  lectures  and 
recorded  in  note-books,  including  the  historical  geography 
of  the  United  States;  the  results  to  be  tested  in  the  "  class 
room   papers "    and   by   the   examinations.      See  Manual, 
§§25-96. 

(2)  Facts  and  principles  derived  from  reading,  in  many 
cases  on  topics  not  discussed  in  detail  in  the  lectures;  results 
also  tested  by  the  examinations.     See  Manual,  §  6. 

(3)  Ability  to  reason  on  brief  unfamiliar  questions  within 
recognized  fields,  as  shown  by  the  "  class-room  papers."     See 
Manual,  §§  135-229. 

(4)  Such  knowledge  of  sources,  and  ability  to  combine 
facts  derived  from  them  into  a  statement  useful  for  other 
people,   as  may  be  shown  in  the  "  library  reports."     See 
Manual,  §§238-299. 

(5)  An  ability  to  retain  and  to  apply  the  principles  gained 
from  the  work  of  the  course,  including  the  parallel  reading, 
as  tested  in  examinations.     See  Manual,  §  §  300-308. 

The  degree  of  detail,  and  the  relation  of  the  written  work 
to  the  lectures,  is  shown  for  each  course  in  the  respective 
Lists  of  Lectures,  Manual,  §§  28-133. 

§  4.  Lecture  Notes. 

Every  student  will  find  it  to  his  advantage  to  take  care 
ful  notes  on  the  lectures,  and  also  on  the  main  authorities 
that  he  reads.  The  practice  trains  the  mind  to  condense 


§  6]  STUDENTS'   WORK  5 

and  to  grasp  materials;  and  the  note-book  should  cement 
the  parts  of  the  course  together,  and  should  receive  addi 
tions  from  the  reading.  Methods  and  results  in  note-taking 
are  considered  in  Channing  and  Hart,  Guide,  §§  62,  63. 
Students  are  advised  to  summarize  their  notes  by  headings 
and  marginal  catchwords,  for  the  practice  is  very  helpful 
for  fixing  principles  in  the  mind.  Methods  of  note-taking 
on  loose  half-sheets,  each  of  which  sums  up  the  lecturer's 
remarks  on  a  topic,  are  convenient,  and  lend  themselves 
readily  to  additions  and  later  use. 

§  5.  Use  of  Text-books. 

Every  systematic  course  in  history  and  kindred  subjects 
needs  to  be  backed  up  by  a  brief  general  book  or  set  of 
books,  intended  to  give  to  the  student  a  connected  view  of 
the  whole  subject,  and  to  furnish  an  essential  body  of  facts. 
Students  are  expected  to  own  these  books  (lists  of  which 
for  each  of  the  six  courses  will  be  found  in  the  Manual, 
§  15),  or  to  have  constant  access  to  them.  The  method  is 
to  read  them  all  carefully  in  the  first  days  of  the  course,  at 
least  for  the  first  half  of  the  field  to  be  covered;  and  then 
to  let  go  of  them,  expecting  to  fill  in  the  detail  from  the 
lectures  and  parallel  readings. 

§  6.   Parallel  Readings. 

In  all  the  courses  it  is  assumed  that  the  student  is  doing 
regular  and  systematic  reading;  no  one  can  expect  in  any 
other  way  to  follow  the  lectures,  to  profit  by  the  courses,  or 
to  pass  the  examinations.  The  careful  reading  of  the  text 
books  (Manual,  §  15)  is  obligatory;  and  considerable  parts 
of  the  essential  reference  books  (Manual,  §§  15-24)  will 
also  be  necessary.  Beyond,  there  is  no  requirement  as  to 
the  manner  in  which  the  reading  shall  be  done,  and  either 
of  three  ways  will  be  acceptable:  (1)  The  student  may 
choose  books  at  his  discretion  and  read  them  according  to 


6  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  6 

his  judgment;  (2)  he  may  choose  groups  out  of  the  "gen 
eral  readings"  given  in  the  Guide,  §  56,  and  elsewhere; 
(3)  if  he  desire  to  keep  more  closely  within  the  limits  of 
the  course,  he  may  read  one  or  more  references  under  each 
topic  as  it  is  taken  up  in  the  lectures. 

Prescribed  readings  lack  the  intellectual  stimulus  of 
search  in  books  to  find  passages  useful  for  immediate  pur 
poses.  Such  reading  must,  therefore,  be  supplemented  by 
other  parts  of  the  work  which  shall  give  distinct  training 
in  the  selection  of  material,  especially  the  weekly  papers 
and  the  special  reports.  Many  students  have  the  com 
mendable  habit  of  keeping  ahead  of  the  lectures  with  their 
reading,  so  that  they  may  have  a  basis  of  fact  upon  which 
to  apply  the  lectures  as  they  are  delivered.  But  for  the 
student  who  desires  to  keep  a  complete  and  consecutive 
abstract  of  his  work  it  will  probably  be  found  most  con 
venient  to  take  notes  on  the  lectures  in  a  systematic  form, 
leaving  space  to  be  filled  in  with  abstracts  from  later  collat 
eral  reading. 

The  system  of  reading  recommended  by  the  instructor  in 
all  of  the  courses  is  a  combination  of  the  three  methods 
described  below:  (1)  A  few  brief  books  should  be  read 
entire,  —  the  text-books;  some  of  the  most  pertinent  sec 
ondary  works,  such  as  The  American  Nation  in  Course  A, 
or  Fairlie's  National  Administration,  in  Course  D;  and  the 
most  accessible  sources,  such  as  the  Contemporaries  in  Course 
A.  (2)  Then  the  general  readings  may  be  used.  (3)  The 
student  may  go  to  special  lecture  references  for  important 
and  difficult  points. 

(1)  CONSECUTIVE  READINGS.  —  For  students  who  are 
willing  to  give  unusual  time  to  a  course,  perhaps  the  best 
method  of  reading  is  simply  to  follow  out  the  standard 
books  which  most  interest  them,  including  contemporary 
narratives,  reading  one  after  another,  and  comparing  them 
with  each  other  and  with  the  lectures.  The  books  recom- 


§  7]  READINGS  7 

mended  in  the  special  collections  (Manual,  §§  17,  21,  24) 
are  the  best  for  such  a  principle.  In  using  this  method, 
which  will  be  most  useful  in  American  government,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  topics  upon  which  the 
student  finds  himself  most  uncertain  or  ignorant  when 
they  are  touched  upon  in  the  lectures. 

(2)  GENERAL   READINGS.  —  The    difficulty   of   providing 
enough  copies  of  particular  books  for  the  use  of  consider 
able   bodies   of  students   is  such   that   most   students   will 
probably  resort  to  the   "  General   Readings"    arranged   in 
the  Manual  by  periods,  in  groups  of  associated  books. 

For  all  the  courses,  therefore,  special  provision  has  been 
made  for  this  kind  of  work  by  a  series  of  group  readings  in 
the  List  of  Lectures  (Manual,  §§  97-124).  The  books  are 
arranged  roughly  in  the  order  of  their  serviceability;  but  no 
book  is  mentioned  which  would  not  be  suitable  as  a  back 
ground  for  that  group  of  lectures.  The  system  is  adapted 
to  the  special  collections  (Manual,  §§  17,  18,  21,  24). 

(3)  TOPICAL  READINGS.  —  Many  students  prefer  to  read 
specific  references  on  the  topics  which  come  up  in  the  lec 
tures.     To  this  end  will  be  found  arranged  in  the  six  Lists 
of  Lectures  (Manual,  §§  28-133)  the  topics   which  will  be 
taken    up    in    the    lectures    (compare    Guide,    §§144-214). 
An  excellent  way  of  following  the  course  is,  after  each  lec 
ture,  to  read  up  one  or  more  of  the  references  loosely  arranged 
in  the  order  of  preference  under  which  each  topic  has  been 
discussed.     A  particular  advantage  of  the  system  is    that 
it  introduces  the  student  to  a  large  number  of  books. 

§  7.   Class-room  Written  Work. 

The  class-room  papers  are  brief  written  answers  to  ques 
tions  put  upon  the  board,  the  exercise  to  come  in  the  last 
fifteen  minutes  of  the  lecture  hour,  or  after  the  regular 
lecture.  Along  with  the  list  of  lectures  intended  respec 
tively  for  Course  A  (Manual,  §  28),  for  Course  C  (Manual, 


8  METHODS   AND  MATERIALS  [§  7 

§  64),  and  for  Course  E  (Manual,  §  96),  will  be  found  printed 
a  set  of  general  subjects  connected  with  those  lectures. 
Upon  these  subjects  students  are  expected  to  prepare  them 
selves  beforehand,  so  as  to  form  and  express,  in  writing, 
an  opinion  with  reference  to  some  specific  question  which 
may  arise  under  the  general  subject.  Thus,  under  the  sub 
ject  of  the  methods  of  annexing  territory  to  the  United 
States,  the  paper  might  ask  for  a  discussion  of  the  question 
whether  Cuba  could  be  annexed  by  joint  resolution  without 
the  consent  of  the  Cuban  government;  under  the  general 
question  of  the  Jay  treaty  might  fairly  come  a  question 
whether  Jay  could  have  got  a  better  treaty;  under  the  gen 
eral  subject  of  implied  powers  might  be  asked  the  question 
whether  the  United  States  could  constitutionally  charter  a 
government  university. 

The  purpose  of  the  system  is,  therefore,  to  train  students 
in  applying  what  they  have  already  learned  to  the  forma 
tion  of  a  judgment  on  a  specific  question  which  they  have 
never  before  considered.  This  is  believed  to  be  one  of  the 
most  important  parts  of  the  courses. 

The  general  subjects  under  which  questions  are  to  be  set 
in  each  course  are  enumerated  in  Manual,  §§  135-229;  and 
under  each  will  be  found  some  specimen  questions,  to  show 
the  scope  and  extent  of  the  work. 

All  the  papers  will  be  written  on  uniform  blanks,  fur 
nished  to  the  classes;  read,  and  corrected  by  a  competent 
assistant;  and  returned  to  the  writer  with  written  criticisms. 
The  returned  papers  will  be  found  in  the  alphabetical  boxes, 
commonly  at  the  second  exercise  after  they  are  written. 
Stated  conference  hours  will  be  held,  at  which  students 
may  discuss  their  paper  work. 

Since  the  weekly  papers  are  the  part  of  the  course  which 
calls  for  most  individual  thought  and  judgment,  students 
are  usually  interested  to  come  to  them  with  suitable  prepar 
ation.  Two  things  are  necessary  in  order  to  write  a  good 


§8]  WRITTEN   WORK 

paper:  the  student  must  carry  in  his  mind  the  general  p  in- 
ciples  which  he  has  acquired  up  to  that  point  of  the  course; 
and  he  must  have  read  and  thought  intelligently  on  the 
subject  under  which  the  question  is  to  be  asked.  For  the 
latter  purpose,  a  special  set  of  references  is  provided  on 
thirty  general  subjects  in  each  of  the  three  full  courses 
(Manual,  §§  135-229). 

Particular  stress  is  laid  upon  the  "sources/7  and  especi 
ally  the  "  cases."  The  use  of  such  material  is  excellent 
preliminary  practice  in  the  work  of  the  lawyer,  legislator, 
and  publicist;  and  the  judgments  formed  upon  sources  are 
likely  to  be  more  original  and  pertinent.  The  reading  done 
by  way  of  preparation  for  the  weekly  papers  will  be  found  a 
valuable  part  of  the  general  preparation  for  the  courses. 

§  8.   Library  Written  Work. 

In  courses  in  which  there  is  a  great  demand  upon  the 
libraries,  it  is  not  feasible  to  require  all  students  to  delve 
for  themselves  in  a  large  collection  of  primary  books,  as  a 
preparation  for  the  lectures.  This  necessary  part  of  the 
historical  training  is,  therefore,  to  be  sought  in  the  library 
reports.  In  preparing  them,  students  are  expected  to  find 
out  for  themselves  things  not  stated  in  any  of  the  general 
authorities.  The  system  will  introduce  them  to  serviceable 
writers;  it  will  make  them  familiar  with  the  sources  of  in 
formation  on  American  history;  it  is  intended  to  develop 
their  powers  of  analysis  and  statement,  and  to  interest  them 
in  the  unsettled  questions  of  our  history. 

To  each  student  will  therefore  be  assigned  a  very  limited 
special  topic,  not  given  to  any  other  student  in  the  course, 
on  which  he  is  expected  to  make  a  condensed  report,  based 
upon  original  authorities,  and  supported  also  by  use  of  the 
best  secondary  discussions.  The  result  ordinarily  need  not 
be  stated  in  literary  form,  but  may  be  more  like  a  brief;  in 
all  cases,  however,  students  must  give  exact  reference  to  the 


10  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  8 

authorities  used  on  all  significant  points.  The  work  of  prep 
aration  is  to  be  done  under  the  personal  direction,  and  to 
the  satisfaction,  of  an  assistant  specially  assigned  for  the 
purpose,  acting  under  the  instructor's  guidance. 

In  the  special  directions  below  will  be  found  suggestions 
for  library  reports  on  the  following  subjects:  bibliography 
(§235);  constitutional  questions  (§238);  slavery  (§253); 
diplomacy  (§  270);  government  (§  283). 

In  assigning  reports  particular  pains  will  be  taken  to  see 
that  no  two  students  in  a  course  have  the  same  subjects; 
and  so  far  as  possible  topics  will  be  chosen  which  have  not 
been  worked  out  in  published  books  or  articles.  There  are 
many  interesting  points  in  American  history  and  govern 
ment  which  have  not  been  carefully  examined  by  any 
scholar,  and  there  is,  therefore,  an  opportunity  for  some 
distinctly  original  work. 

Attention  will  be  paid  to  any  preference  of  the  student 
as  to  his  subject,  if  indicated  in  his  application  on  entering 
the  course.  But  if  a  student  finds  in  the  lists  printed 
below,  or  elsewhere,  a  particular  subject  which  he  wishes 
to  have  assigned  to  him,  he  may  hand  in  a  written  request 
to  that  effect.  It  is  impossible  to  assign  subjects  all  of 
which  will  prove  of  equal  difficulty  and  importance,  and 
sometimes  the  question  set  may  prove  barren;  in  such  cases 
a  reassignment  will  be  made;  and  due  allowance  will  always 
be  made  for  an  intelligent  and  thorough  search,  even 
though  no  positive  result  can  be  reached. 

§  9.   Examinations. 

Examinations  are  necessary  not  so  much  to  test  the 
faithfulness  of  students  as  to  find  out  how  far  they  are 
able  to  apply  what  they  have  learned,  without  referring 
again  to  books.  The  examinations  also  test  the  ability  of 
the  student  to  select  the  most  important  points  in  the  lec 
tures  and  in  his  reading,  and  to  remember  them  when 
called  upon. 


§9]  EXAMINATIONS  11 

The  mid-year  examinations  in  United  States  history 
(Course  A),  in  diplomatic  history  (Course  C),  and  in  Ameri 
can  government  (Course  E)  will  cover  the  whole  half-year's 
work.  The  final  examination  in  Course  A  will  test  the 
cumulative  knowledge  of  the  whole  year,  though  dwelling 
less  on  the  details  of  the  first  half-year's  work.  In  Course  B 
and  Course  D  the  final  examinations  will  cover  only  the 
ground  of  the  second  half-year's  work,  except  in  so  far  as 
questions  have  arisen  in  the  course  since  the  mid-years 
which  require  reference  to  earlier  work.  There  will  be 
geographical  questions  in  all  papers,  both  narrative  and 
descriptive  (Manual,  §  26). 

Special  notice  will  be  taken  of  ability  in  examination 
books  to  show  the  relation  and  connection  between  facts 
which  have  not  been  linked  together  in  the  courses.  Per 
haps  the  best  method  to  prepare  for  an  examination,  after 
due  reading,  is  to  discuss  the  principal  questions  of  the 
course  with  fellow-students. 

For  the  process  of  examinations  the  following  suggestions 
may  be  found  useful : 

1.  Come  into  the  examination  fresh  and  able  to  think 
clearly. 

2.  Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to   write, 
and   decide   which   of   the   alternative   questions   you   will 
choose,  if  such  are  offered. 

3.  If  you  are  doubtful   of  the  meaning  of  a  question, 
apply  to  the  instructor  in  charge. 

4.  Write  legibly;  ink  is  much  preferred. 

5.  Write    in    a    straightforward    narrative    style;    make 
your  meaning  clear. 

6.  Arrange  and   paragraph  your  work  neatly  and  sys 
tematically. 

7.  Indicate  subdivisions  of  logical   argument  in  such  a 
way  as  readily  to  catch  the  eye. 

8.  Full  answers  to  a  part  of  the  questions  may  be  better 
than  insufficient  answers  to  the  whole. 


12  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  9 

9.  Less  stress  will  be  laid  on  dates  and  details  than  on  an 
ability  to  distinguish  the  significant  points  in  the  work  gone 
over,  and  to  understand  their  relations;  a  good  general  com 
prehension  can,  however,  be  based  only  on  a  previous  study 
of  details. 

§  10.   How  to  use  Books. 

In  such  subjects  as  history  and  government  the  main 
stay  of  the  student  must  be  collections  of  books;  a  single 
text-book  gives  but  one  man's  conclusions;  and  without 
actual  handling  of  books  and  the  discovery  therein  of  things 
which  meet  the  intellectual  needs  of  the  student,  he  is  left 
without  the  practice  of  searching  the  records  which  should 
be  the  habit  of  every  educated  person.  Most  college  lib 
raries  have  card-catalogues  of  their  collections  with  which 
the  student  should  be  familiar;  and  he  should  also  learn 
the  use  of  the  principal  aids  for  finding  specific  informa 
tion,  enumerated  in  the  Manual,  §§  1-11;  Guide,  §  15a; 
Fletcher,  Literature  of  American  History;  and  so  on. 

Students  should  early  acquire  the  habit  of  using  the  pre 
face,  table  of  contents,  and  index  of  a  volume,  as  a  guide  to 
its  purpose,  scope,  and  reach.  They  should  also  practice 
the  art  of  reading,  with  constant  effort  to  analyze  and 
restate  the  author's  text.  Underlining,  writing  heads  with 
comments  in  the  margin,  inserting  running  dates  and  the 
like  are  highly  commendable  when  applied  to  one's  own 
books.  To  read  only  a  part  of  a  book  is  also  a  frequent 
necessity  for  the  searcher. 

§  11.   Use  of  Bibliographical  Aids. 

The  starting  point  for  the  student,  the  intelligent  reader, 
and  the  searcher  for  historical  truth,  is  to  find  out  what 
has  been  written  on  particular  topics.  There  is  a  literature 
of  bibliographical  material  in  which  American  history  is 
well  represented;  and  the  student  should  at  the  outset 
make  himself  familiar  with  the  principal  bibliographies  of 


§  11]  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  AIDS  13 

American  history  and  government,  and  the  standard  his 
tories,  which  through  their  foot-notes  give  access  to  much 
detailed  material.  The  following  are  the  most  important 
formal  bibliographies.  See  Manual,  §§  17,  21,  24. 

(1)  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII.  —  The  United  States 

(1903).  —  Includes  brief  classified  lists  of  books. 

(2)  Edward  Channing  and  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Guide  to 

the  Study  of  American  History  (1896).  —  Classified 
lists  of  books,  without  comment,  and  topics  with 
specific  references. 

(3)  William  I.   Fletcher,  "A.L.  A."  Index;  An  Index  to 

General  Literature  (2d  ed.,  1901).  —  A  guide  to 
collected  essays,  otherwise  very  hard  to  reach. 

(4)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Actual  Government  as  applied 

under  American  Conditions  (3d  ed.,  1908).  —  A 
"Select  Bibliography  of  American  Government"  is 
prefixed;  and  there  are  thirty  chapter  bibliographies. 

(5)  Albert  Bushnell    Hart  (Ed.).     The  American  Nation: 

A  History  (27  vols.,  1904-1907).  —  "  Critical  Essays'7 
at  the  end  of  each  volume,  including  the  most 
recent  materials,  both  secondary  and  sources. 

(6)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Foundations  of  American  Foreign 

Policy  (1901).  —  Chapter  viii  is  a  classified  biblio 
graphy  of  American  diplomacy. 

(7)  Leonard  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature 

(2  vols.,  1888-1899).  — Refers  to  many  periodicals 
not  mentioned  in  Poole. 

(8)  Josephus  N.  Larned,  The  Literature  of  American  His 

tory,  A  Bibliographical  Guide  (19Q2).  —  A  list  of 
about  four  thousand  books  on  American  history, 
each  with  a  critical  note  by  an  expert. 

(9)  F.  Leypoldt,  L.  E.  Jones,  and  others,  The  American 

Catalogue  (7  vols.,  1880-1905).  —  A  publisher's  cata 
logue  of  all  books  in  print  in  America  in  1876  and 
thereafter;  well  classified. 


14  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  11 

(10)  Andrew   C.   McLaughlin,    Writings  on  American  His 

tory  (1903).  —  Similar  to  Richardson  and  Morse  (see 
below). 

(11)  New  England  History  Teachers'  Association,  Histori 

cal  Sources  in  Schools  (1902).  —  A  series  of  topics 
with  references  to  the  available  collections  of  sources. 

(12)  New  England  History  Teachers'  Association,  Histori 

cal  Syllabus  for  Secondary  Schools  (1901).  —  Alpha 
betical  and  topical  lists  on  various  fields  of  history. 

(13)  William  F.  Poole,  Poolers  Index  to  Periodical  Litera 

ture.  —  Various  successive  editions  and  supple 
ments;  the  standard  on  its  field. 

(14)  Marion    E.    Potter    (ed.),    Cumulative    Book    Indexes 

(issued  monthly). 

(15)  Ralph   Curtis    Ringwalt,    Briefs   on   Public   Questions 

(1906);  in  part  on  the  same  ground  as  W.  D.  B. 
Brookings  and  Ralph  Curtis  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for 
Debate  (1896). 

(16)  E.  C.  Richardson  and  A.  E.  Morse,  Writings  on  Ameri 

can  History  (1902).  —  The  first  of  a  projected  series 
of  annual  volumes. 

(17)  Justin  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  Amer 

ica  (8  vols.,  1884-1889).  — Admirable  for  its  field, 
but  in  general  extends  little  beyond  1789. 

§  12.   Use  of  Secondary  Materials. 

Inasmuch  as  the  value  of  both  the  historical  and  descrip 
tive  courses  lies  chiefly  in  the  use  and  training  of  one's  own 
powers,  it  is  expected  that  all  students  will  acquire  the 
habit  of  using  books,  and  many  books.  Brief  text-books 
will  be  required,  but  must  be  supplemented  by  wide  read 
ing  in  the  general  literature  on  the  subject;  and  the  courses 
are  so  arranged  that  students  may  often  read  the  most 
important  chapters  of  several  books  rather  than  the  whole 
of  any  elaborate  work.  The  use  of  bibliographical  helps 


§14]  SECONDARY   WORKS  15 

will  be  enforced  at  the  beginning  of  the  narrative  courses 
by  a  bibliographical  report  (Manual,  §  235),  and  constitu 
tional  or  international  or  governmental  treatises  are  to  be 
examined  as  a  beginning  for  the  work  on  "library  papers" 
(Manual,  §§  231-299).  Throughout  the  courses,  students 
will  be  expected  to  acquire  their  knowledge  of  facts  and 
their  foundation  for  conclusions  from  a  variety  of  material. 
The  books  most  serviceable  for  a  student's  use  will  be 
found  enumerated  below  (Manual,  §§  15-24). 

§  13.   Use  of  Sources. 

The  original  materials  upon  which  all  skilled  historians 
rely  as  the  basis  of  their  judgments  are  too  bulky  and  too 
scattered  to  serve  the  college  student  in  a  lecture  course, 
except  in  two  ways:  (1)  Contemporary  documents  and 
narratives  in  easily  accessible  collections  and  reprints, 
should  be  used  throughout  to  illustrate  and  verify  the  sec 
ondary  readings.  (2)  Sources  (especially  law  cases)  are 
part  of  the  material  for  the  class-room  papers;  and  will  be 
indispensable  for  some  of  the  library  report  work. 

Special  collections  of  sources  in  United  States  history 
(Courses  A  and  B)  are  listed  below  (§  18);  several  biblio 
graphies  which  include  sources  are  cited  above  (Manual, 
§  11),  especially  New  England  History  Teachers'  Associa 
tion,  Historical  Sources  in  Schools  (1902).  Sources  in  dip 
lomatic  history  may  be  found  through  Hart:  Foundations 
of  American  Foreign  Policy,  ch.  viii;  the  scattered  sources 
in  government  appear  in  Hart:  Actual  Government,  pp.  xxx- 
xxxiii  and  chapter  bibliographies. 

§  14.   Collections  of  Books. 

To  carry  on  really  enlarging  work  in  history,  one  must 
have  access  to  at  least  a  small^collection  of  books.  For 
secondary  books  are  the  record  of  the  thought  and  infer 
ence  of  historians;  and  beyond  the  elementary  stage  one 


16  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  14 

must  know  several  points  of  view.  In  a  sense  also  books 
are  the  creations  of  the  writers,  and  who  would  not  enjoy 
meeting  and  drawing  out  the  ideas  of  a  Parkman  or  a 
Rhodes?  Yet  the  books  of  such  men  reveal  more  of  them 
selves  to  the  reader  than  he  could  get  from  casual  inter 
views. 

There  is  now  a  literature  of  permanent  value  on  American 
history  and  government.  Henry  Adams,  History  of  the 
United  States,  and  James  Bryce,  American  Commonwealth, 
are  classics,  liable  to  be  needed  for  many  decades.  Hence 
all  students  should  begin  the  good  practice  of  collecting  a 
library  —  if  it  is  only  three  books  on  a  clock-shelf.  Often 
a  group  of  students  can  unite  in  buying  a  small  lot  of  books, 
which  can  then  be  subdivided  or  presented  to  a  college  or 
society  library  at  the  end  of  the  year's  study. 

§  15.  Students'  Handbooks  in  United  States  History 
(Course  A). 

TEXT-BOOKS.  —  There  being  no  single  volume  or  brief 
set  of  books  to  cover  the  whole  field  in  convenient  form, 
the  student  will  need  to  own  or  to  have  constant  access  to 
the  following  volumes:  they  should  cost  about  $5: 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy  and  Govern 
ment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908).  — This  volume. 

(2,  3)  Epochs  of  American  History,  Vols.  II,  III  (rev.  ed., 
N.  Y.,  Longmans.  1904).  —  A  brief  narrative  and  general 
history. 

(4)  Alexander   Johnston,    History   of   American   Politics, 
(rev.  ed.,  N.  Y.,  Holt,  1898).  —  A  graphic  sketch  of  political 
history  to  1890. 

(5)  Constitution    of   the    United    States.     The    most    con 
venient  verbatim  text  is  in  American  History  Leaflets,  No.  8. 

ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS.  —  Besides  the  text-books 
the  following  will  be  necessary  for  the  reading  and  the 
weekly  papers,  and  should  be  at  the  disposal  of  every 
student;  the  volumes  should  cost  about  $80: 


§  16]  STUDENTS'  HANDBOOKS  17 

(1)  Emlin  McClain,  Constitutional  Law  in  the  United 
States  (N.  Y.,  1905).  —  The  most  convenient  text-book  on 
constitutional  questions. 

(2,  3)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  History  told  by 
Contemporaries,  Vols.  Ill,  IV  (N.  Y.,  1901).  — A  set  of 
related  extracts,  prepared  with  special  view  to  the  needs  of 
classes  in  United  States  History. 

(4)  One  or  the  other  of  the  two  following  collections: 

(4a)  Emlin  McClain,  A  Selection  of  Cases  on  Constitu 
tional  Law  (Boston,  1901). 

(46)  Carl  Evans  Boyd,  Cases  on  American  Constitutional 
Law  (Chicago,  1898). 

(5,  6)  Joseph  Story,  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  (2  vols.,  Cooley's  4th  ed.,  Boston,  1873; 
Bigelow's  5th  ed.,  Boston,  1891).  —  The  best  extended 
commentary  for  class  use. 

(7,  8)  James  Bradley  Thayer,  Select  Cases  in  Constitu 
tional  Law,  with  Notes  (2  vols.,  Cambridge,  1895).  —  The 
standard  collection  of  cases,  almost  indispensable  for  the 
"  class-room  papers"  and  available  for  later  use  in  the  Law 
School. 

(9-23)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart  (editor),  The  American  Na 
tion:  A  History  (27  vols.,  including  index  vol.,  N.  Y.,  1904- 
1907,  sold  separately). — The  period  of  the  narrative  course 
is  substantially  covered  by  the  sixteen  volumes,  extending 
from  XI  (Bassett,  Federalist  System)  to  XXVI  (Hart, 
National  Ideals').  A  cooperative  history  intended  to 
include  all  the  significant  fields  of  American  history  — 
political,  social,  constitutional,  economic,  and  diplomatic. 

§  16.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Brief  United  States  History 
(Course  B). 

TEXT-BOOKS.  For  a  brief  course  like  this,  the  founda 
tion  books  may  be  only  an  outline  of  the  work  and  a  narra 
tive  volume  or  volumes,  as  the  following,  costing  $6: 


18  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  16 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy  and  Gov 
ernment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908).  —  This 
volume. 

(2a)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart:  Essentials  in  American  His 
tory  (N.  Y.,  1905).  —  Prepared  for  the  use  of  upper  high 
school  and  lower  college  classes. 

(26)  Edwin  Erie  Sparks:  The  United  States  of  America 
(2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1904,  Story  of  the  Nation  series).  —  Especially 
good  on  social  and  economic  history. 

ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS.  —  Some  source  material 
should  be  used,  besides  a  full  narrative  text  of  some  kind. 

(1)  Source-Book  of  American  History  (N.  Y.,  1900). 

(2)  American   History   told    by    Contemporaries    (4    vols., 
N.  Y.,  1897-1901). 

(3a)  The  American  Nation:  A  History  (Series.  27  vols., 
N.  Y.,  1904-1908) 

(36)  American  Statesmen  (Series.  About  37  vols.,  Boston, 
rev.  ed.,  1899-1904). 

§  17.  Special  Collection  in  United  States  History  (Courses 
A  and  B). 

Every  college  student  ought  to  be  laying  the  foundations 
for  his  own  library.  In  the  field  of  American  history, 
diplomacy,  and  government  there  is  a  considerable  litera 
ture  of  permanent  interest  and  value.  For  purposes  of 
study  an  excellent  plan  is  for  several  students  to  join 
together,  each  contributing  a  share  to  a  small  collection 
which  may  be  used  by  all  in  common  during  their  college 
course,  dividing  them  at  the  end  or  presenting  them  to  a 
library. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES:  The  special  bibliographies  of  United 
States  history  are  enumerated  above.  (Manual,  §  11;  note 
especially  Channing  and  Hart,  Guide  (1896);  New  England 
History  Teachers'  Association,  Syllabus  for  Secondary  Schools 
(1901).) 


§  17]  HISTORICAL   COLLECTIONS  19 

BIOGRAPHY:  See  Manual,  §  27.  The  best  brief  collec 
tion  is:  John  T.  Morse,  editor,  American  Statesmen  Series 
(32  volumes,  including  an  index  volume,  Boston,  rev.  ed., 
1898-1900;  also  later  additional  volumes).  Note  especially 

Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  Alexander  Hamilton. 

John  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson. 

John  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln  (2  vols.). 

Carl  Schurz,  Henry  Clay  (2  vols.). 

Hermann  Von  Hoist,  John  C.  Calhoun. 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Salmon  Portland  Chase. 

Edward  Stanwood,  James  G.  Elaine. 

SPECIAL  HISTORIES.  —  Among  many  histories  of  particu 
lar  phases  of  American  history  may  be  mentioned 

(1)  Davis   R.    Dewey,    Financial  History  of  the    United 
States  (N.  Y.,  1902).  —  Best  account  of  its  subject. 

(2)  John  W.  Foster,  A  Century  of  American  Diplomacy 
(1776-1876)  (Boston,  1900).  — Best  single  volume  on  diplo 
matic  history. 

(3a)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  Ideals  historically 
Traced  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI).  —  A  history  of  American 
ideals  and  practice  of  government. 

(36)  Alexander  Johnson,  History  of  American  Politics 
(N.  Y.,  1898).  —  Clear  account  of  national  issues  from  1786- 
1890. 

(4)  Jesse    Macy,    Political   Parties   in  the    United   States 
(N.    Y.,    1900).  —  Historical  and  descriptive;  comes  down 
only  to  1861. 

(5)  C.  Edward  Merriam,  A  History  of  American  Political 
Theories    (N.    Y.,    1903).— -An    excellent    account    of   the 
origin  and  progress  of  political  ideas. 

(6)  Edward  Stanwood,  History  of  the  Presidency  (Boston, 
1898). —  A  revision  of  the  author's  earlier  History  of  Presi 
dential  Elections. 

(7)  F.  W.  Taussig,  The  Tariff  History  of  the  United  States 
(N.  Y.,  4th  ed.,  1898).  —  Brief  and  to  the  point. 


20  METHODS,   AND  MATERIALS  [§  17 

(8)  Barrett  Wendell,  A  Literary  History  of  America 
(N.  Y.,  1900).  —  Best  brief  account  of  the  development  of 
American  Literature. 

STANDARD  HISTORIES.  —  Lists  of  the  principal  secondary 
works  on  United  States  history  will  be  found  in  the  Guide, 
§§  20,  25;  Theodore  Clarke  Smith,  General  Index  to  the 
American  Statesmen  Series;  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xx.  The  following  authors 
are  the  most  significant  for  their  discussion  of  constitutional 
questions :  — 

Henry  Adams,  History  of  the  United  States  of  America 
during  the  Administrations  of  Jefferson  and  Madison  (9  vols., 
N.  Y.,  1889-1891).  — Admirable  for  students  of  political 
conditions. 

E.  B.  Andrews,  The  History  of  the  Last  Quarter-Century 
in  the  United  States,  1870-1895  (2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1896).— 
Entertaining,  though  not  highly  skilful. 

John  William  Burgess,  The  Middle  Period,  1817-1858;  The 
Civil  War  and  the  Constitution  (3  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1897,  1901). 
By  a  Tennessean. 

George  Ticknor  Curtis,  Constitutional  History  of  the 
United  States  from  their  Declaration  of  Independence  to  the 
Close  of  their  Civil  War  (2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1889-1896).  —  A 
learned  and  luminous  work,  very  serviceable  on  many  con 
stitutional  questions.  Vol.  I  is  a  reprint  of  the  author's 
two- volume  History  of  the  Constitution  (N.  Y.,  1854-1858). 

Jefferson  Davis,  The  Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Gov 
ernment  (2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1881).  —  A  defense  of  the  right  of 
secession. 

John  Pancoast  Gordy,  A  History  of  Political  Parties  in 
the  United  States  (1  vol.  published,  to  1809,  rev.  ed.,  N.  Y., 
1900).  —  Chiefly  political  and  diplomatic. 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart  (ed.),  The  American  Nation:  A 
History  (27  vols.,  N.  Y.;  1903-1907).  —  A  cooperative 
history. 


§  17]  HISTORICAL  COLLECTIONS  21 

Hermann  Eduard  Von  Hoist,  The  Constitutional  and 
Political  History  of  the  United  States  (Lake's  and  Mason's 
translation,  7  vols.  and  an  index  vol.,  Chicago,  rev.  ed., 
1899).  —  Very  full  discussions  of  many  constitutional 
questions. 

Judson  Stuart    Landon,   The  Constitutional  History  and 
Government  of  the  United  States  (rev.  ed.,  Boston,  1900).— 
A  good  single  volume  on  the  development  of  American  prin 
ciples  of  government. 

John  Bach  Me  Master,  A  History  of  the  People  of  the 
United  States  from  the  Revolution  to  the  Civil  War  (6  vols. 
published,  N.  Y.,  1883-1906).  —  Not  much  discussion  of 
constitutional  points;  the  sixth  volume  comes  down  to 
1842. 

Harry  Thurston  Peck,  Twenty  Years  of  the  Republic, 
1885-1905  (N.  Y.,  1907).  —  Sketchy  and  rather  prejudiced. 

James    Ford    Rhodes,  History  of  the   United  States  from 
the    Compromise    of    1850    (7  vols.,  N.   Y.,    1893-1906).- 
Admirable    for    questions    of   slavery   and   the    Civil  War, 
though  not  professedly  a  constitutional  book. 

James  Schouler,  History  of  the  United  States  of  America 
under  the  Constitution  (6  vols.,  rev.  ed.,  N.  Y.,  1895-1899). 
—  A  good  political  history,  with  some  discussion  of  consti 
tutional  questions. 

Edwin  E.  Sparks,  The  United  States  of  America  (2  vols., 
N.  Y.,  1904).  —  Story  of  the  Nations  series.  —  Especially 
good  on  social  and  economic  conditions. 

Alexander  Hamilton  Stephens,  A  Constitutional  View  of 
the  Late  War  between  the  States:  its  Causes,  Character, 
Conduct,  and  Results  (2  vols.,  Phila.,  1868-1870). — The 
best  statement  of  the  Southern  view  of  secession  and  of  the 
nature  of  the  Union. 

George  Tucker,  The  History  of  the  United  States  from  their 
Colonization  to  the  End  of  the  Twenty-Sixth  Congress,  in 
1841  (4  vols.,  Phila.,  1856-1857).  —  Written  from  the 
Southern  standpoint;  covers  the  period  1607-1841. 


22  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  17 

Woodrow  Wilson,  History  of  the  American  People  (5  vols., 
N.  Y.,  1902).  —  Brief  but  suggestive. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  TREATISES.  —  The  principal 
treatises  on  constitutional  law  are  the  following;  a  more 
detailed  list,  including  the  older  treatises,  which  are  often 
useful  for  historical  questions,  will  be  found  in  Albert  Bush- 
nell  Hart,  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Federal  Government 
(Boston,  1891),  §  469;  elaborate  bibliography  in  W.  E. 
Foster,  References  to  the  Constitution  (N.  Y.,  1890);  lists  of 
authorities  in  many  of  the  treatises;  critical  comments  on 
the  treatises  in  J.  N.  Larned,  Literature  of  American  His 
tory  (N.  Y.,  1902). 

James  DeWitt  Andrews,  American  Law:  A  Treatise  on 
the  Jurisprudence,  Constitution,  and  Law  of  the  United 
States  (Chicago,  1890).  —  Not  very  scholarly  nor  exhaustive. 

William  O.  Bateman,  Political  and  Constitutional  Law  of 
the  United  States  of  America  (St.  Louis,  1876).  —  Colored 
by  the  author's  fear  of  centralization;  original  and  sugges 
tive. 

Henry  Campbell  Black,  Handbook  of  American  Constitu 
tional  Law  (2d  ed.,  St.  Paul,  1897).  —  A  good  practical  dis 
cussion  of  the  principal  points  of  the  subject,  intended  for 
the  use  of  lawyers,  but  also  useful  for  the  general  student. 

George  Sewall  Boutwell,  The  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  at  the  End  of  the  First  Century  (Boston,  1895).  — A 
brief  summary  of  the  development  of  the  principles  of  each 
paragraph  of  the  Constitution. 

P.  C.  Centz  (pseudonym  for  Bernard  J.  Sage),  The  Re 
public  of  Republics,  or  American  Federal  Liberty  (4th  ed., 
Boston,  1881).  —  The  keenest  defense  of  secession. 

Thomas  Mclntyre  Cooley,  The  General  Principles  of  Con 
stitutional  Law  in  the  United  States  of  America  (McLaughlin's 
3d  ed.,  Boston,  1898).  —  The  standard  brief  commentary, 
but  not  exhaustive  on  many  points. 

Thomas   Mclntyre   Cooley,   A    Treatise  on  the   Constitu^ 


§  17]  HISTORICAL  COLLECTIONS  23 

tional  Limitations  which  Rest  upon  the  Legislative  Power  of 
the  States  of  the  American  Union  (6th  ed.,  Boston,  1890).  — 
A  learned  and  exhaustive  discussion  of  one  part  of  the  field 
of  constitutional  law,  including  the  States. 
,  Roger  Foster,  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  Historical  and  Judicial;  with  observations  on 
the  ordinary  provisions  of  State  Constitutions,  and  a  Com 
parison  with  the  Constitutions  of  other  Countries  (1  vol.  pub 
lished,  Boston,  1896).  —  One  of  the  best  of  the  recent  dis 
cussions. 

Ernst  Freund,  The  Police  Power,  Public  Policy,  and  Con 
stitutional  Rights  (Chicago,  1904).  —  A  useful  discussion, 
covering  a  limited  field. 

Frank  Johnson  Goodnow,  The  Principles  of  the  Adminis 
trative  Law  of  the  United  States  (N.  Y.,  1905).  — A  first 
hand  discussion  of  a  subject  previously  almost  untouched. 
Contains  much  good  material  on  general  constitutional 
questions. 

John  Innes  Clark  Hare,  American  Constitutional  Law 
(2  vols.,  Boston,  1889).  — Good,  but  hardly  of  the  first 
importance  for  students.' 

Hermann  Eduard  Von  Hoist,  The  Constitutional  Law  of 
the  United  States  of  America  (Chicago,  1887).  —  Too  brief 
and  cursory  for  extended  study;  includes  state  and  local 
government. 

John  Codman  Hurd,  The  Theory  of  our  National  Exist 
ence,  as  shown  by  the  Action  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  since  1861  (Boston,  1881).  —  A  discussion  from  the 
point  of  view  rather  of  theoretical  political  science  than  of 
constitutional  law. 

John  Codman  Hurd,  The  Union  State:  A  Letter  to  our 
States-rights  Friend  (N.  Y.,  1890).  — A  discussion  of  the 
nature  of  the  American  Union. 

John  Alexander  Jameson,  Constitutional  Conventions; 
their  History,  Powers,  and  Modes  of  Proceeding  (4th  ed., 
Chicago,  1887).  —  The  standard  on  its  subject. 


24  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  17 

James  Kent,  Commentaries  on  American  Law  (4  vols., 
1826-1830,  and  many  subsequent  editions).  —  A  standard 
book,  still  much  quoted,  but  inferior  to  Cooley  in  compre 
hensiveness.  It  is  not  devoted  exclusively  to  Constitu 
tional  Law. 

Francis  Lieber,  Contributions  to  Political  Science,  includ 
ing  Lectures  on  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
other  Papers  (Phil a.,  1881).  —  Theoretical  and  philosophical 
but  suggestive. 

Emlin  McClain,  Constitutional  Law  in  the  United  States 
(N.  Y.,  1905).  — Written  for  the  general  student  and  hence 
especially  available  for  college  courses. 

Samuel  Freeman  Miller,  Lectures  on  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  (N.  Y.,  1891).  — By  a  former  justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court. 

John  Ordronaux,  Constitutional  Legislation  in  the  United 
States;  its  Origin,  and  Application  to  the  relative  Powers  of 
Congress  and  of  State  Legislatures  (Phila.,  1891).  —  A  useful 
book. 

Christopher  Stuart  Patterson,  The  United  States  and  the 
States  under  the  Constitution  (Phila.,  1888). —  Very  thorough. 

John  Norton  Pomeroy,  An  Introduction  to  the  Constitu 
tional  Law  of  the  United  States  (Boston,  1868,  and  subse 
quent  editions) .  —  Long  a  standard,  and  still  one  of  the 
best  for  the  discussion  of  many  points,  but  rather  out  of 
date. 

Joseph  Story,  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  with  a  Preliminary  Review  of  the  Constitutional 
History  of  the  Colonies  and  States,  before  the  Adoption  of 
the  Constitution  (3  and  2  vols.,  1833,  and  four  later  editions). 
-  The  earliest  and  greatest  work  of  the  kind;  still  sound, 
but  does  not  deal  with  the  latest  modern  constitutional 
problems. 

Christopher  Gustavus  Tiedeman,  The  Unwritten  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States:  A  Philosophical  Inquiry  into  the 
Fundamentals  of  American  Constitutional  Law  (N.  Y.,  1890). 


§  18]  HISTORICAL  COLLECTIONS  25 

Joel  Tiffany,  A  Treatise  in  Government  and  Constitutional 
Law,  being  an  Inquiry  into  the  Source  and  Limitation  of 
Governmental  Authority,  according  to  the  American  Theory 
(Albany,  1867). 

William  Angus  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  showing  the  Construction  and  Operation  of 
the  Constitution  as  determined  by  the  Federal  Supreme  Court, 
and  Containing  references  to  illustrative  Cases  from  the  In 
ferior  Federal  and  State  Courts  (San  Francisco,  1904). — 
The  latest  general  treatise  on  the  subject,  dealing  with 
recent  problems  which  no  other  treatise  discusses. 

John   Randolph  Tucker,    The  Constitution  of  the   United 
States:  A  Critical  Discussion  of  its  Genesis,  Development,  and 
Interpretation    (Chicago,    1899).  —  A    clear   and   exhaustive 
discussion,  with  a  decided  leaning  to  the  state  rights  view 
point. 

Francis  Wharton,  Commentaries  on  Law,  embracing  Chap 
ters  on  the  Nature,  the  Source,  and  the  History  of  Law,  on 
International  Law,  Public  and  Private;  and  on  Constitutional 
and  Statutory  Law  (Phila.,  1884).  —  Not  a  complete  dis 
cussion,  and  rather  badly  arranged,  but  full  of  practical 
material. 

Westel  Woodbury  Willoughby,  The  American  Constitu 
tional  System,  an  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  American 
State  (N.  Y.,  1904).  —  Mainly  a  discussion  of  the  relation 
between  the  federal  and  state  governments. 

James  Albert  Woodburn,  American  Politics.  The  Amer 
ican  Republic  and  its  Government,  an  Analysis  of  the  Gov 
ernment  of  the  United  States,  with  a  Consideration  of  its 
Fundamental  Principles  and  of  its  Relations  to  the  States 
and  Territories  (N.  Y.,  1904.)  —  From  the  governmental 
point  of  view  rather  than  the  Constitutional. 

§  18.   Collections  of  Historical  Sources  (Courses  A  and  B). 
For  the  narrative  questions,  and  often  for  the  constitu- 


26  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  18 

tional,  recourse  must  be  had  to  contemporary  discussions 
and  arguments.  A  bibliography  and  description  of  such 
materials  may  be  found  in  Channing  and  Hart,  Guide  to  the 
Study  of  American  History,  §§  27-35;  in  the  introduction  to 
each  of  the  four  volumes  of  American  History  told  by  Con 
temporaries;  and  in  New  England  History  Teachers'  Asso 
ciation,  Historical  Sources  in  Schools.  In  the  Critical  Essay 
at  the  end  of  each  volume  of  the  American  Nation  will  be 
found  a  list  of  sources,  with  comment. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.  —  Among  the  most  important 
sources  are  the  Journals  of  Congress;  records  of  debates; 
works  of  public  men  containing  public  speeches  and  state 
papers;  autobiographies  and  reminiscences;  President's 
messages;  statutes  and  treaties  of  the  United  States;  elab 
orate  biographies  containing  documents;  proceedings  of 
learned  societies.  A  list  of  indexes  to  government  docu 
ments  will  be  found  in  the  Guide,  §  We,  and  in  American 
Statistical  Association,  Publications,  VII,  Nos.  49,  50 
(March,  June,  1900,  p.  40);  also  in  Albert  Bushnell  Hart, 
Foundations  of  American  Foreign  Policy,  ch.  viii. 

COLLECTIONS  OF  SOURCES.  —  Several  collections  of  useful 
sources  have  been  brought  together  for  the  use  of  students. 
Of  these  may  be  mentioned: 

H.  V.  Ames,  State  Documents  on  Federal  Relations,  Nos. 
1-4  (Phila.,  1900-1902). 

Jonathan  Elliot,  Debates  on  the  Federal  Constitution  (5 
vols.,  Washington,  1836-1845). 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  History  told  by  Contem 
poraries  (4  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1897-1901). 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Source-Book  of  American  History, 
with  Practical  Introductions  (N.  Y.,  1899). 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart  and  Edward  Channing,  American 
History  Leaflets  (34  Nos.  to  1907,  N.  Y.,  1892-). 

Alexander  Johnston,  American  Orations:  Studies  in 
American  Political  History  (4  vols.,  re-edited  by  J.  A.  Wood- 


§18]  HISTORICAL  SOURCES  27 

burn,  N.  Y.,  1896-1897).  —  Short  select  orations  by  the 
most  eminent  Americans,  with  notes. 

William  MacDonald,  Select  Charters  and  Other  Documents 
illustrative  of  American  History,  1606-1775  (N.  Y.,  1899). 

William  MacDonald,  Select  Documents  illustrative  of  the 
History  of  the  United  States,  1776-1861  (N.  Y.,  1898). 

William  MacDonald,  Select  Statutes  and  Other  Documents 
illustrative  of  the  History  of  the  United  States,  1861-1898 
(N.  Y.,  1902). 

Edwin  Doak  Mead,  Old  South  Leaflets  (about  175  Nos., 
Boston,  1888-). 

James  Daniel  Richardson,  A  Compilation  of  the  Messages 
and  Papers  of  the  Presidents,  1789-1897  (10  vols.,  Wash 
ington,  1896-1899). 

REPORTS  OF  JUDICIAL  CASES.  —  On  all  constitutional 
questions  the  most  authoritative  utterance  is  always  the 
decisions  of  the  courts,  and  especially  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States.  These  decisions  are  printed  in  eight 
groups  of  publications,  to  be  found  in  many  libraries. 
The  official  United  States  Supreme  Court  Reports  and  the 
collections  of  select  cases  should  also  be  easily  accessible 
to  the  student. 

(1)  OFFICIAL  REPORTS  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

These  official  reports  embody  the  most  important  mate 
rial  for  forming  a  judgment  on  the  nature  of  our  govern 
ment,  the  division  of  powers  between  nation  and  State,  and 
the  distribution  of  powers  among  the  departments  of  gov 
ernment.  They  are  published  in  several  forms:  (1)  a  series 
of  consecutive  reports,  indicated  down  to  1882  by  the  name 
of  the  reporter  (Dallas  to  Otto),  since  1875  issued  under 
the  title  United  States  Reports;  (2)  in  condensed  reports 
compiled  by  various  authors  (Peters  to  Miller);  (3)  since 
1882  in  a  series  issued  by  the  West  Publishing  Company  of 


28  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  18 

St.  Paul,  Minn.  Any  particular  case  included  in  the  re 
ports  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  District,  Cir 
cuit,  or  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  and  any  case  from  other 
national  courts  or  State  courts,  so  far  as  included  in  the 
publications  of  the  West  Company,  may  be  ordered  by  the 
name  of  the  case  (e.  g.,  Ware  v.  Hylton)  by  forwarding 
twenty-five  cents.  In  the  lists  of  reports,  the  abbreviations 
are  in  the  usual  form  of  citations. 


."  [1781-1800]  Alexander  James  Dallas,  Reports  of 
Cases  ruled  and  adjudged  in  the  several  Courts  of  the 
United  States,  and  of  Pennsylvania  (4  vols.,  Phil  a., 
1790-1807). 

"CRANCH"  [1801-1815]  William  Cranch,  Reports  of  Cases 
argued  and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  (9  vols.,  Washington  and  N.  Y.,  1804- 
1817). 

"WHEAT."  [1816-1827]  Henry  Wheaton,  Reports  of  Cases 
argued  and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  (12  vols.,  Phila.  and  N.  Y.,  1816-1827). 

"PET."  [1828-1843]  Richard  Peters,  Jr.,  Reports  of  Cases 
argued  and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  (17  vols.,  Phila.  and  Boston,  1828-1843). 

"How."  [1843-1860]  Benjamin  Chew  Howard,  Reports  of 
Cases  argued  and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  (24  vols.,  Phila.,  Boston,  and  Wash 
ington,  1843-1861). 

"BLACK"  [1861-1862]  Jeremiah  Sullivan  Black,  Reports  of 
Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  (2  vols.,  Washington,  1862-1863). 

"WALL."  [1863-1874]  John  William  Wallace,  Cases  argued 
and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  (23  vols.,  Washington,  1870-1876). 

"OTTO"  [1875-1882]  William  Todd  Otto,  Cases  argued  and 
adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 


§  18]  HISTORICAL  SOURCES  29 

(17    vols.,    Boston,    1876-1883).     Also    bears    title 
United  States  Reports,  Supreme  Court,  Vols.  91-107. 
"U.  S."  [1882-cont.]  John  C.  Bancroft  Davis,  United  States 
Reports:  Cases  adjudged  in  the  Supreme  Court  (Vols. 
108-,  N.  Y.,  1884-cont.). 

(2)  UNOFFICIAL  REPRINTS  AND  CONDENSATIONS  OF  SUPREME 
COURT  REPORTS. 

"PET.  COND."  [1791-1827]  Richard  Peters,  Jr.,  Condensed 
Reports  of  Cases  argued  and  adjudged  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  (6  vols.,  Phila.,  1830-1834). 

"CuRT.  DEC."  [1790-1854]  Benjamin  Robbins  Curtis,  Reports 
of  Decisions  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
with  Notes,  and  a  Digest  (21  vols.  and  1  vol.  Digest, 
Boston,  1855-1856;  several  subsequent  editions). 

"MiLL.  DEC."  [1855-1863]  Samuel  Freeman  Miller,  Reports 
of  Decisions  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
(4  vols.,  Washington,  1874-1875).  —  Condensed  re 
ports  in  continuation  of  Curtis. 

"S.  C.  R."  [1882-cont.]  Supreme  Court  Reporter:  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  (St. 
Paul,  1883-cont.).  —  Issued  at  frequent  intervals  in 
preliminary  fascicles,  then  in  annual  volumes. 

(3)  OFFICIAL  REPORTS  OF  INFERIOR  JUDICIAL  COURTS. 

No  official  reports  of  the  district  or  circuit  courts  have 
been    published,    nor   any   systematic    private    reports   till 
recently.      The   Court    of    Claims  is  included  in   Manual, 
below,  among  the  administrative  tribunals.    When  the  new 
Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals  were  established  in  1891,  an  official 
series  was  established  which  continued  till  1899  as  follows: 
"U.  S.  APP."    [1891-1899]  United  States  Courts  of  Appeals 
Reports:  Cases  adjudged  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Courts  of  Appeals  (63  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1893-1899). 


30  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  18 

(4)  UNOFFICIAL  REPORTS  OF  INFERIOR  JUDICIAL  COURTS. 

The  lacunae  in  the  official  sources  have  been  very  effi 
ciently  filled  by  three  systematic  publications,  which  in 
clude  all  the  decisions  from  district,  circuit,  and  circuit 
appeals  courts.  There  are  similar  publications  of  State  cases 
arranged  in  geographical  groups. 

"FED.  CAS."  [1789-1880]  The  Federal  Cases:  Comprising 
Cases  argued  and  determined  in  the  Circuit  and  Dis 
trict  Courts  of  the  United  States  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  Beginning  of  the  Federal  Reporter  (30 
vols.,  and  Digest,  St.  Paul,  1894-1898).  —  Over  18,000 
cases. 

"FED.  REP."  [1880-cont.]  Federal  Reporter:  Cases  argued 
and  determined  in  the  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals  and 
Circuit  and  District  Courts  of  the  United  States  (153 
vols.  and  Digest  of  6  vols.  to  1907,  St.  Paul,  1880- 
cont.). 

"C.  C.  A."  [1891-cont.]  United  States  Courts  of  Appeals  Re 
ports:  Cases  adjudged  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Courts  of  Appeals  (79  vols.  to  1907,  St.  Paul  and 
Rochester,  1892-cont.). 

(5)  COLLECTIONS  OF  CONSTITUTIONAL  CASES. 

For  the  use  of  large  classes  will  be  found  convenient  the 
standard  collections  of  constitutional  cases  (national  and 
State),  of  which  there  are  three.  All  include  some  State 
cases. 

Carl  Evans  Boyd,  Cases  on  American  Constitutional  Law 
(Chicago,  1898).  —  Briefest  collection;  chiefly  from  Thayer. 

Emlin  McClain,  A  Selection  of  Cases  on  Constitutional 
Law  (Boston,  1900).  —  A  convenient  collection  of  more 
than  1,000  pages,  arranged  in  the  same  order  as  T.  M. 
Cooley,  Constitutional  Law. 


§  18]  HISTORICAL  SOURCES  31 

James  Bradley  Thayer,  Cases  in  Constitutional  Law,  with 
Notes  (2  vols.,  Cambridge,  1895).  —  Best  collection,  admira 
bly  selected  and  edited. 

(6)  CASES  IN  INTERNATIONAL  LAW. 

William  Pitt  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases  and  Opinions  on 
International  Law  (2d  ed.,  London,  1892). 

James  Brown  Scott,  Cases  on  International  Law  (St.  Paul, 
1906). 

Freeman  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions  on  International  Law, 
with  Notes  and  Syllabus  (Boston,  1893). 

(7)  OFFICIAL  ADMINISTRATIVE  DECISIONS. 

Besides  the  judicial  tribunals  there  are  several  adminis 
trative  bodies  which  decide  cases,  and  record  their  decisions 
in  official  series.  The  most  important  are  the  following: 

"Opp.  ATT.  GEN."  [1791-cont.]  Official  Opinions  of  the  Attor 
neys  General  of  the  United  States  (25  vols.  to  1906, 
Washington,  1852-cont.). 

"U.  S.  CT.  CL."  [1863-cont.]  Cases  decided  in  the  Court  of 
Claims  of  the  United  States,  with  Abstracts  of  the  De 
crees  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  Appeal  Cases  (41  vols. 
to  1906,  and  Digest  to  1875,  Washington,  1867-cont.). 

"INTERS.  COM.  REP."  [1887-cont.]  Interstate  Commerce  Re 
ports:  Decisions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis 
sion  of  the  United  States  (11  vols.  to  1906,  Rochester, 
1887-cont.). 

"PAT.  D."  [1869-cont.]  Decisions  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Patents,  and  of  the  United  States  Courts  in  Patent  and 
Trademark  Cases  (34  vols.  to  1905,  Washington, 
1869-cont.). 

"PEN.  D."  [1886-cont.]  Decisions  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  in  Appealed  Pension  and  Bounty  Land 
Claims;  also  a  Table  of  Cases  reported,  cited,  over- 


32  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  18 

rided,  and  modified,  and  of  Statutes  cited  and  con 
strued  (16  vols.  to  1906,  Washington,  1887-cont.); 
also  a  Digest  of  Decisions  and  Opinions  relating  to 
Pensions  and  Bounty  Land  (Washington,  1897). 
"LAND  D."  [1881-cont.]  Decisions  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  and  General  Land  Office  in  Cases  relating  to 
the  Public  Lands  (34  vols.  to  1906,  Washington,  1887- 
cont.). 

(8)  FEDERAL  STATUTES  AND  TREATIES. 

United  States,  The  Statutes  at  Large  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  .  .  .  and  Recent  Treaties,  Conventions,  Executive 
Proclamations,  and  the  Concurrent  Resolutions  of  the  Two 
Houses  of  Congress  (33  vols.  to  1905,  Boston  and  Wash 
ington,  1850-cont.). 

United  States,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  .  .  . 
embracing  the  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  general  and  per 
manent  in  their  Nature,  in  force  on  the  First  Day  of  Decem 
ber,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-three  (Washing 
ton,  1878). 

United  States,  Supplement  to  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United  States,  Vol.  I,  second  edition,  revised  and  continued, 
1874  t°  1891.  .  .  .  Embracing  the  Statutes,  general  and  per 
manent  in  their  Nature,  passed  after  the  Revised  Statutes  and 
in  force  at  the  end  of  the  Fifty-First  Congress  [1891]  (Wash 
ington,  1891).  Vol.  II,  Statutes  in  force  at  the  end  of  the 
Fifty-Sixth  Congress  [1901]  (Washington,  1901). 

United  States,  Treaties  and  Conventions  concluded  between 
the  United  States  of  America  and  Other  Powers  (Washington, 
1889). 

United  States,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  relating 
to  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  Post  Roads,  .  .  .  together  with 
the  Public  Treaties  in  Force  on  the  First  Day  of  December, 
1873  (Washington,  1875). 

William   M.    Malloy,   Compilation   of   Treaties   in   Force. 


§  19]  HISTORICAL  SOURCES  33 

Prepared  under  resolution  of   the   Senate  of    February  11, 
1904  (Washington,  1904). 

(9)  DIGESTS  OF  FEDERAL  DECISIONS  AND  STATUTES. 

Of  late  years  there  has  been  extraordinary  activity  in 
analyzing,  cataloguing,  and  indexing  the  vast  materials 
included  in  the  statutes,  treaties,  and  judicial  decisions. 
The  most  suitable  of  such  aids  are  the  following: 

[1789-1890]  A.  J.  Baker,  Annotated  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  (Chicago,  1891). 

[1789-1870]  Frederick  Charles  Brightly,  A  Digest  of  the 
Decisions  of  the  Federal  Courts  from  the  Organization  of  the 
Government  to  the  Present  Time  (2  vols.,  Phila.,  1868-1870, 
2ded.  of  Vol.  II,  1872). 

[1648-1896]  Century  Edition  of  the  American  Digest.  A 
Complete  Digest  of  All  Reported  American  Cases  from  the 
Earliest  Times  to  1896  (27  vols.  to  1901,  St.  Paul,  1897-cont.). 

[1789-1891]  Henry  DeForest  Clarke,  Handbook  of  all  the 
Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  (Roches 
ter,  1892). 

[1789-1891]  Henry  Gold  Danforth,  A  Digest  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  Reports  from  the  Organization  of  the 
Court  (2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1885-1891). 

[1789-1884]  Robert  Desty,  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  (2d  ed.,  San  Francisco,  1887). 

Federal  Reporter  Digest.  A  digest  of  the  Federal  Re 
porter  and  the  Supreme  Court  Reporter,  also  of  United 
States  Reports  106-202  (4  vols.,  St.  Paul,  1900;  and 
supplementary  vols.,  1903  and  1907). 

§  19.  Students'  Handbooks  in  Diplomatic  History  (Course  C). 

TEXT-BOOKS.  Indispensable  for  every  student  are  the 
following,  costing  together  $8: 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and  Govern 
ment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908). — This  volume. 


34  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  19 

(2)  John  B.  Moore,  American  Diplomacy,  its  Spirit  and 
Achievements  (N.  Y.,  Harpers,  1905).  —  Arranged  topically. 

(3)  John  W.  Foster,  A  Century  of  American  Diplomacy, 
1776-1876    (Boston,    Houghton,    Mifflin    &    Co.,    1900).— 
Arranged  chronologically. 

(4)  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  The  Foundations  of  American 
^oreign  Policy  (N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  1901).  —  Arranged  topi 
cally,  with  bibliography. 

ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS: 

(1)  William  Edward  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.,  Ox 
ford,   1880).  —  The  best  single- volume  treatise,  with  many 
references  to  American  precedent. 

(2)  William  M.  Malloy,   Compilation  of  Treaties  in  Force 
(Washington,  1904). 

(3)  United  States,  Treaties  and  Conventions  concluded  be 
tween   the    United    States   and    Other    Powers    (Washington, 

in). 

±)  John  Bassett  Moore,  Digest  of  International  Law  (8 
vols.,  Washington,  1906). — Invaluable  extracts  from  official 
instructions,  opinions,  and  despatches. 

(5)  John  Bassett  Moore,' History  and  Digest  of  the  Arbitra 
tions  to  which  the  United  States  has  been  a  party,  etc.  (6  vols., 
Washington,  1898).  —  Includes  many  capital  narratives  of 
diplomatic  controversies. 

(6)  John  B.  Henderson,  American  Diplomatic  Questions 
(1901).  —  Takes   up   a  few  special   questions,   and  follows 
them  through. 

§  20.  Students'    Handbooks    in    Brief    Diplomatic    History 
(Course  D). 
TEXTBOOKS.    The  three  following  volumes  costing  about 

<ft7- 
<$<  • 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and  Govern 
ment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908). — This  volume. 

(2)  John  W.  Foster,     Century    of   American    Diplomacy, 
1776-1876   (Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  1900). 


§  21]  DIPLOMATIC  COLLECTIONS  35 

(3)  John  B.  Moore,  American  Diplomacy,  its  Spirit  and 
Achievements  (N.  Y.,  Harpers,  1905). 
ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS: 

(1)  John  W.   Foster,  American  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient 
(Boston,  1903). 

(2)  Willis  Fletcher  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Panama 
Canal  (N.  Y.,  1906). 

(3)  John  Bassett  Moore,  A  Digest  of  International  Law 
(8  vols.,  Washington,  1906). 

(4)  United    States,   Treaties    and    Conventions   concluded 
between  the  United  States  and  Other  Powers  (Washington, 
1889). 

§  21.  Special  Collection  in  American  Diplomacy  (Courses  C 
and  D). 

In  the  selection  of  handy  books  for  the  study  of  American 
diplomacy,  help  may  be  found  in  Albert  Bushnell  Ek"',, 
The  Foundations  of  American  Foreign  Policy,  ch.  v'li, 
which  is  a  brief  classified  bibliography. 

American  History  Leaflets,  Nos.  2,  3,  6,  7,  14,  19,  34  (N.  Y., 
1892-1907).  —  Reprints  of  significant  correspondence,  treat 
ies,  etc. 

Alfred  T.  Mahan,  The  Influence  of  Sea  Power  upon  His 
tory,  1660-1783  (Boston,  1890).  — A  very  important  book. 

Freeman  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions  in  International  Law 
(Boston,  1893).  —  Apposite  illustrations. 

Ira  Dudley  Travis,  The  History  of  the  Clay  ton- Bulwer 
Treaty  (Ann  Arbor,  1900).  —  Standard  authority  on  the 
subject. 

John  W.  Foster,  The  Practice  of  Diplomacy  (N.  Y.,  1906). 
—  On  usages. 

James  Morton  Callahan,  Diplomatic  History  of  the  South 
ern  Confederacy  (Baltimore,  1901). — Standard  on  the  subject. 

John  W.  Foster,  American  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient 
(Boston,  1903). 


36  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§  21 

For  $70  may  be  bought  the  text-books,  essential  refer 
ence  books,  the  volumes  above  mentioned,  and  the  follow 
ing:  J.  D.  Richardson,  Compilation  of  the  Messages  and 
Papers  of  the  Presidents,  1789-1897  (10  vols.,  Washington, 
1896-1899). 

Frederic  Bancroft,  Life  of  William  H.  Seward  (2  vols., 
N.  Y.,  1900). 

James  Morton  Callahan,  American  Relations  in  the  Pacific 
and  Far  East,  1784-1900  (Baltimore,  1901). 

James  Morton  Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations 
(Baltimore,  1899). 

T.  B.  Edgington,  The  Monroe  Doctrine  (Boston,  1905). 

Lowrie  and  Clarke,  American  State  Papers,  Foreign  (6 
vols.,  Washington,  1832-1859).  —  Only  at  second-hand. 

Alfred  T.  Mahan,  The  Interest  of  America  in  Sea  Powers, 
Present  and  Future  (Boston,  1897). 

For  $120  the  collector  should  seek,  in  addition  to  the  $70 
set,  for  the  collected  works  of  John  Adams.  Benjamin 
Franklin,  John  Jay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  William  H.  Seward, 
and  Daniel  Webster;  for  Wharton,  Correspondence  of  the 
American  Revolution,  and  for  any  volumes  of  the  Diplo 
matic  Correspondence  or  Foreign  Relations  (since  1861). 

§22.  Students'  Handbooks  in  American  Government  (Course  E). 
TEXTBOOKS  (costing  $8): 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and  Govern 
ment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908). — This  volume. 

(2)  Albert    Bushnell    Hart,    Actual   Government    (N.    Y., 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  3d  ed.,  1908). 

(3)  James  Bryce,  The  American  Commonwealth  (2  vols., 
3d  ed.,  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  1901). 

ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS: 

(1)  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  (N.  Y.,  1896).  —  The  best  study  of  the  workings  of 
Congressional  government. 


§23]  GOVERNMENT   COLLECTIONS  37 

(2)  Frank  J.  Goodnow,  Principles  of  Administrative  Law 
(N.  Y.,  1906).  —  To  a  large  degree  a  treatise  on  American 
practical   government,    as   established   by   court   decisions; 
also  valuable  on  State  and  local  government. 

Westel  W.  Willoughby,  editor,  The  American  State  Series 
(8  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1904-1908),  as  follows: 

(3)  Westel  Woodbury  Willoughby,   The  American   Con 
stitutional  System  (N.  Y.,  1904). 

(4)  William  Franklin  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Depen 
dencies  of  the   United  States.  —  Their  Government  and  Ad 
ministration  (N.  Y.,  1905). 

(5)  Frank  J.   Goodnow,   City   Government   in   the    United 
States  (N.  Y.,  1904). 

(6)  Jesse  Macy,  Party  Organization  and  Machinery  (N.  Y., 
1904). 

(7)  Paul  S.  Reinsch,  American  Legislatures  and  Legislative 
Methods  (N.  Y.,  1907). 

(8)  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  The  American  Judiciary  (N.  Y., 
1905). 

(9)  John  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Governments  in  Counties,  Towns, 
and  Villages  (N.  Y.,  1906). 

(10)  J.  H.  Finley,  The  American  Executive  and  Executive 
Methods  (N.  Y.,  1908). 

§  23.  Students'   Handbooks  in    Brief  American   Government 
(Course  F). 

TEXT-BOOKS  (costing  $5) : 

(1)  Manual  of  American  History,  Diplomacy,  and  Govern 
ment  (Cambridge,  Harvard  University,  1908). — This  volume. 

(2)  Albert   Bushnell    Hart,    Actual    Government  (3d   ed., 
N.  Y.,  Longmans,  1908). 

(3)  Frank  J.   Goodnow,   City  Government  in  the   United 
States  (N.  Y.,  Century  Co.,  1904). 

ESSENTIAL  REFERENCE  BOOKS: 

(1)  W.    W.    Willoughby,    The    American    Constitutional 
System  (1904). 


38  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS  [§23 

(2)  Jesse  Macy,  Party  Organization  and  Machinery  (1904). 

(3)  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  (1896). 

(4)  J.    A.    Fairlie,    The    National   Administration    of   the 
United  States  of  America  (N.  Y.,  1905). 

§  24.  Special  Collection  in  Government  (Courses  E  and  F). 

For  bibliography  of  the  materials  on  government  in  the 
United  States  see  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Actual  Government 
(N.  Y.,  3d  ed.,  1908),  for  a  brief  list  of  general  books  and 
some  topical  bibliographies.  In  J.  N.  Larned,  The  Lit 
erature  of  American  History,  A  Bibliographical  Guide  (N.  Y., 
1902),  will  be  found  comment,  criticism,  and  descriptions  of 
treatises  and  discussions  of  American  government.  Brook- 
ings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate  (N.  Y.,  1896),  in  part 
incorporated  in  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions 
(N.  Y.  1906),  has  seventy-five  briefs,  with  detailed  refer 
ences,  chiefly  on  governmental  subjects. 

W.  J.  Ashley,  American  Federal  State  (N.  Y.,  1902). 

Edward  Channing,  Town  and  County  Government  in  the 
English  Colonies  of  North  America  (Baltimore,  1884). 

Thomas  M.  Cooley,  A  Treatise  on  Constitutional  Limita 
tions  (6th  ed.,  Boston,  1890). 

Davis  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History  of  the  United  States 
(Am.  Citizen  Series,  N.  Y.,  1902). 

John  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration  (N.  Y.,  1901). 

John  A.  Fairlie,  The  National  Administration  of  the 
United  States  of  America  (N.  Y.,  1905). 

C.  R.  Fish,  Civil  Service  and  the  Patronage  (N.  Y.,  1905). 

Henry  Jones  Ford,  The  Rise  and  Growth  of  American  Poli 
tics  (N.  Y.,  1898). 

John  Dean  Goss,  The  History  of  Tariff  Administration  in 
the  United  States  (Columbia  University  Series,  N.  Y.,  1891). 

Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Practical  Essays  in  American  Gov 
ernment  (N.  Y.,  1893), 


vsi-vr  v  «.»»»*•  t 

V  OF  / 

Xt^C/q  L 1  FQRHife^ 
§  24]  GOVEltNMENf  COLLECTIONS  39 

H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law  of  the  United  States 
(Mason's  translation,  Chicago,  1887). 

John  Alexander  Jameson,  A  Treatise  on  Constitutional 
Conventions  (4th  ed.,  Chicago,  1887). 

A.  Lawrence  Lowell,  Essays  on  Government  (Boston,  1889). 

Jesse  Macy,  Political  Parties  (N.  Y.,  1900). 

James  D.  Richardson,  A  Compilation  of  the  Messages  and 
Papers  of  the  Presidents,  1789-1897  (10  vols.,  Washington, 
1896-1899). 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  Essays  on  Practical  Politics  (N.  Y., 

1888). 

Joseph  Story,  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  (2  vols., 
Cooley,  4th  ed.,  Boston,  1873). 

Alexis  de  Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America  (2  vols., 
1835-1840;  several  translations). 

James  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties  and  Party  Problems 
(N.  Y.,  1903). 


PART  II 

LECTURES   AND   READINGS 

§  25.   Character  of  the  Lectures. 

The  historical  and  diplomatic  lectures  are  not  intended 
to  form  a  continuous  narrative,  or  to  present  detailed  state 
ments  of  fact,  except  in  cases  where  information  in  books  is 
scanty  or  inaccessible;  they  are  designed  to  show  the  rela 
tion  between  facts,  to  point  out  causes  and  effects,  to  set  in 
relief  the  principal  public  men,  and  to  develop  principles. 
Every  student  will  be  expected  to  take  his  own  notes,  and 
to  add  to  them  from  his  reading.  The  lectures  will  be 
illustrated  by  special  maps  and  charts.  The  lecturer  will 
always  welcome  requests  from  students  for  a  clearer  state 
ment  of  any  point,  or  for  the  treatment  of  omitted  subjects. 
The  topics  proposed  to  be  taken  up  in  each  lecture  may  be 
seen  below  (Manual,  §§  28-86). 

In  COURSES  E  and  F  the  lectures  are  indispensable  tovan 
understanding  of  the  subject,  since  they  are  in  some  degree 
based  upon  materials  little  accessible  in  books,  and  con 
tain  illustrations  taken  from  the  current  practice  of  govern 
ment  in  the  United  States.  The  lectures  will  be  illustrated 
by  maps  and  charts.  A  list  of  the  topics  treated  will  be 
found  below  (Manual,  §§  87-133). 

§  26.  Historical  Geography. 

An  essential  part  of  the  work  in  all  the  courses  will  be 
some  study  of  the  historical  geography  of  the  United  States. 
This  will  include  a  sketch  of  the  physical  characteristics  of 
the  country  and  their  influence  on  its  history;  a  general 
knowledge  of  the  territorial  growth  of  the  United  States; 


§  271  HISTORICAL  41 

the  more  important  political  subdivisions;  an  understanding 
of  the  relations  between  the  slavery  question  and  historical 
geography;  and  a  knowledge  of  the  geography  of  our  de 
pendencies.  The  data  will  be  furnished  in  lectures,  illus 
trated  by  maps.  The  things  to  be  remembered  are  few 
and  simple,  but  they  are  very  important. 

The  authorities  on  the  historical  geography  of  the  United 
States  are  enumerated  and  described  in  Channing  and  Hart, 
Guide.  The  Epochs  of  American  History  contains  a  series 
of  maps,  which  are  gathered  together  and  republished  in 
Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Epoch  Maps  illustrating  American 
History.  The  American  Nation  contains  about  150  maps, 
which,  used  together,  practically  make  up  an  atlas  of  Ameri 
can  History.  The  best  school  text-books  in  American 
history  —  as  Channing,  Gordy,  Johnston  (MacDonald's  ed.), 
McLaughlin,  —  have  good  and  abundant  historical  maps. 

For  geographical  details  see  Lists  of  Lectures  in  all  the 
subjects  (Manual,  §§  28-133). 

§  27.   Personality. 

History  is  the  record  of  the  activity  of  men,  and  neither 
narrative  nor  description  is  complete  unless  we  can  feel  the 
personality  of  those  who  have  most  affected  the  course  of 
events.  Throughout  all  the  courses,  therefore,  the  attempt 
will  be  made  to  bring  out  the  human  side,  to  portray  indi 
viduality,  to  show  the  marvelous  effect  of  leadership. 

UNITED  STATES  HISTORY  (Courses  A  and  B).  The  great 
Americans  will  be  taken  up  from  time  to  time  in  connec 
tion  with  the  events  and  policies  which  best  illustrate  their 
character  and  services;  and  suitable  readings  on  this  phase 
of  the  course  are  indicated  in  the  list  of  lectures  (Manual, 
§§28-54). 

DIPLOMATIC  HISTORY  (Courses  C  and  D).  The  personal 
side  is  rather  less  evident;  but  the  diplomats,  American  and 
foreign,  who  have  affected  negotiations  and  treaties,  and 


42  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§27 

have  done  most  to  establish  principles  of  international  law, 
will  be  discussed  as  they  come  along  (Manual,  §§  64-86). 

AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  (Courses  E  and  F).  The  force  of 
individuality  is  less  marked  because  we  deal  with  general 
practice  established  by  millions  of  separate  individuals  in 
localities,  municipalities,  and  States;  nevertheless,  a  few 
men  who  have  set  their  mark  on  the  theories  and  workings 
of  our  governments  will  be  mentioned  (Manual,  §§  96-133). 

For  the  characterization  of  public  men  the  most  con 
venient  books  are  the  formal  biographies:  select  list  in 
Channing  and  Hart,  Guide,  §  25.  Longer  list  in  Fletcher, 
Literature  of  American  History.  The  aids  for  a  study  of 
biography  are  described  below  (Manual,  §  235).  For  a 
list  of  encyclopedias  and  biographical  dictionaries,  Chan 
ning  and  Hart,  Guide,  §  17.  There  are  several  series  of 
handy  collected  biographies,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
list: 

Jared  Sparks,  editor,  American  Biographies  (25  vols.,  Bos 
ton,  1834-1848).  —  Written  by  Sparks  and  others  under  his 
editorship,  often  very  well  done. 

John  T.  Morse,  Jr.,  editor,  American  Statesmen  (37  vols. 
and  index  vol.,  Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  1898- 
1907).  —  All  the  volumes  of  this  series,  begun  about  1880, 
have  been  recently  revised,  and  a  new  edition  issued,  but 
the  older  editions  are  almost  equally  desirable. 

Beacon  Biographies  (25  vols.  to  1901,  Boston,  Small,  May- 
nard  &  Co.,  1899-).  —  Brief  and  pungent  biographies,  espe 
cially  aimed  to  bring  out  character  and  public  service. 

Makers  of  America  (18  vols.,  N.  Y.,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co., 
1890-1892). 

Riverside  Biographies  (9  vols.  to  1901,  Boston,  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.,  1900-). 

Biographical  History  of  the  United  States  (N.  Y.,  Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.,  1902-). 

The  "True"  Biographies  (Phila.,  Lippincott). 


§  28]  HISTORICAL  43 

§  28.  (1789-1907)  Ninety  Lectures  on  Constitutional  and 
Political  History  of  the  United  States  (Course  A). 

Course  A  (History  13)  covers  the  period  from  the  end  of 
the  Confederation  to  the  closing  of  the  Spanish  War. 
The  first  half-year  will  include  the  period  1789  to  1837;  the 
second  half-year  will  continue  from  1837  to  1903. 

Whenever  the  name  of  a  statesman  appears  in  the  title 
of  a  lecture,  he  is  chosen  as  typifying  the  subject  of  that 
lecture. 

In  connection  with  the  groups  of  lectures  will  be  found 
suggestions  for  parallel  readings;  and  on  each  of  the  lec 
tures  is  a  body  of  special  significant  references.  These 
readings  do  not  include  references  to  the  text-books, 
acquaintance  with  which  is  taken  for  granted.  The  list  of 
lectures  also  shows  the  relation  of  the  weekly  papers  to  the 
lectures. 

Exact  titles  of  most  of  the  books  to  which  reference  is 
made  will  be  found  in  the  Guide  (use  the  asterisks  in  the 
index),  or  in  Fletcher,  Literature  of  American  History  (use 
the  index). 

The  abbreviated  references  in  the  List  of  Lectures  are  as 
follows : 

Actual  Government  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Actual  Gov 
ernment  as  applied  under  American  Conditions  (3d  ed.,  N.  Y., 
1908). 

Contemporaries  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  His 
tory  told  by  Contemporaries  (4  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1897-1901). 

Guide  —  Edward  Channing  and  Albert  Bushnell  Hart, 
Guide  to  the  Study  of  American  History  (Boston,  1896). 

Manual  —  This  volume  (Cambridge,  1907). 

Source-Book  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Source-Book  of 
American  History  (N.  Y.,  1900). 


44  LECTURES  AND   READINGS  [§29 

§  29.  (1607-1789)  Readings  on  Elements  of  United  States 
History. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Manual,  §§  29,  30;  Guide,  §§  86-156;  A. 
B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xix;  New 
Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Association,  Historical  Sources,  §§  73- 
79. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  — A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  v,  vi;  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  xi,  xiii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States, 

I,  chs.  i-vi;  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  1-64. 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  159- 

198;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  25-72;  Cambridge 
Modern  Hist.,  VII,  chs.  i-iii;  Goldwin  Smith,  United  States, 
ch.  i;  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
ch.  xii;  G.  O.  Trevelyan,  Am.  Revolution,  I,  chs.  ii,  iii. 

SOURCES.— Contemporaries,  I,  §§  90-96,  150-152,  169-172; 

II,  §§45-53,  80,  108;  Source-Book,  §§  5-70;  Am.  Hist.  Leaf 
lets,  Nos.  5,  14,  16;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos. 
1-5;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  xii-xvii. 

§  30.  (1607-1789)  Lectures  on  Elements  of  United  States 
History.  (Lects.  1-7.) 

LECT.  1.  AIMS  AND  METHODS  OF  THE  COURSE:  scope; 
point  of  view;  use  of  books;  parallel  reading;  class 
room  papers;  library  reports;  lectures;  note-taking; 
examinations;  essential  books. 

See   description   of  the   course  and  its   methods  in 
Manual,  §§  1-7,  18-27. 

LECT.  2.     AUTHORITIES    AND    HOW    TO    USE    THEM:    text 
books;    secondary   books;    sources;    libraries;    indexes; 
collections;  standard  authors. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  10-24,  135;  Guide,  §§  15-36, 

43-76;    Am.   Nation,   critical  essays    at    the   end   of    each 


§  30]  HISTORICAL  45 

volume;  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  1-9;  IV,  §§  1-6;  J.  N. 
Larned,  Literature  of  Am.  Hist.;  W.  E.  Foster,  Refer 
ences  to  Presidential  Administrations;  New  England  Hist. 
Teachers'  Association,  Historical  Sources  in  Schools,  and 
Syllabus  for  Secondary  Schools. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.   1.  —  USE  OF  CONSTITUTIONAL 
AUTHORITIES.  —  Manual,  §  135.] 

LECT.  3.     (1492-1789)  TERRITORIAL  ELEMENTS  OF  AMERI 
CAN    HISTORY:     discovery;     partition;     independence; 
annexations;  states;  territories;  subordinate    divisions. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  26,  29,  167,  168,  171;  Guide, 
§§77,  78,  144,  150.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  i,  ii;  L.  Farrand, 
Basis  of  Am.  Hist.  (Am.  Nation,  II),  chs.  i,  ii;  C.  H.  Van 
Tyne,  Am.   Revolution   (Am.   Nation,   IX),   ch.   xv;   B.   A. 
Hinsdale,  How  to  Study  and  Teach  Hist.,  chs.  x,  xiv,  xv.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  P.  Brigham,  Geographic  Influ 
ences  on  Am.  Hist.;  E.  C.  Semple,  Am.  Hist,  and  its  Geo 
graphic  Conditions,  chs.  i-v.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  I, 
§§48,  54,  74,  153,  158;  II,   §§38,  39,  109,  134-137;  Am. 
Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  16,  32;  Old  South  Leaflets,  II,  Nos.  40-46. 

LECT.  4.     (1607-1789)    DEVELOPMENT   OF   THE   AMERICAN 
PEOPLE:  races;  immigration;  population;  occupations; 
literature;  churches;  Benjamin  Franklin. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  99,  100,  192,  201,  225;  Guide, 
§145.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS:    A.    B.    Hart,    National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  iii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  Expan 
sion  of  the  Am.  People,   17-47.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
Cambridge  Modern  Hist.,  VII,  ch.  ii;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical 
Sociology,  §§9-32,  60-71;  J.  T.  Morse,  Benjamin  Franklin; 
S.  G.   Fisher,   True  Benjamin  Franklin.  —  SOURCES:   Con 
temporaries,  II,  §§  80-108;  Source-Book,  §§  28-35,  41-47. 


46  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  30 

LECT.  5.     (1780-1800)  POLITICAL  THEORIES  OF  THE  AMER 
ICANS:  freedom;  equality;  participation;  compact;  rev 
olution;  federation;  division  of  powers. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  101,  162,  199;  Guide,  §§  142, 
146-149,    154-156.  —  SECONDARY   READINGS:   A.   B.    Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  v,  vi;  H.  Adams, 
United  States,  L,  chs.  iii-vi;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  chs.  i-ii;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories, 
chs.  i-iii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§25-30;  Source- 
Book,  §§  64-70;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  parts  i,  ii;   M. 
Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  xiv-xvii. 

LECT.  6.  (1607-1789)  INHERITANCE  OF  POLITICAL  INSTITU 
TIONS:  personal  rights;  judicial  system;  representation; 
written  constitutions;  parliamentary  practice;  the  Em 
pire;  James  Otis. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  101,  102,  136,  203;  Guide, 
§§146,  147,  156.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  vii,  viii;  J.  S. 
Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch.  ii;  J.  Story,  Commentaries, 
§§146-197.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Taylor,  Growth 
of  Constitution,  I,  1-77;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Anglo-Saxon  Free 
dom;  S.  G.  Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution;  Wm.  Tudor, 
James  Otis.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§130-133, 
138-144;  Source-Book,  §51;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents, 
chs.  i-xii;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  11-17;  Old  South 
Leaflets,  Nos.  1-9. 

LECT.  7.  (1776-1790)  MAKING  OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTI 
TUTION:  British  Empire;  New  England  Confederation 
(1643);  Colonial  Unions;  Continental  Congress  (1775); 
Articles  of  Confederation  (1781);  Federal  Convention 
(1787);  Constitution  of  1789. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  136,  203;  Guide,  §§  154-156. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation 
and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xi-xviii;  Cambridge 


§  31]  HISTORICAL  47 

Modern  Hist.,  VII,  ch.  viii;  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist. 
(Woodburn  ed.),  chs.  iv,  v.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C. 
McLaughlin,  A  Written  Constitution  (Michigan  Law  Re 
view,  V,  June,  1907);  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist., 
chs.  v-vii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs.  iv-vi;  R. 
Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  chs.  xlvii,  xlviii;  H.  C.  Lodge, 
George  Washington,  II,  ch.  i;  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison, 
chs.  vii-ix;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  i; 
C.  E.  Merriam,  Theory  of  Sovereignty,  chs.  ix,  x.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  54-75;  Source-Book,  §§  64- 
70;  Am.  History  Leaflets,  Nos.  8,  28;  Journal  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  in  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  I;  Madison's  notes 
in  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  V,  and  Gilpin,  Madison  Papers;  A. 
Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  39-71. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2.  —  THEORIES  OP  THE  BASIS 
OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION.  —  Manual,  §  136.] 

§  31.  (1789-1793)  Readings  on  Organization  of  the  Govern 
ment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  32,  109,  112;  Guide,  §  56a 
(pp.  182,  183),  §  56/  (p.  190),  §§  154,  156;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§102,  120,  128,  135;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confedera 
tion  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  xix;  J.  S.  Bassett, 
Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  xx;  New  Eng. 
Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §  80. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  i-iii,  xii;  F.  A.  Walker,  Making  of 
the  Nation,  chs.  ii-vi;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  vii; 
J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  viii-x. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  S.  Landon.  Constitutional 
Hist.,  125-146;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  ch.  ii;  R.  Hil 
dreth,  United  States,  III,  chs.  xlvii,  xlviii;  IV,  chs.  i-vii; 
G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  chs.  xvi-xxxvi  (pp.  257- 
697) ;  II,  chs.  i-vii  (pp.  1-191);  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison,  ch. 
x;  J.  T.  Morse,  Alexander  Hamilton,  chs.  v-viii;  H.  C.  Lodge, 
George  Washington,  chs.  ii,  iii. 


48  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  31 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§54-82;  M. 
Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xvii;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  8, 
18,  28,  30;  Source-Book,  §§  71-76;  Organizing  Statutes  in 
U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  I;  Old  South  Leaflets,  Nos.  10,  38,  74; 
W.  Maclay,  Journal,  passim. 

§  32.  (1789-1793)  Lectures  on  Organization  of  the  Govern 
ment.  (Lects.  8-16.) 

LECT.  8.     (1790-1800)  SOCIAL  AND  ECONOMIC  CONDITIONS 
OF   THE    AMERICANS:    numbers;    distribution;    occupa- 
pations;  social  life;  education;  literature;  commerce;  etc. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§31,  32,  109-112;  Guide,  §48. 
-SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  xi,  xiii;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confeder 
ation  and  Constitution   (Am.   Nation,   X),  chs.   xi,   xiii;  H. 
Adams,  United  States,  I,  chs.  i,  ii;  J.  B.  McMaster,   United 
States,  I,  1-101;  II,  1-24,  538-582;  E.  E.  Sparks,  Expan 
sion  of  the  Am.  People,  chs.  viii-xvi.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  III,  §§  10-24;  Source-Book,  §  72. 

LECT.  9.     (1771-1801)  THE  EARLY  WEST:  French  settlers; 

Watauga;   Kentucky   and   Tennessee;   Ohio  Company; 

other    companies;    Northwest    Territory    (1788);    new 

states;  frontier  in  old  states;  land;  Western  ideals. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  167,  168,  173;  Guide,  §  161.— 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  E.  Howard,  Preliminaries  of  the 

Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  VIII),  ch.  xiii;  C.  H.  Van  Tyne, 

Am.  Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  ch.  xv;  A.  C.  McLaugh- 

lin,  Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  vii; 

E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch. 

iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  31-36;  Source-Book, 

§§  66,  67;  Old  South  Leaflets,  II,  Nos.  40,  41. 

LECT.  10.     (1789-1793)  ORGANIZATION  OP  CONGRESS:  pre 
cedents;  election;  speaker;  vice  president;  committees; 
rules;  salaries;  statutes. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§111,   112,    130,   131;   Guide, 


§  32]  HISTORICAL  49 

§  157;  Actual  Government,  §  102;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  §  31.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federa 
list  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  i;  M.  P.  Follett,  The 
Speaker,  §§  16-31,  39,  130,  168;  J.  Schouler,  United  States, 
I,  ch.  ii.  —  DESCRIPTIVE:  Actual  Government,  ch.  xiii;  P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Am.  Legislatures,  chs.  i-iii;  C.  H.  Kerr,  United 
States  Senate,  ch.  ii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  76- 
80;  W.  Maclay,  Journal,  1-43;  Annals  of  Congress,  1  Cong., 
2  Cong.,  passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  3.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  THE  SEPA 
RATION  OF  POWERS.  —  Manual,  §  137.] 

LECT.  11.  (1789-1793)  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE: 
precedents;  election  of  1789;  inauguration;  cabinet; 
appointments;  dignity;  question  of  removals;  actual 
removals;  relations  to  Congress;  George  Washington; 
etc. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  109,  110,  137,  212,  213; 
Guide,  §  157;  Actual  Government,  §  120;  E.  McClain,  Consti 
tutional  Law,  §37.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett, 
Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  i;  E.  E.  Sparks, 
United  States,  I,  ch.  vii;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  ch.  ii. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  C.  Lodge,  George  Washington; 
P.  L.  Ford,  The  Real  George  Washington;  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto 
Power,  chs.  iii,  vi.  —  DESCRIPTIVE:  Actual  Government,  chs. 
xv,  xvi;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  vi;  J.  A.  Wood- 
burn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries > 
III,  §§  79,  81;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  I,  28,  49,  65. 

LECT.  12.     (1789-1801)  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  JUDICIARY: 
precedents;  judiciary  act  (1789);  courts;  judges;  sala 
ries;  appointments;  cases;  ex-parte  opinions;  declaring 
statutes  void. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  113,  114,  137,  216,  217;  Guide, 

§  157;  Actual  Government,  §  135;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 


50  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§32 

Law,  §  42.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federa 
list  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  i;  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  I,  ch.  ii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  vii.  — 
DESCRIPTIVE:  Actual  Government,  ch.  xvii;  S.  E.  Baldwin, 
Am.  Judiciary,  chs.  viii,  ix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  vii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Supreme  Court]  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Am.  Republic,  ch.  vi;  H.  L.  Carson,  Supreme  Court,  I,  chs. 
x-xii.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  I,  73;  Reports  of 
decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  in  Dallas  and  Curtis. 

LECT.  13.  (1789-1793)  ORGANIZATION  OF  A  FINANCIAL 
SYSTEM:  balance  sheet  (1789);  funding;  assumption; 
tariff;  excise;  credit;  bank;  Alexander  Hamilton. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117,  118,  148;  Guide,  §  158; 
Actual  Government,  §  180;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist., 
§  33.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xv;  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  Sys 
tem  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  ii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist., 
chs.  iii,  iv;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  ch.  iii.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  C.  Lodge,  Alexander  Hamilton; 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  180-182,  200-237;  E.  E.  Sparks, 
United  States,  chs.  viii,  ix.  —  DESCRIPTIVE:  Actual  Govern 
ment,  chs.  iv,  v;  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.), 
ch.  vii;  H.  White,  Money  and  Banking,  278-291.  — SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§  82,  85;  Source-Book,  §  72;  A.  Hamil 
ton,  Report  on  Public  Credit;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  I, 
24-54;  Annals  of  Congress,  1  Cong.,  2  Cong.,  passim;  F.  W. 
Taussig,  State  Papers  and  Speeches  on  the  Tariff,  §§  1-108. 

LECT.  14.  (1789-1795)  ORGANIZATION  OF  A  COMMERCIAL 
SYSTEM:  light-houses;  shipping;  coasting  trade;  coin 
age;  patents;  copyrights;  corporations;  United  States 
Bank. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  148;  Guide,  §§  158,  159; 
Actual  Government,  §  207;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History, 
§§33,  42.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Fcder- 


f  32]  HISTORICAL  51 

olist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  ii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Finan 
cial  History,  ch.  iv;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  ix.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  1259- 
1271;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  ix;  K.  Coman, 
Industrial  History,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  78,  82;  A.  Hamilton,  Report  on  Manufactures;  Report  on  a 
National  Bank;  Report  on  Coinage;  Debates  in  Annals  of 
Congress,  1  Cong.,  2  Cong.,  passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    4.  —  IMPLIED    POWERS    AND 
THE  GENERAL  WELFARE.  —  Manual,  §  138.] 

LECT.  15.  (1790-1801)  NATIONAL  QUESTIONS  OF  SLAVERY: 
numbers;  colonial  slavery;  emancipation  by  states;  the 
Constitution;  petitions;  slave  trade;  fugitives;  terri 
tories;  District  of  Columbia. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§43,  44,  99,  100,  150,  152; 
•Guide,  §  161,  see  Lects.  31,  47,  below;  M.  S.  Locke,  Anti- 
Slavery  in  America,  199-231.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J. 
S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  xii; 
W.  E.  B.  DuBois,  Suppression  of  the  Slave  Trade,  §§  44-47; 
M.  S.  Locke,  Anti-Slavery  in  America,  §§  107-121;  M.  G. 
McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves,  §§  16-19;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
.States,  I,  ch.  i.  —  SOURCES:  Annals  of  Congress,  1  Cong., 
1  sess.,  336-341,  903;  2  sess.,  1182-1191;  Resolution  of 
March  23,  1790,  Annals  of  Congress,  II,  1473,  1474;  Fugi 
tive  Slave  Law,  Feb.  12,  1793,  Annals  of  Congress,  2  Cong., 
1  sess.,  App.  1414-1415. 

LECT.  16.  (1781-1800)  DEVELOPMENT  OF  POLITICAL  PAR 
TIES:  colonial;  Revolutionary;  constitutional  conven 
tions;  agriculture  and  commerce;  sections;  personal 
issues;  Republicans;  Federalists;  party  methods;  elec 
tion  of  1792;  election  of  1796;  Aaron  Burr. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  103,  104;  Guide,  §  160;  Actual 

Government,    §  42.  —  SECONDARY   READINGS:    A.    B.    Hart, 


52  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§32 

National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  ix;  J.  S.  Bassett, 
Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  iii,  xix;  A.  John 
ston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  ch.  xi;  H.  Von  Hoist, 
Constitutional  History,  I,  ch.  v;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  I, 
chs.  iii-v.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Hammond,  Political 
Parties  in  the  State  of  New  York,  I,  chs.  i— v;  J.  Macy,  Politi 
cal  Parties,  ch.  ii;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  ch.  ii; 
W.  F.  McCaleb,  Aaron  Burr  Conspiracy.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  85-91. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5. —  DEVELOPMENT  OF  PARTIES. 
—  Manual,  §  139.] 

§  33.     (1793-1801)  Readings  on  Federalist  Supremacy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Manual,  §§175, 176;  Guide,  §56a  (p.  183), 
§  566  (p.  190);  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation, 
XI),  ch.  xx. 

SECONDARY  READINGS. — J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  ix-xix;  H.  C.  Lodge,  Alexander 
Hamilton,  chs.  vii-ix;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs. 
viii-xiii;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Adams,  chs.  x,  xi. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Adams,  chs. 
x,  xi;  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  viii-xii;  R.  Hil- 
dreth,  United  States,  IV,  passim;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  viii,  ix. 

SOURCES.— Contemporaries,  III,  §§  22,  23,  83-106;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  13-23.  A.  Johnston,  Polit 
ical  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  chs.  viii-xi;  H.  C.  Lodge, 
George  Washington,  II,  chs.  ii-v. 

§  34  (1793-1801)  Lectures  on  Federalist  Supremacy.  (Lects. 
17-20.) 

LECT.  17.  (1789-1796)  FOREIGN  POLICY:  status  (1789); 
British  questions;  French  Revolution;  policy  of  isola 
tion;  neutrality;  Genet;  neutral  trade;  Jay  Treaty 
(1794);  Spanish  treaty  (1795);  debates  on  Jay  Treaty 
(1796);  Edmund  Randolph. 


§  34]  HISTORICAL  53 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  175,  176;  Guide,  §§  162,  163. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  iv-vi,  viii;  J.  B.  Me  Master,  United 
States,  III,  ch.  ix;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy, 
ch.  v;  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch. 
viii;  M.  D.  Conway,  Edmund  Randolph,  I  (see  Index). — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  92-97;  M.  Hill,  Liberty 
Documents,  ch.  xviii;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign  Affairs, 
I;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  13,  14;  A.  John 
ston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  84-130. 

LECT.  18.  (1793-1800)  INTERNAL  ORDER  AND  FRENCH 
IMBROGLIO:  frontier;  excise;  Whiskey  Rebellion  (1794); 
militia  acts  (1792,  1795);  Fries  Insurrection  (1799); 
Monroe's  recall  (1796);  X.  Y.  Z.  (1797);  Adams's 
messages  (1798);  French  War  (1798);  peace  (1800). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §140;  Guide,  §§163,  164. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  vi,  vii,  xv,  xvi;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  viii;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I, 
ch.  iii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs.  xi,  xii;  A.  John 
ston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  ix;  A.  C. 
Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  x.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  93-95;  Source-Book,  §  75;  Am.  State 
Papers,  Foreign  Affairs,  I;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  Nos.  15,  16. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  6.  —  MAINTENANCE  OF  PUBLIC 
ORDER.  —  Manual,  §  140.] 

LECT.  19.  (1797-1800)  ALIEN  AND  SEDITION  ACTS  AND 
THE  VIRGINIA  AND  KENTUCKY  RESOLUTIONS:  Public 
excitement;  five  statutes;  Virginia  and  first  Kentucky 
resolutions  (1798J;  second  Kentucky  resolutions  (1799); 
Madison's  Report  (1800);  answers  of  the  co-states; 
question  of  breaking  up  the  Union. 


54  LECTURES   AND  READINGS  [§34 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  141,  149,  156;  Guide,  §  165. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  xvii,  xviii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  x,  xi;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  ch.  iv;  H. 
Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  I,  142-167;  E.  E.  Sparks, 
United  States,  I,  ch.  xiii;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History 
(Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  x.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  D. 
Warfield,  Kentucky  Resolutions;  R.  Hildreth,  United  Slates, 
IV,  chs.  xii,  xiii;  F.  M.  Anderson,  Contemporary  Opinion 
of  Va.  and  Ky.  Resolutions  (Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  V,  45-63,  225- 
252,  Oct.,  1899,  Jan.,  1900).  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries T 
III,  §§  101-104;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  15;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  16-23;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I, 
131-143. 

LECT.  20.  (1800-1801)  OVERTHROW  OF  THE  FEDERALIST 
PARTY:  dissensions;  Adams  and  the  cabinet;  French 
mission;  judiciary  act  (1801);  Hamilton's  attack;  nomi 
nations;  election  of  1800;  election  of  1801;  appoint 
ment  of  Marshall. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §  166.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  xix; 
H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  168-180;  James 
Schouler,  United  States,  I,  ch.  iv,  §  2;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  xi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A. 
Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xii;  J.  T. 
Morse,  John  Adams.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  99- 
105;  Source-Book,  §  77. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  7.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  INTERPO 
SITION. — Manual,  §  141.] 

§  35.    (1801-1815)  Readings  on  Foreign  Complications. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§73,  74;  Guide,  §§167-173; 
E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch. 
xxi;  K  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation, 


§  36]  HISTORICAL  55 

XIII),  ch.  xix;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical 
Sources,  §§81-82. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  E.  Charming,  Jeffersonian  Sys 
tem  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iii-vi,  xiii-xx;  K.  C.  Babcock, 
Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  iii-x; 
J.  B.  Me  Master,  United  States,  III,  chs.  xiv,  xviii-xxi;  E. 
E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs.  xvi,  xvii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson, 
chs.  xiii-xviii;  J.  A.  Stevens,  Albert  Gallatin,  176-337;  J. 
Schouler,  United  States,  II;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  I,  ch.  v;  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.), 
I,  chs.  xiii-xv;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  I. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  111-129;  Source-Book, 
§§78-87;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  24-32; 
Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign  Relations,  II— IV. 

§  36.  (1801-1815)  Lectures  on  Foreign  Complications. 
(Lects.  21-26.) 

LECT.  21.  (1801-1809)  THOMAS  JEFFERSON:  character; 
public  experience;  principles  of  government;  foreign 
missions;  army  and  navy;  finances;  election  of  1804; 
the  Federalists;  John  Randolph. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  73,  74;  Guide,  §§  167,  171.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  i,  ii;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  I, 
143-148,  185-217,  247-263;  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson, 
ch.  xiii. — ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist. 
(Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xiii;  J.  B.  Me  Master,  United  States, 
III,  chs.  xiv,  xvii;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  II,  ch.  v; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  xiv;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Politi 
cal  Theories,  ch.  iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  106- 
110;  Source-Book,  §§77-81;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I, 
156-163;  T.  Jefferson,  Works,  passim  (see  Manual,  §  142). 


56  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§36 

LECT.  22.  (1800-1803)  ANNEXATION  OF  LOUISIANA:  de 
posit  question  (1798);  Miranda  (1798);  cession  to 
France  (1800);  crisis  in  Congress;  Monroe's  Mission 
(1802);  Livingston's  negotiation  (1803);  treaty  of  ces 
sion  (1804-1805);  boundaries;  West  Florida;  territorial 
government;  Napoleon  Bonaparte. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  178;  Guide,  §  168.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iv-vi;  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jeffer 
son,  ch.  xiv;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  H.  Adams,  United  States,  II,  chs.  i-vi;  H.  Von 
Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  ch.  v;  T.  Roosevelt,  Winning 
of  the  West,  IV,  ch.  vi;  W.  M.  Sloane,  Napoleon,  II,  chs. 
xviii,  xxi,  xxv,  xxvi;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  III,  ch. 
xiv;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  II,  ch.  v,  §2;  E.  E. 
Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  xv.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§111-115;  Source-Book,  §78;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  24. 

LECT.  23.  (1803-1811)  NEUTRAL  TRADE  AND  THE  EM 
BARGO:  impressments;  blockade;  contraband;  free  ships; 
Rule  of  1756;  admiralty  decisions;  continental  system; 
orders  in  council;  decrees;  non-importation  (1806); 
Leopard-Chesapeake  embargo  (1807);  non-intercourse 
(1808);  election  of  1808;  negotiations;  Macon  Bill 
No.  2  (1810);  James  Jackson. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  177,  179;  Guide,  §§  170, 
171.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian 
System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xv,  xvi;  K.  C.  Babcock, 
Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  iii;  J. 
B.  McMaster,  United  States,  III,  chs.  xviii,  xix;  J.  T.  Morse, 
Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  xvi,  xvii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
H.  Adams,  United  States,  IV,  chs.  iv-xix;  H.  Adams,  John 
Randolph;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch.  xvi;  A.  John 
ston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xv;  J.  W.  Foster, 


§  36]  HISTORICAL  57 

Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  vi.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§116-122;  Source-Book,  §§79,  81;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  27,  28. 

LECT.  24.  (1801-1812)  ECONOMIC  DEVELOPMENT:  balance 
sheet  (1801);  economy;  reduction  of  taxes;  tariff  acts; 
surplus;  harbors;  coast  survey;  report  on  internal  im 
provements  (1808);  steamboats;  Cumberland  Road; 
manufactures;  Albert  Gallatin. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History,  §  53.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  37-40;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial 
Hist.,  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  III,  ch.  xxii; 
C.  D.  Wright,  Industrial  Evolution,  chs.  x,  xi.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Adams,  Albert  Gallatin,  book  iii;  J.  A. 
Stevens,  Albert  Gallatin,  chs.  vi,  vii;  K.  Coman,  Industrial 
Hist.,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Source-Book,  §§88,  89;  A.  Gal 
latin,  Writings  (H.  Adams,  ed.),  I,  passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  8.  —  JEFFERSONIAN  DEMOC 
RACY.  —  Manual,  §  142.] 

LECT.  25.  (1811-1815)  WAR  OF  1812:  causes;  Indians 
(1811);  ultimatum;  Congress;  declaration  (1812);  elec 
tion  of  1812;  Canada;  sea-fighting;  Washington;  Maine; 
Oregon;  Gulf;  negotiations;  peace  of  Ghent  (1815); 
David  Porter. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74;  Guide,  §172.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Edward  Channing,  Jeffersonian 
System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xix,  xx;  K.  C.  Babcock, 
Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  v-viii,  x, 
xi;  T.  Roosevelt,  Naval  War  of  1812.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  IV,  chs.  xxiv-xxvii; 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  II,  chs.  viii,  ix;  H.  Adams,  United 
States,  VI,  VII;  D.  D.  Porter,  Commodore  David  Porter;  I. 
N.  Hollis,  The  Constitution.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 


58  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  36 

III,  §§123-129;  Source-Book,  §§83-87;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  29-31;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  lr 
164-179,  205-215. 

LECT.  26.     (1809-1815)     INTERNAL    OPPOSITION    TO    THE 
WAR:     Federalists;     John     Henry    (1809);     Louisiana 
(1811);  militia;  enlistments;  loans;  trade  with  enemy; 
Hartford  Convention  (1814);  Josiah  Quincy. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §§73,    74;     Guide,     §173.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality   (Am.   Nation,   XIII),   ch.   ix;   E.   E.   Sparks,    United- 
States,  I,  ch.  xvii;  H.  Adams,   United  States,  VIII,  ch.  xi; 
J.  B.  Me  Master,   United  States,  IV,  ch.  xxviii;  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  461-476.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Von 
Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  219-272;  T.  Dwight,  Hartford 
Convention;    E.    Quincy,    Josiah    Quincy,    chs.    ix-xiv.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  §  123;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  35; 
A.   Johnston,   Am.    Orations,   I,    180-204;   W.    MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  32. 

§  37.    (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Growth  of  National  Sentiment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Manual,  §§77,  78;  Guide,  §§174-179; 
F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch. 
xx ;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation, 
XIII),  ch.  xix;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical 
Sources,  §  83. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  xiii-xviii;  F.  J.  Turner, 
Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  i-v,  xii-xiv; 
Carl  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  I,  chs.  vii-xi. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS. — E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  ch. 
xix;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch. 
xvii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  IV,  V;  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  III;  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe,  chs.  vir 
vii;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams,  ch.  ii;  T.  Rooseveltr 
Thomas  H.  Benton,  chs.  iii,  iv. 


§  38]  HISTORICAL  59 

SOURCES. — Contemporaries,  III,  §§  130-150;  Source-Book, 
§§  88-93;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  part  iv. 

§  38.  (1815-1829)  Lectures  on  Growth  of  National  Senti 
ment.  (Lects.  27-36.) 

LECT.  27.     (1815-1819)   FINANCIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  RE 
ORGANIZATION:  balance  sheet  (1815);  banks;  currency; 
treasury  notes;  Tariff  of  1816;  Second  Bank   (1816); 
Bonus  Bill;  election  of  1816;  commercial  panic  (1819). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,    §§77,   78;  Guide,    §§174,   176; 
D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  §  65.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation, 
XIII),  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am. 
Nation,  XIV),  ch.  ix;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  ch.  vii; 
F.   W.   Taussig,    Tariff  Hist.,    1-67.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe,  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Me  Master, 
United   States,    IV,    ch.   xxx;   A.   Johnston,   Political   Hist. 
(Woodburn   ed.),    I,   ch.  xvii.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries, 
III,    §§  129,    130,    132,    134;   W.   MacDonald,   Select   Docu 
ments,  No.  33. 

LECT.  28.  (1815-1829)  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS:  local 
canals;  turnpikes;  Cumberland  Road;  Madison's  veto 
(1817);  Erie  Canal;  other  state  canals;  Monroe's  veto 
(1822);  rivers  and  harbors;  survey  system;  subscrip 
tions  to  stock;  DeWitt  Clinton. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  138,  143;  Guide,  §§  176,  179. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xv;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise 
of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xiii;  W.  MacDonald, 
Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  viii.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  IV, 
ch.  xxxiii;  J.  Renwick,  DeWitt  Clinton;  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xvi.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  III,  §  131. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  9. — INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. — 
Manual,  §  143.] 


60  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§38 

LECT.  29.     (1803-1824)   THE  GREAT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DE 
CISIONS:   federalist   courts;   Marbury  case    (1803);   im 
peachments;  jurisdiction  of  courts;  powers  of  Congress; 
powers  of  executive;  limitations  on  states;  impairment 
of  contracts;  execution  of  decisions;  John  Marshall. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§  144,    161,   216,   217;   Guide, 
§175.  —  SECONDARY   READINGS:    K.    C.    Babcock,    Rise  of 
Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xviii;  J.  B.  Thayer, 
John  Marshall;   H.   C.    Lodge,    Daniel   Webster,    ch.    iii.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  133;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments,  ch.  xix;    decisions  in  J.  Marshall,  Writings;  J.  Mar 
shall,  Works  (Cotton  ed.);   Cranch  and  Wheaton,  Reports; 
reprints  in  Curtis  Reports,  and  select  cases  of  Boyd,  McClain, 
and  Thayer. 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    10.  —  IMPAIRMENT    OF    CON 
TRACTS.  —  Manual,  §  144.] 

LECT.  30.  (1807-1819)  DISINTEGRATION  OF  SPANISH  AMER 
ICA:  English  in  Plata  (1806);  French  in  Spain  (1807); 
Cortes  (1809);  revolts;  Bourbon  restoration  (1814); 
second  revolts;  War  of  Separation  (1817);  revolts  com 
pleted;  American  commissioners;  question  of  recogni 
tion;  San  Martin. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  172,  182,  183;  Guide,  §  168.  - 
SECONDARY  READINGS:   E.   Channing,   Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),   ch.  xi;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality   (Am.   Nation,   XIII),   ch.   xvii;  J.   H.   Latane, 
Diplomatic  Relations  of  the   U.  S.  with   Latin  America;  J. 
Schouler,    United  States,  III,   ch.  x.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  A.  L.  Paxson,  Independence  of  South  Am.  Republics.  - 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  142-146,  Am.  State  Papers, 
Foreign    Relations,   III,    IV    (see  Index);   W.    MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  34. 

LECT.  31.  (1808-1829)  SLAVERY  AND  ANTI-SLAVERY:  slave- 
trade  act  (1807);  Indiana;  fugitives;  piracy  act  (1820); 


§  38]  HISTORICAL  61 

societies;  American  Convention;  petitions;  increase  of 

slaves;  Benjamin  Lundy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§150,  152;  Guide,  §177.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition 
(Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  xi;  W.  E.  B.  DuBois,  Suppression 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  chs.  viii-x.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H. 
Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  ch.  viii;  J.  H.  T.  McPher- 
son,  Liberia;  M.  G.  McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves,  §§  17-25, 
78.  —  SOURCES:  B.  Lundy,  Journal;  House  Executive  Docs., 
20  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  19. 

LECT.  32.     (1819-1821)   THE   MISSOURI   STRUGGLE:   devel 
opment  of   southwest;  Missouri  bill    (1819);   Arkansas 
Act  (1819);  Maine  (1820);  Missouri  bill;  deadlock;  com 
promise;  reasons;  danger  to  Union;  where  the  victory; 
second  compromise  (1821);  James  Tallmadge. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Guide,    §177.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS: 
F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch. 
x;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  ch.  ix;  C.  Schurz, 
Henry   Clay,    I,    ch.    viii.  —  ADDITIONAL   READINGS:   J.    B. 
Me  Master,  United  States,  IV,  ch.  xxxix;  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  III,  ch.  x,  sect.  2;  R.  Hildreth,   United  States,  VI, 
chs.   xxxi,  xxxii.  —  SOURCES:   Contemporaries,   III,    §§135, 
136;  Annals  of  Congress,  15  Cong.,  2  sess.;  16  Cong.,  2  sess. 
(see  Index) ;   A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  II,  3-101 ;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  35-41. 

LECT.  33.     (1821-1826)  THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE:  Russian 

claims;    sympathy    with    Latin    America;    recognition 

(1822);    Canning's    propositions;    discussion;    message 

(1823);  " interposition" ;  " colonization";  effect;  Panama 

Congress  (1826) ;  John  Quincy  Adams. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  77,  78,  145,  183;  Guide,  §  178. 

—  SECONDARY  READINGS:   F.  J.  Turner,   Rise  of  the  New 

West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii;  A.  B.  Hart,  The  Monroe 


62  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§38 

Doctrine  in  its  Territorial  Extent  and  Application;  W.  C. 
Ford,  John  Quincy  Adams  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine  (Am. 
Historical  Review,  VII,  676-696).  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy 
Adams,  ch.  ii;  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe,  ch.  vii;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  VI,  ch.  xx;  W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe  Doc- 
trin  3;  G.  F.  Tucker,  Monroe  Doctrine;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  United 
States  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
III,  §§147-150;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  4,  34;  M.  Hill, 
Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xx;  W.  C.  Ford,  John  Quincy  Adams, 
his  Connection  with  the  Monroe  Doctrine  (Mass.  Hist.  Soc., 
Proceedings,  Jan.,  1902). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  11.  —  APPLICATION  OF  THE 
MONROE  DOCTRINE.  —  Manual,  §  145.] 

LECT.  34.  (1802-1829)  THE  WEST  IN  ITS  SECOND  STAGE: 
Ohio  (1802);  emigration;  products;  markets;  steam 
navigation;  land  travel;  six  new  states  (1811-1821); 
education;  political  influence;  population  (1830); 
Thomas  H.  Benton. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §180.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch. 
vii;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV), 
chs.  v-viii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  Expansion  of  the  Am.  People,  chs. 
xvii-xxv;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Old  Northwest,  chs.  xvi-xix.  — • 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty  Years'  View, 
I,  chs.  ii,  v,  xxxv ;  T.  Roosevelt,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  chs.  i, 
ii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§137-141;  Source- 
Book,  §§  92-94. 

LECT.  35.  (1789-1829)  CHANGES  IN  STATE  AND  MUNI 
CIPAL  GOVERNMENT:  new  constitutions;  suffrage;  rota 
tion;  limitations  on  legislatures;  elective  judiciary; 
elective  municipal  officials;  city  councils;  increased 
functions;  political  sentiment;  Martin  Van  Buren. 


1 39]  HISTORICAL  63 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  207.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 

A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vii; 
F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch. 
xviii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  V,  ch.  xliv.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Modern  Political  Institu 
tions,  ch.  iii;  E.  M.  Shepard,  Martin  Van  Buren;  J.  A.  Fair- 
lie,    Municipal   Administration,    ch.    v.  —  SOURCES:    J. ,  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  12. —  STATE  AUTHORITY  OV^ER 
LOCAL  AND  MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENTS.  —  Manual,  §  146.] 

LECT.  36.  (1824-1829)  DECLINE  OF  THE  PRESIDENCY: 
Election  of  1820;  "Era  of  good  feeling";  Election  of 
1824;  Election  of  1825;  " corrupt  bargain";  Adams's 
policy;  investigation  of  1826;  Indians;  trouble  with 
Georgia. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§109,  110;  Guide,  §179.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xvi;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy 
Adams,  ch.  ii;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  I,  chs.  x,  xi.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation, 
XXVI),  ch.  xiv;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  I, 
ch.  xi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  150;  J.  Q.  Adams, 
Memoirs;  president's  messages  in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages 
and  Papers,  II,  passim. 

§  39.  (1829-1837)  Readings  on  Democratization  of  the 
National  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  147;  Guide,  §§  180-185;  W. 
MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch. 
xix;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §  84. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  De 
mocracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  iii-v,  xi,  xiv,  xvii,  xviii;  J. 

B.  McMaster,    United  States,  VI,   ch.   Ivii;  E.   E.   Sparks, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  i. 


64  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§39 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  II,  ch.  i;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  II,  chs.  xiv-xxiii; 
J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  History,  ch.  x;  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  III,  ch.  xiii;  IV,  ch.  xiv;  H.  C.  Lodge, 
Daniel  Webster,  ch.  ii;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson, 
chs.  vii-xvi. 

SOURCES. — Contemporaries,  III,  §§  151-164;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  46-68;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
Nos.  24,  30;  see  references  to  Jackson's  views  in  Manual, 
§147. 

§  40.  (1829-1837)  Lectures  on  Democratization  of  the  Na 
tional  Government.  (Lects.  37-45.) 

LECT.  37.  (1829-1861)  SOCIAL  AND  INTELLECTUAL  CON 
DITIONS:  numbers;  distribution;  cities;  social  life;  edu 
cation;  literature;  organizations;  causes;  religion  and 
churches;  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  147;  Guide,  §180.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy 
(Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  i;  B.  Wendell,  Literary  History  of 
America,  books  iv,  v;  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition 
(Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs.  i,  ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  III,  507-529;  IV,  1-31;  E.  E. 
Sparks,  United  States,  II,  chs.  i,  ii;  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xii;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  VI,  ch.  Ivi;  C.  D.  Wright,  Industrial  Evolution, 
chs.  x,  xi;  J.  E.  Cabot,  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§151-157. 

LECT.  38.     (1829-1837)  ANDREW  JACKSON:  early  life;  mili 
tary  service;  candidacy;  inaugural;  Westerner;  distrust 
of  corporations;  sense  of  responsibility;  friends;  enemies; 
kitchen  cabinet;  principles  of  government. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §  147;     Guide,    §  181.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy 


§  40]  HISTORICAL  65 

(Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  iv;  W.  G.  Brown,  Andrew  Jackson.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI, 
54-68;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  ch.  iv;  J.  Macy, 
Political  Parties,  ch.  iv;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist., 

II,  ch.  i;  W.  G.  Suniner,  Andrew  Jackson;  C.  E.  Merriam, 
Political  Theories,  ch.  v;  E.  Stan  wood,  Hist,  of  the  Presi 
dency,  chs.  xi-xiv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  162, 
163;  Jackson  in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II, 

III,  passim,  see  Manual,  §  147. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  13.  —  JACKSONIAN  DEMOCRACY. 
—  Manual,  §  147.] 

LECT.  39.  (1829-1861)  THE  NATIONAL  CIVIL  SERVICE: 
status  in  1829;  practice  of  appointments;  of  confirma 
tions;  removals;  four  years'  tenure  act  (1820);  Jack 
son's  appointments;  removals;  reasons;  Calhoun's  pro 
tests;  later  presidents';  classification  act  of  1853. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§109,  110,  213;  Guide,  §181; 

Actual    Government,    §128.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS:    W. 

MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch. 

iv;  C.  R.  Fish,  Civil  Service  and  Patronage,  chs.  v-vii.  — 

DESCRIPTIVE:  L.  M.  Salmon,  Appointing  Power,  chs.  iv-vi; 

Actual    Government,    ch.    xvi.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries, 

III,  §§  158,  160. 

LECT.  40.  (1829-1862)  PUBLIC  LANDS:  basis  of  1780; 
policy  of  1787;  policy  of  1800;  policy  of  1820;  leased 
lands;  speculation  of  1836-1837;  preemption  act  (1841); 
homestead  (1862);  canal  grants;  railroad  grants;  edu 
cation  grants;  sales. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§115,  116;  Guide,  §  185; 
Actual  Government,  §  146.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  W. 
MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch. 
xvi;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  11-24;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Practical  Essays,  No.  10.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  S.  Sato, 
Public  Lands.  —  SOURCES:  Source-Book,  §§  103-106. 


66  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§40 

LECT.    41.      (1829-1861)    INTERNAL    IMPROVEMENTS    AND 
TRANSPORTATION:  highways;  Cumberland  Road;  state 
anals;    railroads;    Jackson's    policy;    state    aid;    land 
grants;  harbors;  rivers;  Pacific  roads;  express;  mail. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §  143;    Guide,    §  185.  --  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy 
(Am.  Nation   XV),  ch.  viii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Aboli 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  iii;  J.  B.   McMaster,    United 
States,  VI,  ch.  Ixiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  R.  John 
son,  Am.  Railway  Transportation,  chs.  i-viii;  E.  E.  Sparks, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  v;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  IV,  ch. 
xiv;    J.   S.  Young,   Cumberland   Road;    L.    G.    McPherson, 
The  Working  of  Railroads.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  165-168;  see  also  Manual,  §  143. 

LECT.  42.  (1824-1832)  THE  PROTECTIVE  TARIFF:  bill  of 
1820;  tariff  of  1824;  tariff  of  1828;  young  industries; 
administration;  minimum;  protests;  tariff  of  1832; 
Henry  Clay. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117-120,  221;  Guide,  §  183. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New 
West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  xiv,  xix;  W.  MacDonald, 
Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  v;  F.  W, 
Taussig,  Tariff  History,  74-110.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  IV,  58-94;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  VI,  127-137;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson, 
chs.  ix,  xiii;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  I,  chs.  ix,  xi.  —  SOURCES: 
Statutes  at  Large,  IV,  25-30,  270-275,  583-594,  629-631. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  14.  —  POLITICAL  AND  CONSTI 
TUTIONAL  ISSUES  OF  PROTECTION.  —  Manual,  §  148.] 

LECT.  43.  (1820-1833)  WAR  ON  THE  BANK:  Ohio  suit 
(1824);  Jackson's  warnings;  management;  recharter 
bill  (1832);  veto;  election  of  1832;  removal  of  deposits 
(1833);  Nicholas  Biddle. 


§  40]  HISTORICAL  67 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §§  182,  184;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  History,  §  85.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  vii, 
xiii;  H.  White,  Money  and  Banking,  278-315;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  History,  ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.  C. 
H.  Catterall,  Second  Bank  of  the  U.  S.;  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  IV,  132-187;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI, 
1-10,  183-212. —  SOURCES:  Source-Book,  §102;  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  24;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  46, 
50-52,  54,  57-68. 

LECT.  44.     (1828-1833)    NULLIFICATION:    precedents;    atti 
tude  of  South  Carolina;  Exposition  (1828);  convention 
and    ordinance    (1832);    Jackson's    action;    force    act; 
compromise  tariff  of  1833;  John  C.  Calhoun. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §§141,  149;    Guide,   §183.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New   West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),   ch.  xix;  W.   MacDonald,   Jacksonian 
Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  v,  ix;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,   VI,   27-32,   51-56,    148-176.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  I,  ch.  xii; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  iv;  D.  F.  Houston,  Nul 
lification',    H.    Von    Hoist,    John   C.    Calhoun.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§  159,  161;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  30; 
W.  MacDonald,   Select   Documents,    Nos.  44,  45,  47-49,   53, 
55,  56;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  303-319. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  15.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  NULLI 
FICATION.  —  Manual,  §  149.] 

LECT.  45.  (1829-1837)  WESTERN  EXPANSION:  domestic 
emigration;  foreign  movement;  Texas  settlements  (1819- 
1829);  projects  of  purchase;  isthmus  projects;  Oregon 
movement;  Texan  revolution  (1835);  Texan  indepen 
dence  (1836). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§75,  76;  Guide,  §193. — 

SECONDARY   READINGS:   G.   P.   Garrison,    Westward  Exten- 


68  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§40 

sion  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  i,  ii,  vi;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  vii,  viii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B. 
McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  Ixvi.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  III,  §§  185,  188,  189;  Source-Book,  §§  102,  104. 

§  41.  (1829-1842)  Readings  on  Elements  of  the  Slavery 
Question. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am. 

Nation,  XVI),  ch.  xxii;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers7  Assoc.r 
Historical  Sources,  §  85. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abo 
lition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs.  iv-xix,  xxi;  M.  G.  McDougall, 
Fugitive  Slaves,  §§22-25,  41-45,  63-76;  H.  Von  Hoist, 
John  C.  Calhoun,  chs.  iv-vi;  W.  E.  Du  Bois,  Suppression  of 
the  Slave  Trade,  chs.  ix,  x;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II, 
ch.  vi. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
History,  II,  ch.  ii;  J.  Macy,  Political  Parties,  ch.  vii;  J. 
Schouler,  IV,  passim;  J.  B.  McMaster,  VI,  chs.  Iv,  Ivi,  Ix, 
Ixvii;  J.  F.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams,  ch.  iii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  169-184;  Source-Book, 
§§94-101;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  10,  30.  —  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  II. 

§  42.  (1829-1842)  Lectures  on  Elements  of  the  Slavery 
Question.  (Lects.  46-50.) 

LECT.  46.     (1830-1860)    INCIDENTS    OF    NEGRO    SLAVERY: 
numbers;    races;    personality;    plantation    life;    family 
life;    sale;    manumission;   discipline;    fugitives;   illegal 
trade;  general  character;  Frederick  Douglass. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,  §§43,44;  Guide,  §186.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am. 
Nation,    XVI),    chs.    vii,    viii,    xiii,    xiv;    J.   F.    Rhodes, 
United  States,  I,  1-95.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Mc 
Master,    United   States,   VI,    231,    232,   491,   493,   605-609; 
C.  W.  Chesnutt,  Frederick  Douglass;  F.  L.  Olmsted,  Seaboard 


§  42]  HISTORICAL  69 

Slave  States;  M.  G.  McDougall,   Fugitive  Slaves,  ch.  iii.— 
SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    III,    §§  169-173;    F.    Douglass, 
My  Bondage  and  Freedom. 

LECT.  47.  (1830-1860)  SOCIAL  AND  ECONOMIC  EFFECTS 
OF  SLAVERY:  effect  on  whites;  on  negroes;  slave  codes; 
free  negro;  education;  industries;  political  results; 
James  G.  Birney. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§45,  150;  Guide,  §186;  see 
Lects.  15  and  31  above.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B. 
Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs.  iv-x; 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  303-380.  —ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  69-78;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Salmon  P.  Chase,  44-102;  W.  Birney,  James  G.  Birney; 
H.  C.  Lodge,  Daniel  Webster,  275-332.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §  177;  IV,  §§23-28;  F.  L.  Olmsted,  Sea 
board  Slave  States,  passim;  The  Pro-Slavery  Argument, 
passim;  S.  D.  Smedes,  Memorials  of  a  Southern  Planter. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  16.  —  ARGUMENTS  FOR  AND 
AGAINST  SLAVERY.  —  Manual,  §  150.] 

LECT.  48.     (1831-1860)  THE  ABOLITION  MOVEMENT:  gene 
sis;  leaders;  societies;  press;  literature;  public  meetings; 
principles;  southern  reception;  northern  reception;  re 
sponsibility;  William  Lloyd  Garrison. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §43;    Guide,    §187.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am. 
Nation,    XVI),    chs.    xii-xviii,   xxi;   E.    E.    Sparks,    United 
States,  II,  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  McMaster,   United  States,  VI,  271- 
298;   H.   Von   Hoist,   Constitutional  History,    II,    ch.   ii.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  IV,  202- 
228,  296-313;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  iii,  iv;  O. 
Johnson,  William  Lloyd  Garrison;  Garrisons,  William  Lloyd 
Garrison,  II,  III.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§174- 
178;  Source-Book,   §§94-101;    A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations, 
II,  102-114;  Old  South  Leaflets,  IV,  Nos.  78-82. 


70  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§42 

LECT.  49.  (1831-1841)  NATIONAL  QUESTIONS  OF  SLAVERY: 
District  of  Columbia;  petitions;  gag  resolutions;  mails; 
Joshua  R.  Giddings. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §150;  Guide,  §  188.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am. 
Nation,  XVI),  chs.  xvii,  xviii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  VI,  467-493.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  IV,  422-429;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
History,  II,  120-146,  235-291;  G.  W.  Julian,  Joshua  R.  Gid 
dings;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§179-181;  W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  69;  A.  Johnston,  Am. 
Orations,  II,  115-122;  S.  J.  May,  Memoir. 

LECT.  50.  (1820-1850)  INTERSTATE  AND  INTERNATIONAL 
QUESTIONS  OF  SLAVERY:  comity;  fugitives;  personal 
liberty  bills;  extradition;  seamen  acts;  vessels  in  West 
Indies;  L'Amistad;  Creole;  quintuple  treaty  (1841); 
cruising  convention  (1842). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  79,  80,  150,  187;  Guide, 
§  189.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and 
Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  xix;  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  IV,  480-488;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History, 
II,  312-329.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin, 
Lewis  Cass,  176-190;  M.  G.  McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves, 
§§  22-28,  36-50,  77-79.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  182,  183;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  10;  J.  Q.  Adams, 
Memoirs  (see  Index,  volume  XII). 

§  43.  (1841-1850)  Readings  on  Territory  and  Slavery. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §44;  Guide,  §§196,  197;  G. 
P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch. 
xxi;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §  85. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Ex 
tension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  vi-xi,  xv-xx;  T.  C. 
Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  i. 


§  44]  HISTORICAL  71 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  viii;  G.  T.  Curtis,  Con 
stitutional  History,  II,  ch.  viii;  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
I,  ch.  iv;  F.  Bancroft,  William  H.  Seward,  I,  chs.  xiv,  xv. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  185-189;  IV,  §§  7-22. 
Source-Book,  §  106;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  69. 

§  44.  (1841-1850)  Lectures  on  Territory  and  Slavery.  (Lects. 
61-56.) 

LECT.  51.     (1840-1844)    WHIG   POLICY;   Election  of   1836; 

panic  of  1837;  Election  of  1840;  legislative  program; 

accession  of  Tyler;  bank  bills;  breach;  tariff  of  1842; 

appointments;  John  Tyler. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  43;  Guide,  §191.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  iv;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States, 
VI,  593-637.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist,  Con 
stitutional  History,  II,  ch.  vi;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II, 
ch.  vii;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  I,  chs.  xxii,  xxiii.  —  SOURCES: 
L.  G.  Tyler,  Letters  and  Times  of  the  Tylers,  II,  chs.  i-vi; 
Messages  in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  TV, 
passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  17.  —  GOVERNMENTAL  POWERS 
OF  THE  STATES.  —  Manual,  §  151.] 

LECT.  52.  (1783-1846)  NORTHEASTERN  AND  NORTHWEST 
ERN  BOUNDARIES:  negotiations;  treaty  of  1783;  dis 
covery  of  Columbia  (1792);  commission  of  1798;  Lewis 
and  Clark  expedition  (1806);  joint  occupation  (1818); 
northwestern  arbitration  (1827-1831);  Aroostook  War 
(1838-39);  Ashburton  treaty  (1842);  Oregon  treaty 
(1846). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  73,  74,  79,  80;  Guide, 
§  192.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward 
Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  v,  xi;  J.  B.  McMaster, 


72  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  44 

United  States,  VI,  421-453.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B. 
Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  iii;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific  States, 
XIV,  ch.  iii;  XVII,  ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Senate  Executive 
Documents,  48  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  1,  part  ii,  373,  415,  432, 
438;  H.  Gallatin,  Northeastern  Boundary;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Arbitrations,  I,  1-215;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents, 
No.  70,  74. 

LECT.  53.     (1837-1845)  ANNEXATION  OF  TEXAS:  Jackson's 

hesitancy;  Van  Buren's    objections;  Texan  overtures; 

Tyler's   hopes;    abolition    protests;    Mexican   relations; 

annexation  draft  treaty  (1844);  Election  of  1844;  joint 

resolution  (1845);  admission;  Sam  Houston. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §§79,    80;     Guide,    §193.— 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 

(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  vi-x;  J.  Schouler,   United  States, 

IV,  302-308,  441-481;  J.  B.  McMaster,   United  States,  VI, 
458-463.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist,  Consti 
tutional  History,   II,   ch.   vii;   III,   ch.   iii;   G.   P.   Garrison, 
Texas,   chs.  xi-xxii;    H.   Bruce,  Sam  Houston.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§  185-189;  texts  in  Statutes  at  Large, 

V,  797-798. —  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  71. 

LECT.  54.     (1846-1848)  THE  MEXICAN  WAR:  causes;  Slidell 
Mission   (1845);  Taylor's  advance   (1846);  declaration; 
California;   New  Mexico;  campaigns;  capture  of  Mexico 
(1847);  peace  of  1848;  James  K.  Polk. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §  152;     Guide,     §  194.  —  SEC 
ONDARY   READINGS:    G.    P.    Garrison,    Westward   Extension 
(Am.    Nation,    XVII),     chs.    xiii-xv;    J.    Schouler,    United 
States,  IV,  ch.  xviii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  viii; 
E.    G.    Bourne,    Essays   in   Historical    Criticism,  No.  9.  - 
SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    IV,    §§  7-14;    House    Executive 
Documents,  29  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  196;  Polk  in  J.  D.  Rich 
ardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  IV,  passim;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  72,  73,  76. 


§  44]  HISTORICAL  73 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  18.  —  ETHICS  OF  THE  MEXICAN 
WAR.  —  Manual,  §  152.] 

LECT.  55.  (1846-1849)  WILMOT  PROVISO  AND  CRISIS  OF 
TERRITORIAL  SLAVERY:  Polk's  purposes;  two  million 
bill;  Proviso  (1846);  military  governments;  organiza 
tion  of  Oregon  (1848);  extension  of  the  Constitution; 
executive  regulations;  supreme  court;  dead-lock;  elec 
tion  of  1848;  Lewis  Cass. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  79,  80,  163,  219;  Guide, 
§  196.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward 
Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  xvi,  xix;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  I,  90-93.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C. 
McLaughlin,  Lewis  Cass.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  15-18;  Text  of  Wilmot  Proviso,  Feb.  1,  1847,  Congres 
sional  Globe,  29  Cong.,  2  sess.,  303,  and  App. 

LECT.  56.  (1849-1850)  COMPROMISE  OF  1850:  Clay's  reso 
lutions;  omnibus  bill;  Webster;  Calhoun;  Davis; 
Chase;  Sumner;  death  of  Taylor;  acts  passed;  Texas; 
California;  New  Mexico;  Utah;  fugitives;  domestic 
slave  trade;  Daniel  Webster. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  153;  Guide,  §  197.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xx;  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and 
Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  i,  ii;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  I,  ch.  ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  E. 
Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  ix;  J.  Schouler,  United  States, 
V,  191-212;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  II,  ch.  xxvi;  H.  C. 
Lodge,  Daniel  Webster,  ch.  ix;  N.  Hapgood,  Daniel  Webster; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  IV,  §§19-22;  Source-Book,  §106;  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  II,  123-218;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  Nos.  78-83;  Debates  in  Congressional  Globe,  31 
Cong.,  1  sess. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  19.  —  CONTROL  OF  ACQUIRED 
TERRITORY.  —  Manual,  §  153.] 


74  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  45 

§  45.   (1850-1860)  Readings  on  the  Issue  Joined. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §46;  Guide,  §§200-203;  T. 
C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xxi; 
New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §  86. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and 
Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xvii;  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  V,  chs.  xxi,  xxii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  chs. 
xi,  xii;  M.  G.  McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves,  §§26-32,  51-62, 
80-83. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
II,  III;  W.  G.  Brown,  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  chs.  ii-v;  J.  Macy, 
Political  Parties,  chs.  xx-xxii;  M.  Storey,  Charles  Sumner, 
chs.  vii-xi;  J.  F.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  chs.  iv-vi;  A. 
B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch.  v-vii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§34-48;  Source-Book, 
§§  110-112;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  2,  23;  A.  Lincoln, 
Works,  I,  240  et  seq.  (debates  with  Douglas). 

§  46.  (1850-1860)  Lectures  on  the  Issue  Joined.  (Lects. 
57-63.) 

LECT.  57.     (1850-1860)  FUGITIVE  SLAVES:  Shadrach;  Chris 
tiana  (1851);  Burns  (1854);  Wellington  (1858);  Booth; 
Underground    Railroad;    new    personal    liberty  .bills; 
effect  on  North;  on  South;  Wendell  Phillips. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §45;     Guide,     §198;     M.    G, 
McDougall,     Fugitive    Slaves,     Apps.    A-D.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  T.   C.   Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation, 
XVIII),  ch.  xix;  M.  G.  McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves,  §§52- 
83;  W.  H.  Siebert,  Underground  Railroad,  chs.  iii,  vi,  xi.  — 
ADDITIONAL   READINGS:    J.  F.  Rhodes,    United   States,  II, 
ch.  x;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V,  204-225,  294-296;  T.  W. 
Higginson,  Wendell  Phillips;  C.  F.  Adams,  Richard  H.  Dana, 
I,  chs.  xiv,  xv.  —  SOURCES:   Contemporaries,  IV,    §§  29-33; 
Source-Book,  §  107;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  II,  219-340. 


§  46]  HISTORICAL  75 

LECT.  58.  (1852-1854)  KANSAS  NEBRASKA  BILL  AND 
CUBA:  Election  of  1852;  Western  country;  Indians; 
Nebraska  bills  (1849-1852);  Nebraska  bill  (1854); 
Douglas's  reports;  Appeal  of  Independent  Democrats; 
debate;  passage;  Black  Warrior  episode;  Ostend  Mani 
festo;  Stephen  A.  Douglas. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§154,  191;  Guide,  §199.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  vii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
ch.  v;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  421-500;  II,  10-42; 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V,  280-293.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  IV,  chs.  vi, 
vii;  V,  ch.  i;  W.  G.  Brown,  Stephen  A.  Douglas. —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §  34;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  2,  17; 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  85-88;  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  III,  3-87. 

LECT.  59.  (1854-1857)  STRUGGLE  FOR  KANSAS:  North 
ern  aid  societies;  border  ruffians;  election  for  delegate; 
election  for  legislature;  slavery  legalized;  free  state 
organization;  civil  war;  John  Brown;  governors;  in 
vestigation  by  Congress. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  150;  Guide,  §  200;  T.  C. 
Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xxi.  - 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  ix,  xi,  xv;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  vii-ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  V,  315-363,  382-399,  424,  425;  H.  Von  Hoist, 
Constitutional  History,  V,  chs.  iii,  viii;  VI,  chs.  iv,  v;  Nicolay 
and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  chs.  xxii-xxv;  II,  chs.  i-vi.  — • 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  36-40;  Source-Book,  §§108, 
109;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  90,  92;  A. 
Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  III,  88-120;  Old  South  Leaflets, 
No.  83. 


76  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  46 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  20.  —  PRINCIPLES  OF  POPULAR 
SOVEREIGNTY  AND  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  ORGANIZED  TER 
RITORY.  —  Manual,  §  154.] 

LECT.  60.  (1854-1857)  RISE  OF  THE  REPUBLICAN  PARTY: 
Know-Nothings;  Anti-Nebraska;  "  Republican' '  Con 
ventions  (1854);  fusions;  national  party  (1855);  Elec 
tion  of  1856;  Salmon  P.  Chase. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§103,  104;  Guide,  §201.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  iv,  viii,  xii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  II,  45-97,  177-185;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Politi 
cal  Parties,  ch.  vii;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V,  ch.  xxi; 
J.  Macy,  Political  Parties,  ch.  xiii;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitu 
tional  History,  V,  chs.  vii,  ix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §  35. 

LECT.  61.  (1857-1860)  DRED  SCOTT  DECISION:  Supreme 
Court;  Prigg  decision  (1842);  Van  Zandt  (1849);  Dred 
Scott  lower  cases;  appeals;  decision  (1857);  protests; 
Lecompton  bill  (1858);  Lincoln's  campaign  against 
Douglas  (1858);  Cooper  Union  speech  (1860);  Roger 
B.  Taney. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §150;  Guide,  §§201,  202. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xv;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
II,  249-267;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xi.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  S.  Tyler,  Roger  B.  Taney,  ch.  v; 
H.  Von*  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  VI,  ch.  i;  G.  T.  Curtis, 
James  Buchanan,  II,  chs.  viii-xviii.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  IV,  §§41-46;  Source-Book,  §110;  Am.  Hist.  Leaf 
lets,  No.  23;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxi;  Dred  Scott 
v.  Sanford,  19  Howard,  393;  Lincoln  and  Douglas  Debates; 
A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  III,  29-194;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  91. 


§  47]  HISTORICAL  77 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  21.  —  PRINCIPLES  OF  CITIZEN 
SHIP  AND  RIGHTS  OF  NON-CITIZENS.  —  Manual,  §  155.] 

LECT.  62.  (1857-1859)  PRINCIPLES  OF  RADICAL  ABOLI 
TION:  political  abolitionists;  come-outers;  Garrison; 
Phillips;  Chase;  Brown's  plans;  Harper's  Ferry  raid; 
trial;  results;  John  Brown. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §  202.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX), 
ch.  v;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  360-416;  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  V,  437-449;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
History,  VIII,  ch.  i. — ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  E.  Merriam, 
Political  Theories,  206-226;  H.  Von  Hoist,  John  Brown; 
F.  Sanborn,  John  Brown.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  45-48;  Source-Book,  §  112;  J.  Redpath,  John  Brown; 
Old  South  Leaflets,  IV,  No.  84. 

LECT.  63.     (1859-1860)  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  OF  1860: 
Davis   Resolutions;   Charleston   convention;   Baltimore 
conventions;  bolt;   Douglas;  Breckenridge;  Republican 
candidates;    Chicago   convention;    Lincoln   nominated; 
Constitutional     Union    party;    campaign;     threats    of 
secession;  result;  Abraham  Lincoln. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Guide,    §203.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX), 
ch.  vii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  417-500;  C.  Schurz, 
Abraham   Lincoln. — -ADDITIONAL   READINGS:   J.    Schouler, 
United  States,  V,  ch.  xxii,  sect.  2;  J.  T.   Morse,  Abraham 
Lincoln,  I,  ch.  vi;  F.  Bancroft,  William  H.  Seward,  I,  ch. 
xxiv.  —  SOURCES:     Contemporaries,    IV,    §§49-52;    Source- 
Book,  §  111. 

§  47.   (1860-1861)  Readings  on  Coming  on  of  the  Civil  War. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,    §48;   Guide,   §§206,   207;  T. 
C.  Smith,  Parties  and    Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch. 


78  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§47 

xxi;  F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XIX),  ch.  xx;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical 
Sources,  §  87. 

SECONDAEY  READINGS.  —  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slav 
ery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  xix,  xx;  F.  E.  Chadwick, 
Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX) ;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  III,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  J.  C.  Reed,  The  Brothers' 
War. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V, 
ch.  xxii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  H. 
Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History,  VI,  chs.  vi-vii;  F.  Ban 
croft,  William  H.  Seward,  II,  chs.  xxv,  xxvii,  xxix;  G.  T. 
Curtis,  Constitutional  History,  II,  ch.  x;  J.  S.  Landon,  Con 
stitutional  History,  ch.  xi;  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I, 
ch.  vii;  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the  States,  II,  chs. 
xviii-xx;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  vii,  viii;  J.  Davis, 
Confederate  Government,  I,  Part  iii;  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of 
the  Civil  War,  I,  ch.  vii;  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lin 
coln,  II. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§53-74;  Source-Book, 
§§  113-116;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  12,  18;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  93-97;  Abraham  Lincoln, 
Works,  I,  652-695;  II,  1-33. 

§  48.  (1860-1861)  Lectures  on  Coming  on  of  the  Civil  War. 
(Lects.  64-70.) 

LECT.  64.     (1850-1861)    CAUSES   OF    SECESSION:    personal; 
states  rights;  sectional  feeling;  slavery;  Robert  Toombs. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §47;  Guide,  §205.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am. 
Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  xix,  xx;  F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of 
the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  chs.  ii,  iv,  vi,  viii;  J.  F. 
Rhodes,  United  States,  III,  115-125;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United 
States,  II,  ch.  xiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist, 
Constitutional  History,  VII,  chs.  vi-viii;  R.  Toombs  in  A.  H. 


§48]  HISTORICAL  79 

Stephens's  War  between  the  States,  II,  App.;  P.  A.  Stovall, 
Robert  Toombs.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§51—57; 
A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  III,  230-274,  294-311. 

LECT.  65.  (1789-1861)  THEORY  OF  SECESSION:  compari 
son  with  interposition  and  nullification;  basis  in  unity 
of  sovereignty;  enunciations;  constitutional  test;  ex 
pediency;  Alexander  H.  Stephens. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  156;  Guide,  §  205.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  ch.  iii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III,  127-216;  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the  States, 
I,  ch.  xi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  ch.  iv;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
History,  VII,  ch.  viii;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Political  Theories,  ch. 
vii,  §  2;  H.  Cleveland,  Alexander  H.  Stephens.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  53-57;  J.  Davis,  Rise  and  Fall  of 
Confederate  Government,  I;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  III, 
320-329;  P.  C.  Centz,  Republic  of  Republics;  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  12  (ordinances). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  22.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  SECESSION. 
—  Manual,  §  156.] 

LECT.  66.     (Oct.  1860-Jan.  8,  1861)  FIRST  CRISIS:  Scott's 
views;   Black's   opinion;   Buchanan's   message;   House 
Committee   of   33;   Senate   Committee   of   13;   " erring 
sisters";  secession  of  South  Carolina  (Dec.  20);  Ander 
son  in  Sumter  (Dec.  26);  cabinet  crisis;  coercion  mes 
sage  (Jan.  8);  Lincoln's  part;  James  Buchanan, 
i     BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §156;    Guide,     §207.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:   F.   E.   Chad  wick,   Causes  of  the  Civil 
War   (Am.   Nation,   XIX),   ch.   xi;    J.   F.   Rhodes,    United 
States,  III,  242-280;   H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History, 
VII,  ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  T.  Curtis,  James 
Buchanan,  II,  ch.  viii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch. 
^ii;   Nicolay  and   Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,    III,   passim.  — 


80  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§48 

SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§64-67;  J.  Buchanan,  Mr. 
Buchanan's  Administration;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  Nos.  90,  91;  Buchanan's  messages  in  Richardson's 
Messages  and  Papers,  V,  626-659. 

LECT.  67.  (Dec.  20,  1860-Feb.  28,  1861)  PROGRESS  OF 
SECESSION:  South  Carolina  (Dec.);  six  cotton  states 
(Jan.,  Feb.);  Confederate  States  of  America;  Anderson 
in  Sumter;  cabinet  on  Star  of  the  West;  confusion  in 
Washington;  William  L.  Yancey. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  156;  Guide,  §  206.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  ch.  ix;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III,  291-300;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  History, 
VII,  ch.  x. —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  Nicolay  and  Hay, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  III,  passim;  J.  W.  DuBose,  W.  L.  Yan 
cey;  J.  M.  Curry,  Southern  States.  —  SOURCES:  Contempora 
ries,  IV,  §§  58-62;  ordinances  in  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  12, 
and  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia,  1861;  W.  MacDonald,  Select 
Documents,  No.  94. 

LECT.  68.  (Jan.  9,  1861-March  3,  1861)  SECOND  EFFORT 
AT  COMPROMISE:  coercion  reports;  Crittenden  compro 
mise;  Peace  Conference;  Lincoln's  attitude;  Corwin 
amendment;  predictions  of  separation;  Lincoln's  jour 
ney;  William  H.  Seward. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §207.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XIX),  chs.  xi,  xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  F. 
Rhodes,  United  States,  III,  290,  305-308;  F.  Bancroft, 
William  H.  Seward,  II,  ch.  xxviii;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Con 
stitutional  History,  VII,  ch.  xi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  ch.  viii;  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  III; 
F.  H.  Alfriend,  Jefferson  Davis.  —  SOURCES:  Contempora 
ries,  IV,  §§  63-69;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  III,  275- 
293,  312-319;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  96; 
R.  Davis,  Recollections  of  Mississippi. 


§  48]  HISTORICAL  81 

LECT.  69.     (March    4,    1861— April    1,    1861)    PRESIDENT 
LINCOLN'S   POLICY:   cabinet;   appointments;   removals; 
southern    commissions;    doctrine    of    Union;    cabinet 
conferences;  Seward's  memorandum  (April  1). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,   §§  157,  158;    Guide,    §  208.  - 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  ch.  xvii;    A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  ch.  viii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  III,  316-320; 
J.  Schouler,   United  States,  VI,  1—25;  J.  Davis,  Confederate 
Government,   I,   part   iii,   ch.   ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  III,  chs.  xxi,  xxii;  F. 
Bancroft,   William  H.  Seward,  II,   ch.  xxix;  J.  T.   Morse, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  ch.  ix;  G.  C.  Gorham,  Edwin  M.  Stan- 
ton,  chs.  xxv-xxviii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,   §  66; 
Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  18;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  IV, 
16-31;  A.  Lincoln,  Works,  II,  ch.  i,  et  seq. 

LECT.  70.     (April  2,  1861-July  4,  1861)  OUTBREAK  OF  THE 
CIVIL  WAR:  Lincoln's  decision;  military  plans;  Sumter 
captured   (April   14,    1861);   call  for  troops;  blockade 
proclamations;  four  additional  secessions;  armies  raised; 
responsibility;  special  session  of  Congress. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §157;    Guide,    §§208,209.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  ch.  xix;    J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal 
to  Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  ch.  iii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,   United 
States,  III,  325-380;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  VI,  26-49. 
-  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lin 
coln,  III,  chs.  xxiii-xxvi;  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I, 
chs.  viii,  ix;  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of  the  Civil  War,  I,  chs.  vi- 
xii.  —  SOURCES:     Contemporaries,     §§70-74;     Source-Book, 
§  115;    Lincoln's  first  message  in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mes 
sages  and  Papers,  VI,  20-31. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  23.  — •  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  THE 
CIVIL  WAR.  —  Manual,  §  157.] 


82  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§49 

§  49.   (1861-1865)  Readings  on  the  Civil  War. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§50,  81,  82,  188;  Guide, 
§§210-214;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am.  Nation, 
XX),  ch.  xxi;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XXI),  ch.  xviii;  New  England  Hist,  Teachers' 
Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §  88. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms 
(Am.  Nation,  XX);  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI);  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I, 
chs.  viii-xii;  II;  J.  T.  Henderson,  Stonewall  Jackson. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
III,  IV;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  VI;  J.  G.  Nicolay  in 
Cambridge  Modern  Hist.,  VII,  443-558;  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story 
of  the  Civil  War,  I,  II;  T.  A.  Dodge,  Bird's  Eye  View  of  the 
Civil  War;  W.  Wilson,  American  People,  IV,  145-312; 
E.  A.  Pollard,  The  Lost  Cause;  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between 
the  States,  1,  ch.  ii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§75-140;  Source-Book, 
§§  115-126;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  97; 
Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia,  1861-1865;  R.  Stiles,  Four  Years 
with  Marse  Robert. 

§  50.  (1861-1865)  Lectures  on  the  Civil  War.  (Lects.  71-78.) 
LECT.  71.  (1861-1865)  THE  NORTH  DURING  THE  WAR: 
spirit;  divisions;  martial  law;  resources;  enlistments; 
business;  patriotic  literature. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§49,  81,  82,  188;  Guide, 
§  204.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to 
Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  ch.  i;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of 
the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  iv,  xv;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  V;  189-342;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No. 
11;  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln;  J.  G.  Nicolay 
in  Cambridge  Modern  Hist.,  VII,  568-602.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  §§  75-79,  84-90;  Source-Book,  §  115;  W.  H. 
Russell,  My  Diary  North  and  South. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  24.  —  LINCOLN'S  DEMOCRACY.] 


1 50]  HISTORICAL  83 

LECT.  72.  (1861-1865)  THE  SOUTH  DURING  THE  WAR: 
population;  negroes  and  whites;  enlistments;  sacrifices; 
finance;  paper  money;  social  life;  patriotic  literature; 
Jefferson  Davis. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§158,  159,  188;  Guide,  §209. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms 
{Am.  Nation,  XX),  ch.  i;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  iv,  xvi;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  V,  343-482;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  11.- 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  H.  Alfriend,  Jefferson  Davis; 
J.  L.  M.  Curry,  Confederate  Government;  J.  C.  Schwab,  Con 
federate  States  of  America,  passim;  Cambridge  Modern  Hist., 
VII,  ch.  xix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  80-83, 
91-95;  Source-Book,  §§117,  122;  J.  B.  Jones,  Rebel  War 
Clerk's  Diary;  E.  Eggleston,  Rebel's  Recollections. 

LECT.  73.  (1861-1863)  THE  MILITARY  PROBLEM:  Bull 
Run  (July,  1861);  Eastern  army;  Western  army;  navy; 
advance  into  Tennessee;  Peninsular  campaign  (1862); 
Mississippi  River;  Fredericksburg  (1862);  Chancel- 
lorsville  (1863);  Northern  commanders;  George  B. 
McClellan. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §  210.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  chs.  ii- 
viii,  xv-xvii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  III,  ch.  xvi; 
IV,  chs.  xvii-xix;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  i.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of  the  Civil  War, 
I,  chs.  vi-xii;  Cambridge  Modern  Hist.,  VII,  chs.  xiv,  xv. — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  102-116;  U.  S.  Grant, 
Memoirs,  I,  ch.  xxi;  G.  B.  McClellan,  Own  Story;  J.  E. 
Johnston,  Narrative. 

LECT.  74.  (1861-1863)  DIPLOMACY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR: 
Southern  envoys;  Northern  representatives;  neutrality 
proclamations;  Trent;  England  and  recognition;  crui 
sers;  blockade;  captives;  effect  of  Northern  victories; 
French  in  Mexico;  Charles  Francis  Adams. 


84  LECTURES   AND  READINGS  [§50 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§81,  82,  188-190;  Guide, 
§212.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to 
Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  ch.  xx;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of 
Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  x;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  III, 
519-542;  IV,  76-94,  337-394.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  Schouler,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  i;  C.  F.  Adams,  Jr., 
Charles  Francis  Adams;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Rela 
tions  of  Confederate  States;  J.  D.  Bullock,  Secret  Service  of 
Confederate  States.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§98- 
100;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  passim;  J.  B.  Moore,  International 
Arbitrations,  passim. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  25.  —  MILITARY  POWERS  OF 
THE  PRESIDENT.  —  Manual,  §  159.] 

LECT.  75.  (1861-1865)  FINANCIAL  PROBLEMS  OF  THE 
CIVIL  WAR:  balance  sheet  (1860);  loans;  treasury  notes; 
legal  tenders;  national  banks;  tariff  of  1861;  internal 
revenue;  balance  sheet  (1866). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§117,  118;  Guide,  §211; 
D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History,  §§  116,  126.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XXI),  ch.  i;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History,  chs. 
xi-xvi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  ix,  xi;  H.  Whiter 
Money  and  Banking,  130-164.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff  History,  155-170.  —  SOURCES:  Acts 
in  Statutes  at  Large,  XII,  292,  345,  432,  709;  XIII,  99-118. 

LECT.  76.     (1862-1865)    ABOLITION    OF    SLAVERY:    border 
state  feeling;  contrabands;  territories   (1862);  District 
of  Columbia  (1862);  compensated  emancipation;  colo 
nization;    preliminary  proclamation   (1862);    final  pro 
clamation  (Jan.  1,  1863);  action  by  states;  election  of 
1864;  13th  Amendment  (1865);  Abraham  Lincoln. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §  159;     Guide,     §  214.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am. 
Nation,  XXI),  ch.  xiv;  J.  F.  Rhodes,    United  States,  IV, 


1 50]  HISTORICAL  85 

212-219;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch.  x;  J.  T.  Morse, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  II,  chs.  i,  iv,  xii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  VI,  chs.  v-viii, 
xvii,  xix;  X,  ch.  iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  124- 
131;  Source-Book,  §§  120-126;  Statutes  at  Large,  XII,  376- 
378,  432  (ch.  cxi);  Proclamations  Nos.  16,  17;  Ibid.,  pp. 
1266-1269;  Proclamation  No.  52;  Ibid.,  XIII,  774-775; 
Emancipation  Proclamation  (No.  16)  in  J.  D.  Richardson, 
Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  96-98;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Ora 
tions,  IV,  123-128. 

LECT.  77.  (1863-1865)  MILITARY  SUCCESS  OF  THE  NORTH: 
Gettysburg  (1863);  Vicksburg;  Chattanooga;  Georgia 
campaign  (1864);  Virginia  campaign;  Mobile;  March  to 
the  Sea;  Appomattox  (April  1865);  rival  commanders; 
R.  E.  Lee. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §120.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  chs. 
xviii,  xix;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XXI),  chs.  iii,  vi,  vii,  xi,  xii,  xiv,  xvii.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln, 
VII-IX;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  IV,  V,  passim;  J. 
Schouler,  United  States,  VI,  passim.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  IV,  §§  118-120,  123,  132-140;  Source-Book,  §§  121- 
125;  G.  H.  Gordon,  War  Diary. 

LECT.  78.     (1865)   PROBLEMS  OF  THE  END  OF  THE  WAR: 
armies    dissolved;    accounts    and    materials;    negroes; 
Southern  whites;  rebellious  states;  Thaddeus  Stevens. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §164.  —  SECONDARY     READ 
INGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII), 
ch.  i;  J.  F.  Rhodes,   United  States,  VI,  ch.  xxxviii;  E.  E. 
Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  S.  A.  McCall, 
Thaddeus  Stevens,  ch.  xiii;  W.  A.  Dunning,  Essays  on  the 
Civil  War  and  Reconstruction,  chs.  i-iii.  —  SOURCES:  Con- 


86  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§50 

temporaries,  IV,  §§  141-157;  Source-Book,  §  130;  M.  Hill, 
Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiii;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations, 
IV,  129-180. 

§  51.  (1865-1884)  Readings  on  Reconstruction  and  Reorgan 
ization. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§52,  160;  J.  K.  Hosmer, 
Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  ch.  xviii;  A. 
P.  C.  Griffin,  Bibliography  of  XIV  and  XV  Amendments; 
W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  ch. 
xxii;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources? 
§§  89,  90;  W.  L.  Fleming,  Home  Syllabus,  Reconstruction. 
,+ SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction 
(Am.  Nation,  XXII),  passim;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  85-99;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  viii,  xiii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  V,. 
ch.  xxx;  VI,  chs.  xxxi,  xxxii,  xxxiv,  xxxvi;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States r 
II,  ch.  xv;  W.  Wilson,  American  People,  V,  ch.  i;  J.  G. 
Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Congress,  II,  chs.  iii-xxvii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  141-157;  Source-Book, 
§§  127-132;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiii;  W.  L. 
Fleming,  Documentary  Hist,  of  Reconstruction,  I,  II;  E. 
McPherson,  Political  Hist,  during  Reconstruction;  W.  Mac- 
Dom  i,  Select  Statutes,  Nos.  42,  52,  56,  62,  64,  67,  69,  72, 
74,  81-85,  91,  92,  99. 

§  52.  (1865-1884)  Lectures  on  Reconstruction  and  Reorgan 
ization.  (Lects.  79-83.) 

LECT.  79.  (1864-1866)  CONTROVERSY  OVER  RECONSTRUC 
TION:  Lincoln's  plan  (1864);  Davis-Wade  Bill;  assassi 
nation  (1865);  Johnson's  plan;  individuals;  conquered 
provinces;  state  suicide;  forfeited  rights;  Congressional 
plan  (1866) 


§  52]  HISTORICAL  87 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§51,  160.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation, 
XXII),  chs.  ii-v;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  xxxiii. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
ch.  xiii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  iv. 
—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§148-150;  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  IV,  149-188. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  26.  —  CONSTITUTIONAL  PRINCI 
PLES  OF  RECONSTRUCTION.  —  Manual,  §  160.] 

LECT.  80.     (1867-1871)     PROCESS     OP     RECONSTRUCTION: 

statutes;    new   constitutions;    negro   suffrage;    military 

governors;  14th  amendment  (1868);  election  of  1868; 

;   rebels  disqualified  by  states;  carpet  bag  governments; 

15th  amendment  (1870). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  160.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII), 
chs.  vi-vii,  xi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch.  xiv;  E.  E. 
Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  xxxi.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  151-157;  W.  L.  Fleming,  Documen 
tary  Hist,  of  Reconstruction;  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia,  1866- 
1871;  E.  McPherson,  Hist,  of  Reconstruction,  passim. 

LECT.  81.     (1871-1877)  COUNTER-RECONSTRUCTION:  taxes; 

schools;    justice;    KuKlux;    investigation;    force    acts; 

election  of  1872;    scraps;    rival  governments;   e>,  :€tion 

of  1876;  disputed  count  (1877);  troops  removed  (1877); 

U.  S.  Grant. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §160.  --  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII), 
chs.  xv-xvii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  VII,  chs.  xli, 
xlii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years 
of  Congress,  II,  chs.  xvii,  xix;  M.  L.  Avary,  Dixie  after  the 
War.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  158;  Source-Book, 
§  132;  W.  L.  Fleming,  Documentary  Hist,  of  Reconstruction, 
II,  ch.  xii. 


88  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§52 

LECT.  82.  (1867-1883)  POLITICAL  REFORM:  civil  service 
bills  (1867-1869);- first  commission  (1871-1873);  assess 
ments;  political  activity;  corruption;  investigations; 
election  of  1880;  assassination  of  Garfield;  Arthur; 
Civil  Service  Act  (1883);  second  commission;  James 
A.  Garfield. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  213;  Actual  Government, 
§  128.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National 
Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  x,  xii;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Practical  Essays,  ch.  iv;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties, 
chs.  xiii-xxi;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  xl.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  R.  Fish,  Civil  Service  and  Patron 
age,  ch.  x;  M.  Ostrogorski,  Democracy  and  Political  Parties, 
II,  ch.  ix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§159-161; 
Source-Book,  §§133,  137;  Civil  Service  Act  in  Statutes  at 
Large,  XXII  (403);  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  IV,  367- 
420. 

LECT.  83.  (1866-1887)  PROBLEMS  OF  COMMERCIAL  OR 
GANIZATION:  Crisis  of  1866;  crisis  of  1873;  railroads; 
consolidations;  labor  organizations;  strikes;  discus 
sions  in  Congress;  Interstate  Commerce  Act  (1887). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  161,  222;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  History,  §§  176,  185,  195;  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  List  of 
Books  on  Banks  and  Banking.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
chs.  v,  xviii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  ch.  xii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  History,  chs.  xviii-xx;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United 
States,  II,  ch.  xvii;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch. 
xxii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§162-172;  Source- 
Book,  §  136;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  238-366. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  27.  —  REGULATION  OF  COM 
MERCE.  —  Manual,  §  161.] 


§53]  HISTORICAL  89 

§  53.   (1885-1907)  Readings  on  American  Empire. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  54,  85,  86,  194-196;  Actual 
Government,  §  160;  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  List  of  books  relating 
to  Colonization;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power 
(Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xix;  New  England  Hist.  Teachers' 
Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §§  90-92. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  C,  Coolidge,  United  States  as 
a  World  Power,  chs.  vi-xix;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Develop 
ment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  i,  xix;  J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV);  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv,  xvii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Repub 
lic,  ch.  viii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xviii;  W.  F. 
Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies;  Cambridge  Mod 
ern  Hist.,  VII,  ch.  xxi. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  173-196;  Source-Book, 
§  145. 

§  54.  (1885-1907)  Lectures  on  American  Empire.  (Lects. 
84-90.) 

LECT.  84.  (1883-1897)  THE  TARIFF:  war  tariff;  reductions; 
commission  of  1882;  tariff  of  1883;  election  of  1884; 
iron  manufacture;  election  of  1888;  McKinley  tariff 
(1890);  election  of  1892;  Wilson  tariff  (1894);  elec 
tion  of  1896;  Dingley  tariff  (1897). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  85,  86,  194-196;  Actual 
Government,  §  171;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History,  §§  185, 
195.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  De 
velopment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  xvii;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  iv,  xi,  xvii.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History, 
chs.  xix,  xx ;  F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff  History,  ch.  iv;  E.  Stan- 
wood,  Am.  Tariff  Controversies,  II,  chs.  xvi,  xvii. —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §  166;  text  of  tariff  acts  in  Statutes  at 
Large,  XXII,  488;  XXVI,  567;  XXVIII,  508;  XXX,  151. 


90  LECTURES   AND  READINGS  [§  54 

LECT.  85.  (1878-1900)  CURRENCY:  silver;  crisis  of  1873; 
silver  act  of  1878;  resumption  (1879);  " friends  of 
silver";  Sherman  act  (1890);  crisis  of  1894;  repeal  of 
silver  act;  election  of  1900;  gold  standard  act  (1900); 
W.  J.  Bryan. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117-120;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §207;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  History,  §§  169,  185. 
-  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Develop 
ment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  ix;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National 
Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  v,  xiv,  xvi,  xx; 
J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation, 
XXV),  ch.  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  History,  chs.  xvii,  xix;  H.  White,  Money  and 
Banking,  60-217.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§168- 
172;  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXI,  45. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  28.  —  FEDERAL  CONTROL  OVER 
CORPORATIONS.  —  Manual,  §  162.] 

LECT.  86.     (1867-1895)    AMERICAN    DIPLOMACY:    Alabama 

claims  (1868);  Cuba  (1868);  Geneva  arbitration  (1872); 

fisheries;    Isthmus    canal;     French    company     (1879); 

Alaska   seals    (1886);    Samoa    (1889);    Hawaii   (1893); 

Venezuela  (1895);  John  Hay. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  83,  84;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  188;  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  Bibliography  of  International 
Law.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National 
Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  vii,  xiii;  J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  vi; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§11,  27,  28,  33,  39-41;  J. 
W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  xi;  J.  W.  Fos 
ter,  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  chs.  x-xii;  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  x;  J.  M.  Calla- 
han,  Cuba;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Neutrality  of  Am.  Lakes;  A.  C. 
Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  chs.  x-xix.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§173-179,  185,  192-196;  Statutes  at 


§54]  HISTORICAL  91 

Large  (see  Index,  "  Treaties  ");  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations  (see 
Index);  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest  (see  Index);  W.  M.  Malloy, 
Compilation  of  Treaties  in  Force  (see  Index). 

LECT.  87.     (1895-1899)    CUBA    AND    THE    SPANISH    WAR: 
Cuban    trade;     second    revolution    (1895);    filibusters; 
intervention   (1898);   capture   of   Manila;   Cuban  Cam 
paign;  Porto  Rico;  peace;  cessions;  William  McKinley. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §§85,  86,  194;   A.  P.  C.  Grif 
fin,  Bibliography  of  Cuba.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  H. 
Latane,  America  as  a   World  Power   (Am.   Nation,  XXV), 
chs.  i-iv;  A.  B.   Hart,   Foundations,  ch.  iv;  J.   W.   Foster, 
Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  ch.  xiii;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a 
World    Power,    ch.     vi.  —  ADDITIONAL    READINGS:    H.   C. 
Lodge,  War  with  Spain;  T.  Roosevelt,   The  Rough  Riders; 
R.  A.  Alger,  Spanish- American  War.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  IV,  §§  180-185,  189;  Source-Book,  §§  140-144. 

LECT.  88.  (1898-1903)  NEW  DEPENDENCIES:  Philippine 
insurrections;  Pacific  Islands;  Porto  Rico;  tariffs;  in 
sular  decisions  (1900);  government;  protectorate;  Wil 
liam  H.  Taft. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§163,  218,  219;  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §  160;  A.  P.  C.  Griffin,  Bibliography  of  the  Phil 
ippine  Islands.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  chs.  viii, 
ix;  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv,  xvii.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  v; 
A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  vii.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§186-191;  Source-Book,  §143;  M. 
Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiv. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  29.  —  DEPENDENCIES. — Manual, 
§  163.J 


92  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§54 

LECT.  89.     (1895-1903)    THE    PANAMA    CANAL    AND    THE 
MONROE  DOCTRINE:  effect  of  the  Spanish  War;  Suez; 
surveys;  commission  (1900);    British  treaties;    negoti 
ations    with   Colombia;    Republic    of   Panama    (1903); 
treaty  with  U.  S;  invasion  of  Venezuela  (1902-1903); 
Pan-American  Congress  (1906);   Drago  doctrine. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§  85,   86,   196;  Actual  Govern 
ment,   §160.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  Na- 
tional  Development   (Am.   Nation,  XXIII),   ch.  xiii;   J.    H. 
Latane,  America  as  a   World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV), 
chs.  xii,  xv;  W.  F.  Johnston,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Panama 
Canal,  chs.  viii-xii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  ch.  xx;  A.  B. 
Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C. 
Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  v;  T.  B.  Edgington, 
The  Monroe  Doctrine.  —  SOURCES:   Contemporaries,    §§195, 
196;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  34;  Senate  Documents,  47  Cong., 

1  sess.,  No.  194;  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  237;  57  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  54;  House  Reports,  46  Cong.,  3  sess.,  No.  390;  50  Cong., 

2  sess.,  No.  4167. 

LECT.  90.     (1865-1903)  PROBLEMS  OF  ADMINISTRATIVE  RE 
SPONSIBILITY:  combinations;  trusts;  Wall  Street;  com 
missions;  "day  in  Court";  legislatures;  the  boss;  the 
leader;  Theodore  Roosevelt. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  164;  Actual  Government,  §  120; 

E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  121.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
xiii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xx;   James  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  v-viii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 

F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration,  chs.   iv-x;  J. 

A.  Fairlie,   National  Administration;  J.   A.   Fairlie,   Muni 
cipal  Administration;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Administrative  Law; 

B.  Wyman,  Administrative  Law. — SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §§  197-209. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  30.  —  ADMINISTRATIVE  RESPON 
SIBILITY.  —  Manual,  §  164.] 


§§57]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  93 

§  55.  (1775-1903)  Thirty  Lectures  on  the  History  of  the 
United  States.  (Course  B.) 

This  course  is  intended  to  cover  in  outline  the  whole 
period  of  American  history;  dwelling  less  on  details  —  for 
which  the  readings  must  supply  the  material  —  than  on 
the  salient  points,  the  evidences  of  national  standards  and 
the  results. 

The  course  will  include  six  "class-room  papers"  (Man 
ual,  §  165),  and  one  "library  report"  (Manual,  §§  231-253). 

§  56.   (1775-1789)  Readings  on  Process  of  Union. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  29,  30,  101,  102,  136, 
203;  Guide,  §§  146-156;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc., 
Historical  Sources,  §§  65,  69,  73-79. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Essentials  in  Am. 
Hist.,  chs.  vi,  vii,  ix,  xliv;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  vii,  viii;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confedera 
tion  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xi-xviii;  Cam 
bridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  viii;  A.  Johnston,  Political 
History  (Woodburn  ed.),  chs.  iv,  v. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional 
History,  chs.  ii-vii;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III;  S.  G. 
Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S. 
as  a  World  Power,  ch.  i;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs. 
i-vi;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Anglo-Saxon  Freedom;  R.  Frothingham, 
Rise  of  the  Republic. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §§130-133,  138-144; 
Source-Book,  §§  48-70;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  i-xii. 

§  57.    (1775-1789)    Lectures   on   Process   of   Union.     (Lects. 

1-8.) 

LECT.  1.     METHODS   AND   MATERIALS:   point   of  view;  lec 
tures;  text-book;  readings;  class-room  papers;  library 
reports;  examinations;  bibliographies;  aids;  secondary 
books;  sources. 
See  description  of  the  course  and  its  methods  in  Manual, 

§§2-13,  16-18. 


94  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§57 

LECT.  2.  (1497-1763)  SUBDIVISIONS  OF  AMERICA:  Spain; 
England;  Portugal;  France;  Holland;  English  Colo 
nies;  proclamation  of  1763;  Christopher  Columbus. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§66,  167,  171,  172;  Guide, 
§§81-99.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  P.  Cheyney,  Euro 
pean  Background  (Am.  Nation,  I),  chs.  i-v;  Cambridge 
Modern  Hist.,  VII,  chs.  ii-iv;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States, 
II,  chs.  xxvii,  xxix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  G. 
Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  III);  R.  G.  Thwaites, 
France  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII);  L.  G.  Tyler,  Eng 
land  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  IV);  E.  Channing,  United 
States,  I,  II;  E.  B.  Greene,  Provincial  America  (Am.  Nation, 
VI),  chs.  xi-xiii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§122- 
128;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Charters,  No.  55;  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  5. 

LECT.  3.  (1607-1775)  THE  ENGLISH  COLONIES:  early 
efforts;  Southern  group;  New  England  group;  middle 
group;  consolidations;  unions;  English  common  law; 
English  control;  acts  of  trade;  the  Empire;  John  Win- 
throp. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§67-70,  168,  169;  Guide, 
§§90-104.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  B.  Greene,  Pro 
vincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI),  chs.  xi-xiii;  E.  Channing, 
United  States,  I,  chs.  xviii-xix;  G.  L.  Beer,  Commercial 
Policy  of  England  toward  the  Colonies,  chs.  i-iv;  W.  B. 
Weeden,  Social  and  Economic  History  of  New  England,  I, 
ch.  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in 
America  (Am.  Nation,  IV);  J.  A.  Doyle,  English  in  America; 
J.  R.  Seeley,  Growth  of  British  Policy,  I,  parts  ii-iv;  C.  M. 
Andrews,  Colonial  Self  Government  (Am.  Nation,  V);  P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Colonial  Government.  -—SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
I,  §§34-54;  II,  §§45,  46,  85-87;  W.  MacDonald,  Select 
Charters,  Nos.  22,  23,  25,  28,  34. 


§57]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  95 

LECT.  4.     (1607-1775)  THE  ENGLISH  COLONISTS:  numbers; 

races;   distribution;    occupations;   social    life;    religion; 

education;  literature;  common  institutions;  Benjamin 

Franklin. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  29,  30,  99,  100,  192,  201, 
225;  Guide,  §145.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  iii;  C.  D.  Wright, 
Practical  Sociology  §§  9-32,  60-71;  Cambridge  Modern 
History,  VII,  ch.  ii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  Expansion  of  the  Am. 
People,  17-47;  J.  T.  Morse,  Benjamin  Franklin;  R.  G. 
Thwaites,  The  Colonies,  chs.  i,  v,  viii,  x;  J.  T.  Morse,  Benja 
min  Franklin.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  E.  Scudder, 
Men  and  Manners  a  Century  ago;  E.  Eggleston,  Transit 
of  Civilization;  E.  Eggleston,  Beginners  of  a  Nation;  W.  E. 
H.  Lecky,  England.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§80- 
108;  Source-Book,  §§28-35,  41-47;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments,  ch.  xi. 

LECT.  5.  (1607-1775)  IDEALS  OP  THE  AMERICANS:  free 
dom;  taxation;  equality;  individual  rights;  moral 
standards;  representation;  suffrage;  parliamentary  priv 
ilege;  compact;  written  charters;  "the  constitution"; 
James  Otis. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§29,  30,  101,  102,  142,  199; 
Guide,  §§142,  146-149,  154-156.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  i; 
C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  chs.  i-vii;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  II,  §§  130-161;  T.  Jefferson,  Works,  passim, 
see  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  xi,  xii. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  1.  —  POLITICAL  IDEALS  OF  THE 
AMERICANS.  —  Manual,  §  165.] 


96  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§57 

LECT.  6.  (1775-1783)  ISSUES  OF  THE  REVOLUTION:  trade; 
religion;  English  officials;  boundaries;  downfall  of  Colo 
nial  governments;  new  states;  military  problem;  inde 
pendence;  army;  finances;  written  constitution;  Samuel 
Adams. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§71,  72;  Guide,  §§39-48.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  E.  Howard,  Preliminaries  of  the 
Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  VIII),  chs.  xii-xviii;  C.  H.  Van 
Tyne,  American  Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  chs.  i,  and 
passim;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  viii.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  chs. 
xxxi,  and  passim;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy, 
chs.  i,  ii;  J.  Fiske,  Am.  Revolution;  G.  O.  Trevelyan,  Am. 
Revolution,  I,  chs.  iii-ix;  R.  Frothingham,  Rise  of  the  Re 
public. — SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§  191-204;  J.  Sparks, 
Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  Am.  Revolution. 

LECT.  7.  (1781-1783)  ISSUES  OF  THE  CONFEDERATION: 
draughting  a  constitution  (1778-1779);  Articles  of 
Confederation  (1781);  organization;  finances;  commerce; 
state  legislation;  disturbances;  foreign  relations,  Missis 
sippi;  Robert  Morris. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  71-72;  Guide,  §§  142,  149- 
153.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confed 
eration  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  i-iii;  D.  R. 
Dewey,  Financial  History,  ch.  ii;  R.  Hildreth,  United 
States,  III,  chs.  xxxv,  xxxviii-lxv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§734.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Fiske,  Critical  Period; 
J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  I.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§  10-15,  19. 

LECT.  8.  (1763-1788)  OPENING  OF  THE  WEST:  English 
frontier  explorations;  Valley  of  Virginia;  Watagua; 
Kentucky;  George  Rogers  Clark  (1779);  vote  of  1780; 
State  of  Franklin;  Ordinance  of  1784;  Ohio  Company; 
Northwest  Ordinance  (1787);  Manasseh  Cutler. 


§59]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  97 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§26,  29,  30,  167,  168,  171; 
Guide,  §§77,  78,  1447  150.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  i,  ii;  C.  H. 
Van  Tyne,  American  Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  ch.  xv; 
A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am. 
Nation,  X),  ch.  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  B.  A.  Hins- 
dale,  Old  Northwest,  chs.  v-xix;  T.  Roosevelt,  Winning  of 
the  West,  I,  passim;  G.  Bancroft,  United  States  (last  rev.),  Ill, 
chs.  xxvii,  xxx ;  VI,  chs.  iii,  vi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
II,  §§  134-137;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  16,  32. 

§  58.   (1789-1829)  Readings  on  Strengthening  of  the  Union. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§31,  32,  37,  77,  78,  109, 
112;  Guide,  §§  174-179;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc., 
Historical  Sources,  §§  79-83. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confedera 
tion  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  xix;  K.  C.  Bab- 
cock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs. 
xiii-xviii;  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation, 
XI),  chs.  i-iii,  xii;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am. 
Nation,  XIV),  chs.  i,  vi,  vii,  xii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I, 
ch.  xix;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.)r 
I,  ch.  xvii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§54-150;  Source-Book, 
§§71-88;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  8,  18,  28,  30;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  6-46. 

§  59.   (1789-1829)   Lectures  on  Strengthening  of  the  Union. 

(Lects.  9-15.) 

LECT.  9.  (1787-1793)  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION:  de 
fects  of  the  Confederation;  proposed  amendments;  con 
temporary  suggestions;  Annapolis  Convention  (1786); 
call;  delegates;  Federal  Convention  (May,  1787); 
methods;  difficulties;  compromises;  completion;  sub 
mission;  state  conventions;  difficulties;  ratifications; 


98  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§59 

elections;  organization  (1789);   Congress;  departments; 

courts;  James  Madison. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§101,  102;  Guide,  §§56-58.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Essentials  of  Am.  Hist., 
chs.  xii-xx;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and  Constitu 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xi-xviii;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  ch.  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J. 
Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xxxi-xxxviii;  J.  A.  Jame 
son,  Constitutional  Conventions,  chs.  i-iii;  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evo 
lution  of  the  Constitution;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Political  Institu 
tions,  chs.  ii,  iii;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn 
ed.),  chs.  iv,  v;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  ch.  xlvii; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs.  v-vii;  J.  S.  Landon, 
Constitutional  Hist.,  chs.  v-vii. — SOURCES:  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
No.  8;  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  64-75. 

LECT.  10.  (1793-1801)  PARTIES  AND  POLITICAL  ORGANI 
ZATION:  lines  of  division;  leaders;  Federalists;  Repub 
licans;  foreign  policy;  Whiskey  Rebellion  (1794); 
French  War  (1798);  election  of  1800-1801;  Alexander 
Hamilton. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§33,  34,  103,  104;  Guide, 
§160.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  ix;  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist 
System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  iii,  xix;  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Political  Parties,  ch.  ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Adams, 
United  States,  I,  chs.  iii-v;  J.  Macy,  Political  Parties,  ch.  ii. 
-SOURCES:  Contemporaries.  Ill,  §§  85-91;  Source-Book, 
§§  71-76. 

LECT.  11.     (1801-1815)    EVIDENCES   OF   NATIONAL  WEAK 
NESS:  Jefferson;  policy;  annexation  of  Louisiana  (1803); 
Barbary  Wars;  neutral  trade;  embargo;  Madison;  War 
of  1812;  peace  of  Ghent  (1814);  Thomas  Jefferson. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§   35,  36,  73,  74;  Guide,  §§  167- 

173.  —  SECONDARY   READINGS:    E.    Channing,    Jeffersonian 


§59]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  99 

System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xiii-xx;  K.  C.  Babcock, 
Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  i-xii; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  I,  chs.  xvi,  xvii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  III,  chs.  xviii- 
xxi;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  IV,  chs.  iv-xix;  J.  W.  Foster, 
Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  vi.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§106-129;  Source-Book,  §§78-87;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  24-32. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2. — JEFFERSONIAN  DEMOCRACY. 
—  Manual,  §  124.] 

LECT.  12.     (1801-1821)  EXPANSION  WESTWARD:  numbers; 

routes  of  travel;  new  social  life;  new  states;  influence 

on  politics;  Missouri  Compromise;  Henry  Clay. 

BIBLIOGAPHY:    Manual,    §§35-38,    73,    74,    178;    Guide, 

§§  168,  180.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffer- 

sonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iv-vii;  F.  J.  Turner, 

Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  v-viii;  T. 

Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  IV,  ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL 

READINGS:   H.  Adams,    United  States,  II,   chs.  i-vi;  E.  E. 

Sparks,   Expansion  of  the  American  People,  chs.  xvii-xxv; 

B.   A.  Hinsdale,    Old   Northwest,    chs.   xvi-xix.  —  SOURCES: 

Contemporaries,    III,     §§111-141;     Source-Book,    §§78-94; 

T.  Roosevelt,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  chs.  i-iii. 

LECT.  13.  (1815-1829)  COMMERCE  AND  TRANSPORTATION: 
trade;  manufactures;  banks;  commerce;  steamboats; 
constitutional  question  of  internal  improvements;  Cum 
berland  Road;  fisheries;  surveys;  infant  railroads; 
DeWitt  Clinton. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§38,  77,  78,  138,  143;  Guide, 
§§  174-179.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  Finan 
cial  Hist.,  ch.  vii;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality 
(Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  xiii-xv;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the 
New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  ix,  xiii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  IV,  chs.  xxx- 


100  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§59 

xxxiii;  F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff  History,  1-67;  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xvi;  J.  S.  Young, 
Cumberland  Road;  A.  B.  Hollins,  Old  National  Road.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  129,  134. 

LECT.  14.     (1807-1826)    POLICY   TOWARD   LATIN-AMERICA: 

French   in   Spain    (1807);   revolts;   restoration    (1814); 

new  revolts;  trade;  recognition;  Canning's  proposition; 

Monroe's    message    (1823);    Panama   Congress    (1826); 

John  Quincy  Adams. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  37,  38,  77,  78,  145,  172,  182, 
183;  Guide,  §§168,  178.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J, 
Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii; 
K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII), 
ch.  xvii;  W.  C.  Ford,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  the  Monroe 
Doctrine  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  VII,  676-696;  VIII,  28-52). 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii; 
J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI, 
ch.  xx ;  W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe  Doctrine;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Monroe  Doctrine  in  its  Territorial  Application.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§142-150;  W.  MacDonald,  Select 
Documents,  No.  34. 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    3.  —  MONROE     DOCTRINE.  - 
Manual,  §  145.] 

LECT.  15.  (1787-1829)  POLITICAL  RESULTS  OF  HALF  A 
CENTURY:  population;  movement;  suffrage;  qualifica 
tions  for  office;  elective  officials;  elective  judges;  city 
governments;  national  spirit;  relation  to  rest  of  the 
world;  Martin  Van  Buren. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§33-37.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI); 
F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV), 
ch.  xv ;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  xiv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Von  Hoist,  United 
Slates,  I,  168-180;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History,  chs.  vii-xii; 


§61]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  101 

J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  vii-xii.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  99-105,  150;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages 
and  Papers,  II,  passim. 

§  60.   (1829-1865)  Readings  on  Danger  to  the  Union. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  41,  43,  44,  141,  149;  Guide, 
§§  183-189;  New  Eng.  Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical 
Sources,  §§84-88. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Essentials  of  Am. 
Hist.,  chs.  xxi-xxx;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xix;  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian 
Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  v,  ix;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs.  iv-xix; 
F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XIX);  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX). 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States, 
II,  chs.  iv,  vi,  viii-xiv;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI; 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I-V. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§151-189;  IV,  §§  7- 
14;  Source-Book,  §§  90-126. 

§  61.  (1829-1865)  Lectures  on  Danger  to  the  Union.  (Lects. 
16-22.) 

LECT.  16.  (1829-1861)  AMERICAN  GENIUS:  statesmen;  pul 
pit;  education;  literature;  philanthropy;  journalism; 
inventions;  corporate  management;  politicians;  Ralph 
Waldo  Emerson. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  41-50;  Guide,  §  180.  —  READ 
INGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
xii;  B.  Wendell,  Literary  History  of  America,  books  IV— VI; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch. 
ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  Expansion  of 
the  American  People,  chs.  xxvi-xxviii;  C.  D.  Wright,  Indus 
trial  Evolution,  chs.  x,  xi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  151-157,  165-168. 


102  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  61 

LECT.  17.  (1829-1841)  NEW  NATIONAL  DEMOCRACY:  effect 
of  West;  effect  of  South;  Andrew  Jackson;  spoils  sys 
tem;  bank;  tariff;  nullification;  deposits;  lands;  sur 
plus;  election  of  1836;  panic  of  1837;  sub-treasury; 
Andrew  Jackson. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  39,  40,  147;  Guide  §§  180- 
185.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian 
Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  iii-v,  xi,  xiv,  xvii,  xviii; 
J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  Ivii;  E.  E.  Sparks, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  i.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  ch.  iv;  E.  Stan  wood,  Hist,  of 
the  Presidency,  chs.  xi,  xiv;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson; 
C.  E.  Merriam,  Political  Theories,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  158-164;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  Nos.  46-68;  Source-Book,  §  102. 

LECT.  18.     (1619-1861)  NEGRO  SLAVERY:  English;  Indian; 
indentured   servants;    African   trade;   state   emancipa 
tions  (1777-1804);  national  questions;  status  of  slaves; 
territorial  questions;  effects  of  slavery;  John  C.  Calhoun. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§42-45,    99,    100,    150,    152; 
Guide,    §§152,   161,   177,   186-194,   196-203.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  M.  S.  Locke,  Anti-Slavery  in  America,   chs.  i-iiir 
v,  vi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI), 
chs.  iv-x.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:    J.  F.  Rhodes,   United 
States,  I-V,  passim;  W.  G.  McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves;  W. 
E.  B.  DuBois,  Suppression   of  the  Slave  Trade;  W.  H.  Sie- 
bert,    Underground    Railroad.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries? 
Ill,  §§  10,  65,  135,  136,  169-189;  IV,  §§  15-48. 

LECT.  19.     (1831-1861)     THE     ABOLITION    CONTROVERSY: 
early;  New  England;  middle  states;  West;  principles; 
propaganda;   efforts   to   silence;   effect   on   the   South; 
effect  on  the  North;  William  Lloyd  Garrison. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§41-43;  Guide,  §187.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am* 


§61]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  103 

Nation,  XVI),  chs.  xii-xviii,  xxi;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  VI,  271-298;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  ch.  vi; 
H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  II,  ch.  ii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  IV,  202-228,  296- 
313;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  iii,  iv;  O.  Johnson, 
William  Lloyd  Garrison.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  174-178;  Source-Book,  §§  74-101;  Old  South  Leaflets,  IV, 
Nos.  78-82. 

LECT.  20.     (1829-1861)    TERRITORIAL    EXPANSION:    Maine 
(1842);   Texas    (1845);   Oregon    (1846);   Mexican   War 
(1846);  California  and  New  Mexico   (1848);  Gadsden 
(1853);  designs  in  Cuba  and  Central  America;  develop 
ment  of  West;  territories  and  slavery;  Daniel  Webster. 
SECONDARY  READINGS:    G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Exten 
sion  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  i,  ii,  vi-x;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  vii,  viii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI, 
458-463.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:    H.  Von  Hoist,  United 
States,  II,  ch.  vii;  III,  ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
III,  §§  185,  189;  IV,  §§  7-22;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  No.  71;  Source-Book,  §§  103,  106. 

LECT.  21.  (1854-1861)  CAUSES  OF  CIVIL  WAR:  intensity 
of  feeling;  territories;  fugitives;  personal  liberty  bills; 
Dred  Scott  (1857);  John  Brown  (1859);  election  of 
Lincoln  (1860);  compromise;  coercion;  Fort  Sumter; 
William  H.  Seward. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§45,  46,  150,  154,  191;  Guide, 
§§  200-203. —  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xvii;  F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of 
the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX).  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  ch.  v;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  II;  III;  E.  E.  Sparks,  United  States,  II,  chs. 
xi,  xii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§29-74;  Source- 
Book,  §§  107-114;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  2,  23. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  4.  —  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  THE 
CIVIL  WAR.  —  Manual,  §  157.] 


104  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§61 

LECT.  22.     (1861-1865)  LESSONS  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR:  out 
break;  lack  of  preparation;  military  problem;  blockade; 
campaigns;  commanders;  resources;  paper  money;  civil 
life;  emancipation;  end  of  the  war;  Abraham  Lincoln. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,    §§49,  50,  81,  82,   188;  Guide, 
§§  204-214.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal 
to  Arms  (Am.  Nation,  XX),  chs.  xiv,  xx;  J.  K.  Hosmer, 
Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  i,  iv, 
viii,  ix,  xv-xvii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.   11. — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  III-V; 
J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  x;  Cambridge 
Modern   Hist.,    VII,    chs.    xviii,    xix;    J.    Schouler,    United 
States,   VI,   ch.   i.  —  SOURCES:   Contemporaries,   IV,    §§75- 
140;  Source-Book,  §§  115-126. 

§  62.   (1865-1903)  Readings  on  National  Readjustment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§51,  52,  160;  New  Eng. 
Hist.  Teachers'  Assoc.,  Historical  Sources,  §§  89-92. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Essentials  of  Am. 
Hist.,  chs.  xxxi-xxxvi;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  viii,  xiii;  W.  A.  Dunning, 
Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII);  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  85-99. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
V,  ch.  xxx;  VI,  chs.  xxxi-xxxvi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  chs.  xiii-xiv;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power, 
ch.  vii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIII),  chs.  i,  vi;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power 
(Am.  Nation,  XXV),  chs.  i-iv,  vi,  xii,  xv. 

SOURCES.  — Contemporaries,  IV,  §§141-157,  180-196; 
Source-Book,  §§  127-145. 

§  63.  (1865-1907)  Lectures  on  National  Readjustment. 
(Lects.  23-30.) 

LECT.  23.     (1865-1877)   RECONSTRUCTION:   problems;  Lin 
coln's  plan;  Johnson's  plan;  congressional  plan;  stat- 


§63]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  105 

utes    (1867);    military    governments;    negro    suffrage; 

three  amendments;   new  state  governments;   KuKlux 

(1871);  force  acts;  rival  governments;  election  of  1876; 

troops  withdrawn  (1877);  James  G.  Blaine. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§51,  52,  160.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation, 
XXII),  chs.  ii-vii,  xi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs. 
xiii,  xiv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  VI,  chs.  xxxi,  xxxiii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  ch.  iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  141-157;  Source-Book,  §§  127-132. 

LECT.  24.     (1867-1907)    FINANCES   AND   FINANCIERS:   war 
debts;  reduction;  repudiations;   greenbacks;  taxation; 
banks;  silver  (1878);  resumption  (1879);  tariffs  (1883- 
1897);  public  debts;  panics;  John  Sherman. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§51-54,  117-120,  161,  222.- 
SECONDARY    READINGS:    D.    R.    Dewey,    Financial    Hist., 
chs.    xvii-xx;    E.    E.    Sparks,    National   Development    (Am. 
Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  ix;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems 
(Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  v,  xiv,  xx;  J.  H.  Latane,  Amer 
ica   as   a    World   Power    (Am.    Nation,    XXV),    ch.    vii.  - 
SOURCES:     Contemporaries,    IV,    §§  158-172;     Source-Book, 
§136. 

LECT.  25.     (1866-1907)    IMMIGRANTS   AND   LAND-SEEKERS: 
rate  of  immigration;  westward  movement;  new  states; 
status  of  aliens;  effect  on  institutions;  Chinese;  Japanese. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§99,    100,    119,    120,    155.- 
READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIII),  chs.  v,  xiv;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World 
Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xvii;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practi 
cal  Sociology,  ch.  vii;  H.  G.  Wells,  Future  of  America;  ch. 
ix;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.   Mayo-Smith,   Emigration 
and  Immigration;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration;  J.  R.  Commons, 


106  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  63 

Races  and  Immigrants.  —  SOURCES:  Commissioner  of  Immi 
gration,  Reports;  Industrial  Commission,  Report,  XV. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5.  —  LIMITATIONS  ON  IMMIGRA 
TION.  —  Manual,  §  225.] 

LECT.  26.  (1867-1907)  COMMERCE  AND  TRANSPORTATION: 
railroads;  land  grants;  canals;  consolidations;  panic  of 
1873;  internal  improvements;  subsidies  to  steamers; 
interstate  commerce  act  (1887);  Sherman  act  (1890); 
Elkins  act  (1903);  rate  regulation  act  (1907);  meat 
bill;  drug  bill;  Panama  Canal. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§119,  120,  138,  143.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  xiii,  xvi;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  chs.  xiv,  xv;  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  xiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  R. 
Johnson,  Am.  Railway  Transportation;  J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xii; 
W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  chs.  vi-xvii. 

—  SOURCES:    Interstate    Commerce    Commission,   Reports; 
Commissioner   of   Navigation,  Reports;  Industrial  Commis 
sion  on  Transportation,  Report,  IV,   1-32;  Contemporaries,. 
IV,  §§162-167. 

LECT.  27.  (1867-1907)  INDUSTRIAL  COMBINATIONS:  cor 
porations;  Standard  Oil;  trusts;  combines;  labor  organ 
izations;  strikes;  syndicates;  Wall  Street;  traction 
companies;  effect  on  politics. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  119,  120;  Actual  Government, 
§  207.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§208- 
209,  212;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  xiii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  ch.  xii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  ch.  civ. 

—  ADDITIONAL   READINGS:   C.    D.    Wright,    Practical   Soci 
ology,  ch.  xxiv;  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and  Empire,  ch. 
vii;   E.   R.    A.    Seligman,    Economics,    ch.    vii.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  203-209. 


§63]  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  107 

LECT.  28.  (1867-1907)  ADMINISTRATIVE  REFORM:  civil 
service;  act  of  1883;  state  acts;  classified  service; 
cities;  boards  and  commissions;  responsible  executives; 
decisions  by  commissions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  53,  54,  164;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  120.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xiii;  E.  McClain,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  ch.  xx ;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration; 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration, 
chs.  iv-x;  B.  Wyman,  Administrative  Law.  —  SOURCES: 
Source-Book,  §  137:  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXII,  403. 

LECT.  29.  (1867-1907)  DEPENDENCIES:  Alaska  (1867); 
seal  question;  northwestern  states;  annexation  of 
Hawaii  (1898);  Porto  Rico  and  Philippines  (1899); 
Tutuila;  Cuban  protectorate;  Insular  decisions  (1900— 
1901);  William  McKinley. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  53,  54,  163,  218,  219.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World 
Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  chs.  viii,  ix;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foun 
dations,  ch.  v;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch. 
vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Consti 
tutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv,  xvii;  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Terri 
tories  and  Dependencies.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  186-191;  Source-Book,  §  149. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  6.  —  DEPENDENCIES.  —  Manual, 
§  163.] 

LECT.  30.     (1880-1907)  THE  WORLD  POWER:  isthmus  ques 
tion    (1880);    South    America    (1881);     Chile     (1890); 
Venezuela  (1895);  Spanish  War  (1898);  Isthmus  (1903); 
Hague   (1907);  responsibility;  Theodore  Roosevelt. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,     §§53,    54,    85,    86,    194-196; 

Actual  Government,    §160.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.   H. 

Latane,  America  as  a   World  Power   (Am.  Nation,  XXV); 


108  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§63 

A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  chs.  vi-xix;  D.  R. 
Dewey,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs. 
i-xix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Con 
stitutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv,  xvii;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Ameri 
can  Republic,  ch.  viii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  173-196;  Am.  Hist.  Leaf 
lets,  No.  34,  Source-Book,  §  145. 

§  64.   Ninety  Lectures  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course  C). 

The  course  covers  the  whole  field  of  diplomacy  respect 
ing  America.  The  first  half-year  will  include  the  period 
from  1492  to  about  1822;  the  second  half-year  covers  the 
time  from  1822  to  the  present  day. 

Abbreviated  references  in  this  list  are  as  follows: 

J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations.  —  John  Bassett  Moore,  History 
and  Digest  of  the  International  Arbitrations  to  which  the 
United  States  has  been  a  Party  (6  vols.,  Washington,  1895). 

Contemporaries.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  His 
tory  told  by  Contemporaries  (4  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1897-1901). 

J.  B.  Moore,  Digest.  —  John  Bassett  Moore,  A  Digest  of 
International  Law  (8  vols.,  Washington,  1906). 

Foundations.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  The  Foundations 
of  American  Foreign  Policy  (N.  Y.,  1901). 

Guide.  —  Edward  Channing  and  Albert  Bushnell  Hart, 
Guide  to  the  Study  of  American  History  (Boston,  1896). 

Manual.  —  This  book  (Cambridge,  1908). 

Source-Book.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Source-Book  of 
American  History  (N.  Y.,  1899). 

The  references  appended  to  the  separate  lectures  are  to 
selected  monographs  or  to  special  treatment  in  secondary 
works;  they  do  not  in  general  include  detailed  references  to 
books  included  in  the  parallel  readings  nor  to  sources; 
and  they  call  attention  to  only  a  small  part  of  the  avail 
able  literature. 


§  66]  DIPLOMA  TIC  109 

§  66.   (1492-1607)  Readings  on  European  Claims  to  America. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §167;  Guide,  §§82-87,  92- 
95. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America 
(Am.  Nation,  III),  chs.  i-iii,  v-vii,  x-xiv;  L.  G.  Tyler,  England 
in  America  (Am.  Nation,  IV),  ch.  i;  R.  G.  Thwaites,  France 
in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  ch.  i;  R.  Hildreth,  United 
States,  I,  ch.  i;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I,  chs.  i-v. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  in  Stepping 
Stones  of  Am.  History,  ch.  i;  J.  R.  Seeley,  Expansion  of 
England,  course  1,  lects.  3-7;  J.  Winsor,  Christopher  Colum 
bus;  J.  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  II;  III,  chs. 
i-iv;  IV,  chs.  i,  ii;  J.  Fiske,  Discovery  of  America;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  §  §  80,  81 ;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII, 
chs.  i-iv. 

§  66.    (1492-1607)  Lectures  on  European  Claims  to  America. 

(Lects.  1-6.) 

LECT.  1.  AIMS,  METHODS,  AND  MATERIALS  OF  THE  COURSE: 
Bibliography  and  suggestions  in  Manual,  §§  1-13, 
19-21,  166-197,  270-282;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations, 
ch.  viii;  Guide,  §§  17,  21,  25,  28,  29,  32,  35. 

LECT.  2.  (1300-1500)  TERRITORIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL  CON 
CEPTIONS:  rivalries  in  Europe;  conditions  of  foreign 
trade;  Oriental  trade. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §61.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E. 
P.  Cheyney,  European  Background  (Am.  Nation,  I),  chs.  i-v; 
E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  III),  ch.  i;  E. 
Channing,  United  States,  I,  ch.  i;  J.  R.  Seeley,  Growth  of 
British  Policy,  I,  part  i,  ch.  vi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
I,  §§  44-47. 

LECT.  3.  (1492-1500)  DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA:  interna 
tional  significance;  diplomatic  adjustments;  Bull  of 
1493;  treaty  of  Tordesillas. 


110  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§66 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §167;  Guide,  §§82-84.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am. 
Nation,  III),  chs.  ii-iv;  E.  Charming,  United  States,  I,  ch.  i; 
R.  G.  Thwaites,  France  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  ch.  i; 
W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  ch.  i.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Winsor,  Columbus;  J.  Fiske,  Discovery 
of  America;  H.  Harisse,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  America.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  I,  §§  17-20;  Source-Book,  §  1. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  1. —  PRINCIPLES  OF  EUROPEAN 
CLAIMS  TO  WILD  TERRITORY.  —  Manual,  §  167.] 

LECT.  4.  (1500-1600)  SPANISH  AND  FRENCH  CLAIMS:  dis 
coveries;  explorations;  colonies;  rivalries. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §172;  Guide,  §§85-99.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am. 
Nation,  III),  chs.  vi-xvi;  R.  G.  Thwaites,  France  in  America 
(Am.  Nation,  VII),  ch.  i;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I, 
chs.  ii-iv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F.  Parkman,  France 
in  the  New  World,  1-222;  J.  Fiske,  Discovery  of  America,  II; 
R.  G.  Watson,  Spanish  and  Portuguese  in  South  America,  I; 
J.  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  II,  chs.  iii-viii.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  I,  §§6,  21-25,  34-36;  Hakluyt, 
Voyages. 

LECT.  5.     (1496-1600)    ENGLISH   CLAIMS:   discoveries;    the 

Cabots;  John  Rut;  Gilbert  and  Raleigh;  navigators. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §171;  Guide,  §§92-95.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am. 
Nation,  III),  ch.  v;  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in  America  (Am. 
Nation,  IV),  chs.  i,  ii;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I,  ch.  v. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Doyle,  English  Colonies,  I, 
ch.  iv;  C.  P.  Lucas,  Historical  Geography,  V,  ch.  i;  J.  Winsor, 
Mississippi  Basin,  ch.  xv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
I,  §§26-33,  48;  Source-Book,  §§2,  4,  5;  E.  Arber,  First 
three  English  Books  on  America. 


§68]  DIPLOMATIC  111 

§  67.    (1607-1689)  Readings  on  Rival  Colonial  Systems. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §167;  Guide,  §§90,  91,  97, 
104. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in  America 
(Am.  Nation,  IV),  chs.  iii-xvii;  R.  G.  Thwaites,  France  in 
America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  chs.  i-iv;  E.  Charming,  United 
States,  I,  chs.  vii-xix;  F.  Parkman,  Pioneers  of  New  France, 
20&-420. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  A.  Doyle,  English  in  Amer 
ica,  chs.  vi-xii;  W.  B.  Munro,  Seigniorial  System,  chs.  ii-x; 
J.  R.  Seeley,  Growth  of  British  Policy,  I,  parts  ii-iv;  Justin 
Winsor,  Cartier  to  Frontenac;  Justin  Winsor,  Narrative  and 
Critical  Hist.,  Ill,  chs.  v,  vi;  IV,  chs.  iii,  v,  viii,  ix. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  I,  §§34-54;  Documents  re 
lating  to  the  Colonial  Hist,  of  New  York  (see  Index  vol.); 
E.  Arber,  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

§  68.  (1607-1689)  Lectures  on  Rival  Colonial  Systems. 
(Lects.  6-9.) 

LECT.  6.    (1600-1700)  TREATIES  WITH  THE  INDIANS:  nego 
tiations;  councils;  interpreting;  land  cessions;  alliances. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  168.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
L.  Farrand,  Basis  of  American  History  (Am.  Nation,  II),  chs. 
vi-xvi;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I  (see  Index);  F.  W. 
Hodge,  Handbook  of  American  Indians  (Bureau  of  Am. 
Ethnology,  Bulletin,  No.  30);  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  I 
(see  index  in  vol.  VI).  —  SOURCES:  W.  W.  Hening,  Stat 
utes,  I,  104-109,  323-326,  382-384,  458-459;  Contempora 
ries,  I,  §§60,  64,  91,  92,  113,  123,  127,  133,  152;  C.  C. 
Royce,  Indian  Land  Cessions  in  the  U.  S.  (Bureau  of  Am. 
Ethnology,  Eighteenth  Annual  Report,  1896-97),  527-646. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2.  —  THEORY  OF  INDIAN  LAND 
HOLDING.  —  Manual,  §  168.] 


112  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§68 

LECT.  7.     (1600-1689)  ENGLISH  INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS 

IN  AMERICA:  treaties  of  St.  Germain  (1632);  Westphalia 

(1648);  Breda  (1667);  Madrid  (1670). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Guide,     §§90,     91,     131.  —  SECONDARY 

READINGS:  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in  America  (Am.  Nation, 

IV),  ch.  xvii;  E.  Charming,  United  States,  I,  108,  461-485; 

II,    ch.    viii.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    I,     §§37,    43; 

Source-Book,    §  36;   General  Collection    of  Treaty s  (London, 

1732),    I,    1-38,   (Westphalia);  127-135,  (Breda);   162-167, 

(Madrid);  see  also  George  Chalmers,  Collection  of  Treaties. 

LECT.  8.  (1600-1664)  DUTCH  AND  SWEDES  EXPELLED: 
Dutch  settlement  (1618);  Thirty  Years  War;  Swedish 
settlement  (1638);  Dutch  annexations  (1655);  Conquest 
of  Dutch  (1664);  Willem  Usselinx. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §§  104,  107;  J.  F.  Jameson,  Willem 
Usselinx,  Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  II,  349-368.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in  America  (Am. 
Nation,  IV),  ch.  xvii;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I,  ch. 
xvii;  C.  M.  Andrews,  Colonial  Self -Government  (Am.  Nation, 
V),  ch.  v.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.  Hildreth,  United 
States,  I,  ch.  xiii;  J.  Fiske,  Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies,  I, 
chs.  iv-ix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  I,  §§150-155,  158, 
159;  Documents  relating  to  the  Colonial  Hist,  of  New  York 
(see  Index  vol.). 

LECT.  9.     (1660-1770)  BRITISH  ACTS  OF  TRADE:    statutes; 

commissions;  smuggling;  piracy;  Edward  Randolph. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  169;  Guide,  §  133.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  C.  M.  Andrews,  Colonial  Self-Govern 
ment  (Am.  Nation,  V),  chs.  i,  xix;  E.  Channing,  United 
States,  I,  chs.  xviii,  xix;  E.  Channing,  Navigation  Laws; 
G.  L.  Beer,  Commercial  Policy  of  England  toward  the  Colo 
nies,  chs.  i-iv;  E.  L.  Lord,  Industrial  Experiments  in  the 
British  Colonies.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  J.  Ashley, 
Surveys,  Historic  and  Economic,  309-360;  P.  S.  Reinsch, 


§70]  DIPLOMATIC  113 

Colonial  Government,  chs.  v,  xiv,  xv:  W.  B.  Weeden,  Social 
and  Econ.  Hist,  of  New  England,  I,  ch.  vii.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  I,  §§  83,  154;  II,  §§  19,  45,  46,  85,  87;  Am. 
Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  19;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Charters,  Nos. 
22,  23,  25,  28,  34;  E.  Randolph,  Letters. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  3.  —  EXECUTION  OF  THE  BRITISH 
ACTS  OF  TRADE.  —  Manual,  §  170.] 

§  69.  (1689-1775)  Readings  on  Struggle  for  Supremacy  in 
America. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  170;  Guide,  §§  131,  132. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  E.  Channing,  United  States,  II, 
chs.  xxii,  xxiii;  E.  B.  Greene,  Provincial  America  (Am. 
Nation,  VI),  chs.  vii-x;  R.  G.  Thwaites,  France  in  America 
(Am.  Nation,  VII),  chs.  vi,  vii,  x-xvii;  R.  Hildreth,  United 
States,  II,  chs.  xx,  xxii,  xxv,  xxvi;  M.  Burrows,  Foreign 
Policy  of  Great  Britain,  chs.  iii-vi. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Influence  of  Sea 
Power  on  Hist.  1600-1783;  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  England  in 
the  Eighteenth  Century,  I— III;  F.  Parkman,  Frontenac  and 
New  France;  Half  Century  of  Conflict;  Montcalm  and  Wolfe; 
S.  Walpole,  Foreign  Relations,  ch.  i;  J.  Winsor,  Narrative 
and  Critical  Hist.,  IV,  chs.  iv,  vii;  V,  chs.  i,  vii,  viii;  J. 
Winsor,  Mississippi  Basin;  Cambridge  Modern  Hist.,  VIIr 
chs.  ii-iv;  J.  A.  Doyle,  English  Colonies. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §§117-119;  Documents 
relating  to  the  Colonial  Hist,  of  New  York  (see  Index  vol.); 
Collection  of  Treatys  (1732). 

§  70.   (1689-1775)    Lectures   on   Struggle  for   Supremacy   in. 

America.     (Lects.  10-15.) 

LECT.  10  (1689)  STATUS  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW:  pub 
licists;  sovereignty;  intercourse;  the  Levant;  neutrality; 
privateers;  prizes;  mercenaries;  armies  in  the  field; 
title  to  wild  territory;  piracy;  authentication  of  vessels; 
balance  of  power. 


114  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§70 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  170.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
H.  Wheaton,  Hist,  of  the  Law  of  Nations;  Wilson  and  Tucker, 
International  Law,  §§  9,  12,  23,  35;  T.  J.  Lawrence,  Inter 
national  Law,  §§30-41;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§1,  2; 
C.  Calvo,  Le  Droit  International,  I,  35-47;  E.  S.  Creasy, 
International  Law,  chs.  ii-v;  T.  D.  Woolsey,  International 
Law,  App. 

LECT.  11.  (1689-1740)  INTERCOLONIAL  WARS:  Spanish 
Succession;  Louisiana  (1699);  Indian  allies;  treaty  of 
Ryswick  (1697);  of  Utrecht  (1713);  Asiento  (1713); 
boundaries  of  Florida;  treaty  of  Seville  (1729);  of 
Pardo  (1739);  Louis  XIV. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §131.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
E.  Channing,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xxii;  E.  B.  Greene,  Pro 
vincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI),  chs.  vii-x;  R.  Hildreth, 
United  States,  II,  chs.  xx,  xxii;  J.  W.  Gerard,  Peace  of 
Utrecht.  —  SOURCES :  Contemporaries,  II,  §§117-121;  W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Charters,  Nos.  45,  47;  W.  Coxe,  Robert 
Walpole;  Collection  of  Treatys  (London,  1732),  I,  309-317 
(Ryswick);  III,  398-492  (Utrecht);  375-397  (Asiento);  IV, 
201-209  (Seville);  213-216  (Cherokee  Treaty);  House  of 
Commons,  Journals,  XXIII,  213  (Pardo). 

LECT.  12.     (1740-1756)     INTERCOLONIAL  WARS  RENEWED: 

claims  on  the  Ohio;  sea  power;  peace  of  Aix  la  Chapelle 

(1748);  war  in  the  West  (1754);  European  war  (1756); 

Robert  Walpole. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Guide,    §132.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS: 

R.  G.  Thwaites,  France  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  chs. 

vii,  ix-xi;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xxv;  Cambridge 

Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  iv;  A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea  Power,  chs. 

vii,    viii.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    II,    §§122-127;   W. 

Coxe,  Memoirs  of  Sir  Robert  Walpole;  W.  MacDonald,  Select 

Charters,  No.  51  (treaty  of  Aix  la  Chapelle). 


§70]  DIPLOMATIC  115 

LECT.  13.  (1756-1763)  SEVEN  YEARS  WAR:  privateering; 
neutral  trade;  rule  of  1756;  treaty  of  Paris  (1763); 
reconstruction  of  the  map  of  America;  Earl  of  Chatham. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §170;  Guide,  §132.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  United  States,  ch.  xxiii;  R. 
G.  Thwaites,  France  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  chs. 
xii-xvii;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  II,  chs.  xxvi,  xxvii; 
H.  Wheaton,  Hist  of  the  Law  of  Nations,  200-229;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §180.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F. 
Parkman,  Montcalm  and  Wolfe;  B.  Fernow,  Ohio  Valley  in 
Colonial  Days,  chs.  iv-vii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II, 
S§  128,  129;  Source-Book,  §§  38-40;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No. 
5;  G.  S.  Kimball,  Correspondence  of  William  Pitt. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  4.  —  RULE  OF  1756.  —  Manual, 
§  170.] 

LECT.  14.     (1689-1775)    IMPERIAL  RELATIONS:   Sugar  Act 
(1733);  Sugar  Act  (1764);  local  negotiations;  relations 
with   French  and   Spanish  colonies;  representation  in 
England;  Proclamation  of  1763;  Quebec  Act  (1774). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §§133,  135.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  E.  B.  Greene,  Provincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI), 
•chs.  xi-xiii;  G.  E.  Howard,  Preliminaries  of  the  Revolution 
(Am.   Nation,  VIII);  R.   Hildreth,    United  States,   II,   chs. 
xxviii,  xxix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  Roosevelt,  Win 
ning  of  the  West,  I;  V.  Coffin,  Province  of  Quebec,  chs.  v,  vi, 
-  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §  73;  W.  MacDonald,  Select 
Charters,    No.    55;   6   Geo.  II,   ch.   xiii  (Sugar  Act,  1733); 
4  Geo.  Ill,  ch.  xv.  (Sugar  Act,  1764);  14  Geo.  Ill,  ch.  Ixxxiii 
(Quebec  Act);  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  5. 

LECT.  15.     (1689-1775)    FOREIGN    IMMIGRATION:    English; 

Huguenot;  German;   Scotch-Irish;   Irish;  West  Indian; 

slave-trade;  naturalization  and  denization. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §  145.  —  READINGS:  E.  B.  Greene, 
Provincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI),  ch.  xiv;  J.  R.  Com- 


116  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  70> 

mons,  Races  and  Immigrants,  ch.  ii;  F.  B.  Dexter,  Estimates 
of  Colonial  Population;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration,  ch.  i;  R. 
Mayo-Smith,  Emigration  and  Immigration,  12-15,  33-40; 
E.  E.  Proper,  Colonial  Immigration  Laws. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5.  —  BASES  OF  ENGLISH  CLAIMS 
TO  AMERICA.  —  Manual,  §  171.] 

§  71.  (1775-1788)  Readings  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution 
and  Confederation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  174;  Guide,  §§139,  141;  J. 
Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VII;  F.  Wharton, 
Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  Am.  Revolution. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolu 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  chs.  xii,  xvi,  xvii;  A.  C.  McLaughlinr 
Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  i,  iir 
vi;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  chs.  i,  ii;  H. 
Wheaton,  Hist,  of  the  Law  of  Nations,  290-309. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III, 
chs.  xxxv,  xxxviii,  xxxix,  xlv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  734; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  1-5,  14,  23,  42-44,  57-61;  F. 
Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  Am.  Revolution, 
I,  Introduction;  E.  E.  Hale,  Franklin  in  France,  I;  W.  E.  H. 
Lecky,  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,  IV,  chs.  xiv,  xv; 
J.  T.  Morse,  John  Adams,  chs.  vii-ix;  G.  Pellew,  John  Jay, 
chs.  vi-ix;  W.  H.  Trescot,  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution;  T. 
Lyman,  Am.  Diplomacy,  I,  chs.  i-vii,  xi-xiii;  J.  Winsor, 
Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VI,  chs.  vii-viii;  VII,  chs.  i, 
ii,  iii  (Note  A). 

SOURCES.  —  J.  Sparks,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the 
Am.  Revolution  (12  vols.);  F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic  Cor 
respondence  of  the  Am.  Revolution  (6  vols.) ;  Secret  Journals 
of  Congress  (4  vols.);  Diplomatic  Correspondence,  (1783-1789}; 
Works  of  Benjamin  Franklin;  John  Adams;  John  Jay;  Silas 
Deane;  Thomas  Jefferson. 


§  72]  DIPLOMA  TIC  117 

§  72.  (1775-1788)  Lectures  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution 
and  Confederation.  (Lects.  16-25.) 

LECT.  16.  (1775-1781)  THE  UNITED  STATES  AS  A  FOREIGN 
POWER:  organization;  committees;  representatives 
abroad;  Declaration  of  Independence;  secretary;  foreign 
recognition;  Robert  R.  Livingston. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  30;  Guide,  §§  136,  137,  153.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i;  C. 
H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  chs.  iv,  v, 
xii;   R.    Hildreth,    United   States,    III,    ch.   xxxv.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence, 
I,  Introd.;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  i.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,   §§  184-189,  199;   Journals  of 
the  Continental  Congress,  passim  (see  Index) ;   U.  S.  Treaties 
and  ^Conventions,    296-314;    F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic    Cor 
respondence  of  the  Am.  Revolution,  passim. 

LECT.  17.  (1775-1782)  MILITARY  AND  NAVAL  QUESTIONS: 
belligerency;  privateering;  prize;  spies;  prisoners;  con 
quests;  John  Paul  Jones. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  169,  174.  --  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am. 
Nation,  IX),  chs.  v-x,  xvii;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confedera 
tion  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  i;  R.  Hildreth, 
United  States,  III,  chs.  xxxv,  xxxix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  vii;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  I,  §  60.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§  177,  178, 
183,  194,  201,  213,  214;  Correspondence  in  F.  Wharton, 
Diplomatic  Correspondence  (see  Index). 

LECT.  18.  (1776-1778)  NEGOTIATIONS  WITH  FRANCE:  loans; 
Spanish  relations;  treaties  of  1778;  subsidies;  war 
with  England;  Silas  Deane. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  174;  Guide,  §  139.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am. 
Nation,  IX),  ch.  xii;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  chs. 


118  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§72 

xxxviii,  xxxix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  V,  §821;  H.  Doniol,  Participation  de  la  France,  Vr 
passim.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §  199;  N.  Y.  Hist. 
Society,  Deane  Papers;  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and 
Conventions,  296-389;  Correspondence  in  F.  Wharton, 
Diplomatic  Correspondence  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM     PAPER     No.     6.  —  EXECUTION     OF     THE 
SPANISH  COLONIAL  POLICY.  —  Manual,  §  172.] 

LECT.  19.     (1778-1782)  COMMERCIAL  NEGOTIATIONS:    Con 
tinental    relations;    Armed    Neutrality    (1780);    Dutch 
treaty  (1782);  other  negotiations;  John  Jay. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,  §174;    Guide,    §153.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS:  C.   H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am. 
Nation,  IX),  ch.  xvii;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and 
Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  i;    R.  Hildreth,   United 
States,  III,  ch.  xli.  —  SOURCES:  John  Jay,  Works,    passim; 
U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  749-760;  Correspondence  in 
F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  (see  Index). 

LECT.  20.  (1776-1782)  NEGOTIATIONS  WITH  ENGLAND: 
peace  proposition  of  1776;  negotiations  of  1778;  in 
structions  of  1778;  instructions  of  1781;  commissioners 
to  Paris;  John  Adams. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §174;  Guide,  §§  139,  141.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolu 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  chs.  xiii,  xvii;  A.  C.  McLaughlin, 
Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  i. — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IIIr 
ch.  xlv;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i.  - 
SOURCES:  W.  B.  Donne,  Correspondence  of  George  III  and 
Lord  North;  J.  Adams,  Works,  VII;  instructions  in  Secret 
Journals  of  Congress;  Journals  of  the  Continental  Congress 
(Ford  ed.);  correspondence  in  J.  Adams,  Works,  VIII;  F, 
Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  (see  Index). 


§72]  DIPLOMATIC  119 

LECT.  21.     (1776-1781)  TERRITORIAL  CONQUESTS:  Canada; 

New  Providence;  Whitehaven;  Six  Nations;  Northwest; 

Southwest;  George  Rogers  Clark. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  173;  Guide,  §  150.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am. 
Nation,  IX),  ch.  xv;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  ch. 
xxxviii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  F.  Johnson,  Cen 
tury  of  Expansion,  ch.  iii;  T.  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the 
West,  II,  III;  J.  Winsor,  Westward  Movement;  B.  A.  Hins- 
dale,  Old  Northwest.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §201; 
Source-Book,  §§  66,  67;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  22,  32. 

LECT.  22.  (1776-1788)  EARLY  TERRITORIAL  POLICY  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES:  Indian  affairs;  County  of  Illi 
nois  (1779);  Resolution  of  1780;  Indian  Treaties;  Ordi 
nance  of  1784;  Land  Ordinance  (1785);  Northwest 
Ordinance  (1787). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §173;  Guide,  §150.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am. 
Nation,  IX),  ch.  xv;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and 
Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  vii;  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Century  of  Expansion,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  ch.  xxxviii;  T.  Roosevelt, 
Winning  of  the  West,  II,  III.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
II,  §201;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  4;  Am. 
Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  5,  16. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  7.  —  TERRITORIAL  POLICY  DUR 
ING  THE  REVOLUTION  AND  CONFEDERATION.  —  Manual, 
§  173.] 

LECT.  23.  (1782-1783)  NEGOTIATIONS  FOR  PEACE:  Euro 
pean  status;  negotiations;  Vergennes;  preliminary  treaty 
of  Paris  (1782);  European  adjustments;  definitive 
treaty  (1783);  Benjamin  Franklin. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §174;  Guide,  §  141.  --  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and 


120  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§72 

Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  ii;  R.  Hildreth,  United 
States,  III,  ch.  xlv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§  824,  825.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  II,  §§  215-217;  III,  §  48;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  No.  3;  Correspondence  in  F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic 
Correspondence  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  8.  —  BREAKING  THE  INSTRUC 
TIONS  OF  CONGRESS  AT  PARIS. — Manual,  §  174.] 

LECT.  24.     (1782-1788)    GENERAL    COMMERCIAL    NEGOTIA 
TIONS:  Swedish  treaty  (1783);  Prussian  treaty  (1785); 
Barbary  powers;  Spanish  boundary;  Mississippi  ques 
tion;  draft  treaty  with  Spain  (1786);  French  consular 
convention  (1788);  Thomas  Jefferson. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §  181;    Guide,    §  152. — SEC 
ONDARY   READINGS:   A.   C.   McLaughlin,   Confederation  and 
Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  v;    R.  Hildreth,   United 
States,  III,  ch.  xlvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§  821,  889;    E 
Schuyler,   Am.    Diplomacy,    ch.    ix.  —  SOURCES:    Contempo 
raries,  III,  §  26;  H.  S.  Randall,  Thomas  Jefferson,  I,  chs.  xi- 
xiii;  Earl  of  Sheffield,  Observations;  Correspondence  in  Dip 
lomatic  Correspondence  of  the  U.  S.  (1783-1789),  passim. 

LECT.  25.  (1783-1788)  RELATIONS  WITH  ENGLAND:  boun 
daries;  West  Indian  trade;  commerce;  posts;  debts; 
Negroes;  loyalists;  William  Pitt. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §173;  Guide,  §153. — READ 
INGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and  Constitution 
(Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  vi;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III, 
ch.  xlvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  1-5,  90-118,  271-273. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  Earl  Russell,  Charles  James  Fox; 
Earl  Stanhope,  William  Pitt.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
III,  §§  49-53,  92.  Correspondence  in  Diplomatic  Cor 
respondence  of  the  U.  S.  (1783-1789),  passim. 


§  74]  DIPLOMATIC  121 

§  73.  (1789-1815)  Readings  on  Complications  of  the  Napo 
leonic  Wars. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Manual,  §§33-36;  Guide,  §§162,  164, 
J7C-172. 

READINGS.  —  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  chs.  vi,  viii,  xv,  xvi;  E.  Channing,  Jefferson- 
ian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xiii,  xv-xx;  Cambridge 
Modern  History,  VII,  chs.  ix-x;  IX;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am. 
Diplomacy,  ch.  ii;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy, 
chs.  iv-vii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Influence  of  Sea 
Power  upon  the  French  Revolution  and  Empire;  D.  C.  Gil- 
man,  James  Monroe,  chs.  iii,  iv;  T.  Lyman,  Am.  Diplomacy, 
I,  chs.  vi-x;  W.  H.  Treseot,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Admin 
istrations  of  Washington  and  Adams;  J.  Winsor,  Narrative 
and  Critical  Hist.,  VII,  ch.  vii;  H.  Adams,  United  States. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§93-98,  111-129;  Am. 
State  Papers,  Foreign,  I-IV;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  passim; 
works  of  Gouverneur  Morris;  James  Monroe;  John  Jay;  John 
Adams;  Rufus  King;  Thomas  Jefferson;  James  Madison; 
John  Quincy  Adams;  Albert  Gallatin;  Henry  Clay. 

§  74.  (1789-1815)  Lectures  on  Complications  of  the  Napo 
leonic  Wars.  (Lects.  26-41.) 

LECT.  26.  (1789)  STATUS  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW:  balance 
of  powers;  status  of  weak  powers;  dependencies;  feder 
ations;  neutral  trade;  tradition  of  isolation  of  the  United 
States;  George  Washington. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  175.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §  1336;  Wilson  and  Tucker,  Inter 
national  Law,  §§  126,  122,  130;  H.  Wheaton,  Hist,  of  the 
Law  of  Nations,  78-88,  106-175;  M.  Burrows,  Foreign  Policy 
of  Great  Britain,  chs.  vii,  viii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
III,  §  26;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xviii;  illustrations 
in  treatises  on  international  law. 


122  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§74 

LECT.  27.  (1789-1907)  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE:  organiza 
tion;  development;  officials;  appointment;  functions; 
removal;  directing  minds;  foreign  representatives. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§31,  212;  Guide,  §157.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  ch.  i;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration , 
ch.  vi;  J.  W.  Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy;  R.  Hildreth,. 
United  States,  IV,  102-109.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E. 
Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy,  chs.  i-iii;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U. 
S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  i.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,. 
Ill,  §§  85,  86;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  passim  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    9.  —  AMERICAN    POLICY    OF 
ISOLATION.  —  Manual,  §  175.] 

LECT.  28.     (1789-1794)  RELATIONS  WITH  ENGLAND:  Nootka 
Sound  Convention  (1790);  Discovery  of  River  Colum 
bia   (1792);    negotiations    with    Hammond;    execution 
of  treaty  of   1783;    loyalists;    posts;    debts;    negroes; 
West  India  trade;  Gouverneur  Morris. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§32,  76.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch. 
iv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  826;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations, 
I,  273,  274.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  Roosevelt,  Gouv 
erneur  Morris,  chs.  vii-x;  R.   Hildreth,    United  States,  TVf 
223,224.  —  SOURCES:     Contemporaries,    III,     §92;     Corre 
spondence  in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  I  (see  Index). 

LECT.  29.     (1789-1793)   FRANCE  AND  NEUTRALITY:  Revo 
lution;  proclamation  of  1793;  effect  of  treaties;  diplo 
macy  of  Genet;  Alexander  Hamilton. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §  176;   Guide,    §  162.  —  SECON 
DARY    READINGS:    J.    S.    Bassett,    Federalist    System    (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  ii;  J. 
B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  821.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B. 
Moore,   Arbitrations,    V,    4399-4414;   H.    C.    Lodge,    George 
Washington,  II,  ch.  iv;  H.  C.  Lodge,  Alexander  Hamilton, 


§74]  DIPLOMATIC  123 

ch.  viii;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV,  411-477.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§92-95;  text  of  neutrality  procla 
mation  in  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  138. 

LECT.  30.  (1793-1796)  NEUTRAL  TRADE:  English  captures; 
contraband;  impressment;  Jay  Treaty  (1794);  ratifica 
tion  (1796);  Edmund  Randolph. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §176;  Guide,  §162.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  ch.  viii;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV,  539- 
615;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  827;  J.  B.  Moore,  Diplomacy, 
ch.  ii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  299-316.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  G.  Pellew,  John  Jay;  A  Johnston,  Political  His 
tory  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  viii.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§96,  97;  E.  Randolph,  Vindication  of  Mr. 
Randolph's  Resignation;  text  of  Jay  treaty  in  U.  S.  Treaties 
and  Conventions,  379;  Correspondence  in  Am.  Slate  Papers 
Foreign,  I,  passim. 

LECT.  31.     (1789-1802)  ADJUSTMENT  WITH  SPAIN:  Designs 
on  Louisiana;  treaty  of  the  Escurial  (1795);  Miranda 
project    (1798);   deposit  withdrawn  (1798);   French  in 
fluence;  draft  convention  of  1802;  C.  C.  Pinckney. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,    §34;    Guide,    §162.  —  SECON 
DARY    READINGS:    J.    S.    Bassett,    Federalist   System    (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  ch.  v;  R.   Hildreth,    United  States,  IV,  569, 
570;  V,  238;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  883.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:    J.    B.    Moore,    Arbitrations,    II,    991-1005;    E. 
Schuyler,    Am.    Diplomacy,    271-281.  —  SOURCES:  Text   of 
Treaties    in .  U.    S.    Treaties    and    Conventions,    1006-1014 
(Treaty  of  1795);  Am.  State   Papers,  Foreign,  II,  475,  476 
(Convention  of  1802). 

LECT.  32.  (1794-1800)  COLLISION  WITH  FRANCE:  Monroe 
episode  (1794-1796);  Pinckney  episode  (1797);  X.  Y.  Z. 
episode  (1797);  informal  war  (1798);  treaty  of  1800; 
spoliation  claims;  James  Monroe. 


124  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§74 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§34,  176;  Guide,  §164.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  chs.  xv,  xvi;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV, 
645-704;  V,  94-159;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4414- 
4432;  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  ch. 
ix;  J.  B,.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §821.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §  99;  J.  Monroe,  View  of  the  Conduct  of  the  Exe 
cutive;  Text  of  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions, 
322-330;  text  of  X.  Y.  Z.  in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  II, 
150,  et  seq. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  10.  —  WAS  FRANCE  ENTITLED 
TO  COMPLAIN  OF  THE  JAY  TREATY? — Manual,  §  176.] 

LECT.  33.     (1796-1802)  ADJUSTMENT  WITH  ENGLAND:  neu 
tral    trade;    impressments;    debts;    boundary    commis 
sions  (1798);  Robbins  case;  Rufus  King. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§34,  36;  Guide,  §170.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  ch.  xix;  R.  Hildreth,   United  States,  V,  220- 
225;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  5—43  (boundaries),  271- 
298  (debts),  316-349  (neutral  trade);  H.  Wheaton,  Hist,  of 
the  Law  of  Nations,   345-401.  —  SOURCES:    U.  S.   Treaties 
and  Conventions,  395-399. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  11.  —  ALLEGIANCE  AND  IM 
PRESSMENTS. —  Manual,  §  177.] 

LECT.  34.  (1800-1815)  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE;  rise  in 
France;  ambitions;  European  treaties;  colonial  policy; 
influence  on  international  law;  relation  to  American 
diplomacy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§34,36.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII), 
chs.  v,  xiii,  xviii;  W.  M.  Sloane,  Napoleon's  Plans  for  a 
Colonial  System  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  IV,  439-455).  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS;  W.  M.  Sloane,  Napoleon  Bonaparte;  H. 


§74]  DIPLOMATIC  125 

Adams,  United  States,  II- VI  (see  Index  vol.);  Cambridge 
Modern  History,  IX;  J.  C.  Ropes,  First  Napoleon. — SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §  112;  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  II, 
III  (see  Index). 

LECT.  35,  (1800-1803)  ANNEXATION  OF  LOUISIANA:  Treaty 
of  St.  Ildefonso  (1800);  treaty  of  1803;  claims,  boun 
daries,  rights  of  inhabitants;  Robert  R.  Livingston. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§36,  178;  Guide,  §168.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iv-vi;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  II, 
chs.  ii-vi;  T.  Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  IV,  261-286.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart, foundations,  §§7,  25, 
46,  62-66;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  101;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  V,  4432-4446;  F.  A.  Ogg,  Louisiana,  chs.  x,  xi; 
W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  xiii;  A.  John 
ston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xiii;  J.  K. 
Hosmer,  Louisiana  Purchase.  —  SOURCES  :  Contemporaries , 
III,  §§111-14;  Treaty  of  St.  Ildefonso,  A.  de  Clercq, 
Recueil  des  Traites,  I,  411-413;  Treaty  of  1803,  U.  S.  Treaties 
and  Conventions,  331-342;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  II. 

LECT.  36.  (1803-1812)  WEST  FLORIDA  QUESTION:  asser 
tions  (1803);  French  attitude;  breach  with  Spain 
(1806);  annexations  of  1810,  1812,  1813;  diplomatic 
relations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §36;  Guide,  §168.  —  SECON 
DARY  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  102;  E.  Channing, 
Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  xi;  H.  Adams, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  iii;  III,  ch.  v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitra 
tions,  V,  4487-4494,  4519-4524.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  V,  568-577;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S. 
and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  xiv.  —  SOURCES:  Correspondence 
in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  II,  III  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  12.  —  STATUS  OF  TERRITORY 
ANNEXED  BUT  NOT  YET  ORGANIZED.  —  Manual,  §  178.] 


126  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§74 

LECT.  37.  (1795-1815)  BARBARY  WARS:  Treaties  of  trib 
ute  (1795-1800);  Tunis;  Tripoli;  Algiers;  treaties. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§35,  36.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  E.  Charming,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII) ; 
ch.  iii;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  II,  ch.  xviii;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  V,  §§783-787;  J.  B.  Moore,  Diplomacy,  ch.  iii.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  I.  N.  Hollis,  The  Constitution;  E. 
Schuyler,  Diplomacy,  ch.  iv;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  V, 
482-484,  529,  561-563;  VI,  577,  578.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  II,  §  108;  text  of  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and 
Conventions,  1081-1089  (Tripolis);  1090-1095  (Tunis);  1-15 
(Algiers);  correspondence  in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  II, 
III,  passim  (see  Index). 

LECT.  38.     (1795-1807)     NEUTRAL    TRADE:     British     and 
American    decisions;    impressments;    draft    treaty    of 
1806;     orders     and     decrees    (1806-07);     Chesapeake- 
Leopard  (1807);   President  Thomas   Jefferson. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§35,  36,  179;  Guide,  §170.- 
SECONDARY   READINGS:   E.   Channing,   Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  xv;  H.  Adams,   United  States,  III, 
chs.  ii-iv,  xvi-xviii;  IV,  chs.  i-iv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II, 
§§317,   318;   J.   B.   Moore,   Arbitrations,   V,   4447-4452.- 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison,  chs.  xv, 
xvii;  M.  Burrows,  Foreign  Policy  of  Great  Britain,  chs.  ix- 
xi.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,   III,    §§116—121;    Source- 
Book,   §§79,  81;  text  of  orders  and  decrees  in  Am.  State 
Papers  Foreign,  II,  727,  805;  condemnations  of   vessels  in 
W.  P.  Cobbett,  Cases,  166,  et  seq. 

LECT.  39.  (1806-1811)  ASSERTION  OF  NEUTRAL  RIGHTS: 
non-importation  (1806);  embargo  (1807);  non-inter 
course  (1808);  draft  Erskine  treaty  (1809);  French 
decrees  (1810);  non-intercourse  (1811);  Jackson,  Rose, 
and  Foster  missions;  James  Madison. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§35,  36,  179;  Guide,  §171.— 


§74]  DIPLOMATIC  127 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Charming,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xvi-xix;  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jef 
ferson,  ch.  xvii;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality, 
(Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H. 
Adams,  United  States,  IV,  V;  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison, 
chs.  xvii,  xviii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4452-4456; 
A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea  Power  and  its  Relation  to  the  War  of  1812, 

I,  chs.    iii,    iv.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    III,     §122; 
Source-Book,  §  82;  W.  MacDonald,  Select    Documents,  Nos. 
27,  28;  restrictive  Statutes  in   U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  II, 
451,  453,  473,  499,  506,  528,  547,  550,  605,  651;  draft  trea 
ties  and  decrees  in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  III,  29,  80- 
220,  262. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.   13.  —  WERE  THE   ORDERS  IN 
COUNCIL  AND  DECREES  CONTRARY  TO  INTERNATIONAL  LAW? 
-  Manual,  §  179.] 

LECT.  40.  (1811-1815)  WAR  OF  1812:  Indian  hostilities 
(1811);  Pinkney's  ultimatum  (1811);  declaration  of 
war  (1812);  belligerent  rights;  prisoners;  privateering 
and  prizes;  destruction  of  cities;  use  of  neutral  terri 
tory;  conquests. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§35,  36;  Guide,  §172.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XII),  ch.  xx;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  v-ix;  H.  Adams,  United 
States,  VI-VIII  (see  Index  vol.);  T.  Roosevelt,  Naval  War 
of  1812;  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison,  ch.  xix.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  G.  Coggeshall,  Am.  Privateers;  A.  Johnston, 
Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xv;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  II,  §  319;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1071-1132; 
R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  VI,  chs.  xxv-xxix;  A.  T.  Mahan, 
Sea  Power  and  its  Relation  to  the  War  of  1812,  I,  chs.  v-viii; 

II,  chs.    ix-xvii.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    III,    §§124, 
127:  Source-Book,    §§83-86;  W.   MacDonald,   Select    Docu- 


128  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§74 

ments,   Nos.  29,  30;  Correspondence    in  Am.  State  Papers 
Foreign,  IV,  passim. 

LECT.  41.     (1812-1815)  PEACE  WITH  ENGLAND:  Napoleon's 
Russian     campaign    (1812);     mediation     (1812-1813); 
negotiations    (1813-1814);     fisheries;      St.    Lawrence; 
restoration  of  territory;  Treaty  of  Ghent  (1814). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§35,  36;  Guide,  §172.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality 
(Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  x;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  IX, 
chs.  i-v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II,  §  313;  A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea 
Power  and  its  Relations  to  the  War  of  1812,  II,  ch.  xviii.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  ch.  vi;  J.  T. 
Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams,  74-98;  J.  A.  Stevens,  Albert 
Gallatin,  ch.  viii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,   §§128, 
129;  Source-Book,   §  87;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents, 
No.  31;  treaty  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  399-404. 

§  75.    (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Commerce  and  Boundaries. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Manual,  §§76,  180;  Guide,  §§164,  174, 

178. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  xiv,  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  I,  §§  132,  136-143;  V,  §§830,  832,  835,  880;  E.  Chan- 
ning,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  vii;  A.  B. 
Hart,  Foundations,  §  24;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  vii,  xiv,  xvii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy, 
chs.  iv,  v;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  Ivii;  J.  B. 
Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  472-501;  R.  Green- 
how,  Oregon,  chs.  viii-xvi. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  115;  Source-Book,  §90; 
F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  427-445. 

§  76.  (1815-1829)  Lectures  on  Commerce  and  Boundaries. 
(Lects.  42-45.) 


§  76]  DIPLOMA  TIC  129 

LECT.  42.  (1815-1818)  BRITISH  TRADE  AND  FISHERIES: 
controversies;  commercial  treaties  (1815);  Fishery  con 
vention  (1818);  restoration  of  territory;  West  Indies. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§37,  38,  180;  Guide,  §174.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§§830,  832;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  iv.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  350-390 
(slaves),  703-710  (fisheries);  C.  Isham,  The  Fisheries,  1- 
49;  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  472-501.  — 
SOURCES:  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  427-445;  treaties 
in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  410-413,  415-417. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  14.  —  NORTHEASTERN  FISHERY 
RIGHTS.  —  Manual,  §  180.] 

LECT.  43.     (1803-1828)    OREGON    QUESTION:    Lewis    and 

Clark  expedition  (1803-1806);  Hudson  Bay  Company; 

Astoria    settlement    (1810);     joint   occupation    (1818); 

Russian    treaty    (1824);     renewed    joint    convention 

(1828). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  37,  38;  Guide,  §  168.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XII),  ch.  vii;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§§835,  880.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.  Greenhow,  Ore 
gon,  chs.  viii-xvi;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific  States,  XXII,  chs. 
vii-ix;  XXIII,  chs.  i-xvi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§  115;  Source- Book,  §  80;  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Con 
ventions,  416;  correspondence  in  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign, 
V,  214,  232,  583,  784. 

LECT.  44.  (1798-1831)  NORTHEASTERN  BOUNDARY:  status 
of  New  Brunswick;  commission  of  1798;  commission  of 
1818;  status  of  Maine;  lake  boundary  (1822);  Lake  of 
the  Woods  (1827);  arbitration  treaty  (1827);  award 
declined  (1831). 


130  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§76 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§37,  38.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §  24;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I, 
§§  132,  136-143,  158;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  4&-138, 
162-195.  —  SOURCES:  A.  Gallatin,  Memoir  on  Northeastern 
Boundary;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  396,  397,  405- 
409,  426,  427,  429-431;  Correspondence  in  Am.  State  Papers 
Foreign,  I,  90,  99,  100;  III,  IV,  V,  passim  (see  Index). 

LECT.  45.  (1817-1846)  COMMERCIAL  DIPLOMACY:  counter 
vailing  legislation;  tariff  policy;  commercial  treaties; 
repeal  of  British  corn  laws  and  colonial  system. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY: — SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Bab- 
cock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  chs.  xiv, 
xvi;  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV), 
chs.  vii,  xiv,  xvii;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson,  194- 
206.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplo 
macy,  ch.  v;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  Ivii;  E. 
Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  ix.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties 
and  Conventions,  410-412,  428;  Correspondence  in  Am. 
State  Papers  Foreign,  IV-VI,  passim  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  15.  —  NAVIGATION  OF  THE 
MISSISSIPPI  AND  ST  LAWRENCE  RIVERS.  —  Manual,  §  181.] 

§  77.  (1815-1829)  Readings  on  Latin-American  Diplomacy 
and  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§37,  38,  145,  183;  Guide, 
§  178;  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe,  App.  iv. 

READINGS.  —  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am. 
Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  8,  68-75; 
W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe  Doctrine;  W.  C.  Ford,  John  Quincy 
Adams  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  VII, 
676-696;  VIII,  28-52);  J.  H.  Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations 
of  the  United  States  and  Spanish  America,  1-103;  T.  B. 
Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  chs.  i-iv;  A.  B.  Hart,  Monroe 
Doctrine  in  its  Territorial  Extent  and  Application  (U.  S. 
Naval  Institute,  Proceedings,  XXXII,  No.  3). 


1 78]  DIPLOMATIC  131 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  ch.  xx; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  vi;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century 
of  Am.  Diplomacy ,  chs.  vii,  xii;  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe, 
«h.  vii;  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  part  iv, 
•289-450;  L.  M.  Keasbey,  Nicaragua  Canal  and  Monroe 
Doctrine,  §§  52-58;  T.  Lyman,  Am.  Diplomacy,  II,  chs.  ix- 
:xiv;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams,  ch.  ii;  T.  Roosevelt, 
American  Ideals,  ch.  xi. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§142-150;  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  4;  John  Quincy  Adams,  Memoirs,  IV— VIII, 
passim;  Richard  Rush,  Memoirs  of  a  Residence  at  the  Court 
of  London,  especially  chs.  xx-xxiv;  works  of  James  Monroe, 
Albert  Gallatin,  Henry  Clay. 

§  78.  (1815-1829)  Lectures  on  Latin-American  Diplomacy 
and  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  (Lects.  46-50.) 

LECT.  46.     (1808-1818)    SPANISH    AMERICA:    Condition    of 
Spain;  English  in  the  Plata  (1806);  risings  in  America; 
Bourbon  restoration  (1814);  Spanish  American  states. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,     §§37,    38;    Guide,     §178.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch. 
xi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §28;  VI,   §  929.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  History,  VIII, 
chs.  iv,  v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4487-4495,  4533- 
4547;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Mexico,  IV. —  SOURCES:  Am.  State 
Papers  Foreign,  III,  (see  Contents). 

LECT.  47.  (1814-1821)  THE  FLORIDAS:  invasion  of  1812;  of 
1814;  of  1818;  negotiation;  treaty  of  cession  (1819); 
claims;  ratification  (1821). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§37,  38;  Guide,  §176. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Na 
tionality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xvii;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Cen 
tury  of  Expansion,  ch.  v;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  VI,  ch. 
xxxii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  884.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ- 


132  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  7& 

INGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Diplomacy,  223-232;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  V,  4495-4531;  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adamsr 
108-127;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  xiv. 

—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,   §§143,  144;  L.  de  Onis, 
Memoir;  Treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  1016- 
1022. 

LECT.  48.     (1815-1823)     RECOGNITION     OF     THE     LATIN- 
AMERICAN    STATES:    Cuba;    Isthmus;    Holy    Alliance 
(1815);    European    Congresses    (1818-1822);    Russian 
claims  on  the  Pacific;  pressure  in  Congress;  investigat 
ing  agents;  recognition  (1822);  George  Canning. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  37,  38,  182,  183;  Guide,  §  178. 

—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,   Rise  of  the  New 
West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii;   T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe 
Doctrine,    chs.  i-iii;    F.  L.  Paxson,  Independence  of  South 
American  Republics;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§29-36;  VI, 
§  900;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  755-757.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  in; 
J.    T.    Morse,   John   Quincy   Adams,    129-147.  —  SOURCES: 
A.  G.  Stapleton,  Political  Life  of  George  Canning,  I,  chs.  ii, 
iii;  H.  W.  V.  Temperly,  George  Canning;  Contemporaries,. 
Ill,  §§  142,  145,  146. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  16.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  THE  RECOG 
NITION  OF  NEW  STATES.  —  Manual,  §  182.] 

LECT.  49.     (1822-1823)  THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§37,  38,  183;  Guide,  §178.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii;  W.  C.  Ford,  John  Quincy  Adams 
and  the  Monroe  Doctrine  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  VII,  676-696; 
VIII,  28-52;  A.  B.  Hart,  Monroe  Doctrine  in  its  Territorial 
Extent  and  Application  (U.  S.  Naval  Institute,  Proceedings, 
XXXII,  No.  3);  A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn 
ed.),  I,  ch.  xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart, 
Foundations,  ch.  vii;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Power  sf 


§791]  DIPLOMATIC  133 

ch.  vii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §§930-938;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Arbitrations,  I,  757-762;  T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine, 
chs.  i-iv;  W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe  Doctrine;  A.  C.  Coolidge, 
V.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  v.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
in,  §§147,  148;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xx;  Am. 
History  Leaflets,  No.  4;  John  Quincy  Adams,  Memoirs,  IV, 
passim  (see  Index). 

LECT.  50.     (1823-1826)  THE  PANAMA  CONGRESS:  Bolivar; 
Hayti;  Cuba;  attitude  of  Senate;  meeting;  Henry  Clay. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§37,  38,  183;  Guide,  §179.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine, 
ch.  iv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  940;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba 
and  International  Relations,  ch.  v;  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  I, 
ch.  xi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  §§149,  150;  Corre 
spondence  in  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  VI,  356,  383,  554. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  17.  —  EXTENT  OF  THE  MONROE 
DOCTRINE.  —  Manual,  §  183.] 

§  79.   (1829-1861)  Readings  on  Aggressive  Foreign  Policy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§39,  40,  43,  44;  Guide, 
§§  181,  193,  194. 

READINGS.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am. 
Nation,  X),  ch.  xii;  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs.  xi,  xiii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations, 
§§  9,  10,  16-18,  24-26,  37,  38,  48-52;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century 
of  Am.  Diplomacy,  chs.  viii,  ix. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
II;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Cen 
tury  of  Expansion,  chs.  v,  vi;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  II,  ch.  vii;  III;  IV,  ch.  ii;  V,  chs.  i,  x. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  185-189;  IV,  §§  7-14, 
46;  see  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§8,  16-18;  Works  of 
Daniel  Webster,  John  C.  Calhoun. 


134  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§80 

§  80.   (1829-1861)    Lectures   on   Aggressive   Foreign    Policy 
(Lects.  51-65.) 

LECT.  51.     (1829-1841)  SPOLIATION  CLAIMS:  readjustment; 
treaties;  French  imbroglio;  Andrew  Jackson. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  39,  40,  184;  Guide,  §  181.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democ 
racy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  xii;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew 
Jackson,  chs.  viii,  xv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4457- 
448  (France),  4549-4589  (Denmark  and  Naples).  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI, 
ch.  Ix.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  345— 
347;  Correspondence  in  U.  S.  Documents,  serial  numbers  96, 
114,  261,  268,  269,  271,  272,  274,  276,  279,  280,  281,  286, 
288,  289,  see  Indexes. 

LECT.  52.     (1815-1842)  DIPLOMACY  OF  SLAVERY:  Treaty  of 
Ghent    (1841);   colonization;   Liberia;   draft   treaty   on 
slave-trade    (1824);   cases   in   British   colonies;    (1831- 
1841);  L'Amistad  Case  (1839);  Quintuple  treaty  (1842). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,   §§37-40,  187;  Guide,   §189.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition 
(Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  xix;  W.  E.  B.  DuBois,  Suppression 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  §§  68-73;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II,  §  310; 
V,    §  833;   J.    B.    Moore,    Arbitrations,    I,    391-425;   A.    C. 
McLaughlin,  Lewis  Cass,  ch.    vi.  —  ADDITIONAL   READINGS: 
Lawrence's  Wheaton,  note  42;  E.  Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy, 
233-257;  J.   B.   McMaster,    United  States,  VI,   605-622.- 
SOURCES:   Contemporaries,   III,    §  182;    U.   S.    Treaties  and 
Conventions,  432-438. 

LECT.  53.     (1829-1842)  TEXAN  DIPLOMACY:  Mexican  boun 
dary  treaty   (1832);  independence   (1836);  recognition 
(1837);    diplomatic    relations;    plans    of    annexation; 
Mexican  claims  convention  (1839);  John  Tyler. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:      Manual,     §  40;    Guide,     §193.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am. 


§  80]  DIPLOMA  TIC  1 35 

Nation,  XVII),  chs.  v-viii;  G.  P.  Garrison,  Texas,  chs.  xiii- 
xix;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  37,  103;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  II,  1209-1245.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  H. 
Bancroft,  Texas,  II,  chs.  xii,  xiii;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  VI,  251-270,  459-463.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
III,  §§  185,  186;  text  of  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and 
Conventions,  661-663. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  18.  —  RESPONSIBILITY  OF  A 
GOVERNMENT  FOR  NOT  CARRYING  OUT  A  TREATY.  — 
Manual,  §  184.] 

LECT.  54.  (1831-1842)  NORTHEASTERN  BOUNDARY:  Caro 
line  affair  (1837);  McLeod  affair  (1841);  attitude  of 
Maine;  Ashburton  treaty  (1842);  "Battle  of  the  Maps"  ; 
Daniel  Webster. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  40;  Guide,  §  192.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  834; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  139-161;  H.  C.  Lodge,  Daniel 
Webster,  ch.  viii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Daniel  Webster,  II,  chs.  xxvii-xxix;  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  VI,  429-446,  603-623.  —  SOURCES:  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  70;  A.  Gallatin,  Right  of  the  United 
States  to  a  Northeastern  Boundary;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Con 
ventions,  433-437. 

LECT.  55.     (1842-1845)  ANNEXATION  OF  TEXAS:  agitation; 

draft  treaty  (1844);  joint  resolution  (1845);  designs  on 

California;  John  C.  Calhoun. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§41-44;  Guide,  §193.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension, 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  x;  G.  P.  Garrison,  Texas,  chs.  xx, 
xxi;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  xii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of  Expansion,  ch.  vi; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  103;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Texas,  II, 
ch.  xiv;  T.  Roosevelt,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  297-315.  — • 


136  LECTURES  AND  READINGS 

SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  187-189;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  71;  draft  of  1844  in  House  Documents, 
28  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  271,  pp.  5-8;  joint  resolution  in  U.  S. 
Statutes  at  Large,  V,  797. 

LECT.  56.  (1829-1846)  NORTHWESTERN  BOUNDARY:  joint 
occupation;  American  settlement;  Whitman  myth 
(1842-43);  Folk's  policy;  compromise  treaty  (1846); 
San  Juan  question. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§43,  44;  Guide,  §192.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xi;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of 
Expansion,  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  835;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Arbitrations,  I,  209-222.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  Twiss, 
Oregon  Questions;  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in  Historical  Criti 
cism,  No.  1;  R.  Greenhow,  Oregon,  chs.  xvii,  xviii. — 
SOURCES:  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  74;  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  438,  439. 

LECT.  57.  (1845-1846)  MEXICAN  WAR:  Slidell  negotia 
tion;  declaration;  conquests;  territorial  government; 
military  rule;  James  K.  Polk. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§43,  44,  185;  Guide,  §194.- 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§857.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Bu 
chanan,  I,  ch.  xxi;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Mexico,  V,  ch.  xiii.  - 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  7-13;  Source-Book,  §  104; 
W.  Thompson,  Recollections  of  Mexico,  223-241;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  72,  73;  J.   D.  Richardson, 
Messages  and  Papers,  IV,  385-416,  437-443. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  19.  —  GOVERNMENT  OF  MILI 
TARY  CONQUESTS  PREVIOUS  TO  CESSION.  —  Manual,  §  185.] 

LECT.  58.  (1846-1848)  PEACE  WITH  MEXICO:  Santa  Anna 
episode  (1846);  Wilmot  Proviso;  negotiations  (1847); 
treaty  of  Guadaiupe-Hidalgo  (1848). 


§80]  DIPLOMATIC  137 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  43,  44;  Guide,  §  194.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  xv,  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§858;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1245-1286.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in  Historical  Criti 
cism,  No.  9;  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific  States,  XVII,  ch.  xxii. 
—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§14-17;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  76;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions, 
681-693. 

LECT.  59.     (1823-1846)   GENESIS  OP  THE  ISTHMUS  QUES 
TION:  early  Spanish  projects;  canal  plans;  interest  of 
the  U.  S.  (1838);  Colombian  treaty  (1846). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§40,  196.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII), 
ch.  xviii;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  ch. 
iii;  J.   B.   Moore,   Digest,   III,    §§336,   337.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  United  States  and  Spanish  America, 
176-185;  L.  M.  Keasbey,  Nicaragua  Canal  and  Monroe  Doc 
trine,   §§  57-65,  72-75;  J.  B.  Henderson,  American  Diplo 
matic    Questions,   65-301.  —  SOURCES:    Am.    Hist.    Leaflets, 
No.  34;   U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  195-206. 

LECT.  60.  (1846-1860)  CRISIS  OP  THE  ISTHMUS  QUESTION: 
Mosquito  Coast;  Hise's  and  Squier's  draft  treaties 
(1849);  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty  (1850);  Webster- Ash- 
burton  convention  (1851);  British  Claims  convention 
(1853);  adjustment  (1860). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  186.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch. 
vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§338-340,  344,  351-356;  V, 
§  836;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  199-204;  T.  B.  Edg- 
ington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  chs.  vii-ix;  I.  D.  Travis,  Clayton- 
Bulwer  Treaty.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  ch.  iv;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and 
Foreign  Powers,  ch.  viii;  T.  J.  Lawrence,  Essays  on  Disputed 


138  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  80 

Questions,  No.  3;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  391-425 
(claims),  426-494,  710-712  (fisheries);  J.  B.  Henderson, 
Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  104-136,  508-512.  —  SOURCES: 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  77;  U.  S.  Treaties 
and  Conventions,  440-447.  For  a  collection  of  treaties  and 
draft  treaties  see  Senate  Reports,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  1337. 
[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  20.  —  THE  MOSQUITO  QUES 
TION.  —  Manual,  §  186.] 

LECT.  61.     (1848-1851)    DEMOCRATIC    PROPAGANDA:    revo 
lution  of  1848;  Huelsemann  episode  (1850);  Kossuth 
episode  (1851);  Koszta  incident  (1853). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    187.  —  SECONDARY   READINGS: 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  905;  F.  Bancroft,  W.  H.  Sewardr  I, 
ch.  xvii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  205,  206,  231-243; 
H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  IV,  63-100.  —  SOURCES: 
Senate  Docs.,  32  Cong.,  Spec.  Sess.,  No.  2;  House  Docs.,  32 
Cong.,  1  Sess.,  No.  78;  Senate  Docs.,  33  Cong.,  1  Sess.,  Nos. 
40,  53;  House  Docs.,  33  Cong.,  1  Sess.,  No.  91. 

LECT.  62  (1848-1854)  DESIGNS  ON  CUBA:  offer  of  purchase 
(1848);  filibusters  (1850);  tripartite  proposition  (1851- 
1852);  Black  Warrior  episode  (1854);  Ostend  Manifesto 
(1854);  Edward  Everett. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §191;  Guide,  §199.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am. 
Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  906;  J.  F. 
Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  10-44.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  H.  Latane,  U.  S.  and  Spanish  America,  103-135;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations,  chs.  vii,  ix.  — 
SOURCES:  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  2. 

LECT.  63.  (1840-1860)  BEGINNING  OF  ORIENTAL  RELA 
TIONS:  explorations  and  squabbles;  Hawaii;  Chinese 
treaty  (1844);  Japanese  treaty  (1854);  Hawaii;  Pacific 
islands;  Caleb  Gushing. 


§80]  DIPLOMATIC  139 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  195.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  W.  Foster,  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  chs.  ii-vii;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§797,  798,  845,  846;  J.  M.  Callahan, 
Am.  Relations  in  the  Pacific,  chs.  v-vii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch. 
xix;  W.  E.  Griffis,  America  in  the  East;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  V,  4627-4637  (Chinese  indemnity).  —  SOURCES: 
U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  145-178. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  21.  —  APPLICATION  OF  PER 
SONAL  STATUS  IN  A  FOREIGN  COUNTRY.  —  Manual,  §  187.] 

LECT.  64.     (1848-1861)    PRESSURE    ON    LATIN    AMERICA: 

Yucatan     independence     (1848);     Isthmus     questions; 

Paraguay:  William  Walker   (1857);    Nicaragua;  Cuba 

(1855-1860);  Mexico;  James  Buchanan. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§194,    196;    Guide,    §199.- 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.   C.   Smith,   Parties  and  Slavery 

(Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  xviii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI, 

§  942;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  351-354;  G.  T.  Curtis, 

James  Buchanan,  II,  ch.  x;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §  38. — 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1361- 

1390  (Isthmus),  1449-1468  (Chile),  1485-1549  (Paraguay), 

1551-1577    (Costa   Rica,   Ecuador),    1593-1657    (Peru);  V, 

4591-4626    (Peru    and   Brazil).  —  SOURCES:   J.    Buchanan, 

Mr.  Buchanan's  Administration,  ch.  xiii;  U.  S.  Treaties  and 

Conventions,  681-697,  828-835. 

LECT.  65.     (1849-1861)  GENERAL  DIPLOMATIC  QUESTIONS: 
neutrality  in  Crimean  War  (1854-1856);  privateering; 
Belt  duties;  Canadian  reciprocity  (1854);  court  dress. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,   §§45,  46.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:    T.    C.    Smith,    Parties    and    Slavery    (Am.    Nation, 
XVIII),  ch.  xviii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§  1169,  1215- 
1220;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:   A.    B.    Hart,    Foundations,    §  10;   J.    Schouler, 
United   States,   V,    309-314.  —  SOURCES:   House   Docs.,    33 
Cong.,  1  Sess.,  No.  Ill;  37  Cong.,  2  Sess.,  No.  1Q4. 


140  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§81 

§  81.   (1861-1865)  Readings  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Civil  War. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  49,  50;  Guide,  §  212;  J.  K. 
Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XX,  XXI),  critical  chapters. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms 
(Am.  Nation,  XX),  ch.  xx;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the 
Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  x,  xiii;  C.  F.  Adams,  Jr., 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  chs.  ix-xviii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III,  415-434,  502-543;  IV,  76-95,  337-394. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§38, 
66;  II,  §  330;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch. 
x;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  VI,  ch.  i,  §§6,  13;  ch.  ii, 
§  6;  F.  Bancroft,  William  H.  Seward,  II,  chs.  xxx-xxxviii; 
J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Southern  Confederacy; 
H.  Wheaton,  International  Law  (Boyd's  ed.),  §§412-537; 
J.  Bigelow,  France  and  the  Confederate  Navy;  J.  D.  Bullock, 
Secret  Service  of  the  Confederate  States. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§98-100;  Nicolay  and 
Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  IV,  ch.  xv;  V,  ch.  ii;  VI,  chs.  ii-iv; 
VII,  ch.  xiv;  VIII,  ch.  x;  F.  W.  Seward,  Seward  at  Wash 
ington,  III,  passim;  see  Diplomatic  Correspondence  for  the 
period. 

§  82.  (1861-1865)  Lectures  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Civil  War. 
(Lects.  66-71.) 

LECT.  66.     (1861-1865)     QUESTIONS     OF     BELLIGERENCY: 
blockade    proclamations    (1861);    French    and    English 
proclamations    (1861);    Trent    affair    (1861);    Supreme 
Court  prize  cases;  later  foreign  claims;  Abraham  Lincoln. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,     §§49,    50;     Guide,     §212.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  F.  Rhodes,    United  States,   III, 
502-542;   J.    K.    Hosmer,   Appeal   to   Arms    (Am.    Nation, 
XXI),  ch.  xx ;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  South 
ern  Confederacy,  chs.  i-v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  560- 
623.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  66; 


§82]  DIPLOMATIC  141 

J.  R.  Soley,  Blockade  and  Cruisers;  T.  L.  Harris,  Trent  Affair; 
M.  Bernard,  Neutrality  of  Great  Britain,  chs.  vi-x. — SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §§97-99;  Diplomatic  Correspondence 
(see  Index  vol.). 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.  22.  —  EFFECT   OF   LINCOLN'S 
BLOCKADE  PROCLAMATIONS.  —  Manual,  §  188.] 

LECT.  67.     (1861-1865)      CONFEDERATE      DIPLOMACY      IN 
EUROPE:   first   mission;   Mason   and   Slidell;   England; 
France;  other  powers;  Pope;  secret  service. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§49,  50;  Guide,  §  209.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am. 
Nation,  XX),  ch.  xx;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  IV,  76- 
79;  J.  M.  Callahan,   Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Southern  Con 
federacy,  chs.  iv,  v.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  I,  §  72;  J.  Bigelow,  France  and  the  Confederate  Navy; 
J.  T.  Scharf,  Confederate  States  Navy,  ch.  xxvi;  J.  L.  M. 
Curry,  Government  of  Confederate  States.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,    IV,    §  100;   J.    D.    Richardson,    Messages   and 
Papers  of  the  Confederacy   (see   Index);   Diplomatic  Corre 
spondence  (see  Index  vol.). 

LECT.  68.     (1861-1865)  CONFEDERATE  CRUISERS:  American 
built;  foreign  built;  question  of  piracy;  responsibility  of 
England;   captures;   prize   courts;   reception   in   ports; 
destruction;  Charles  Francis  Adams. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  49,  50;  — SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XXI),   ch.  x;  J.  B.   Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  500-623;  IV, 
4057-4178;  J.  F.  Rhodes,   United  States,  IV,  80-95;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  chs. 
viii,   ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:   C.    F.    Adams,   Charles 
Francis  Adams;  M.   Bernard,   Neutrality  of  Great  Britain, 
chs.  xi,  xiv,  xv;  R.  Semmes,  Service  Afloat;  J.  D.  Bullock, 
Secret  Service;  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  ch.  xii.  — • 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  116,  133;  Correspondence 


142  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§82 

in    Diplomatic    Correspondence;    Foreign    Relations;    Geneva 
Arbitration  (1872-73);  see  House  Documents  for  1871,  1872. 

LECT.  69.  (1861-1865)  NEUTRAL  TRADE:  captures  by 
blockaders;  West  India  trade;  prize  cases;  contraband: 
continuous  voyages;  Lord  John  Russell. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§49,  50,  189.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§  1249-1265;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Southern  Confederacy,  ch.  ii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  IV,  ch.  xxii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  692-702; 
M.  Bernard,  Neutrality  of  Great  Britain,  ch.  xiii.  —  SOURCES: 
F.  Snow,  Cases  in  International  Law,  462-520,  passim; 
P.  Cobbett,  Cases,  327-330,  335-340;  Diplomatic  Corre 
spondence  (see  Index  vol.). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  23.  —  DOCTRINE  OF  CONTINU 
OUS  VOYAGES.  —  Manual,  §  189.] 

LECT.  70.     (1861-1865)  RELATIONS  BETWEEN  THE  UNITED 
STATES  AND  THE  CONFEDERACY:  prisoners;  retaliations; 
border  trade;  secret  service;  Hampton  Roads  confer 
ence  (1865);  Alexander  H.  Stephens. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§49,  50.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XXI),  ch.  xiii;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  V,  57-84,  274- 
313;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Southern  Con 
federacy,  ch.  xi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  224-229.— 
SOURCES:  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  X,  ch.  vi. 

LECT.  71.     (1861-1867)  THE  FRENCH  IN  MEXICO:  causes; 

Corwin  draft  treaty  (1861);    invasion  (1862);    Empire 

(1863);    intervention    of    the    United    States    (1866); 

Mexican  claims  convention  (1868) ;  Napoleon  III. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,  §183.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 

W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  ch.  x; 

J.  F.  Rhodes,   United  States,  VI,  205-210;  J.  H.  Latane, 

Diplomatic  Relations  of  the  U.  S.  and  Spanish  America,  ch. 


§84]  DIPLOMATIC  143 

v;  T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xv;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Foundations,  §19;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §§955-958.- 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F.  Bancroft,  William  H.  Seward, 
II,  ch.  xl;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1287-1358  (claims); 
John  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  389-406.  — 
SOURCES:  Correspondence  in  Senate  Docs.,  40  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  20;  House  Docs.,  40  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  30;  House  Docs., 
40  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  25;  Diplomatic  Correspondence  (see 
Index  vol.). 

§  83.   (1865-1890)  Readings  on  Period  of  Peaceful  Influence. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§51-54;  American  Nation, 
critical  chapters  on  authorities. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruc 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  ch.  x;  E.  E.  Sparks,  National 
Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  D.  R. 
Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  vii, 
xiii;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  American  Diplomacy,  ch.  xi; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  19,  20,  27,  28,  39,  40,  53-55; 
J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  ch.  viii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
VI;  VII;  T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xix;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations,  chs.  xii,  xiii; 
J.  H.  Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations  of  U.  S.  and  Spanish 
America. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  §§173-179;  correspondence 
in  Diplomatic  Correspondence  (to  1869);  and  Foreign  Rela 
tions  (from  1870)  (see  Index  vol.). 

§  84.  (1865-1890)  Lectures  on  Period  of  Peaceful  Influence. 
(Lects.  72-79.) 

LECT.  72.  (1867-1895)  PERSONAL  STATUS:  immigration 
and  naturalization;  German  treaty  (1868);  Chinese 
treaties  (1868,  1880);  anti-Chinese  Statutes  of  1882, 
1884,  1888,  1892;  Convention  of  1894. 


144  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§84 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  192.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xiv;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  ch.  viii, 
Apps.  B,  C;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§799,  800,  823.- 
SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  790  (German 
treaty,  1868);  179  (Chinese  treaty,  1868)  182;  (Chinese 
treaty,  1880);  Statutes  at  Large,  XXII,  58-61,  (Act  of 
1882);  XXIII,  115-118  (Act  of  1864);  XXV,  476-479  (Act 
of  1888);  XXVII,  25,  26  (Act  of  1892);  XXVIII,  1210-1212, 
(Convention  of  1894). 

LECT.  73.  (1865-1872)  THE  ALABAMA  CONTROVERSY:  ori 
gin;  Johnson-Clarendon  draft  treaty  (1868);  treaty  of 
Washington  (1871);  Geneva  award  (1872);  payment  of 
award;  Charles  Sumner. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §54.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  ch.  x; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  838;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States, 
VI,  335-364;  C.  F.  Adams,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  ch.  xix; 
A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  xiii.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  495-554; 
C.  F.  Adams,  Lee  at  Appomattox,  ch.  ii;  C.  Gushing,  Treaty 
of  Washington;  W.  E.  Darby,  International  Tribunals,  148- 
164;  C.  C.  Beman,  National  and  Private  Alabama  Claims; 
G.  Bemis,  American  Neutrality.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties 
and  Conventions,  478-494;  The  Geneva  Arbitration,  House 
Exec.  Documents,  42  Cong.,  2  sess.,  Nos.  282,  324  (4  vols.); 
Foreign  Relations,  1868;  I,  371  (see  Index  vol.). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  24.  —  CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES. 
-  Manual,  §  190.] 

LECT.  74.  (1869-1890)   ARBITRATIONS:  Hudson  Bay  (1869); 

war  claims  (1872);  San  Juan  (1872);  fisheries  (1875); 

French    claims     (1880);    claims    courts     (1884-1886); 

Delagoa  Bay  (1890). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  190.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 


§84]  DIPLOMATIC  145 

J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§1069-1084;  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  VI,  366-376;  W.  E.  Darby,  International 
Tribunals,  172-181.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore, 
Arbitrations,  I,  222-236  (San  Juan),  237-270  (Hudson  Bay), 
555-560,  623-682  (Geneva),  683-702  (claims),  712-753 
(fisheries);  II,  1133-1184  (French  claims),  1865-1899  (Del- 
agoa);  V,  6439-4685  (claims  courts);  W.  F.  Milton,  San 
Juan  Water  Boundary.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  173,  175;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  468  (Hudson 
Bay),  494  (claims  and  San  Juan),  499,  500  (fisheries),  356- 
361  (French  claims). 

LECT.  75.  (1868-1878)  CUBA:  Cuban  War  (1868);  claims 
(1871);  Virginius  episode  (1873);  proposed  intervention 
(1875);  peace  (1878). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  194.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  40;  VI,  §  907;  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  VII,  29-36;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §  39;  J.  H. 
Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations  of  the  U.  S.  and  Spanish 
America,  135-174.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  M.  Callahan, 
Cuba  and  International  Relations,  ch.  xii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  II,  1007-1069.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§  176;  Foreign  Relations  (see  Index  vol.). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  25.  —  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR 
FILIBUSTERS.  —  Manual,  §  191.] 

LECT.  76  (1864-1876)  PROJECTS  OP  AMERICAN  EXPAN 
SION:  Honduras  treaty  (1864);  Alaska  treaty  (1867); 
draft  of  St.  Thomas  treaty  (1867);  Nicaragua  treaty 
(1867);  negotiations  with  Colombia  (1869-1873); 
Seward's  San  Domingo  project  (1869);  Grant's  San 
Domingo  project  (1871-1876). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§51,  52.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII), 
ch.  x;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§107,  116-124;  V,  §792; 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  VI,  211-214,  335-354.— 


146  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§84 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of  Expan 
sion,  ch.  vii;  F.  Bancroft,  William  H.  Seward,  II,  ch.  xlii.  — 
SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  566-572  (Hon 
duras),  939-941  (Alaska),  779-786  (Nicaragua). 

LECT.  77.  (1877-1889)  ISTHMUS  QUESTION:  French  canal 
(1879);  Evart's  protest  (1880);  Elaine's  protest  (1881); 
draft  Nicaragua  treaty  (1884);  failure  of  French  com 
pany  (1889) ;  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  196.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xiii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  ch.  vii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§  358-362;  T.  B. 
Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xix;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four 
Centuries  of  the  Canal,  chs.  v-vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
L.  M.  Keasbey,  Nicaragua  Canal  and  Monroe  Doctrine, 
§§  124-158;  J.  B.  Henderson,  Diplomatic  Questions,  137- 
158;  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  326-347;  T.  J.  Lawrence, 
Essays,  No.  3;  J.  H.  Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations  of  U.  S. 
and  Spanish  America,  ch.  iv.  —  SOURCES:  Am.  History 
Leaflets,  No.  34;  Foreign  Relations  (see  Index  vol.). 

LECT.  78.  (1881-1893)  HEGEMONY  IN  LATIN  AMERICA: 
Chile-Peru  (1881);  independence  of  Brazil  (1889); 
Pan-American  Congress  (1890);  Chilean  episode  (1891- 
1892);  James  G.  Blaine. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54.  —  READINGS:  D.  R. 
Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  xiii; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  969;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays, 
No.  5;  M.  Romero,  Mexico  and  the  United  States.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1396-1447 
(claims),  1469-1484  (Chile),  1579-1592  (Ecuador),  1659- 
1724  (Venezula),  1529-1853  (Hayti),  1909-2108  (United 
States  as  arbiter).  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §177; 
International  Bureau  of  Am.  Republics,  Bulletin,  No.  1; 


$84]  DIPLOMATIC  147 

Correspondence  in  Foreign  Relations   (see  Index  vol.);  F. 
Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  312-326. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  26.  —  RIGHT  OF  EXPATRIATION: 
-  Manual,  §  192.] 

.LECT.  79.  (1866-1889)  FISHERY  QUESTIONS:  end  of 
Canadian  reciprocity  (1866);  local  controversies;  ar 
bitration  (1877);  draft  convention  (1884);  Bering  Sea 
imbroglio  (1886). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§63,  154,  193.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  ch.  vii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  172;  C.  Isham, 
Fisheries,  58-84;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  763-790; 
J.  B.  Henderson,  American  Diplomatic  Questions,  3-29, 
513-525.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S. 
and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  xii;  S.  B.  Stanton,  Behring  Sea 
Controversy;  C.  B.  Elliot,  Northeastern  Fisheries;  A.  C. 
Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  xii.  —  SOURCES: 
F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  445-481;  Foreign  Relations 
(see  Index  vol.). 

§  85.  (1890-1907)  Readings  on  United  States  as  a  World 
Power. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§53,  54;  American  Nation, 
(critical  chapters  on  authorities);  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest. 

READINGS.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power 
(Am.  Nation,  XXV);  T.  A.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World 
Power,  chs.  vi-xi;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient, 
chs.  xi-xiii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  11,  12,  21,  27,  29, 
41,  56;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  xvii;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  xii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  Cambridge  Modern  History, 
VII,  ch.  xxi;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Modern  Political  Institutions, 
ch.  xiii;  C.  A.  Conant,  U.  S.  in  the  Orient,  chs.  vi,  vii;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the  Pacific;  F.  H.  Giddings, 
Democracy  in  America,  ch.  xvii;  A.  T.  Mahan,  Interest  of 


148  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§85 

America  in  Sea  Power;  A.  T.  Mahan,  Lessons  of  the  War 
with  Spain;  A.  T.  Mahan,  Problem  of  Asia. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries ,  IV,  §§  179-196;  Foreign  Rela 
tions,  passim  (see  Index  vol.);  American  Journal  of  Inter 
national  Law,  Supplements. 

§  86.  (1890-1907)  Lectures  on  United  States  as  a  World 
Power.  (Lects.  80-90.) 

LECT.  80.     (1889-1895)  SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  BERING  SEA 
CONTROVERSY:  judicial  cases;  arbitration  treaty;  arbi 
tration  of  1893;  Alaskan  boundary;  James  A.  Bayard. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  193.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 

D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  eh, 
xiii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  173;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations, 
I,  790-960;  John  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions T 
29-64.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    IV,    §178;    F.    Snow, 
Treaties  and  Topics,  481-509;  Foreign  Relations  (see  Index 
vol.). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  27.  —  CONTROL  OF  SEAL 
CATCHING.  —  Manual,  §  193.] 

LECT.  81.  (1885-1900)  PACIFIC  QUESTIONS:  tripartite 
Samoan  treaty  (1889);  Samoan  division  treaty  (1899); 
Hawaiian  revolution  (1892);  annexation  (1898);  Grover 
Cleveland. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),. 
ch.  xix;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  108,  110;  J.  W.  Foster, 
Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  chs.  xi,  xii,  Apps.  D,  E;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the  Pacific,  chs.  viii,  ix.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic 
Questions,  209-288);  W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of  Expansion, 
ch.  viii;  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  xxi; 

E.  J.  Carpenter,  America  in  Hawaii,  chs.  x-xv;  A.  C.  Cool- 
idge,    U.   S.   as  a   World  Power,   ch.   xvii.  —  SOURCES:   F. 
Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  361-422;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large, 


§86]  DIPLOMATIC  149 

XXVI,   1497-1501    (Samoan  treaty,   1889);  XXXI,   1875- 
1880  (treaty  of  1899);  XXX,  750  (Joint  Resolution,  Hawaii). 

LECT.  82.     (1894-1897)     VENEZUELAN     EPISODE:     claims 

against  Latin-American  powers;  the  Guiana  boundary; 

crisis   of    1895;    commission    of    investigation    (1896); 

arbitration  (1897);  Richard  Olney. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§53,    54,    185.  —  SECONDARY 

READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 

XXIV),  ch.  xix;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  966;  T.  B.  Edg- 

ington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations, 

I,  962-989  (draft  treaty).  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B. 

Henderson,  American  Diplomatic  Questions,  411-451;  J.  H. 

Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations  of  U .  S.  with  Spanish  America, 

ch.  vi;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  xv.  — 

SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  179;  55  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No. 

178,  Pt.  18,  pp.  16-22. 

XECT.  83.     (1895-1899)  SPANISH  WAR:  Cuban  War  (1895); 

agitation;    Americans    in    Cuba;    declaration    (1898); 

Teller  resolution;  prizes;  conquests  of  Manila,  Santiago, 

Porto  Rico. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54,  194.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane*,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  chs.  i-iii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  109;  VI, 
§§908,  909;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  xxi.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba  and  Inter 
national  Relations,  ch.  xiv;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in 
the  Orient,  ch.  xiii;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power, 
ch.  vi;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Modern  Political  Institutions,  ch.  xiii; 
W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of  Expansion,  ch.  ix;  A.  T.  Mahan, 
Lessons  of  the  War  with  Spain;  T.  S.  Woolsey,  Am.  Foreign 
Policy,  7-111;  J.  H.  Latane,  Diplomatic  Relations  of  U.  S. 
to  Latin  America,  ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  180-184;  Source-Book,  §§  140-144;  U.  S.  Statutes  at 
Large,  XXX,  346. 


150  LECTURES  AND  READINGS 

LECT.  84.  (1898-1907)  PEACE  AND  ITS  CONSEQUENCES: 
protocol  (1898);  treaty  of  Paris  (1899);  Platt  resolu 
tion;  occupation  of  Cuba  (1898-1901);  Philippine 
question  (1899) ;  occupation  of  Cuba  (1906) ;  commercial 
negotiations;  William  McKinley. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§53,    54,    194.  —  SECONDARY 

READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 

Nation,  XXV),  ch.  iv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,   §887;  VI, 

§  910;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  App.  F. 

—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:   Cambridge   Modern  Hist.,  VII, 

ch.  xxi;  F.  W.  Holls,  Peace  Conference  at  the  Hague;  J.  B. 

Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  5058-5067  (proposed  arbitrations). 

—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,    §  185;    U.  S.  Statutes  at 

Large,  XX,  1742,  1743  (Proctocol,  1898),  1754-1762  (Treaty 

of  Paris,  1899);  Congressional  Record  2954  (Platt  resolution). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  28.  —  PROTECTORATE  OF  CUBA. 

-  Manual,  §  194.] 

LECT.  85.     (1893-1907)  COMMERCIAL  DIPLOMACY:  reciproc 
ity;  foreign  tariffs;  agreements  with  Germany;  inter 
national  railroads;  Asiatic  boycotts. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXI  V)r 
ch.  xvii;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xvii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  |  774;  VI, 
944.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:   T.   B.   Edgington,   Monroe 
Doctrine,  ch.  xvii;  E.  Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  ix.  - 
SOURCES:  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXVIII,  509-570  (Tariff 
of  1894);  XXX,  151-213   (Tariff  of  1897). 

LECT.    86.     (1898-1907)    COLONIAL    POLICY:    acquisitions; 
military  government;  civil  government;  tariff;  Supreme 
Court  cases  (1901);  Philippines;  William  H.  Taft. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  53,  54,  185;  A.  P.  C.  Griffin, 

List  of  Books  relating  to  Colonizaion.  —  SECONDARY  READ- 


§86]  DIPLOMATIC  151 

INGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation, 
XXV),  chs.  v,  vii-ix;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  94;  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the  Pacific,  chs.  vi,  x.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  D.  S.  Jordan,  Imperial  Democracy,  chs. 
i-iv,  vii;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  vii.  — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§186-191;  M.  Hill,  Liberty 
Documents,  ch.  xxiv;  Source-Book,  §  143;  A.  H.  Howe, 
Insular  Cases  (House  Exec.  Docs.,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No. 
509);  See  also  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  Reports,  vol.  182, 
pp.  1-39. 

LECT.  87.     (1899-1907)   EASTERN  COMPLICATIONS:  Chinese 
imbroglio;    Boxer    rising    (1900);    intervention;    Open 
Door;  international  agreements;  Japanese-Russian  War 
(1904);    Peace   of   Portsmouth  (1905);    San   Francisco 
and  Vancouver  riots  (1907) ;  John  Hay. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§53,    54,    195.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§  808-813; 
J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  ch.  xiii;  App.  A. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  P.   S.  Reinsch,   World  Politics, 
parts  ii,  v;  W.  E.  Griffis,  America   in    the    East;  E.  Root, 
Real  Question  under  Japanese  Treaty  (Am.  Journal  of  Inter 
national  Law),  I,  273-286;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World 
Power,  chs.  xvii-xix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  193, 
194,  196. 

[CLASS-ROOM   PAPER    No.    29.  —  POLICY    OF   THEV  OPEN 
DOOR.  —  Manual,  §  195.] 

LECT.  88.  (1901-1908)  LATIN  AMERICAN  RELATIONS:  Pan- 
American  Congress  at  Mexico  (1901) ;  Venezuelan  claims; 
German  expedition  (1898);  Drago  doctrine;  conference 
at  Rio  (1906). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation, 


152  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§86 

XXV),  chs.  x,  xv,  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  109;  VI, 
§967;  T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xxix. — 
SOURCES:  Bureau  Am.  Republics,  Bulletin,  XXII,  No.  4, 
pp. 1017-1029. 

LECT.  89.  (1899-1907)  CANAL  DIPLOMACY:  Nicaraguan 
project;  English  treaties  (1901-1902);  Colombian  draft 
(1902) ;  Panama  Republic  and  treaty  (1903) ;  canal  con 
struction;  Theodore  Roosevelt. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54,  196.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§  344,  363- 
366;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  chs.  viii- 
xii.  —  SOURCES:  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  34;  Panama  Canal 
Commissions,  Reports;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXII, 
part  ii,  pp.  1903-1905  (Hay-Pauncefote  treaty);  Senate 
Documents,  58  Cong.,  spec.  sess.  No.  1  (Columbian  treaty). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  30.  —  QUESTIONS  OF  THE 
ISTHMUS  CANAL.  —  Manual,  §  196.] 

LECT.  90.  (1898-1907)  THE  HAGUE  CONFERENCES:  Amer 
ican-British  arbitration  draft  (1897);  Russian  sugges 
tion  (1898);  first  conference  (1899);  second  conference 
(1907);  cases  adjudicated. 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World 
Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xiv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest, 
VII,  §  1088.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  E.  Darby,  Inter 
national  Tribunals,  380-485;  F.  W.  Holls,  Peace  Conference 
at  the  Hague.  —  SOURCES:  American  Journal  of  International 
Law,  I,  Supplement,  103-166  (Final  act  of  conference  of 
1899). 

§  87.  (1775-1907)  Thirty  Lectures  on  American  Diplomacy 
(Course  D). 

This  course  does  not  reach  back  so  far  into  pre-revolu- 
tionary  diplomacy  as  does  the  longer  course  (C) ;  but  begins 


§89]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  153 

in  detail  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution,  and  comes 
down  to  1907.  The  background  of  reading  may  be  found 
in  great  part  in  the  diplomatic  chapters  of  the  successive 
volumes  of  the  American  Nation  and  in  J.  W.  Foster,  Cen 
tury  of  American  Diplomacy;  and  there  is  a  useful  literature 
of  special  works  (See  Manual,  §§  20,  21);  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest, 
and  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  contain  a  valuable  collection 
of  sources,  easy  to  use. 

§  88.   (1775-1815)  Readings  on  Basis  of  American  Diplomacy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§66,  167,  171,  172;  Guide, 
§§81-99. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  E.  P.  Cheyney,  European  Back 
ground  (Am.  Nation,  I),  chs.  v-xi;  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in 
America  (Am.  Nation,  III),  passim;  R.  G.  Thwaites,  France 
in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  passim;  L.  G.  Tyler,  England 
in  America  (Am.  Nation,  IV),  passim. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  Fiske,  Discovery  of  America, 
passim;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i;  W. 
H.  Trescot,  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution,  Introd.;  F.  Wharton, 
Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  Revolution,  Introd. 

SOURCES. — Contemporaries,  I,  §§44-48;  Source-Book, 
§§  1,  2,  4,  5. 

§  89.  (1775-1815)  Lectures  on  Basis  of  American  Diplo 
macy.  (Lects.  1-6.) 

LECT  1.  METHODS  AND  MATERIALS:  scope;  point  of  view; 
use  of  books;  parallel  reading;  class-room  papers; 
library  reports;  lectures;  note-taking;  examinations; 
text-books;  secondary  books;  sources;  collections. 

Bibliography  and  suggestions  in  Manual,  §§  1-13,  19-21; 
166-197,  270-282;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  viii. 


154  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§89 

LECT.  2.  (1493-1775)  PRE-REVOLUTIONARY  DIPLOMACY: 
European  claims;  rivalry  with  Spain  (1560-1604); 
English  Colonies;  territorial  controversies  (1606-1688); 
four  inter-colonial  wars  and  treaties  (1689-1763);  Acts 
of  Trade;  sea-power;  inter-colonial  relations;  immigra 
tion;  slave  trade. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§66,  167,  171,  172;  Guide, 
§§  81-96.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in 
America  (Am.  Nation,  III),  chs.  iii,  v,  vi,  xii;  R.  G.  Thwaites, 
France  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  VII),  chs.  i,  vi,  viii,  ix, 
xvii;  E.  Channing,  United  States,  I,  chs.  i,  iv,  vi,  xvi.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  Harrisse,  Diplomatic  History  of 
America;  J.  Doyle,  English  Colonies  in  America,  I,  ch.  iv.  - 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  I,  §§6,  21-25,  34-36,  48;  Source- 
Book,  §§  1-5. 

LECT.  3.  (1775-1907)  DIPLOMATIC  ORGANIZATION:  Com 
mittees  of  Congress  (1775);  envoys;  Secretary;  instruc 
tions;  constitutional  authority;  President;  Department 
of  State;  ministers;  consuls;  negotiations;  treaties;  rati 
fication;  Benjamin  Franklin. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  74,  109,  110,  226;  Guide,  §  157. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  i;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administra 
tion,  ch.  vi;  J.  W.  Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers, 
ch.  i;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  passim.  —  SOURCES:  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §§  85,  86;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign;  Diplomatic 
Correspondence;  Foreign  Relations,  and  other  executive 
documents. 

LECT.  4.  (1775-1783)  REVOLUTIONARY  DIPLOMACY:  en 
voys;  French  aid;  Declaration  of  Independence  (1776); 
French  treaties  (1778);  Spain;  Holland;  conquests  in 
the  West  (1779);  armed  neutrality  (1780);  Dutch 
treaty  (1782);  relations  with  England;  instructions; 


§89]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  155 

negotiations  at  Paris  (1782);  peace  (1782);  definitive 
treaty  (1783);  John  Jay. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§72,  73;  Guide,  §§139,  141, 
153.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revo 
lution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  chs.  xii,  xiii,  xvii;  A.  C.  McLaugh- 
lin,  Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  i, 
ii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §831; 
J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  i.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II, 
§  199;  J.  Adams,  Works,  VII,  passim;  text  of  treaties  in 
U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions  (see  Index). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  1.  —  BREAKING  THE  INSTRUC 
TIONS  OF  CONGRESS  AT  PARIS.  —  Manual,  §  174.] 

LECT.  5.  (1783-1788)  DIPLOMACY  OF  THE  CONFEDERA 
TION:  European  commerce;  Barbary  powers;  English 
Commerce;  northern  posts;  loyalists;  Negroes;  debts; 
Mississippi;  John  Adams. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§71,  72,  173,  174,  181;  Guide, 
150,  152.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am. 
Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  ch.  xv;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Con 
federation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  ii,  v,  vi;  J. 
B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§  824,  825,  889.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  E.  Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  ix;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  I,  1-5,  90-118,  271-273;  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  ch.  xi;  G.  Bancroft,  Hist,  of  the  Constitution,  ch.  iii. 
—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  26,  48-53;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  No.  3;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  22,  32; 
U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions  (see  Index). 

LECT.  6.  (1789)  PRINCIPLES  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW:  bal 
ance  of  power;  status  of  weak  powers;  publicists;  recog 
nition  of  new  powers;  colonial  systems;  federations; 
neutral  trade;  contraband;  blockade;  rule  of  1756;  free 
ships;  law  of  prize;  privateers;  prisoners;  citizenship; 
tradition  of  isolation;  George  Washington. 


156  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§89 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  74,  175.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §  1336;  H.  Wheaton,  Hist, 
of  the  Law  of  Nations,  78-88,  106-175;  Wilson  and  Tucker, 
International  Law,  §§  12b,  122,  130;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplo 
macy,  ch.  ii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  26;  M.  Hill, 
Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xviii. 

§  90.  (1815-1842)  Readings  on  Neutrality  and  Territorial 
Diplomacy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  74,  178;  Guide,  §  162. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am. 
Diplomacy,  chs.  iv-vii;  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  chs.  vi,  viii;  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iv-vi,  xi,  xv-xix;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  I,  §  101;  II,  §§  317,  318;  V,  §§  821,  827,  835,  880, 
883;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation, 
XIII),  ch.  xvi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §  24;  F.  J.  Turner, 
Rise  of  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  v. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of  the 
U.  S.;  W.  H.  Trescot,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Administra 
tions  of  Washington  and  Adams. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  92-97,  111-114;  Text 
of  treaties  in  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions;  correspondence 
in  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  I- VI  (see  Index). 

§  91.  (1815-1842)  Lectures  on  Neutrality  and  Territorial 
Diplomacy.  (Lects.  7-14.) 

LECT.  7.  (1789-1793)  NEUTRALITY:  French  Revolution 
(1789);  Nootka  Sound  (1790);  war  with  England 
(1793);  proclamation  of  neutrality;  Genet's  mission; 
captures  of  vessels;  impressment;  remonstrances; 
northern  posts. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  176;  Guide,  §162.- 
SECONDARY   READINGS:   J.    S.    Bassett,    Federalist    System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  chs.  vi,  viii;  A.  Johnston,  Political  His- 


§91]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  157 

tory  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  viii;  H.  C.  Lodge,  George  Wash 
ington,  II,  ch.  iv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  C.  Lodge, 
Alexander  Hamilton,  ch.  viii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§821, 
827;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  4399-4414.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  92-97;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and 
Papers,  I,  156,  et  seq. 

LECT.  8.     (1794-1799)  COMMERCIAL  PRIVILEGES:  War  fever 
against   England    (1794);   Jay's    Mission;   Jay   treaty; 
ratification   (1795);  Spanish  treaty   (1795);   appropria 
tions  (1796);  protests  of  France;  Monroe's  dismissal; 
Pinckney's  ill  treatment  (1797);   C.  C.  Pinckney. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  176;  Guide,  §  162.— 
SECONDARY    READINGS:    J.    S.    Bassett,    Federalist   System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  viii;  R.  Hildreth,  United,  States,  IV, 
539-615.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Diplomacy, 
ch.  ii;  G.  Pellew,  John  Jay,  chs.  x,  xi.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  III,  §§  96,  97;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  I,  passim; 
U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  379-394. 

LECT.  9.  (1797-1805)  NAVAL  WARS:  X.  Y.  Z.  mission 
(1797);  Miranda  project  (1798);  naval  war  with  France; 
peace  with  France  (1800);  convention  with  Spain 
(1805) ;  Barbary  Wars. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  176;  Guide,  §164. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XI),  chs.  xv,  xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  821; 
A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  ch.  ix.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4414- 
4432;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  V,  94-159.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §  99;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  I;  II, 
passim;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  1015. 

LECT.  10.  (1800-1806)  LOUISIANA:  Napoleon  Bonaparte; 
colonial  schemes;  Treaty  of  St.  Ildefonso  (1800);  Peace 
of  Amiens  (1801);  renewal  of  war  (1803);  Monroe's 
mission;  cession  of  Louisiana  (1803);  price;  boundaries; 


158  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§91 

opposition;  territorial  government;  West  Florida  ques 
tion;  Thomas  Jefferson. 

BIBLIOGKAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  178;  Guide,  §  168. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  iv-vi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§7, 
25,  46,  62-66;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  101.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Louisiana  Purchase;  H.  Adams, 
United  States,  II,  chs.  ii-vi;  F.  A.  Ogg,  Opening  of  the 
Mississippi,,  chs.  x-xiv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§§  111-114;  Source-Book,  §78;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conven 
tions,  331-342;  A.  de  Clercq,  Recueil  des  Traites  de  la  France, 

I,  411-413,  (Saint-Ildephonse) ;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign, 

II,  passim. 

LECT.  11.     (1803-1811)   NEUTRAL  TRADE;  admiralty  deci 
sions;    rule  of  1756;  continuous  voyages;  continental 
system;    orders   in   council;    decrees;    embargo  (1807); 
negotiations;  failure;  number  of  captures. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74,  179;  Guide,  §176.- 
SECONDARY   READINGS:   E.   Channing,   Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  xv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II,  §§  317- 
318;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  III,  chs.  ii-iv.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  S.  H.  Gay,  James  Madison,  chs.  xv,  xvii;  K.  C. 
Babcock,    Rise   of   Am.    Nationality    (Am.    Nation,    XIII), 
ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  116-121;  Source- 
Book,  §§  79,  81;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  II,  727,  807. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2.  —  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL  AND 
DECREES.  —  Manual,  §  179,  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  35,  36,  73,  74.] 

LECT.  12.  (1811-1815)  WAR  OF.1812:  neutral  trade;  orders 
in  council;  impressments;  Indians;  war  spirit;  declara 
tion  (1812);  army;  navy;  privateers;  captures;  prison 
ers;  destruction  of  cities;  use  of  neutral  territory;  con 
quests;  negotiations;  treaty  of  Ghent  (1815). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74;  Guide,  §172. — 

SECONDARY  READINGS:   E.   Channing,   Jeffersonian  System 


§  91]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  159 

(Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  xx;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII);  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II, 
§319.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea  Power 
and  its  Relation  to  the  War  of  1812,  I,  chs.  v-viii;  II,  chs. 
ix-xvii;  H.  Adams,  United  States,  VI-VIII.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§124,  127;  Source-Book,  §§83-86; 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  29,  30;  U.  S.  Trea 
ties  and  Conventions  (see  Index);  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign. 

LECT.  13.     (1806-1829)   TERRITORIAL  DIPLOMACY:    Oregon 
expedition  (1804-1806);    Astoria  (1810);  West  Florida 
(1810-1814);  Oregon  joint  occupation  (1818);  Jackson 
(1818);  East  Florida  (1819);    Russian    claims    (1821); 
northern  boundary;    arbitration  (1827). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§73,  74;  Guide,  §168.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am. 
Nation,  XII),  ch.  vii-xi;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nation 
ality   (Am.   Nation,   XIII),   ch.   xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  H.  Adams,  United  States,  II,  ch.  iii;  III,  ch.  v;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  102;  V,  §§  835,  880;  H.H.  Bancroft,  Pacific 
States,  XXII,  chs.  vii-ix;  XXIII,  chs.  i-xvi;  R.  Greenhow, 
Oregon,  chs.  viii-xvi.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  115; 
Source-Book,  §  80;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  passim. 

LECT.  14.  (1807-1826)  MONROE  DOCTRINE:  French  Con 
quest  of  Spain  (1807);  colonial  insurrections;  restora 
tion  (1814);  Holy  Alliance  (1815);  second  insurrection; 
War  of  Liberation;  commissions;  recognition  (1822); 
Canning's  propositions;  Monroe's  message  (1823);  re 
sponsibility;  effect;  Russian  treaties  (1824-25);  Panama 
Congress  (1826). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§79-82,  186.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  New  West  (Am.  Nation, 
XIV),  ch.  xii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Monroe  Doctrine  in  its  Terri 
torial  Extent.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  B.  Edgington, 
Monroe  Doctrine,  chs.  vii-ix,  xv;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI, 


160  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§91 

§§  955-958;  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions, 
104-136,  508-512;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §  19.  - 
SOURCES:  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  77;  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  931-933;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
No.  4;  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign,  III;  IV,  passim;  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  207-209. 

[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    3.  —  MONROE    DOCTRINE.  - 
Manual,  §  145,  cf.  §  183.] 

§  92.  (1823-1865)  Readings  on  Diplomacy  of  Expansion  and 
the  Civil  War. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§49,  50,  79,  80,  185,  191; 
Guide,  §§  193,  212. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Exten 
sion  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  chs.  v-viii,  x-xvi;  G.  P.  Garrison, 
Texas,  chs.  xiii-xix;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am. 
Nation,  XX),  ch.  xx;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil 
War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  chs.  x,  xiii;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century 
of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  x;  J.  C.  Callahan,  Diplomacy  of  the 
Confederate  States;  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  IV, 
ch.  xv;  V,  ch.  ii;  VI,  chs.  ii-iv;  VII,  ch.  xiv;  VIII,  ch.  x. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Texas,  II,  chs. 
xii,  xiii;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII,  ch.  xii;  C.  F. 
Adams,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  chs.  ix-xviii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§185,  186;  IV,  §§98- 
100;  Correspondence  in  Diplomatic  Correspondence,  1861- 
1865. 

§  93.  (1823-1865)  Lectures  on  Diplomacy  of  Expansion  and 

the  Civil  War.     (Lects.  15-23.) 

LECT.  15.  (1819-1845)  ANNEXATION  OF  TEXAS:  Long 
(1819);  Austin  (1821);  plan  of  purchase;  slavery  decree 
(1829);  boundary  treaty  (1832);  Texan  revolution 
(1835);  independence  (1836);  Jackson  (1837);  Tyler 
(1842);  draft  of  treaty  (1844);  joint  resolution  (1845). 


§93]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  161 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§39-50,  79-82.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am. 
Nation,  XVII),  chs.  v-x;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  37,  103; 
G.  P.  Garrison,  Texas,  chs.  xii-xxi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  H.  Bancroft,  Texas,  II,  chs.  xii-xiv;  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  VI,  251-270,  459-463.  —  SOURCES:  Contem 
poraries,  III,  185-189;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  661- 
663;  draft  treaty  of  1844  in  House  Docs.,  28  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  271,  pp.  5-8. 

LECT.  16.  (1831-1842)  NORTHEASTERN  BOUNDARY:  arbi 
tration  rejected  (1831);  Maine;  Aroostook  War  (1839); 
Ashburton  treaty  (1842);  " battle  of  the  maps";  Daniel 
Webster. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§79,  80;  Guide,  §192. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  v;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  139- 
161.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V, 
§  834;  G.  T.  Curtis,  Daniel  Webster,  II,  chs.  xxvii-xxix; 
J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  VI,  429-446,  603-622.- 
SOURCES:  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  70;  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  432-437. 

LECT.  17.     (1828-1846)   NORTHWESTERN  BOUNDARY;  joint 
occupation  renewed  (1828);  overland  to  Oregon  (1830); 
missions;  Whitman  legend  (1842);   controversy  (1844); 
compromise  treaty  (1846);  San  Juan  question. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual  §§79-80;   Guide,   §192.  —  SEC 
ONDARY   READINGS:   G.    P.    Garrison,    Westward   Extension 
(Am,  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  835; 
E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays    in    Historical    Criticism,   No.   1. — 
ADDITIONAL   READINGS:   R.    Greenhow,    Oregon,    chs.    xvii, 
xviii;   J.    B.    Moore,   Arbitrations,   I,   209-222.  —  SOURCES: 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,   No.  74;   U.  S.   Treaties 
and  Conventions,  438-439. 


162  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§93 

LECT.  18.  (1831-1848)  MEXICAN  WAR:  claims;  controver 
sies;  effect  of  Texas  (1845);  Slidell  mission  (1845); 
Taylor;  declaration  of  war  (1846);  campaigns;  New 
Mexico;  California;  City  of  Mexico  (1847);  negotiations; 
peace  of  1848. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§79,  80,  185;  Guide,  §194.— 
READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Na 
tion,  XVII),  chs.  xiii-xvi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§857, 
858.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Buch 
anan,  I,  ch.  xxi;  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in  Historical  Criti 
cism,  No.  9;  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  II,  1245-1286.- 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  7-17;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  72,  73,  76;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Con 
ventions,  681-693. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  4.  —  ETHICS  OF  THE  MEXICAN 
WAR.  —  Manual,  §  152;  cf.  lects.  in  §§  43,  44,  79,  80.] 

LECT.  19.  (1826-1860)  ISTHMIAN  CANAL:  early  Spanish 
projects;  U.  S.  interested  (1826-1837);  treaty  with 
New  Granada  (1846);  British  claims  (1849);  Clayton- 
Bulwer  treaty  (1850);  controversy;  William  Walker 
(1857);  adjustment  (1860). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§79,  80;  Guide,  §199.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension 
(Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xviii;  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and 
Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  xviii;  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  ch.  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§  336,  337;  VI,  §  942;  J.  H. 
Latane,  U.  S.  and  Spanish  America,  176-185;  J.  B.  Hen 
derson,  Diplomatic  Questions,  65-103.  —  SOURCES:  Am. 
Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  34;  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  195- 
206,  694-697,  828-835. 

LECT.  20.  (1848-1860)  CUBA:  offer  to  purchase  (1848); 
fillibusters;  tripartite  suggestion  (1851);  Black  War- 


$93]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  163 

rior    (1854);    Ostend    Manifesto    (1854);     Buchanan's 
efforts  (1859-1860). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§79,  80,  191;  Guide,  §199.— 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery 
(Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  906; 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  II,  16-44.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS;  J.  H.  Latane,  U.  S.  and  Spanish  America,  103— 
135;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations,  chs. 
vii-ix.  —  SOURCES:  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  2. 

LECT.  21.  (1844-1868)  THE  ORIENT:  explorations;  Hawaiian 
islands;  Chinese  treaty  (1844);  Japanese  treaty  (1853); 
question  of  Hawaii;  negotiations;  Burlingame  mission 
(1868). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  79,  80.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  J.  W.  Foster,  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  chs.  ii-vii; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§797,  798,  845,  846.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  M.  Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the 
Pacific,  chs.  v-vii;  W.  E.  Griffis,  America  in  the  East;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4627-4637.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  145-178. 

LECT.  22.  (1861-1865)  CIVIL  WAR  DIPLOMACY:  blockade; 
recognition  of  belligerency;  piracy;  Trent;  efforts  at 
recognition;  Alabama;  other  cruisers;  prize  cases; 
border  relations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§49,  50,  81;  Guide,  §212. — 
READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am.  Nation^ 
XX),  ch.  xx ;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XXI),  chs.  x,  xiii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  38,  66; 
II,  §330.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  F.  Adams,  Charles 
Francis  Adams,  chs.  ix-xviii;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am. 
Diplomacy,  ch.  x;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy,  IV,  §§  98-100;  F.  W.  Seward,  Seward 
at  Washington,  III,  passim;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages 
and  Papers  of  the  Confederacy  (see  Index  ) . 


164  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§9$ 

LECT.  23.  (1861-1877)  DIPLOMACY  WITH  OTHER  AMERICAN 
POWERS:  Corwin's  Mexican  convention  (1861);  French 
invasion;  attitude  of  Seward;  Empire  of  Maximillian 
(1863);  Honduras  treaty  (1864);  Alaskan  treaty  (1867); 
Danish  West  Indies;  warning  to  Napoleon  III;  Cuban 
War  (1868);  San  Domingo  (1871);  Virginius  (1873). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  81,  82;  Guide,  §§  209,  212.- 

SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms  (Am. 

Nation,  IX),  ch.  xx;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  62,  72;  J.  B. 

Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  560-623.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 

J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Southern  Confederacy? 

chs.  i-v;  J.  Bigelow,  France  and  the  Confederate  Navy;  M. 

Bernard,  Neutrality  of  Great  Britain,  chs.  vi-x.  —  SOURCES: 

Contemporaries,  IV,    §§  97-100;  Diplomatic  Correspondence, 

1861-1877  (see  Index  vol.). 

§  94.    (1866-1907)  Readings  on  America  as  a  World  Power. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  53,  54,  85. 

SECONDARY  READINGS. — A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xvii;  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Develop 
ment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  vii,  xiii;. 
J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV), 
chs.  i-xii,  xiv-xvii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World 
Power,  chs.  v-xix;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the 
Orient,  chs.  xi-xiii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  11,  12,  21, 
27,  29,  41,  56;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy, 
ch.  xii;  C.  A.  Conant,  U.  S.  in  the  Orient. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  179-196. 

§  95.  (1866-1907)  Lectures  on  America  as  a  World  Power. 
(Lects.  24-30.) 

LECT.  24.     (1867-1877)  RELATIONS  WITH  GREAT  BRITAIN: 
end  of  Canadian  reciprocity   (1866);  Alabama  claims; 


I  95]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  165 

Johnson-Clarendon    convention    (1868);    Charles    Sum- 
ner;   Joint   High   Commission;   Treaty   of   Washington 
(1871);  Oregon  arbitration  (1872);  Geneva  arbitration 
(1872);  payment  of  award;  fisheries  arbitration  (1877). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§53,  54,  84,  85.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:   W.   A.   Dunning,   Reconstruction   (Am.   Nation, 
XXII),  ch.  x;  J.  F.  Rhodes,   United  States,  VI,  335,  364; 
A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  ch.  xiii.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §  838;  C.  Gushing, 
Treaty  of  Washington;  J.   B.   Moore,   Arbitrations,   I,   495- 
554.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions,  478-494; 
Geneva  Arbitration,  House  Documents,  42  Cong.,  2  sess.,  Nos. 
282,  324  (4  vols.). 

XECT.  25.     (1867-1903)    THE    ISTHMUS:    Honduras    treaty 
(1864);    Nicaragua    treaty    (1867);    negotiations    with 
Colombia;  French  canal  (1879);  Hayes7  policy  (1880); 
Nicaragua  company  (1884);  failure  of  Panama  (1889); 
U.  S.  commission  (1900);  British  treaty  (1902);  Colum 
bian  draft  treaty  (1902);  Panama  treaty  (1903). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §§83-86,   196.  --  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Na 
tion,   XXIII),   ch.   xiii;   D.   R.   Dewey,   National  Problems 
(Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vii;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a 
World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),   ch.  xii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:    W.   F.  Johnson,   Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal, 
chs.    v-xii;   J.  B.  Moore,    Digest,    III,    §§344,    358-366.- 
;SOURCES:    Text    of   Treaties    in  U.  S.    Treaties    and    Con 
ventions  (see  Index);   W.  M.  Malloy,  Treaties  in  Force  (see 
Index);  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  34. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5.  —  ISTHMUS  CANAL.  —  Manual, 
§  196;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  53,  54,  84,  85.] 

XECT.  26.  (1868-1907)  IMMIGRANTS  AND  EMIGRANTS: 
numbers  of  immigrants;  military  service;  denaturaliza- 
tion  treaties;  Chinese  treaty  (1880);  statutes  against 


166  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§95 

Chinese  (1882-1894);  Chinese  treaty  (1894);  restric 
tions  on  European  immigration;  Japanese  question 
(1907). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  84,  192.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIII),  ch.  xiv;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in  the  Orient, 
ch.  viii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§799,  800,  823.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration;  J.  R.  Commons, 
Races  and  Immigrants.  —  SOURCES:  U.  S.  Treaties  and 
Conventions,  179-183,  790,  791;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,. 
XXII,  58-61;  XXIII,  115-118;  XXV,  476-479;  XXVII,, 
25,  26;  XXVIII,  1210-1212. 

LECT.  27.  (1867-1907)  HEGEMONY  IN  LATIN  AMERICA:. 
Cuban  War  (1868);  Virginius  affair  (1873);  proposed 
intervention  (1875);  peace  (1878);  1st  Pan-American 
Congress  (1890);  Chile  (1891);  Venezula  (1895);  2d 
Pan-American  Congress  (1901);  claims;  Drago  doctrine; 
3d  Pan-American  Congress  (1906);  2d  Hague  Confer 
ence  (1907). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§83,  84.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),. 
ch.  xiii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  969;  A.  B.  Hart,  Prac 
tical  Essays,  No.  5.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore, 
Arbitrations,  1469-1484,  1579-1592,  1659-1724,  1749-1853, 
1909-2108.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  177;  F.  Snow, 
Treaties  and  Topics,  312-326;  proceedings  of  Pan-Amer 
ican  Congresses  of  1890,  1901,  1906. 

LECT.  28.  (1878-1900)  DIPLOMACY  OF  THE  PACIFIC:  Hawai 
ian  treaty  (1878);  Samoa  (1889);  Bering  Sea  (1886); 
Hawaiian  independence  (1893);  annexation  of  Hawaii 
(1898);  adjustment  of  Samoa  (1899);  small  Pacific 
islands  (1899);  Philippines  (1899);  Bering  Sea  arbitra 
tion  (1900). 


§95]  BRIEF  DIPLOMATIC  167 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§85,  86,  195.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  chs.  xxiii,  xix;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in 
the  Orient,  chs.  xi-xii;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the 
Pacific,  ch.  viii-ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest,  I,  §§  108,  110,  173;  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplo 
matic  Questions,  29-64;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World 
Power,  ch.  xvii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  178; 
F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  361-422,  481-509;  reports  of 
the  Philippine  Commissions. 

LECT.  29.     (1898-1899)  DIPLOMACY  OF  THE  SPANISH  WAR: 
Cuban    insurrection    (1895);    filibustering;    The   Maine 
(1898);  War;  taking  of  Philippines;   invasion  of  Cuba; 
invasion  of  Porto  Rico;    navy;    peace  protocol   (Aug. 
1898);  peace  ratified  (Feb.  1899);  prizes;  conquests. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§85,    86,    194.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  chs.  i-iv;  Cambridge  Modern  History,  VII, 
ch.    xxi.  —  ADDITIONAL    READINGS:    J.    W.    Foster,    Am. 
Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  ch.  xiii;  J.  B.   Moore,   Digest,  I, 
§  109;  V,  §  887;  VI,  §§  908-910;  A.  C.  Coolidge,   U.  S.  as 
a  World  Power,  ch.  vi;  H.  C.  Lodge,  The  Spanish  War,  ch. 
xi.  —  SOURCES:    Contemporaries,    IV,     §§180-185;    Source- 
Book,  §§  140-144;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXX,  364,  1742, 
1743,  1754-1762,  2136,  2248,  2273;  XXXI,  897,  898. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  6.  —  CONTROL  OF  ACQUIRED 
TERRITORY,--  Manual,  §  153,  cf.  §§  178,  218,  219.] 

LECT.  30.  (1899-1907)  DEPENDENCIES  AND  THE  EAST: 
Philippine  insurrection  (1899);  Porto  Rico  tariff;  insular 
decisions  (1900-1901);  China  (1900);  Cuban  govern 
ment  (1901);  Philippine  government;  treaty  of  Ports 
mouth  (1905);  occupation  of  Cuba  (1906);  Japan  (1907). 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§85,  86,  195.  —  SECONDARY 


168  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  95 

READINGS:  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  chs.  v-ix;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in 
the  Orient,  ch.  xiii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §  94;  V,  §§  SOS- 
SIS.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a 
World  Power,  chs.  vii,  xvii-xix;  J.  M.  Callahan,  Am.  Rela 
tions  in  the  Pacific,  chs.  vi-x.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §§189-196;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiv; 
Source-Book,  §  143;  Foreign  Relations,  1899-1907;  U.  S. 
Statutes  at  Large,  XXXI,  896  (Cuba). 

§  96.   Ninety  Lectures  on  American  Government  (Course  E). 

Abbreviated  references  in  this  list  are  as  follows: 

Actual  Government.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  Actual  Gov 
ernment  as  applied  under  American  Conditions  (3d  ed., 
N.  Y.,  1908). 

J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth.  —  James  Bryce,  American 
Commonwealth  (2  vols.,  3d  ed.,  N.  Y.,  1901). 

Contemporaries.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  American  His 
tory  told  by  Contemporaries  (4  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1897-1901). 

Foundations.  —  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  The  Foundations 
of  American  Foreign  Policy  (N.  Y.,  1901). 

Guide.  —  Edward  Channing  and  Albert  Bushnell  Hart, 
Guide  to  the  Study  of  American  History  (Boston,  1896). 

M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents.  —  Mabel  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments  with  Contemporary  Exposition  and  Critical  Comments 
drawn  from  Various  Writers  (N.  Y.,  1901). 

Manual.  —  This  book  (Cambridge,  1908). 

Full  titles  of  most  of  the  books  cited  will  be  found  in  the 
Manual  (§§11-24),  or  in  Actual  Government,  Introduction. 

§  97.  Readings  on  the  Fundamentals  of  American  Govern 
ment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §1;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §  1. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  i;  A.  B. 


§  981]  GOVERNMENT  169 

Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  iv-ix,  xv; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  i;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of 
Democracy,  ch.  iv;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  i. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
II,  chs.  xxvi-cxix;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  i; 
C.  W.  Eliot,  Am.  Contributions,  chs.  i-vi;  E.  L.  Godkin, 
Problems  of  Democracy,  Nos.  1,  2,  7,  10;  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Am.  Republic,  chs.  i,  ii;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Anglo-Saxon  Free 
dom;  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and  Liberty,  I,  63-136; 
A.  de  Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America,  I;  C.  G.  Tiedeman, 
Unwritten  Constitution;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Nature  of  the 
State;  S.  G.  Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution;  C.  E. 
Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories;  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am. 
Government. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §§45-101;  Source-Book, 
§§25-35,  41-52. 

§  98.  Lectures  on  the  Fundamentals  of  American  Govern 
ment.  (Lects.  1-7.) 

LECT.  1.  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  COURSE:  aim;  methods; 
materials;  text-books;  lectures;  class-room  papers; 
library  reports;  examinations;  students'  collections; 
compilations;  secondary  books;  official  sources;  non- 
official  sources;  experience. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  1-13,  22-24,  198,  231,  283, 
300;  Guide,  §§  30-34;  Actual  Government,  Introduction. 

LECT.  2.  TERRITORIAL  BASIS  OF  NATIONAL  LIFE:  physiog 
raphy;  natural  resources;  principles  of  territorial  sub 
division. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§29,  30;  Actual  Government, 
§  1;  Guide,  §§  21,  77,  78,  144;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics, 
§  15.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  i,  ii;  Actual  Government,  §§2,  3; 


170  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  98 

L.  Farrand,  Basis  of  Am.  History  (Am.  Nation,  II),  chs.  ir 
ii;  A.  P.  Brigham,  Geographic  Influences  in  Am.  History.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch. 
iii;  E.  C.  Semple,  Am.  History  and  its  Geographic  Conditions; 
N.  S.  Shaler,  United  States,  I,  chs.  i-iii. 

LECT.  3.  THE  PEOPLE  WITHIN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  num 
bers;  distribution;  origin;  races;  color;  sex;  occupa 
tions;  urban  and  rural. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  29,  30;  Guide,  §§145,  180, 
204;  Actual  Government,  §  1;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics, 
§20.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§4r 
5;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
iii;  C.  W.  Eliot,  Am.  Contributions,  chs.  iv,  v;  E.  R.  A. 
Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  iv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  R.  Commons,  Races  and  Immigrants;  C.  D.  Wright,  Prac 
tical  Sociology,  chs.  ii,  iv,  vi,  viii;  N.  S.  Shaler,  Nature  and 
Man  in  America;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration;  A.  C.  Coolidge, 
U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  chs.  ii,  iii;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Prob 
lems,  ch.  ii.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  10-36, 
203-209;  U.  S.  Census,  decennial  Reports,  and  Bulletins. 

LECT.  4.     AMERICAN  SOCIETY  AS  A  BASIS  OF  GOVERNMENT: 
family;  clubs  and  orders;  churches;  education;  classes ; 
initiative;  individuality;  public  spirit;  self-protection. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§  29,    30;   Actual  Government, 
§  1.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  6;  C.  W. 
Eliot,  Am.  Contributions,  chs.  ii,  iii;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical 
Sociology,  chs.  v,  vi;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs. 
Ixxvi-lxxx,  xci,  ex,  cxix;  A.  B  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,    XXVI),    chs.    x,    xix.  —  ADDITIONAL    READINGS: 
E.  L.  Godkin,  Problems  of  Democracy,  ch.  i;  F.  A.  Cleve 
land,   Growth   of   Democracy,    ch.    vi;   W.    W.    Willoughby, 
Am.  Citizenship,    part  i,    ch.  i;    H.  J.  Ford,    Am.  Politics, 
chs.  i-v. 


§  98]  GOVERNMENT  171 

LECT.  5.  AMERICAN  THEORIES  OF  POPULAR  GOVERNMENT: 
status  of  women;  equality;  the  social  compact;  democ 
racy;  local  self-government;  distribution  of  powers. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §199;  Guide,  §§156,  165,  183, 
205;  Actual  Government,  §17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,  §§  18,  19;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
II,  chs.  Ixxvii,  Ixxviii,  xcvi,  xcix,  cviii,  cix;  W.  W.  Wil- 
loughby,  Nature  of  the  State,  ch.  xiv;  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vii;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth 
of  Democracy,  chs.  ii-iv,  xi;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and 
Administration,  ch.  i.  --  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  L. 
Godkin,  Problems  of  Democracy,  ch.  ii;  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays 
on  Government,  Nos.  2,  4;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Social  Compact 
(Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  467-490,  April,  1900);  C.  E.  Merriam, 
Am.  Political  Theories. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.   1.  —  THEORY  OF  THE   SOCIAL 
COMPACT.  —  Manual,  §  199.] 

LECT.  6.     AMERICAN  THEORIES  OF  FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT: 
precedents;  two  spheres;  division  of  powers;  ultimate 
authority;  written  constitutions;  subordination  of  laws. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  199;  Actual  Government,  §  17; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  15.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,    §§25-27;  A.   B.   Hart,   National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  viii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  I,  .chs.  ii-iv,  xxvi-xxx;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  ch.  iii;    C.  E.  Merriam,    Theory  of  Sovereignty,  ch.  ix. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation 
and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xii-xvii;  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  vi; 
W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii;  R.    L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §  5;  A.  B.  Hart,  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  Federal  Government,  §§  33-40;  C.  E.  Merriam, 
Am.   Political   Theories,    chs.   iii,   vii;   W.   W.   Willoughby, 
Nature  of  the  State,  ch.  x;  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist., 
chs.  xvii,  xviii. 


172  LECTURES  AND' READINGS  [§98 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2.  —  THEORY  OF  THE  TWO 
SPHERES  AND  OF  THE  UNITY  OF  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT. 
—  Manual,  §  200.] 

LECT.  7.  (1606-1907)  HISTORICAL  DEVELOPMENT  OF  AMER 
ICAN  GOVERNMENT:  English  types;  colonies;  towns  and 
counties;  boroughs;  control  from  England;  self-reliance; 
Revolutionary  governments;  federal  idea;  democrati 
zation;  lack  of  executive  concentration;  elective  judi 
ciary;  rotation;  limitation  on  legislation;  centraliza 
tion  in  Civil  War;  cities. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §17.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§21-24;  A.  B.  Hart,  Na- 
tional  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vi;  J.  Bryce,  Am. 
Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  ii-iv,  xxi;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Con 
stitutional  System,  ch.  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  M. 
Andrews,  Colonial  Self-Government  (Am.  Nation,  V),  ch. 
ii;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  i;  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evo 
lution  of  the  Constitution,  chs.  i-iv;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am. 
Federal  State,  chs.  ii-iv;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories. 
chs.  i,  ii;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  chs.  ii,  xi; 
G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution;  H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics,  chs. 
xx vi,  xxviii. 

§  99.  Readings  on  Membership  in  the  Community:  Privileges 
and  Obligations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  177,  197,  201;  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §§1,  7. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  i,  ii; 
W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  xv;  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  xlvii,  xlviii;  G.  S.  Boutwell, 
Constitution,  chs.  x,  xxii,  xxiii,  xliv,  liii-lviii,  Ixiii,  Ixiv;  H. 
Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  72-78,  84-87. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  H.  Brannon,  A  Treatise  on  the 
Fourteenth  Amendment;  J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science,  I, 


§  100]  GOVERNMENT  173 

174-252;  J.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  iv,  §§3,  14, 
chs.  xii-xvi;  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia  of  Political  Science, 
articles  on  Cherokee  Case,  Civil  Rights  Bill,  Dred  Scott 
Gase,  Ex-Post  Facto  Laws,  Habeas  Corpus  (U.  S.),  Jury 
(Trial),  Personal  Liberty  Laws,  Petition,  Slavery;  A.  de 
Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America,  I,  ch.  xviii;  C.  G.  Tiede- 
man,  Unwritten  Constitution,  chs.  vi,  viii. 

SOURCES.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents;  James  Wilson, 
Works,  II,  ch.  xii. 

§  100.  Lectures  on  Membership  in  the  Community:  Privileges 
and  Obligations.  (Lects.  8-14.) 

LECT.  8.  CITIZENSHIP  AND  ALIEN  STATUS:  birth;  naturali 
zation;  annexation;  aliens;  " heimathlose" ;  Chinese; 
Japanese;  loss  of  citizenship. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  177,  192,  201;  Actual  Govern 
ment.  §  7;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  192;  R.  C. 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  1.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§8-10;  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  100,  193-196;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Con 
stitutional  System,  ch.  xv;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  S. 
Boutwell,  Constitution,  ch.  xliv;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am. 
Citizenship,  part  i,  ch.  ii. 

LECT.  9.      SPECIAL     STATUS     OF     DEPENDENT     PEOPLES: 

Negroes;  Indians;  Alaskans;  Porto  Ricans;  Filipinos. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  194,  201;  Guide,  §§  185,  196. 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  184;  Actual  Government, 
§160.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§15, 
164-168;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  107,  185,  186; 
W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  xiii,  xiv, 
xvii;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§628-630;  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  iv. — 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  186,  191,  204;  M.  Hill, 


174  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  100 

Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiv;  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs, 
Reports. 

LECT.  10.  OBLIGATIONS  OF  CITIZENS  AND  RESIDENTS: 
obedience;  military  service;  taxation;  public  office; 
status  of  citizens  abroad. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  155,  177,  182,  187;  Actual 
Government,  §7;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §197. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  10;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxv;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  ch.  xv;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch. 
xxix;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  2&-29,  37-41.- 
SOURCES:  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xxiii. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  3.  —  STATUS  OF  CITIZENS  OTHER 
THAN  NATIVE  BORN.  —  Manual,  §  201.] 

LECT.  11.     DOCTRINE  OF  FUNDAMENTAL  RIGHTS:   English 

precedents;  colonial  precedents;  bills  of  rights:   Federal 

Constitution;  Fourteenth  Amendment:  "civil  rights." 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:     Manual,     §  155;     Guide,     §§  146,     147; 

Actual  Government,    §  17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 

Government,  §§  22,  24,  28;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 

Nation,   XXVI),   ch.   vi;   E.    McClain,   Constitutional   Law, 

chs.  i,  ii;  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§301,  304,  1858-1868. 

—  ADDITIONAL    READINGS:    T.    M.    Cooley,    Constitutional 

Limitations,  chs.  ix,  x;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship, 

chs.  i-vii.  —  SOURCES:  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  ii- 

vi,  viii,  ix,  xi,  xiii. 

LECT.  12.     LIBERTY:   personal  freedom;  movement;  occu 
pations;  expression  of  opinions;  trial;  habeas  corpus. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§  155,   159,  192,   202;    Guide, 
§§148,    186,    214;    Actual   Government,    §7.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:    Actual    Government,     §§  11-14;    A.    B.    Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  v;  E.   McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xxvi-xliv;  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of 


§  100]  GOVERNMENT  175 

Am.  Government,  chs.  xi,  xii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
R.  C.  Hurd,  Habeas  Corpus;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Govern 
ment,  chs.  xlvii,  xlviii;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limita 
tions,  chs.  xi-xiii;  A.  Train,  Prisoner  at  the  Bar;  Adolphe  de 
Chambrun,  Droits  et  Libertes  aux  Etats  Unis.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  TV,  §§  124-129;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents, 
chs.  viii,  xxi-xxiiL 

LECT.  13.  RELIGIOUS  FREEDOM:  sects;  centralized  sys 
tems;  religious  qualifications;  establishment  of  religion; 
polygamy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  202;  Actual  Government,  §  239; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  206.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §  13;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals, 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xi;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
II,  chs.  cvi,  cvii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxvii; 
C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  §§  38,  39.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations,  ch. 
xiii;  J.  H.  Crooker,  Problems  in  Am.  Society,  ch.  vi;  P. 
Schaff,  Church  and  State  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  II, 
391). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  4.  —  THEORY  OF  RELIGIOUS 
LIBERTY.  —  Manual,  §  202.] 

LECT.  14.     PUBLIC  OPINION:  the  pulpit;  the  press;  public 
meetings;     personal     influence;     financial     magnates; 
bosses;   literature;   societies;    mobs;    leaders. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §§7,  42;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,   §§211,  217.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,  §§  13,  49;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
II,  chs.  Ixxvi-lxxxvii,  xcix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
chs.  xxxviii,  xxxix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics 
and  Administration,  ch.  ii;  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Govern 
ment,  No.  2.  —  SOURCES:  newspapers;  magazines;  reviews. 


176  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  101 

§  101.   Readings  on  Written  Constitutions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §  17. 

READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  §  28;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  ch.  iii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
I,  chs.  xxxii-xxxiii;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories, 
chs.  i-iv;  C.  Borgeaud,  Origin  of  Written  Constitutions  (Pol. 
Science  Quarterly,  VII,  613-632);  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitu 
tional  Limitations,  chs.  ii-iv,  vii;  W.  C.  Morey,  Genesis  of  a 
Written  Constitution  and  First  State  Constitutions  (Annals 
Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  I,  529-557;  IV,  201-233). 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  A.  Jameson,  Constitutional 
Conventions;  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution; 
S.  E.  Baldwin,  Political  Institutions,  chs.  ii,  iii;  H.  C.  Black, 
Constitutional  Law,  ch.  iii;  S.  G.  Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Con 
stitution;  J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science,  I,  142-154;  J. 
H.  Robinson,  Original  and  Periodic  Features  of  the  Consti 
tution,  C.  G.  Tiedeman,  Unwritten  Constitution,  ch.  xii; 
A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  chs.  iv,  v. 
—  SOURCES:  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs.  vii,  ix,  xiii, 
xv,  xvii;  B.  P.  Poukl,  Charters  and  Constitutions;  F.  B. 
Hough,  Am.  Constitutions;  B.  P.  Poore,  Charters  and  Con 
stitutions. 

§  102.   Lectures  on  Written  Constitutions.     (Lects.  15-18.) 
LECT.  15.     PRINCIPLE  OF  FUNDAMENTAL  LIMITATIONS:  cor 
porations;     colonial     charters;     colonial     governments; 
early  states;  federal  government;  application  by  courts. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  203;  Actual  Government,  §  17. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §22;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§9-12;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Political 
Institutions,  ch.  iii;  S.  G.  Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitu 
tion,  chs.  ii,  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  chs.  i-iii,  vi-viii,  xvi;  J.  Story, 
Commentaries,  §§1331-1606,  1906-1909;  J.  Schouler,  Con- 


§  102]  GOVERNMENT  177 

stitutional  Studies,  part  ii,  ch.  vii;  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Consti- 
tion,  chs.  li,  Hi,  lix;  A.  V.  Dicey,  Law  of  the  Constitution, 
Introduction.  —  SOURCES:  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs. 
ii,  vi,  viii,  ix,  xiv,  xix. 

LECT.  16.  FRAMING  CONSTITUTIONS  BY  CONVENTIONS: 
summons;  limitations;  procedure;  submission;  popular 
ratifications;  number  of  constitutions. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  136,203;  Guide,  §  154;  Actual 
Government,  §17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§  23,  24;  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and  Con 
stitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xii-xvi;  E.  McClain,  Consti 
tutional  Law,  §  13;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy, 
chs.  v,  ix;  E.  P.  Oberholtzer,  Referendum  in  America,  chs. 
iii,  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evolution 
of  the  Constitution,  ch.  v;  A.  Johnston,  Political  History 
(Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  v;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State, 
ch.  v;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  vii-ix;  J.  A. 
Jameson,  Constitutional  Conventions,  ch.  viii. —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§60-75;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents, 
ch.  xvii. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5.  —  LIMITATIONS  ON  CONSTI 
TUTIONAL  CONVENTIONS.  —  Manual,  §  203.] 

LECT.  17.     AMENDMENT  OF  CONSTITUTIONS  THROUGH  LEG 
ISLATURES;  single  amendments;  legislative  action;  re 
peated  action;  popular  ratification;  rejections. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  205;  Actual  Government,  §  17. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:   Actual  Government,  §§28,29;  E.. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  14;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,   I,   chs.  xxxii,  xxxvii,  xxxviii;   J.  A.. Kasson,  Evolu 
tion  of  the  Constitution,  ch.  xi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C. 
Borgeaud,  Adoption  and  Amendment  of  Constitutions,  3-25, 
131-191;  J.   A.   Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,   ch.   iv; 
G.    S.   Boutwell,    Constitution,    chs.    i,    lii-lxiv.  —  SOURCES: 
N.  Y.  State  Library,  Bulletin  of  Legislation  (annual  numbers).. 


178  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  102 

LECT.  18.  INTERPRETATION  OF  WRITTEN  CONSTITUTIONS: 
principles;  status  of  courts;  implied  powers;  residuum; 
unwritten  usage. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  17;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §  15.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §  31;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs. 
xxxiii,  xxxv,  xxxviii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch. 
iii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  iii.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Political  Institutions, 
ch.  vii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch.  ix. 

§  103.   Readings  on  Machinery  of  Popular  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §§32,  42;  Brook- 
ings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  1—11. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  §§43-58; 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  v, 
vii,  ix;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  chs.  x,  xii; 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xvii;  H.  J. 
Ford,  Am.  Politics,  chs.  vii-xvii,  xxiii-xxv;  M.  Ostrogorski, 
Democracy  and  Political  Parties. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political 
Parties;  J.  Macy,  Party  Organization  and  Machinery;  A. 
Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  chs.  xi,  xii; 
A.  de  Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America,  I,  chs.  x,  xiii; 
J.  R.  Commons,  Proportional  Representation;  F.  W.  Dallin- 
ger,  Nominations  for  Elective  Office;  G.  Bradford,  Popular 
Government;  E.  L.  Godkin,  Problems  of  Modern  Democracy, 
No.  4;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration;  J.  B. 
Harrison,  Certain  Dangerous  Tendencies;  L.  J.  Jennings, 
Eighty  Years  of  Republican  Government,  chs.  vii,  viii;  W.  E. 
H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and  Liberty,  I,  223-304;  II,  543-560. 

SOURCES.  —  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1861-1878);  Apple- 
ton's  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1879-1897);  Tribune  Almanac; 
World  Almanac;  campaign  text-books. 


$  104]  GOVERNMENT  179 

§  104.  Lectures  on  Machinery  of  Popular  Government. 
(Lects.  19-24.) 

LECT.  19.  THE  SUFFRAGE:  history;  conditions;  exercise; 
woman  suffrage;  property  qualifications;  negro  suffrage. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  204;  Actual  Government,  §  32; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  197;  R.  C.  Ring-wait, 
Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  Nos.  2-4.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  33-35;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Am.  Citizenship,  part  i,  ch.  iii;  E.  McClain;  Constitutional 
Law,  ch.  xxv;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  2;  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  ch.  i;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth 
of  Democracy,  ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Macy, 
Party  Organization  and  Machinery,  ch.  i;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am. 
Federal  State,  §§  516-519;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government, 
ch.  liv;  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  §§50-59.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§  163,  164. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  6.  —  LIMITING  THE  SUFFRAGE. 
-  Manual,  §  204.] 

LECT.  20.  THE  BALLOT:  methods  of  voting;  participation; 
minority  and  proportional  voting;  corrupt  influences, 
counting  votes. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  32;  Brookings  and 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  18.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  36-38;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Politi 
cal  Parties,  ch.  xv;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  2; 
R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  519-527.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs.  Ixvi, 
Ixvii,  xcvi;  F.  J.  Stimson,  Methods  of  Bribery;  J.  R.  Com 
mons,  Proportional  Representation. 

LECT.  21.     LEGISLATIVE   REFERENDUM:   local;   state   ques 
tions;    legislative;    compulsory;    initiative;    advantages 
and  disadvantages. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  205;  Actual  Government,  §  32; 

R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  7. —  SEC- 


180  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  104 

ONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  39-41;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §  4;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democ 
racy,  chs.  vii-x;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxxix. 

—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  P.  Oberholtzer,  Referendum  in 
America,   chs.   vii-xvi;   R.   L.   Ashley,   Am.    Federal  State, 
§§528-531. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  7.  —  EFFICACY  OF  THE  REFER 
ENDUM.  —  Manual,  §  205.] 

LECT.  22.     PARTIES:    history;   organization;   third    parties; 

tenets;  organs;  control. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Guide,  §§  160,  181,  201;  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §42.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§  43;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  ix;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  chs.  i-ix;  J.  Macy, 
Party  Organization  and  Machinery;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  II,  chs.  liii-lvi;  M.  Ostrogorski,  Democracy  and 
Organization  of  Political  Parties,  II,  ch.  i.  — -  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.); 
J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch.  viii;  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  §§532-545;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am. 
Citizenship,  part,  ii,  ch.  in;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and 
Administration,  chs.  ii,  iii,  ix;  H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics, 
chs.  vii,  xxiii-xxv;  H.  C.  Lodge,  Hist,  and  Pol.  Essays, 
198-213. —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  83;  IV,  §  197. 

LECT.  23.     NOMINATING  MACHINERY:  caucus;  primary;  con 
ventions;    committees;    leaders;    assessments;    official 
primaries;   senators;    "  the  organization." 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,   §  206;  Actual  Government,   §  42. 

—  SECONDARY  READINGS:    Actual  Government,  §§44-47;  J. 
A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  chs.  x-xii;   J.  Macy,  Party 
Organization  and  Machinery,  chs.  v-vii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,    II,    chs.    Ixix-lxxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL    READINGS: 
R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  546-549;  M.  Ostrogorski, 
Democracy,    chs.    ii-v;    F.    W.    Dallinger,    Nominations   for 
Elective  Office. 


§  105]  GOVERNMENT  181 

LECT.  24.  THE  POLITICAL  MACHINE:  the  ring;  the  boss; 
rise;  system;  powers;  remedies. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §42.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§48-51;  A.  B.  Hart,  Na- 
tional  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  ix,  xiv;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs.  Ivii,  Ix-lxiv,  Ixviii,  Ixxiv,  Ixxv, 
Ixxxviii,  Ixxxix;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  chs. 
xiii-xxi;  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  6.  —  ADDITIONAL 
HEADINGS:  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§550-553; 
M.  Ostrogorski,  Democracy,  chs.  vi-ix;  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
Politics  and  Administration,  ch.  viii;  D.  B.  Eaton,  Govern 
ment  of  Municipalities,  chs.  iv-vi;  G.  Myers,  Hist,  of  Tam 
many  Hall.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §  88;  IV,  §  202. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  8.  —  POPULAR  NOMINATION 
MACHINERY.  —  Manual,  §  206.] 

§  105.   Readings  on  the  Government  of  the  Commonwealths. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §§52,  59,  66,  72. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  vi-ix; 
P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures  and  Legislative  Methods,  chs.  iv- 
x;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xl-xlvi;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xxx-xxxiii;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  chs.  v-x;  J.  F.  Jameson,  Constitu 
tional  and  Political  History  of  the  States;  H.  Hitchcock, 
Am.  State  Constitutions;  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law, 
chs.  xi-xiii;  J.  W.  Burgess,  Am.  Commonwealth  (Pol.  Sci, 
Quarterly,  I,  9-35). 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Law,  chs.  x,  xi;  L.  B.  Evans  (editor),  Handbooks  of  Amer 
ican  Government  (monographs  on  the  government  of  the 
individual  States);  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Adminis 
trative  Law,  I,  books  ii,  iii;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Modern  Political 
Institutions,  chs.  iii-ix,  xi;  W.  0.  Bateman,  Political  and 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  186-193,  253-265,  283-285;  A. 
Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  I,  ch.  xix;  J. 
•Schouler,  Constitutional  Studies,  203-308. 


182  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  105 

SOURCES.  —  Statute  books,  executive  reports  and  judi 
cial  decrees  of  the  states.  The  legislation  is  annually 
analyzed  in  New  York  State  Library,  Bulletins)  Comparative 
Legislation. 

§  106.  Lectures  on  the  Government  of  the  Commonwealths. 
(Lects.  25-30.) 

LECT.  25.  COLONIAL  GOVERNMENT  AS  A  PRECEDENT:  origin; 
types;  organization;  relations  to  mother  country; 
vestiges. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  17;  Guide,  §§  146, 
147.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  22,  23; 
C.  M.  Andrews,  Colonial  Self  Government  (Am.  Nation,  V); 
E.  B.  Greene,  Provincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI);  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  i-v.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  H.  L.  Osgood,  Am.  Colonies,  II;  J.  Schouler,  Constitu 
tional  Studies,  part  i;  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist., 
chs.  i-iv.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  II,  §§45-74;  Source- 
Book,  §§48-51. 

LECT.  26.     STATES  IN  THE  UNION:  admission;  limitations; 

privileges;  duties;  inter-state  obligations. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  141,  149,  160;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §52;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §177.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  53-58;  F.  J. 
Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xix;. 
W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV), 
ch.  xv;  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII), 
chs.  iii,  iv;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxi;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  xviii,  xix;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  ii,  xxviii,  xxxvi,  xliv-xlvi;  J. 
A.  W  odburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  vii;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Theory 
of  Sovereignty,  chs.  vi,  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  S. 
Boutwell,  Constitution,  chs.  xxix-xxxi,  xliii,  xlv,  xlvi,  xlix, 
Ix;  J.  Ordronaux,  Constitutional  Legislation,  ch.  iii;  W.  W.. 


§  106]  GOVERNMENT  183 

Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch.  x;  L.  J.  Jennings, 
Eighty  Years  of  Republican  Government,  ch.  ii;  G.  H.  Alden, 
Forming  and  Admitting  New  States  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol. 
Sri.,  XVIII,  469-479);  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government, 
chs.  xl-xlii,  xlix.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  145-157. 

LECT.  27.  STATE  LEGISLATURES:  legislation;  choice;  organi 
zation;  procedure;  influences;  output  of  legislation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  207;  Actual  Government,  §  59; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  44.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  60-65;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legis 
latures,  chs.  iv-x;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  c-i.  viii; 
T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  5;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  chs.  xl,  xliv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F.  A. 
Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  J.  Ordronaux, 
Constitutional  Legislation,  ch.  x;  S.  N.  Patten,  Delay  of 
State  and  Local  Governments  (Annals,  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci., 
I,  26-42);  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§417-429.- 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  198;  New  York  State 
Library,  Bulletins. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  9.  —  How  TO  SECURE  GOOD 
STATE  AND  LOCAL  LEGISLATION.  —  Manual,  §  207.] 

LECT.  28.  THE  STATE  GOVERNOR:  choice;  prerogatives; 
powers;  control;  appointments. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §66.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  64,  67;  E.  McClain,  Con- 
stiutional  Law,  §  39;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State, 
§§  430-433;  E.  B.  Greene,  Provincial  Governor;  F.  J.  Good- 
now,  Comparative  Administrative  Law,  I,  74-82;  J.  H. 
Finley,  The  Am.  Executive;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
I,  ch.  xli. 

;   i 

LECT.  29.  STATE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS:  election  or 
appointment;  heads;  boards;  officials;  minor  officials; 
discipline;  control;  defects. 


184  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  106 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  208;  Actual  Government,  §  66. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§68-71; 
P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  ch.  viii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  ch.  xli;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Administra 
tive  Law,  I,  102-106,  134-137,  146-161;  II,  1-100.- 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Centralization  of 
Administration  in  New  York  State;  R.  H.  Whitten,  Public 
Administration  in  Massachusetts;  J.  H.  Finley,  The  Am. 
Executive. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  10.  —  EFFICIENCY  OF  EXECU 
TIVE  BOARDS.  —  Manual,  §  208.] 

LECT.  30.     STATE  JUDICIARY:  bar  and  bench;  courts;  cases; 

non-judicial    duties;    decisions;    relation    to    statutes; 

relation  to  appeals;  lynch  law. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §72.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  73-78;  S.  E.  Baldwin, 
Am.  Judiciary,  chs.  viii,  xi;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  §§434-437;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch. 
xlii;  II,  chs.  ci,  cii;  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government, 
ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on 
Government,  No.  3;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch. 
v;  A.  de  Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America,  I,  chs.  vi,  vii. 

§  107.   Readings  on  Local  and  Municipal  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §§  79,  86,  95. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  x-xii; 
F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Govern 
ment;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xlviii-lii;  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  Iv;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitu 
tional  Limitations,  ch.  viii;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Admin 
istration;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Administrative  Law, 
I,  162-233;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  vii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal 
Home  Rule:  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems;  H.  Von 


§108]    '  GOVERNMENT  185 

Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  98-102;  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Anglo- 
Saxon  Freedom,  ch.  xvii;  G.  E.  Howard,  An  Introduction  to 
the  Local  Constitutional  Hist,  of  the  U.  S.,  I,  62-99,*  135- 
238,  408-470;  J.  F.  Dillon,  Commentaries  on  the  Law  of 
Municipal  Corporations;  D.  B.  Eaton,  Government  of 
Municipalities;  A.  de  Tocqueville,  Democracy  in  America, 
I,  ch.  v;  D.  F.  Wilcox,  Study  of  City  Government;  W.  Wilson, 
The  State,  §§  1209-1259;  A.  R.  Conkling,  City  Government 
in  the  U.  S.;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xvii. 

SOURCES. — Municipal  Affairs;  National  Municipal  League, 
Proceedings. 

§  108.  Lectures  on  Local  and  Municipal  Government.  (Lects. 
31-40.) 

LECT.  31.     (1607-1789)  PRECEDENTS    OF    LOCAL    GOVERN 
MENT:    English;    colonial    types;    Eighteenth   Century; 
Revolutionary;  subordination  of  governments. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  79;  Guide,  §  147. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  80,  87;  F.  J. 
Goodnow,    City   Government,    ch.    iii;   J.    A.    Fairlie,    Local 
Government,  chs.  i-iii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  Nos.  6, 
7;   E.    Channing,    Town  and   County   Government.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL   READINGS:   J.   A.    Fairlie,    Municipal  Administra 
tion,  ch.  v;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  ch.  iii; 
W.  Wilson,  The  State,  §§  1033-1040;  G.  E.  Howard,    Local 
Constitutional    Hist.,     I.  —  SOURCES:     Contemporaries,     II, 
§§  75-79;  Source-Book,  §  52. 

LECT.  32.  TOWN  GOVERNMENT:  New  England  town;  town 
ship;  Western  township;  town  meeting;  functions; 
control. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §79.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  82:  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local 
Government,  chs.  viii,  ix;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
ch.  xlviii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch. 


186  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  108 

x;  A.  B.  Hart,  in  The  Nation,  May  11,  1893;  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  §§  471-475. 

LECT.  33.  COUNTIES:  New  England;  Southern;  Middle 
States;  Western;  county  boards;  control. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  209;  Actual  Government,  §  79. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §83;  J.  A, 
Fairlie,  Local  Government,  chs.  iv-vii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  I,  ch.  xlix;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State, 
§§  476-480.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  E.  Howard,  Local 
Constitutional  Hist. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  11.  —  IMPROVEMENT  OF  COUNTY 
GOVERNMENT.  —  Manual,  §  209.] 

LECT.  34.    MIXED  LOCAL  SYSTEMS:  township-county;  countv- 

precinct;  villages;  boroughs;  school  districts;  control. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Actual    Government,    §  79.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:   Actual  Government,    §  84;   J.   A.   Fairlie,    Local 
Government,  ch.  x;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  Iv. 
-ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  E.  Howard,  Local  Constitu 
tional  Hist. 

LECT.  35.     AMERICAN    CITIES:    sites;    population;    growth; 

race  problems;  mass  problems;  criminal  problems. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  95.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  96-101;  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
City  Government,  chs.  i-iv;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology, 
chs.  viii,  ix;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  8;  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government, 
ch.  x;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§488-492;  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  chs.  ii,  iii;  S.  E.  Baldwin, 
Political  Institutions,  ch.  vi;  B.  S.  Coler,  Municipal  Govern 
ment,  ch.  i;  F.  C.  Howe,  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  chs. 
i-v;  D.  F.  Wilcox,  Am.  City;  G.  E.  Waring  in  N.  S.  Shaler, 
United  States,  II,  ch.  v. 


§  108]  GOVERNMENT  187 

LECT.  36.  MUNICIPAL  LEGISLATIVE  POWER:  charters; 
councils;  boards;  state  legislatures;  output  of  legisla 
tion. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §86. —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§88-90;  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
City  Government,  chs.  v,  vii;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Admin 
istration,  ch.  xvii;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  493, 
494.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  F.  Wilcox,  City  Govern 
ment,  143-179;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  chs.  i, 
ix;  F.  C.  Howe,  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  ch.  xi;  H.  C. 
Black,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xvii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  chs.  1-lii.  —  SOURCES:  National  Municipal  League, 
Municipal  Program;  Chicago  Charter  Convention,  Digest  of 
City  Charters. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  12.  —  IMPROVEMENT  OF  CITY 
CHARTERS.  —  Manual,  §  210. 

LECT.  37.  MUNICIPAL  EXECUTIVE  POWER:  mayors;  heads 
of  departments;  city  boards;  state  boards;  state  super 
vision;  the  police. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  211;  Actual  Government,  §  86; 
Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  19.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  91—93;  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  City  Government,  chs.  viii-xiii;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
Municipal  Administration,  chs.  xviii,  xix;  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  §§495-499;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal 
Problems,  ch.  x. 

LECT.  38.     DEFECTS    OF    CITY    GOVERNMENT:    conditions; 

confusion;  change;  ineptitude;  corruption;   relation  to 

national  politics. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §95.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  100,  101;  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
City  Government,  ch.  xiv;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
chs.  1-lii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  viii; 


188  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  108 

B.  S.  Coler,  Municipal  Government,  ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  F.  C.  Howe,  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  chs. 
vi,  vii;  N.  Matthews,  City  Government  of  Boston;  D.  B. 
Eaton,  Government  of  Municipalities;  L.  Steffens,  Shame 
of  the  Cities. 

LECT.  39.     MUNICIPAL  FRANCHISES:  docks;  pipes;  conduits; 

traction;  railroads;  question  of  municipal  ownership. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  95;  R.  C.  Ringwalt, 
Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  21. —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §  98;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Govern 
ment,  ch.  ii;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §  508;  J.  F. 
Dillon,  Municipal  Corporations,  II,  chs.  xv-xviii;  E.  W. 
Bemis,  Municipal  Monopolies;  C.  Zueblin,  Am.  Municipal 
Progress. 

LECT.  40.  REMEDIES  FOR  MISGOVERNMENT  IN  AMERICAN 
CITIES:  charters;  state  supervision;  separation  from 
state  and  national  politics;  reform  organizations; 
public  spirit. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §§86,  95.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  93;  C.  W.  Eliot, 
Am.  Contributions,  ch.  vii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Govern 
ment,  ch.  xiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration, 
ch.  xx ;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  xi; 
S.  Low,  Problem  of  Municipal  Government.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Home  Rule;  F.  C. 
Howe,  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  ch.  viii;  F.  Parsons, 
City  for  the  People;  N.  Matthews,  City  Government  of  Boston, 
174-185;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§495-499.- 
SOURCES:  Report  of  Tilden  Commission,  in  Municipal 
Affairs,  III,  434-454;  National  Municipal  League,  Muni 
cipal  Program. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  13.  —  RESPONSIBLE  MAYORALTY. 
—  Manual,  §  211.] 


§  110]  GOVERNMENT  189 

§  109.   Readings  on  the  National  Executive. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §  120;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  37,  119,  121,  125,  129,  132. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  xv; 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  chs.  i,  ii;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  vi,  xix-xxiii;  E.  Stanwood,  Hist,  of 
the  Presidency;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am,  Government,  chs. 
xxviii-xxxiii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  v-ix; 
H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics,  ch.  xxii;  A.  Conkling,  Powers  of 
Executive  Department;  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution,  chs. 
xxxii-xxxv,  Ixi;  J.  H.  Finley,  The  Am.  Executive. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science 
and  Comparative  Constitutional  Law,  II,  216-263,  307-319; 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  v;  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
Comparative  Administrative  Law,  I,  53-82,  102-105,  127— 
138,  146-161;  II,  29-46;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  25,  26,  55,  59,  60;  L.  J.  Jennings,  Eighty  Years  of  Repub 
lican  Government,  chs.  iii,  iv;  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power;  J. 
R.  Tucker,  Constitution  of  the  U.  S.,  II,  ch.  xii;  W.  Wilson, 
The  State,  §§  1323-1351. 

SOURCES.  —  B.  Harrison,  This  Country  of  Ours,  chs.  iv- 
xix;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers;  Grover  Cleve 
land,  Presidential  Problems. 

§  110.   Lectures  on  the  National  Executive.     (Lects.  41-45.) 

LECT.  41.     (1789-1907)  HISTORICAL  STATUS  OF  THE  PRESI 
DENCY:  precedents;  Virginian  dynasty;  J.   Q.  Adams; 
Jackson;    Whig-Democratic;    Lincoln;    Grant;    Repub 
lican-Democrat;  Cleveland;  McKinley;  Roosevelt. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,   §  120;  Guide,   §  157; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  119.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §  121;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Ad 
ministration,    chs.    i,    ii;    E.    McClain,    Constitutional    Law, 
§120.  —  ADDITIONAL    READINGS:    J.    A.    Woodburn,    Am. 


190  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  110 

Republic,  ch.  iii;  C.  E.  Stevens,  Sources  of  the  Constitution, 
ch.  vi;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  v-vii;  H.  J. 
Ford,  Am.  Politics,  ch.  xxii;  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Govern 
ment,  No.  2;  E.  Stan  wood,  Hist,  of  Presidency.  —  SOURCES: 
Contemporaries,  III,  §§  79,  106,  162. 

LECT.  42.  CHOICE  OF  THE  PRESIDENT:  nomination;  choice 
of  electors;  by  electors;  by  Congress;  count;  succession. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  120;  Brookings  and 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  12.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §  122;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  §  40;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  viii;  A.  B. 
Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  3;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  §§326-340;  J.  H.  Finley,  The  Am.  Executive.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizen 
ship,  part  ii,  ch.  vii;  J.  H.  Dougherty,  Electoral  System; 
E.  Stan  wood,  Hist,  of  the  Presidency. 

LECT.  43.  THE  CABINET:  precedents;  departments;  meet 
ings;  kitchen  cabinets;  relations  to  President;  relations 
to  Congress. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  212;  Actual  Government,  §  128; 
Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  15,  16.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  129,  130; 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  chs.  iv-xvi;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  ix;  J.  F.  Jameson,  Essays  in 
Constitutional  Hist.,  No.  3;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§  38;  J.  H.  Finley,  The  Am.  Executive.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Government,  No.  1;  W. 
W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch.  viii;  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xv. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  14.  —  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE 
CABINET.  —  Manual,  §  212.] 

LECT.  44.  EXECUTIVE  ORGANIZATION:  civil  service; 
appointments;  removals;  responsibility;  employees; 
administrative  tribunals. 


§  111]  GOVERNMENT  191 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  213;  Actual  Government,  §  128; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  121.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §  134;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National 
Administration,  ch.  xvii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  xx;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  341-345;  J.  H. 
Finley,  The  Am.  Executive.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  R. 
Fish,  Civil  Service  and  Patronage;  L.  M.  Salmon,  Appoint 
ing  Power;  H.  C.  Lodge,  Hist  and  Pol.  Essays,  114-137.  - 
SOURCES:  U.  S.  Civil  Service  Commission,  Reports. 

LECT.  45.  CIVIL  SERVICE  REFORM:  history;  statutes; 
states;  cities;  commissions;  rules;  present  status. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  213;  Actual  Government,  §  128; 
Guide,  §  181;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate, 
No.  17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  133; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  ch.  ii;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  ch. 
xvii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals, 
No.  7;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  4;  C.  R.  Fish, 
Civil  Service  and  Patronage,  chs.  x,  xi.  —  SOURCES:  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  81,  158;  IV,  §  199;  Act  of  1883,  Statutes 
at  Large,  XXII,  403. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  15.  —  NEEDS  OP  CIVIL  SERVICE 
REFORM.  —  Manual,  §  213.] 

§  111.   Readings  on  Congress. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §§102,  110;  E. 
McClain  Constitutional  Law,  §§  99,  116. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  xiii,  xiv; 
P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  chs.  i-iii;  M.  P.  Follett,  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives',  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  chs.  viii-xviii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs. 
x-xxi;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  chs.  iv,  v;  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  xvi-xxv;  G.  S.  Boutwell, 


192  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  111 

Constitution,  eh.  vi;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  chs. 
iii,  iv,  §§  15,  16. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics,  chs. 
xviii-xxi;  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution  of  the  U.  S.,  I,  381-445; 
W.  Wilson,  Congressional  Government;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  20-24,  28-34;  C.  H.  Kerr,  U.  S.  Senate; 
A.  Johnston,  Political  History  (Woodburn  ed.),  I7  ch.  vii; 
W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and  Liberty,  I,  137-167. 

SOURCES.  —  B.  Harrison,  This  Country  of  Ours,  chs.  ii, 
iii;  T.  H.  McKee,  Manual  of  Congressional  Practice;  Con 
gressional  Record;  Senate  Documents  and  House  Documents. 

§  112.   Lectures  on  Congress.     (Lects.  46-53.) 

LECT.  46.     MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS:  qualifications;  choice; 

term;  character;  discipline;  emoluments;  dignity. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §102.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  103,  106;  P.  S.  Reinsch, 
Legislatures,  ch.  i;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  33; 
J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  chs.  iv,  v;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch.  iv;  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitu 
tion,  ch.  vi;  G.  H.  Haynes,  Election  of  Senators. 

LECT.  47.     HOUSES   OF   CONGRESS:    Senate;   treaties;    con 
firmations;  procedure;  House  of  Representatives;  qual 
ity;  continuity;  life  in  Congress;  joint  relations. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Actual   Government,    §  102;    E.    McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §  31;  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public 
Questions,  No.  9.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Govern 
ment,   §§  104,   105;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  chs.  ii,  iii; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  32;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  I,  chs.  x-xiv;  C.  H.  Kerr,   U.  S.  Senate;  J.  A. 
Fairlie,     National    Administration,     ch.     iii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  R.   L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  chs.  xi,  xii; 
H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics,  chs.  xix-xxi. 


§  112]  GOVERNMENT  193 

LECT.  48.     OFFICERS   OF   CONGRESS:    Speaker;   Vice-Presi 
dent;  other  officers. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  102;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §31. —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §  108;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  ch.  ii;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §34;  M.  P.  Follett,  The 
Speaker,  chs.  ii,  iii,  x,  xi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No. 
1;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am,  Federal  State,  §§  269,  285,  286. 

LECT.  49.     COMMITTEE     SYSTEM:     genesis;     organization; 

labors;  reports;  conference;  rules;  steering. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY  Manual,  §214;  Actual  Government,  §  102. 

—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,   §  109;  P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Legislatures,  45-48;  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  ch. 
viii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  chs.  xiv,  xv.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  270, 
284,  287,  288;  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch. 
vii;  W.  Wilson,  Congressional  Government,  chs.  ii,  iii;  L.  G. 
McConachie,   Congressional   Committees;    F.   Snow,    Defence 
of  Congressional  Government  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  IV, 
309-328). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  16.  —  DEFECTS  OF  THE  COM 
MITTEE  SYSTEM.  —  Manual,  §  214.] 

LECT.  50.     INFLUENCES    ON    CONGRESS:    constituents;    the 
executive;  the  press;  private  interest;  public  opinion; 
steering  committee. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  215;  Actual  Government,  §  110. 

—  SECONDARY   READINGS:    Actual   Government,    §  115;    E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  20,  24,  29,  30,  36,  128;  E. 
C.  Mason,  Congressional  Demands  for  Information  (Am.  Hist. 
Assoc.,  Papers,  V,  367). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  17.  —  INFLUENCES  ON  THE 
LEGISLATION  OF  CONGRESS.  —  Manual,  §  215.] 


194  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  112 

LECT.  51.     CONGRESS   AT  WORK:  sessions;   rules;  sittings; 

secrecy;  order;  parliamentary  practice;  obstructions. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  215;  Actual  Government,  §  110; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  44;  Brookings  and  Ring- 
wait,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  32,  33.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  111-113;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legis 
latures,  19,  48-59,  71-78;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  45,  46;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xvi-xix, 
App.,  673-681;  T.  B.  Reed,  How  the  House  does  Business 
(North  Am.  Review,  Vol.  164,  pp.  641-650,  June,  1897).- 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  C.  Lodge,  Hist,  and  Pol.  Essays, 
169-197;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  9;  M.  P.  Follett, 
The  Speaker,  chs.  iv-vi;  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democ 
racy,  ch.  xiii. 

LECT.  52.     PROCEDURE  OF  CONGRESS:  bills;  committee  re 
ports;  debates;  votes;  filibustering. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  215;  Actual  Government,  §  110. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§114,  116, 
117;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  34,  35;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Practical  Essays,  No.  9;  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  chs. 
vii-ix;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  19,  71-78.  —  SOURCES: 
B.  P.  Poore,  Perley's  Reminiscences;  J.  H.  McKee,  Red 
Book;  Senate  Rules;  House  Rules. 

LECT.  53.     LEGISLATIVE  OUTPUT  OF  CONGRESS:  selection; 

amount;  relation  to  executive;  the  veto. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  215;  Actual  Government,  §  110. 

—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§118,  119; 

E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  126,  127;  J.  Bryce,  Am. 

Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xv,  xx,  xxi;  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power. 

§  113.   Readings  on  the  National  Judiciary. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§144,  161,  216,  217;  Actual 
Government,  §  135;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  42; 
Guide,  §§  157,  175,202. 


$  114]  GOVERNMENT  195 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  xvii;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  vii,  xxiv-xxix;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xxii-xxiv;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am. 
Judiciary;  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution,  chs.  xv,  xxxvi-xlii; 
J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  xxvi;  B.  A.  Hinsdale, 
Am.  Government,  chs.  xxxiv-xxxix. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science, 
II,  320-337;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  The  Supreme  Court;  H.  L. 
Carson,  The  Supreme  Court;  H.  Flanders,  Lives  of  the  Chief 
Justices;  G.  Van  Stanvoord,  Life  and  Times  of  the  Chief 
Justices;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  17-19,  43-46, 
61-71;  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  chs.  xiii-xvi;  J. 
B.  Thayer,  John  Marshall;  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution  of  the 
U.  S.,  I,  chs.  xiii;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  vi. 

SOURCES.  —  B.  Harrison,  This  Country  of  Ours,  chs.  xx, 
xxi;  Reports  of  judicial  decisions;  (see  Manual,  §  18). 

§  114.   Lectures  on  the  National  Judiciary.     (Lects.  64-67.) 
LECT.  54.     FEDERAL    JUDICIAL    ORGANIZATION:    choice    of 
judges;  emoluments;  courts;  court  officers;  prosecuting 
attorney;  sessions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  135;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §42.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §  136;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am.  Judiciary,  chs.  i, 
ii,  ix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  43,  138,  142,  143; 
J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  vi;  J.  A. 
Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch.  v;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am. 
Federal  State,  ch.  xvi;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship, 
part  ii,  ch.  ix;  J.  F.  Jameson,  Essays  in  Constitutional  Hist., 
No.  1.  —  SOURCES:  Attorneys  General,  Reports. 
LECT.  55.  FEDERAL  JUDICIAL  FUNCTIONS:  special  duties; 
cases;  writs;  special  jurisdictions;  amount  of  business. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  216;  Actual  Government,  §  135; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  144.  —  SECONDARY  READ- 


196  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  114 

INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  137,  138,  140-142;  E.  McClain,, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xxvi-xxviii;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am~ 
Judiciary,  chs.  xviii-xxi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W.. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  v;  J.  Bryce,  Am, 
Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxiv;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  vi. 

LECT.  56.     POLITICAL  FUNCTIONS  OF  THE  FEDERAL  COURTS: 

personal    influences;    impeachments;    relation    to    the 

states;  constitutional  law;  administrative  jurisdiction. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Manual,    §§  143,    144,    161,   216;   Actual 

Government,   §135;  Guide,   §175.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 

Actual  Government,   §§  139,  143,   144;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am. 

Judiciary,   chs.  iii,  vi,  x;  E.   McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 

§§  168-171;   J.    Bryce,   Am.    Commonwealth,    I,    chs.    xxiii, 

xxiv;   W.   W.   Willoughby,   Constitutional  System,   chs.   vi- 

viii;  R.  Foster,  Constitutional  Law. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  18.  —  ADMINISTRATIVE  DECI 
SIONS.  —  Manual,  §  216.] 

LECT.  57.  DECLARING  STATUTES  VOID:  genesis;  principles; 
instances;  national  courts  on  state  laws;  state  courts  on 
national  laws;  national  courts  on  national  laws. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  143,  144,  161,  217;  Actual 
Government,  §  135.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  145;  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am. 
Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xviii;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am.  Judiciary. 
ch.  vii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  170,  171;  J. 
Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limtiations,  ch.  vii; 
B.  Coxe,  Judicial  Power  and  Unconstitutional  Legislation. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  19.  —  PRINCIPLES  OF  DECLAR 
ING  ACTS  VOID.  —  Manual,  §  217.] 

§  115.   Readings  on  Territorial  Functions  in  the  United  States. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,   §§146,   155,   160. — 


§  116]  GOVERNMENT  197 

SECONDARY   READINGS:   Actual   Government,    chs.    xviii-xx; 

A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  ii; 
J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  eh.  vi;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv;  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Terri 
tories  and  Dependencies;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  42-67; 

B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  xxv,  xli;  G.  S.  Bout- 
well,  Constitution,  chs.  xix,  xlvii,  xlviii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy 
and  Empire,  chs.  i,  xvii,  xviii;  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power, 
§§  45-51;  J.  Strong,  Expansion  under  New  World  Condi 
tions;  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia  of  Political  Science,  Articles  on 
Annexation,  Capital  (National),  Ordinance  of  1787,  Popu 
lar  Sovereignty,  Territorial  Waters,  Territories. 

MAPS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Epoch  Maps;  T.  MacCoun,  'Histori 
cal  Atlas;  Maps  in  Am.  Nation,  A  History,  passim. 

§  116.  Lectures  on  Territorial  Functions  in  the  United  States. 
(Lects.  58-62.) 

LECT.  58.  ACQUIREMENT  OF  TERRITORY:  private  land; 
colonial  lands;  state  cessions;  annexations;  status  of 
occupied  territory;  previous  land  grants. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  194;  Actual  Government,  §  146; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  148;  Guide  §§  150,  168, 
193,  194.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  ch. 
xviii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vi;  W.  MacDonald, 
Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  ch.  i;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  ch.  xi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  F. 
Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies,  ch.  i;  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  ii;  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  vi;  T.  Roosevelt,  Winning 
of  the  West,  VI,  chs.  iv,  v.  —  SOURCES:  Treaties  in  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  see  Manual,  §§  43,  44,  52-54. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  20a.  —  STATUS  OF  TERRITORY 
CONQUERED  BUT  NOT  CEDED.  —  Manual,  §  218.] 


198  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  116 

LECT.  59.  BOUNDARIES:  external;  controversies;  adjust 
ments;  water  boundaries;  internal  divisions;  settlement 
of  controversies. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  218;  Actual  Government,  §  155. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  ch.  xix;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  180;  H.  Gannett,  Boundaries 
of  the  U.  S.  and  of  the  Several  States;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Bound 
ing  the  Original  U.  S.;  F.  J.  Turner,  Western  State  Making 
(Am.  Hist.  Review,  I,  70,  251);  G.  H.  Alden,  New  Govern 
ments  West  of  the  Alleghenies.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries f 
III,  §§  111,  112,  115;  Maps  in  A.  B.  Hart,  Epoch  Maps  and 
Am.  Nation. 

LECT.  60.  STATUS  OF  TERRITORIES:  conquests;  unorgan 
ized;  temporarily  organized;  fully  organized;  unusual 
forms;  dependencies;  protectorates. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  173,  178,  185,  194,  218,  219; 
Actual  Government,  §160;  Guide,  §§150,  168,  194;  R.  C. 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  10.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  161,  166-170;  E.  McClainr 
Constitutional  Law,  §  186;  W.  F:  Willoughby,  Territories 
and  Dependencies,  chs.  ii-ix;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
I,  ch.  xlvii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Founda 
tions,  ch.  v;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs. 
xiii,  xiv;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am.  Judiciary,  ch.  xxi;  M.  Farrand, 
Legislation  for  the  Government  of  Territories;  G.  C.  Lewis, 
Government  of  Dependencies  (Lucas'  ed.),  Introduction. — 
SOURCES:  Am.  Hist  Leaflets,  Nos.  22,  32. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  20b.  —  STATUS  OF  TERRITORY 
CEDED  BUT  NOT  ORGANIZED.  —  Manual,  §  219.] 

LECT.  61.     NATIONAL    PUBLIC    DOMAIN:    seat    of    govern 
ment;   public   lands;   parks;   forests;   military   reserva 
tions;  sites;  public  works;  public  buildings;  irrigation. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  160;  Brookings  and 

Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No,  55.  —  SECONDARY  READ- 


§  H7]  GOVERNMENT  199 

INGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  152,  153,  162-164;  W.  F. 
Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies,  ch.  x;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §  106;  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays, 
No.  10.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  S.  Sato,  History  of  the 
Land  Question;  J.  B.  Varnum,  Seat  of  Government;  G.  W. 
Knight,  Land  Grants  for  Education  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc., 
Papers,  I,  79-294);  J.  C.  Welling,  States' -Rights  Conflict 
(Ibid,  III,  411-432).  —  SOURCES:  Commissioner  of  Public 
Lands,  Reports;  J.  Donaldson,  Public  Domain. 

LECT.  62.  STATE  AND  LOCAL  PUBLIC  DOMAIN:  eminent 
domain;  roads  and  streets;  forests;  public  buildings; 
school  lands;  parks;  sites. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  146;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §60.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §§  150,  151;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  xi;  J.  Lewis,  Treatise  on  the  Law  of  Eminent  Domain; 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xv.  —  SOURCES: 
Current  Reports  of  local  park  commissioners. 

§  117.   Readings  on  Financial  Functions  in  the  United  States. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  138,  148,  220,  221;  Actual 
Government,  §§  171,  180;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§68,  80;  Guide,  §§151,  158,  174,  182-185,  195,  211. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  xxi, 
xxii;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
xv ;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist,  of  the  U.  S.;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xii,  xiii;  H.  White,  Money  and 
Banking;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xvii,  xliii; 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  iv,  §  1;  W.  M.  Daniels, 
Public  Finance;  C.  J.  Bullock,  Monetary  Hist,  of  U.  S.; 
H.  C.  Adams,  Science  of  Finance;  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitu 
tion,  chs.  vii,  viii,  xxiv,  xxv,  xxix,  xxxi. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  R.  T.  Ely,  Taxation  in  Am. 
States  and  Cities;  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  lects. 
15-17;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§35-37,  96; 


200  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  117 

E.  C.  Mason;  Veto  Power,  §§  18-20,  35,  52-81;  J.  W.  Kear 
ney,  Am.  Finances;  A.  D.  Noyes,  Thirty  Years  of  Am. 
Finance;  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  I,  455-518. 

SOURCES.  —  Current  Reports  of  the  Secretary  of  Treasury, 
state  treasurers,  etc. 

§  118.  Lectures  on  Financial  Functions  in  the  United  States. 
(Lects.  63-68.) 

LECT.  63.  SOURCES  OF  STATE  AND  LOCAL  REVENUE:  land; 
poll;  personal;  income;  succession;  license;  corporation; 
excise;  fees. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  171;  R.  C.  Ring- 
wait,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  23;  Brookings  and 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  45,  46.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  172-174;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  Hist.,  §§45-47;  E,  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  69-75;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §  587;  E.  R.  A. 
Seligman,  Essays  in  Taxation.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
W.  H.  Jones,  Federal  Taxes  and  State  Expenses;  T.  K. 
Urdahl,  Fee  System  in  the  U.  S.;  M.  West,  Inheritance  Tax; 
R.  T.  Ely,  Taxation  in  Am.  States  and  Cities;  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xiv.  —  SOURCES:  Current 
Reports  of  Financial  affairs  of  States  and  cities;  U.  S.} 
twelfth  census;  U.  S.  Statistical  Abstract. 

LECT.  64.     APPORTIONMENT     OF     TAXES:     administration; 

assessment;  levy;  collection;  delinquencies;  overlay. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  220;  Actual  Government,  §  171. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §175;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  76;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Eco 
nomics,  §  115;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  588-592; 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Law  of  Taxation.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Essays  in  Taxation;  V.  Rosewater, 
Special  Assessments;  F.  Walker,  Double  Taxation;  J.  F. 
Dillon,  Municipal  Corporations,  II,  ch.  xix;  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xiv. 


§  118]  GOVERNMENT  201 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  21.  —  DIFFICULTIES  IN  ASSES 
SING  PERSONAL  TAXES.  —  Manual,  §  220.] 

LECT.  65.  FEDERAL  TARIFF:  framing;  rates;  values;  penal 
ties;  officers;  administration;  defects. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §221;  Actual  Government,  §  171; 
Guide,  §§  158,  174,  183;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics, 
§  199;  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  Nos.  12- 
14;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  37-44. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§176,  177; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xvii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation, 
XXIV),  chs.  iv,  xi;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxx; 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  77;  F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff 
Hist.;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  chs.  viii,  xix-xxi.  - 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  0.  L.  Elliott,  Tariff  Controversy; 
J.  D.  Goss,  Tariff  Administration;  W.  Hill,  First  Stages  of 
the  Tariff  Policy;  M.  E.  Kelley,  Tariff  Acts  under  the  Con 
federation  (Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics,  II,  473-^181).— 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  49,  50,  78,  130;  IV,  §§  164, 
166;  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large;  Reports  of  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  22.  —  DIFFICULTIES  OF  TARIFF 
ADMINISTRATION.  —  Manual,  §  221.] 

LECT.  66.  OTHER  FEDERAL  TAXES:  direct;  excise;  other 
internal  revenue;  banks;  income;  succession;  adminis 
tration. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §171.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  178;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman, 
Essays  in  Taxation;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  78, 
79;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§581-585;  F.  C. 
Howe,  Taxation  in  the  U.  S.  under  the  Internal  Revenue 
System. — ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  F.  Dunbar,  Direct 
Tax,  Income  Tax  (Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics,  III,  436- 
461;  IX,  26-46);  J.  A.  Hill,  Civil  War  Income  Tax  (Ibid., 


202  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  118- 

VIII,  416-452,  491-498);  F.  L.  Olmsted,  Tobacco  Taxr 
(Ibid.,  V,  193-219,  262);  C.  J.  Bullock,  Direct  Taxes  under 
the  Constitution  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XV,  217-239,  452-481); 
H.  C.  Barnard,  Oleomargarine  Law  (Ibid,  II,  545). 

LECT.  67.  BUDGETS:  estimates;  appropriations;  expendi 
tures;  checks;  deficits;  public  accounts;  custody  of 
balances. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §180.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  181-183;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§81,  82;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  §  577;  C.  J.  Bullock,  Finances  of  the  U.  S.,  part  ii, 
chs.  ii,  iii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Administrative  Law, 
II,  275-295;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  chs. 
xiii,  xv,  xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  Kinley,  Inde 
pendent  Treasury;  H.  C.  Adams,  Science  of  Finance,  part  ir 
book  ii;  H.  Hollander,  Studies  in  State  Taxation  (Johns 
Hopkins  University  Studies,  XVIII,  Nos.  1-4);  R.  Ogden, 
Rationale  of  Congressional  Extravagance  (Yale  Review,  VI, 
37-49):  E.  I.  Renick  and  N.  H.  Thompson,  National  Ex 
penditures  (Pol,  Sci.  Quarterly,  VI,  248;  VII,  468). 

LECT.  68.     PUBLIC    DEBTS:    state;    local;    national;   bonds; 

floating  debt;  sinking  funds;  debt  limits. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §180.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  184-186;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  Hist.,  ch.  xiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Adminis 
tration,  ch.  xiv;  H.  C.  Adams,  Public  Debts;  W.  A.  Scott, 
Repudiation  of  State  Debts. 

§  119.   Readings  on  Commercial  Functions  in  the  United  States. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§138,  143,  161,  169,  172, 
179,  180,  181,  185,  224,  225;  Actual  Government,  §§207, 
218;  Guide,  §§  133,  153,  158,  170,  171,  195;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  83,  94. 


§  120]  GOVERNMENT  203 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  xxvi, 
xxvii;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
chs.  xiii,  xvi;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xiv,  xv; 
G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution,  chs.  ix,  xi-xiv,  xxi,  xxvi, 
xxviii;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  iv,  §§2,  4-10; 
J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  lects.  21-23. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  C.  A.  Conant,  U.  S.  in  the 
Orient;  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§38-42,  79; 
A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  ch.  xvii;  W. 

D.  Lewis,  Federal  Power  over  Commerce;  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclo 
paedia  of  Pol.  Science,  articles  on  Corporations   (Law  of)r 
Embargo   (U.   S.),   Emigration   and  Immigration,   Internal 
Improvements. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Census,  decennial  publications  and 
Bulletins;  Industrial  Commission  on  Transportation,  Report. 

§  120.  Lectures  on  Commercial  Functions.     (Lects.  69-78.) 
LECT.  69.     COMMERCIAL    ORGANIZATION:    individuals;    co 
operation;  firms;  corporations;  trusts;  syndicates;  inter 
national  agencies;  Wall  street;  doctrine  of  contracts; 
bankruptcy;  commercial  honor. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  222;  Actual  Government,  §  207; 

E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,   §  94;  C.  D.  Wright,  Prac 
tical   Sociology,    §  213;   R.    C.   Ringwalt,    Briefs   on   Public 
Questions,    No.    16;    Brookings    and    Ringwalt,    Briefs    for 
Debate,    passim.  —  SECONDARY    READINGS:    Actual    Govern 
ment,   §§208,  209,  212;   A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xiii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems 
(Am.   Nation,   XXIV),    ch.   xii;   J.    Bryce,   Am.    Common 
wealth,  II,  ch.  civ;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  vii.  - 
ADDITIONAL   READINGS:    E.    McClain,    Constitutional    Law, 
ch.  xv;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xxiv;  W.  J. 
Ashley,    Economic   Surveys,    378-393;   R.    L.    Ashley,   Am. 
Federal  State,   §§615-618;  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and 
Empire,    ch.   vii;   H.   C.   Emery,   Speculation  on  the  Stock 


204  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  120 

and  Produce  Exchanges;  J.  B.  Clark,  Control  of  Trusts;  C.  F. 
Adams  in  N.  S.  Shaler,  United  States,  II,  ch.  iv;  J.  W.  Jenks, 
Trust  Problem;  H.  D.  Lloyd,  Wealth  against  Common 
wealth;  W.  M.  Collier,  The  Trusts;  G.  K.  Holmes,  State 
Control  of  Corporations  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  V,  411).— 
SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  162-167. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  23.  —  FEDERAL  CONTROL  OF 
CORPORATIONS.  —  Manual,  §  222.] 

LECT.  70.  CIRCULATING  MEDIA:  coinage;  small  change; 
paper  currency;  legal  tenders;  commercial  paper;  bank 
deposits;  securities. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  207;  E.  R.  A.  Selig- 
man,  Economics,  §  186;  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public 
Questions,  No.  17;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for 
Debate,  Nos.  34,  35.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §§213,  214;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics, 
ch.  xxviii;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  chs.  xv,  xvii,  xx; 
R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xxvi;  C.  J.  Bullock, 
Monetary  History,  79-124.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W. 
G.  Sumner,  Am.  Currency;  J.  J.  Knox,  U.  S.  Notes;  H. 
White,  Money  and  Banking;  D.  K.  Watson,  Hist,  of  Am. 
Coinage.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§168-172;  Sec 
retary  of  Treasury  current  Reports;  Register  of  Treasury, 
current  Reports. 

LECT.  71.     BANKS:  private;  state  chartered;  savings  banks; 

state  owned;  national;   cooperative;  trust   companies; 

syndicates;  international  relations;  deposits;  discounts; 

loans  on  collateral;  circulating  notes;  clearing  house. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  138;  Actual  Government,  §  207; 
Guide,  §  159;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate, 
No.  36.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  210; 
E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  196;  D.  R.  Dewey, 
Financial  Hist.,  §§  163-165,  174,  175;  H.  White,  Money 
and  Banking;  J.  J.  Knox,  History  of  Banking.  —  ADDI- 


§  120]  GOVERNMENT  205 

TIONAL  READINGS:  C.  A.  Conant,  Hist,  of  Modern  Banks  of 
Issue,  chs.  xiii-xv;  W.  G.  Sumner,  Hist,  of  Banking  in 
U.  S.;  F.  A.  Walker,  Political  Economy  (3d  ed.),  433-462; 
C.  F.  Dunbar,  National  Banking  System  (Quarterly  Journal 
of  Economics,  XII,  1-26).  -—SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III, 
§  132;  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  current  Reports. 

LECT.  72.  LAND  TRANSPORTATION:  roads;  railroads;  state 
owned  railroads;  intramural;  express;  state  regulation; 
state  commissions;  Interstate  Commerce  Commission; 
interstate  products. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §218;  Guide,  §§  174, 
175;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  206;  R.  C.  Ringwalt, 
Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  19;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt, 
Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  47,  52.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,  §§219,  225;  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xvi;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Na- 
tional  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vi;  E.  R.  John 
son,  Am.  Railway  Transportation,  chs.  xxv-xxix;  E.  R.  A. 
Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§87-91;  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  §§611-614;  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy 
and  Empire,  ch.  viii;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  ch. 
ciii;  F.  H.  Dixon,  State  Railroad  Control;  B.  H.  Meyer, 
Railway  Legislation  in  U.  S.;  F.  Parsons,  Railways,  Trusts 
and  People;  H.  S.  Haines,  Restrictive  Railway  Legislation; 
E.  W.  Bemis,  Municipal  Monopolies,  ch.  vii.  A.  B.  Hulbert, 
Historic  Highways.  —  SOURCES:  Interstate  Commerce  Com 
mission,  Reports;  Industrial  Commission,  Report,  IV,  1—32; 
IX;  Poor's  Railroad  Manual  (annual). 

LECT.  73.     WATER     TRANSPORTATION:      harbors;      rivers; 

canals;  external  navigation;  government  regulation. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  223;  Actual  Government,  §  218. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  223;  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xvi;  E.  E. 


206  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  120 

Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch. 
xiii;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation, 
XXV),  ch.  xii;  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal. 
—  SOURCES:  Am.  History  Leaflets,  No.  34;  Commissioner  of 
Navigation,  current  Reports. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  24.  —  PUBLIC  CANALS.  —  Man 
ual,  §  223.] 

LECT.  74.  PUBLIC  ENCOURAGEMENT  OF  TRANSPORTATION: 
subscriptions;  internal  improvements;  contracts;  boun 
ties;  subsidies;  public  ownership. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  224;  Actual  Government,  §  218; 
Guide,  §§  167,  174,  179,  185,  195;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Eco 
nomics,  §  220;  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions, 
No.  15;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  40, 
41.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§224, 
226;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxxiii;  E.  R.  John 
son,  Am.  Railway  Transportation,  ch.  xxii;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Practical  Essays,  No.  10.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  D. 
J.  Kelley,  Question  of  Ships;  J.  S.  Young,  Cumberland  Road. 
—  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  131,  165-168;  Chief  of 
Engineers,  Current  Reports. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  25.  —  CITY  OWNERSHIP  OF 
TRACTION  LINES.  —  Manual,  §  224.] 

LECT.  75.     TRANSMISSION    OF    INTELLIGENCE:    post    office; 

telegraph;   wireless  telegraph;  telephone;   press  news; 

stock  tickers;  international  relations. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  218;  R.  C.  Ringwalt, 
Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  20.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,  §  220;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§104;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  ch.  xii. — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F.  Parsons,  The  Telegraph  Monop 
oly;  E.  B.  Vedder,  Government  Telegraph.  —  SOURCES: 
Postmaster  General,  Current  Reports;  Industrial  Commis 
sion,  Report. 


I  120]  GOVERNMENT  207 

LECT.  76.  MOVEMENT  OF  PERSONS:  inspection;  accomo- 
dations;  races;  race  discriminations;  diseased  persons; 
immigration;  restrictions;  exclusions;  problems. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  119;  Actual  Government,  §  194; 
R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  Nos.  5,  6; 
Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  26-28.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  196;  E.  E. 
Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch. 
xiv;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation, 
XXV),  ch.  xvii;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  69;  C.  D. 
Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  vii;  H.  G.  Wells,  Future  in 
America,  ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  R.  Mayo-Smith, 
Emigration  and  Immigration;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration; 
J.  R.  Commons,  Races  and  Immigrants.  —  SOURCES:  Com 
missioner  of  Immigration,  Reports;  Industrial  Commission, 
Report,  No.  15. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  26.  —  LIMITATION  OF  IMMI 
GRATION.  —  Manual,  §  225.] 

LECT.  77.  CONVENIENCES  OF  COMMERCE:  patents;  copy 
rights;  weights  and  measures;  bills  of  lading;  regula 
tion  of  occupations;  state  industries. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  207;  Brookings  and 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  60—64.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§211,  213;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  102,  103;  J.  Story,  Commentaries, 
§§1105-1115,  1122,  1151-1155.  — ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
S.  W.  Dunscomb,  Bankruptcy.  —  SOURCES:  Commissioner 
of  Patents,  current  Reports. 

LECT.  78.  REGULATION  OF  LABOR:  holidays;  dangerous 
callings;  hours;  payment  of  wages;  rate  of  wages; 
women's  labor;  child  labor;  organizations;  strikes; 
sympathetic  strikes;  boycotts. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  207;  E.  R.  A.  Selig 
man,  Economics,  §  180;  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public 


208  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  120 

Questions,  No.  24;  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for 
Debate,  Nos.  57-65.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §§215,  216;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems 
(Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  iii;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics, 
ch.  xxvii;  F.  J.  Stimson,  Handbook  to  Labor  Law;  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§619-621;  C.  D.  Wright, 
Practical  Sociology,  chs.  xiii-xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
C.  D.  Wright,  Industrial  Evolution;  C.  B.  Spahr,  America's 
Working  People;  W.  F.  Willoughby,  State  Activities  in 
Relation  to  Labor  (Johns  Hopkins  University  Studies,  XIX, 
Nos.  4,  5).  —  SOURCES:  Current  Reports  of  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce. 

§  121.   Readings  on   Foreign  and  Military  Functions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§21,  64,  175,  181,  184,  192r 
195,  196;  Actual  Government,  §§  188,  194,  199;  Guide,  §§  153, 
162,  168-173;  178,  189,  192-194,  212. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  xxiii- 
xxv ;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI) r 
chs.  xvii,  xviii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xvii, 
xxii,  xxiii;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  viii;  J.  B.  Moore, 
Am.  Diplomacy. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution, 
chs.  xvi-xviii,  xxx,  xxxiv;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am. 
Diplomacy;  E.  Schuyler,  Am.  Diplomacy;  H.  Von  Hoist, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§47-50,  56-58;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Consti 
tutional  Law,  ch.  iv,  §  12;  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia  of  Pol. 
Sci  nee,  articles  on  Army,  Drafts,  Military  Commissions, 
Navy,  Treaties  (Fishery),  Treaties  (U.  S.). 

SOURCES.  —  Current  Reports  of  the  Secretary  of  State, 
Secretary  of  War,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

§  122.  Lectures  on  Foreign  and  Military  Functions.  (Lects. 
79-85.) 

LECT.  79.     AMERICAN   FOREIGN   POLICY:   principles;   isola 
tion;  annexation;  peace;  America;  Asia;  Africa;  Europe. 


§  122]  GOVERNMENT  209 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  175,  195,  196;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §188.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§  189;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  xvii;  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power  (Am. 
Nation,  XXV),  ch.  vi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B. 
Hart,  Foundations;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs. 
xciv,  cxii;  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy;  J.  W.  Foster,  Cen 
tury  of  Am.  Diplomacy;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am.  Diplomacy  in 
the  Orient.  —  SOURCES:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§173-179, 
192-196;  current  Reports  of  Secretary  of  State. 

LECT.  80.  DIPLOMATIC  REPRESENTATIVES:  appointment; 
ministers;  consuls;  correspondence;  instructions;  privi 
leges;  extraterritoriality;  negotiations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  64;  Actual  Government,  §  188. — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  W.  Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy, 
chs.  i-xi;  Actual  Government,  §§  190,  191;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  ch.  vi;  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  ch. 
xvi.  —  SOURCES:  Current  Reports  of  the  Secretary  of  State; 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  IV,  §§  623-695. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  27.  —  STATUS  OP  CONSULS.  — 
Manual,  §  226.] 

LECT.  81.     TREATY  POWER:  negotiation;  consideration  by 

Senate;  ratification;  relation  to  statutes;  execution. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  184,  226;  Actual  Government, 
§  188;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  132.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Qovernment,  §  192;  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  ch.  xxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  W. 
Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy,  chs.  xii-xviii;  F.  Wharton, 
Commentaries,  §§  155-161,  383,  505,  506.  —  SOURCES:  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  V,  §§734-780;  text  of  treaties  in  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions. 

LECT.  82.  ARMY  IN  TIME  OF  PEACE:  militia;  regulars; 
officers;  recruiting;  pay;  discipline;  use;  posts;  fortifi 
cations. 


210  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  122 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §199.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§201,  203,  204;  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  National  Administration,  ch.  ix;  L.  D.  Ingersoll, 
War  Department.  —  SOURCES  :  Current  Reports  of  the 
Secretary  of  War. 

LECT.  83.  THE  NAVY  IN  TIME  OF  PEACE:  education  of 
officers;  sailors;  recruiting;  construction;  pay;  discipline; 
employment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  199.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§202,  203;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  ch.  x;  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals, 
No.  12.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  E.  S.  Maclay,  U.  S. 
Navy;  J.  D.  Long,  New  U.  S.  Navy.  —  SOURCES:  Current 
Reports  of  the  Secretary  of  Navy. 

LECT.  84.     WAR:    declaring   war;    carrying   on   war;    com 
mand;  military  law;  conquests;  social  effects. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Actual   Government,    §  199;    E.    McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,    §§108,   129.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,   §  205;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
chs.   xvii,   xxii;  J.   K.   Hosmer,   Outcome  of  the  Civil  War 
(Am.  Nation,  XXI),  ch.  i;  W.  A.  Dunning,  Essays  on  the 
Civil  War  and  Reconstruction,  1-62.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  W.  Whiting,  War  Powers  under  the  Constitution. 

LECT.  85.  PENSIONS:  military;  naval;  police  and  firemen; 
teachers;  proposed  civil;  amount.  * 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  227;  Actual  Government,  §  199. 
—  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  206;  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  National  Administration,  205-208;  W.  H.  Glasson, 
Military  Pension  Legislation;  E.  H.  Hall,  Indignity  to  our 
Citizen  Soldiers. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  28.  —  THE  PENSION  SYSTEM.  — 
Manual,  §  227.] 


§  124]  GOVERNMENT  211 

§  123.   Readings  on  General  Welfare  and  Police  Powers. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  138,  161,  228,  229;  Actual 
Government,  §§  230,  239,  244;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Soci 
ology,  pp.  ix-xvi;  Boston  Public  Library,  List  of  Books  on 
Public  Reform. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  xxviii- 
xxx;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XX;VI),  ch. 
vii,  xix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  ix;  C.  D. 
Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  chs.  xii-xxiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
Municipal  Administration,  chs.  viii-xii;  G.  S.  Boutwell, 
Constitution,  ch.  xx;  C.  Zueblin,  Am.  Municipal  Progress. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  D.  F.  Wilcox,  City  Government, 
24-72,  93-101;  M.  R.  Maltbie,  Municipal  Functions  (Muni 
cipal  Affairs,  II,  581-787);  J.  H.  Crooker,  Problems  in 
Am.  Society;  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia  of  Pol.  Science,  articles 
on  Insurrection,  Mormons,  Police  Power  of  a  State,  Pro 
hibition. 

§  124.  Lectures  on  General  Welfare  and  Police  Powers. 
(Lects.  86-90.) 

LECT.  86.     EDUCATION:  public  and  private;  primary;  sec 
ondary;  college;  university;  technical;  professional. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  228;  Actual  government,  §  230; 
Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  53,  68.  — 
SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  ch.  xxviii;  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xii;  C.  D. 
Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xi;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  II,  chs.  cv,  ex,  cxi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  Ivi;  J.  H.  Crooker,  Problems  in 
Am.  Society,  ch.  v;  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and  Empire, 
chs.  xiii,  xiv;  P.  H.  Hanus,  Educational  Aims.  —  SOURCES: 
C.  W.  Eliot,  Educational  Reform;  A.  B.  Hart,  Studies  in 
Am.  Education;  Commissioner  of  Education,  current  Reports; 
National  Educational  Association,  Reports. 


212  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  124 

LECT.  87.  PUBLIC  HEALTH  AND  MORALS:  practice  of 
medicine;  quarantine;  boards  of  health;  hospitals; 
tenement  houses;  police  regulations;  liquor  question. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §§239,  244;  Brook- 
ings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  51,  52.  —  SEC 
ONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  243,  248;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  ix;  W.  H.  Allen,  National 
Board  of  Health  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol  Sri.,  XV,  51-68); 
C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  A.  G.  Warner,  American  Charities;  F.  H.  Wines 
and  J.  Koren,  Liquor  Problem  in  its  Legislative  Aspects; 
J.  Koren,  Economic  Aspects  of  the  Liquor  Problem. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  29.  —  REGULATION  OF  THE 
LIQUOR  TRAFFIC.  —  Manual,  §  228.] 

LECT.  88.     CRIME    AND    PUNISHMENT:    police;    detectives; 

criminal  process;  punishments;  prisons;  ex-convicts. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Actual  Government    §244.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:   Actual  Government,    §§245-247,   249,   250;   E. 
McClain,    Constitutional    Law,    ch.    x;    T.    Roosevelt,    Am. 
Ideals,  No.  8;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xxii. — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  F.  H.  Wines,  Punishment  and  Refor 
mation;  S.  E.  Sparling,  State  Boards  of  Control  (Annals  Am. 
Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVII,  74-91). 

LECT.  89.     PUBLIC  CHARITY  AND  CORRECTIONS:  poor  relief; 

the  defective;  reform  institutions;  tenements;  children; 

unemployed. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Actual  Government,  §  244;  C.  D.  Wright, 
Practical  Sociology,  §  167.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual 
Government,  §  246;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch. 
xiii;  J.  A.  Riis,  Children  of  the  Poor;  A.  G.  Warner,  American 
Charities;  J.  H.  Crooker,  Problems  in  Am.  Society,  ch.  ii.  — 
SOURCES:  National  Conference  of  Associated  Charities  and 
Correction,  annual  Proceedings. 


§I26J  GOVERNMENT  213 

LECT.  90.     PUBLIC     ORDER:    obedience;    resistance;     riot; 

insurrection;    rebellion;    court    officers;    posse;    police; 

militia;  troops. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  229;  Actual  Government,  §  244; 
R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  25;  Brook- 
ings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  75.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§251-253;  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xviii;  F.  J.  Good- 
now,  Comparative  Administrative  Law,  II,  119-129.— 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law, 

I,  ch.  xli;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  chs.  xxi,  xxii. 
[CLASS-ROOM    PAPER    No.    30.  —  INJUNCTIONS    AGAINST 

RIOTERS.  —  Manual,  §  229.] 

§  125.   Thirty  Lectures  on  American  Government  (Course  F). 

This  brief  course  in  American  Government  is  intended 
to  include  the  essential  subjects  treated  in  greater  detail 
in  Course  E.  Provision  is  made  for  six  Class-room  Papers, 
selected  from  the  list  of  thirty  subjects  in  Course  E  (Manual, 
§§  198-229). 

§  126.   Readings  on  Political  Ideals  and  Organizations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  97;  Actual  Government,  §  1. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  i;  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  ii,  v-ix, 
xv ;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii; 
F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  ch.  iv;  A.  Shaw, 
Political  Problems,  ch.  i. 

ADDITIONAL   READINGS:    J.    Bryce,    Am.    Commonwealth, 

II,  parts  iv-vi;  C.  W.  Eliot,  Am.  Contributions,  chs.  i-vi; 
E.   L.   Godkin,   Problems  of  Democracy,   Nos.   1,   2,   7,   10; 
J.  K.  Hosmer,  Anglo-Saxon  Freedom;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Am. 
Political  Theories;  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government. 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §§45-101; 
Source-Book,  §§  25-35,  41-52. 


214  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  127 

§  127.     Lectures     on     Political     Ideals     and     Organization. 

(Lects.  1-8.) 

LECT.  1.     METHODS  AND  MATERIALS:  text-books;  lectures; 
class-room  papers;  library  reports;  examinations;  cer 
tificates;  compilations;  secondary  books;  sources;  prac 
tice  in  using. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§. 

LECT.  2.  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE:  numbers;  races;  distri 
bution;  occupations;  urban  and  rural;  societies; 
churches;  education;  public  spirit. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§96,  97,  199;  Guide,  §§  145, 
180;  Actual  Government,  §  1.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  ch.  iii; 
Actual  Government,  §§  4,  5;  C.  W.  Eliot,  Am.  Contributions , 
chs.  iv,  v;  A.  C.  Coolidge,  U.  S.  as  a  World  Power,  chs. 
ii,  iii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical 
Sociology,  chs.  ii,  iv,  vi,  viii;  N.  S.  Shaler,  Nature  and  Man 
in  America;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration;  J.  R.  Commons,  Races 
and  Immigrants;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems,  ch.  ii.  — 
SOURCE  READINGS:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  10-36,  203-209; 
U.  S.  Census,  Reports. 

LECT.  3.     AMERICAN  THEORIES  OF  GOVERNMENT:  status  of 
women;  equality;  social  compact;  democracy;  represen 
tation;  local  government;  separation  of  powers. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,   §§96,  97,   199;  Actual  Govern 
ment.    §17;    Guide,    §§156,    165,    183,    205.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:    Actual   Government,    §§  18,    19,    25-27;    A.    B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  vii,  viii; 
J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  ii-iv,  xxvi-xxx;  II, 
chs.   Ixxvii,   Ixxviii,    cix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:    A.   C. 
McLaughlin,   Confederation  and  Constitution   (Am.   Nation, 
X),  chs.  xii,  xvii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System, 
chs.  i,  ii;   C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.   Political   Theories,   chs.   iii, 
vii.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:   M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  chs. 
xi.  xiv. 


§  127]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  215 

LECT.  4.  THE  AMERICAN  CITIZEN:  birth;  naturalization; 
aliens;  orientals;  Indians;  dependents;  duties;  protec 
tion;  loss  of  citizenship. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  99,  100,  177,  192,  201;  Actual 
Government,  §7.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§  8-10;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  100,  193- 
196;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
iii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  xv.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  G.  S.  Boutwell,  Constitution,  ch.  xliv. 

LECT.  5.  LIBERTY:  inalienable  rights;  bills  of  rights;  free 
dom;  movement;  opinions;  religion;  judicial  rights. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  99,  100,  155,  159,  192,  202; 
Actual  Government,  §  7.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  v;  Actual 
Government,  §§  11-14;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
chs.  xxxvi-xliv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  B.  A.  Hinsdale, 
Am.  Government,  chs.  xlvii,  xlviii;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitu 
tional  Limitations,  chs.  xi-xiii.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  Con 
temporaries,  IV,  §§  124-129;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docnments, 
chs.  vi,  ix,  xiii,  xxi,  xxii. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  1.  —  THEORY  OF  RELIGIOUS 
LIBERTY.  —  Manual  §  202.] 

LECT.  6.  WRITTEN  CONSTITUTIONS:  precedents;  charters; 
Revolutionary;  Federal  (1787);  conventions;  legisla 
tures;  popular  votes;  interpretation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  100,  101,  102;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§  28;  C.  E.  Merriam,  Am.  Political  Theories,  chs.  i-iv;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  iii;  A.  Johnston, 
Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.),  chs.  iv,  v.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  C.  Borgeaud,  Origin  of  Written  Constitutions 
(Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  VII,  613-632);  W.  C.  Morey,  Genesis 
of  a  Written  Constitution  and  First  State  Constitutions  (An 
nals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  I,  529-557;  IV,  201-233);  J.  A. 


216  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  127 

Kasson,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution;  J.  A.  Jameson,  Con 
stitutional  Conventions;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am.  Political  Institu 
tions,  chs.  ii,  iii.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  M.  Hill,  Liberty 
Documents,  chs.  vii,  ix,  xiii,  xv,  xvii. 

LECT.  7.  SUFFRAGE  AND  REPRESENTATION;  suffrage;  limi 
tations;  ballot;  bribery;  referendum;  initiative;  dis 
tricting;  gerrymander. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§99,  100,  155;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  17.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
•Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vi;  E.  McClain,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  chs.  i,  ii;  Actual  Government,  §§22,  24,  28; 
W.  W.  Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  chs.  i-vii.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Gvernment, 
ch.  iv.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents, 
chs.  ii-vi,  vii,  ix,  xi,  xiii. 

LECT.  8.     POLITICAL  ORGANIZATION:  parties;  party  spirit; 

caucus;  nominating  convention;  ring;  boss;  remedies. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §  103;  Guide,  §§  160,  181,  201; 
Actual  Government,  §  42.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Political  Parties,  chs.  i-ix;  Actual  Government, 
§  143;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  ix;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs.  liii-lvi.  — 
ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Wood- 
burn  ed.);  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch.  viii; 
R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§532-535;  H.  J.  Ford, 
Am.  Politics,  chs.  vii,  xxiii-xxv;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems, 
chs.  v,  vi.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  Contemporaries,  III,  §83; 
IV,  §  197. 

§  128.   Readings  on  State,  Local,  and  Municipal  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§105,  107;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§  52,  59,  66,  72,  79,  86,  95. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  vi-- 
xii;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  chs.  iv-x;  W.  W.  Willoughby, 


§  129]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  217 

Constitutional  System,  chs.  v-x;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  chs,  xxx-xxxiii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xl-lii;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal 
Administration;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation, 
XXVI),  ch.  vii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government;  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Local  Government;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Prob 
lems;  D.  B.  Eaton,  Government  of  Municipalities;  D.  F. 
Wilcox,  City  Government. 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  Municipal  Affairs;  New  York  State 
Library,  Bulletins;  National  Municipal  League,  Proceedings. 

§  129.  Lectures  on  State,  Local,  and  Municipal  Government. 
(Lects.  9-12.) 

LECT.  9.  THE  COMMONWEALTHS:  admission;  privileges; 
duties;  legislatures;  government;  administration;  courts; 
lynch  law. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Manual,  §§  105,  141,  149,  160,  207,  208; 
Actual  Government,  §§  17,  52,  59,  66,  72.  --  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  53-78;  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§173-183,  188-191;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  1,  chs.  xxxvi-xlvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  chs.  xiii,  xiv;  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  430-433;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legis 
latures,  chs.  iv-x.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §§  145-157;  N.  Y.  State  Library,  Bulletins. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  2.  —  EFFICACY  OF  THE  REFER 
ENDUM.  —  Manual,  §  205.] 

LECT.  10.  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT:  Colonial;  town;  town 
meeting;  county;  mixed  systems;  villages  and  boroughs; 
school  districts. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  108,  209;  Actual  Government, 
§79.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§80- 
87;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Government;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  chs.  xlvii,  xlix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Am.  Citizenship,  part  ii,  ch.  x;  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  §§471-480. 


218  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  129 

LECT.  11.     THE  CITY:   sites;   growth;    problems;   charters; 

councils;  mayors;  police;  state  control. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  107,  108,  211;  Actual  Govern 
ment  §§86,  95.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§  87-101;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  chs. 
viii,  ix;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government,  chs.  i-xiii;  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  chs.  xvii-xix.  —  ADDI 
TIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  8; 
F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  chs.  i,  ix,  x;  B.  S. 
Coler,  Municipal  Government,  ch.  i.  —  SOURCE  READINGS: 
National  Municipal  League,  Municipal  Program;  Chicago 
Charter  Convention,  Digest  of  City  Charters. 

LECT.  12.  REMEDIES  FOR  MISGOVERNMENT:  foresight;  con 
stitutions  and  charters;  executive  organization;  limi 
tations;  separation  of  politics;  reform  organizations; 
public  spirit. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  107,  108;  Actual  Government, 
§§86,  95.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  C.  W.  Eliot,  Am. 
Contributions,  ch.  vii;  Actual  Government,  §§  94,  101;  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  City  Government,  ch.  xiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Muni 
cipal  Administration,  ch.  xx.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
F.  C.  Howe,  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  ch.  viii;  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  xi.  —  SOURCE  READINGS: 
Municipal  Affairs,  III,  434,  454;  National  Municipal  League, 
Municipal  Program. 

§  130.   Readings  on  the  Federal  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  109-114,  144,  161,  216,  217; 
Actual  Government,  §§  102,  110,  120,  135;  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  37,  42,  99,  116,  119,  121,  125,  129,  132. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  —  Actual  Government,  §§  103- 
145;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  vi-xviii;  P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Legislatures,  chs.  i,  iii. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
chs.  ii-xxxv;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  chs.  i. 


§  131]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  219 

ii;  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  chs.  xvi-xxxiii;  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  chs.  iv,  v,  xxvi. 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and 
Papers;  Congressional  Record;  Senate  and  House  Documents; 
Supreme  Court,  Reports. 

§  131.  Lectures  on  the  Federal  Government.  (Lects.  13-18.) 
LECT.  13.  CONGRESS:  choice;  service;  candidates;  the 
House;  the  Speaker;  the  Senate;  Vice-President;  com 
mittees;  steering  committee. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  111,  112,  214;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §102.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§§  103-109;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures,  chs.  i-iii;  M.  P. 
Follett,  The  Speaker,  chs.  ii,  iii,  viii,  x,  xi.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  1;  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  32-34;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  chs.  x-xv. 

LECT.  14.  FEDERAL  LEGISLATION:  influences;  executive 
initiative;  sessions;  order;  obstruction;  reports;  debates; 
votes;  output. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  111,  112;  Actual  Government, 
§110;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §44.  —  SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§111-113;  J.  Bryce,  Am. 
Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xvi-xix;  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures, 
19,  48-59,  71-78;  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  chs.  iv-vi.  - 
SOURCE  READINGS:  T.  B.  Reed,  How  the  House  Does  Busi 
ness  (North  Am.  Review,  vol.  164,  pp.  641-650,  June,  1897). 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  3.  —  DEFECTS  OP  THE  COM 
MITTEE  SYSTEM.  —  Manual,  §  214.] 

LECT.  15.     THE    PRESIDENT:    precedents;   notables;    nomi 
nation;  election;  choice  by  electors;  succession;  powers; 
veto. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  109,  110;  Actual  Government, 

§  120.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  121, 


220  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  131 

122;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch. 
xiv;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§40,  120;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  v-viii.  — ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  chs.  i,  ii;  J.  A.  Wood- 
burn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  iii;  J.  H.  Dougherty,  Electoral 
System;  E.  Stanwood,  History  of  the  Presidency.  —  SOURCE 
READINGS:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  79,  106,  162. 

LECT.  16.  THE  CABINET  AND  THE  CIVIL  SERVICE:  heads  of 
departments;  meetings;  authority;  kitchen  cabinets; 
relation  to  Congress;  minor  officials;  employees;  civil 
service  reform;  classified  service. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  109,  110,  212,  213;  Actual 
Government,  §128. — SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §§  129,  130,  134;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  xx ;  J.  H.  Finley,  The  Am.  Executive;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  I,  ch.  ix.  — ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  chs.  iv-xvi;  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays 
on  Government,  No.  1;  C.  R.  Fish,  Civil  Service  and  Patronage. 

LECT.  17.  THE  FEDERAL  COURTS:  judges;  courts;  func 
tions;  cases;  writs;  expounding  constitution;  declaring 
statutes  void. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§113,  114;  Actual  Government, 
§  135;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  142.  — SECONDARY 
READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  136-144;  S.  E.  Baldwin, 
Am.  Judiciary,  chs.  i,  ii,  ix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§43,  138-143,  168-171. —ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xxii-xxv;  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  vi;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Con 
stitutional  System,  ch.  v. 

LECT.  18.     PUBLIC  SENTIMENT  IN  THE  AFFAIRS  OF  GOV 
ERNMENT:  pulpit;  literature;  public  meetings;  personal 
influence;  societies;  mobs;  financial  magnates;  leaders. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  111,  112;  Actual  Government, 

§  102.  — SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  115; 


§  133]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  221 

J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs.  Ixxvi-lxxxvii;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  20,  24,  29,  30,  36,  128; 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  v, 
ix,  xix. 

§  132.    Readings  on  the  Functions  of  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Manual,  §§115-121;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §§  146,  155,  160,  188,  194,  199,  207,  218. 

SECONDARY  READINGS.  — Actual  Government,  §§  147-229; 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  ii, 
xiii-xviii;  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  vi;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  xi-xiv;  W.  F.  Wil- 
loughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies;  W.  M.  Daniels,  Public 
Finance;  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xiv-xvii. 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  Reports  of  executive  officials  of  the 
states,  cities,  localities  and  federal  government. 

§  133.  Lectures  on  the  Functions  of  Government.  (Lects. 
19-30.) 

LECT.  19.  TERRITORIES  AND  DEPENDENCIES:  external  boun 
daries;  internal  boundaries;  conquests;  unorganized 
territory;  organized  dependencies;  protectorates. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  115,  116,  173,  178,  185,  194, 
218,  219;  Actual  Government,  §§  146,  160. 

SECONDARY  READINGS. — Actual  Government,  §§  161, 
166-170;  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies, 
chs.  ii-ix;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  186. 

ADDITIONAL  READINGS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth, 
I,  ch.  xlvii;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs. 
xiii,  xiv;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  v;  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Am. 
Judiciary,  ch.  xxi. 

SOURCE  READINGS.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  22,  32. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  4.  —  DEPENDENCIES.  —  Man 
ual,  §  163,  cf.  §§  218,  219.] 


222  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  133 

LECT.   20.     PUBLIC   REAL  ESTATE:   District   of  Columbia; 

public  lands;  forests;  parks;  reservoirs;  public  works'; 

buildings;  eminent  domain. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  115,  116;  Actual  Government, 
§§146-160. — SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§§  150,  153,  162-164;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch. 
xi;  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies,  ch.  x. 
—  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays, 
No.  10;  S.  Sato,  History  of  the  Land  Question;  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xv;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Prob 
lems,  ch.  iv. — SOURCES:  Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Public  Lands. 

LECT.  21.     PUBLIC  REVENUE:  land;  polls;  personal  taxes; 

excise;  income;  succession;  assessments;  collection. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117,  118,  220;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §171. — SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§§172-178;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§69-79; 
E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  115.  — ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Taxation;  T.  M.  Cooley,  Law  of 
Taxation',  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems,  ch.  viii. 

LECT.  22.     THE  TARIFF:  framing;  enactment;  rates;  values; 

penalties;  officials;  administration;  defects. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117,  118,  221;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §171. — SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§§  176,  177;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxx;  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  77.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  chs.  viii,  xix-xxi;  O.  L. 
Elliott,  Tariff  Controversy;  J.  D.  Goss,  Tariff  Administra 
tion. —  SOURCE  READINGS:  Contemporaries,  III,  §§49,  50, 
78,  130;  IV,  §§  164-166. 

LECT.  23.  EXPENDITURES  AND  DEBT:  estimates;  appro 
priations;  expenditure;  public  accounts;  state  debt; 
local  debt;  national  debt;  sinking  funds. 


§  133]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  223 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  117,  118;  Actual  Government, 
§  180.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  181- 
186;  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist.,  ch.  xiv;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
Municipal  Administration,  chs.  xiii-xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL 
READINGS:  C.  J.  Bullock,  Finances  of  the  U.  S.,  part  ii,  chs. 
ii,  iii;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Administrative  Law,  II, 
275-295;  H.  C.  Adams,  Public  Debt;  W.  A.  Scott,  Repudia 
tion  of  State  Debts. 

LECT.  24.     COMMERCIAL  ORGANIZATION:  individuals;  firms; 

corporations;   trusts;   Wall   street;   contracts;   coinage; 

banks;  paper  money. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  119,  120;  Actual  Government, 
§  207.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  208, 
209,  212;  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  ch.  civ;  E.  R. 
A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  vii;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  ch.  xv.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  C.  D.  Wright, 
Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xxiv;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  §§615-618;  J.  B.  Clark,  Control  of  Trusts;  J.  W. 
Jenks,  Trust  Problems;  W.  M.  Collier,  The  Trusts;  A.  Shaw, 
Political  Problems,  ch.  vii.  —  SOURCE  READINGS:  Contempo 
raries,  IV,  §§  162-167. 

LECT.  25.     TRANSPORTATION:      roads;     railroads;     canals; 

rivers;    harbors;    sea;    regulation;    commissions;    aids; 

public  ownership. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  119,  120,  224;  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §218.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government, 
§§219-226;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation, 
XXVI),  ch.  xvi;  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vi;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law 
§§87-91.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four 
Centuries  of  the  Canal;  E.  R.  Johnson,  Am.  Railway  Transpor 
tation,  ch.  xxii;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxxiii; 
A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  10;  B.  H.  Meyer,  Railway 
Legislation  in  the  U.  S.  —  SOURCES:  Interstate  Commerce 


224  LECTURES  AND  READINGS  [§  133 

Commission  Reports;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  34;  Industrial 
Commission  on  Transportation,  Report,  IV,  1-32;  Chief  of 
Engineers,  Reports. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  5.  —  PUBLIC  CANALS.  —  Man 
ual,  §223,  cf.  §§  143,  161.] 

LECT.  26.  MOVEMENT  OF  PERSONS:  inspection;  rates;  re 
strictions;  race  discriminations;  immigrants;  exclusions; 
problems;  labor. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  119,  120;  Actual  Government, 
§  194.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §  196; 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xiv;  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  69;  C.  D.  Wright, 
Practical  Sociology,  ch.  vii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  H.  G. 
Wells,  Future  in  America,  ch.  ix;  R.  Mayo-Smith,  Emigra 
tion  and  Immigration;  P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration;  J.  R.  Com 
mons,  Races  and  Immigrants;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems, 
ch.  iii.  —  SOURCES:  Commissioner  of  Immigration,  Reports. 

LECT.  27.     FOREIGN    RELATIONS:    isolation;    annexations; 

peace;  State  Department;  envoys;  consuls;  treaties. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  121,  122,  175,  184,  195,  196, 
226;  Actual  Government,  §188.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS: 
Actual  Government,  §§  189-192;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  ch.  xxiii;  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems,  ch.  ix;  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  V,  ch.  xvi.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  W. 
Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy,  chs.  i-xviii;  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  ch.  vi;  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations; 
J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy;  J.  W.  Foster,  Am. 
Diplomacy  in  the  Orient',  A.  Shaw,  Political  Problems,  ch.  ix. 
-SOURCE  READINGS:  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  173,  179,  192, 
196. 

LECT.  28.  THE  ARMY  AND  NAVY:  militia;  regulars;  sailors; 
officers;  discipline;  posts;  vessels;  use  in  peace;  com 
mand;  war;  pensions. 


§  133]  BRIEF  GOVERNMENT  225 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  121,  122;  Actual  Government, 
§  199.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§  201, 
204;  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  chs.  ix,  x;  T. 
Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  12.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS: 
L.  D.  Ingersoll,  War  Department;  E.  S.  Maclay,  U.  S.  Navy. 
—  SOURCE  READINGS:  Secretary  of  War,  current  Reports; 
Secretary  of  Navy,  current  Reports. 

LECT.  29.     RELIGION  AND  EDUCATION:  churches;  religious 
societies;  missions;  schools;  secondary  schools;  colleges; 
professional  schools;  state  and  private. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  123,  124;  Actual  Government, 
§  230.  —  SECONDARY  READINGS:  Actual  Government,  §§231- 
243;  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs. 
xi,  xii;  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  ch.  xi;  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs.  cv-cvii.  —  ADDITIONAL  READ 
INGS:  J.  H.  Crooker,  Problems  in  Am.  Society,  ch.  v;  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  Ivi;  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democ 
racy  and   Empire,    chs.   xii-xiv;   C.   W.    Eliot,    Educational 
Reform;  A.  B.  Hart,  Studies  in  Am.  Education.  —  SOURCE 
READINGS:    Commissioner  of  Education,  Reports;   National 
Educational  Association,  Reports;  U.  S.  Census,  Reports. 

LECT.  30.  THE  GENERAL  WELFARE:  philanthropy;  punish 
ment  of  criminals;  children;  poor;  good  order;  riots; 
troops. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:  Manual,  §§  123,  124,  138,  161,  228,  229; 
Actual  Government,  §§230,  239,  244.  —  SECONDARY  READ 
INGS:  A  dual  Government,  §§231-253;  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  vii,  xix;  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  ch.  ix.  —  ADDITIONAL  READINGS:  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  chs.  viii,  xii;  C.  D. 
Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  chs.  xii-xxiv;  J.  H.  Crooker, 
Problems  in  Am.  Society. 

[CLASS-ROOM  PAPER  No.  6.  —  REGULATION  OF  THE 
LIQUOR  TRAFFIC.  —  Manual,  §  228,  cf.  §§  123,  124,  252,  299.] 


PART  III 
CLASS-ROOM   PAPERS 

§  134.  Thirty  Class-room  Papers  in  United  States  History 
(Course  A). 

The  relation  of  the  class-room  papers  to  the  rest  of  the 
work  of  the  courses  in  history  is  set  forth  above  (Manual, 
§§  7,  15-18);  and  the  place  of  each  paper  in  connection 
with  the  progress  of  the  lectures  may  be  seen  in  the  List 
of  Lectures  (Manual,  §§  28-54). 

§  135.   Paper  No.  1.   Use  of  Constitutional  Authorities. 

For  this  paper  every  member  of  the  course  will  be  required 
to  attend  a  conference  with  the  Assistant,  who  will  explain 
the  use  of  various  kinds  of  books,  in  preparation  for  the 
work  of  the  course.  By  individual  work  in  the  Library  the 
members  of  the  course  will  be  expected  to  familiarize  them 
selves  with  the  ground  covered  by  at  least  one  of  the  five 
topics  below,  before  the  paper  is  written  in  class.  The 
questions  will  correspond  to  the  five  topics,  from  which 
one  is  to  be  chosen  by  the  student;  and  no  member  of  the 
course  will  be  given  credit  for  this  paper  unless  he  has 
attended  the  prescribed  conference  before  writing  it. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES:  This  subject  is  the  basis  of  Special  Re 
port  No.  1  on  Bibliography  (Manual,  §  235) ;  and  will  be 
taken  up  in  that  connection. 

(1)  CONSTITUTIONAL  TREATISES:  Conception  of  " Constitu 
tional  Law";  ante-bellum  treatises  which  are  still  quoted; 
post-bellum  treatises;   opinions   as   to  what   may  be   done 
under  circumstances  which  have  not  yet  arisen;    compara 
tive  weight  of  treatises  and  judicial  opinions,  etc. 

(2)  CASES:  Reason  for  law  reports;  effect  of  cases  on  the 
establishment  of  constitutional  law;  various  forms  of  United 


$  136]  HISTORICAL  227 

States  reports;  collections  of  cases;  how  to  find  cases  on  a 
specific  point,  etc. 

(3)  STANDARD  HISTORIES:  Point  of  view  of  the  writers; 
field  of  the  works;  kinds  of  topics  treated;  attention  to  con 
stitutional  topics;  references  to  authorities;  tables  of  con 
tents  and  indexes,  etc. 

(4)  BIOGRAPHIES:    Relation   to   history;    notable    works; 
critical  or  panegyrics;    inclusive  of  source   material;    bio 
graphical  series,  etc. 

(5)  SOURCES:    Kinds    of    sources;    principal    collections; 
works  of  statesmen  autobiography  and  reminiscence;  travels; 
records  of  the  federal  executive  and  Congress;  newspapers; 
publications  of  societies,  etc. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS:  (1)  Do  writers  of  constitutional 
treatises  make  constitutional  law? — (2)  What  are  the  ad 
vantages  of  collections  of  cases  over  reports? — (3)  How 
does  McMaster's  United  States  differ  in  scope  and  plan  from 
Schouler's  United  States?  —  (4)  What  biography  would  you 
recommend  of  one  of  the  following  statesmen:  (a)  Thomas 
Jefferson,  (6)  Andrew  Jackson,  (c)  Abraham  Lincoln?  (5) 
What  collection  of  documents  will  be  most  serviceable  in 
this  course? 

§  136.  Paper  No.  2.  Theories  of  the  Basis  of  the  Federal 
Constitution. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§31,  32,  101,  102,  203; 
Guide,  §§  154-156. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  C.  Hurd, 
Theory  of  our  National  Existence,  116-141.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  1-5,  8-22,  26-47,  56-68,  70-83.  — 
J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  chs.  ii,  v,  especially  256-318. 
—  I.  B.  Richman,  From  Austin  to  John  C.  Hurd  (Harvard 
Law  Review,  XIV,  353-371).  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries, 
Book  III,  ch.  iii.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Nature  of  the  State, 
chs.  x,  xi,  especially  266-275. 


228  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  136 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin, 
Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  xv, 
xvii.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI), 
ch.  viii.  —  C.  E.  Merriam,  Hist,  of  the  Theory  of  Sovereignty, 
chs.  ix,  x. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Gibbons  v.  Ogden,  9  Wheaton,  1 ;  6  Cur 
tis,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  730,  1799;  Boyd,  Cases,  172;  McClain, 
Cases,  303;  John  Marshall,  Writings,  358.  —  Martin  v. 
Hunter's  Lessee,  1  Wheaton,  304;  3  Curtis,  563;  Thayer, 
Cases,  123;  McClain,  Cases,  746.  —  McCulloch  v.  Maryland, 
4  Wheaton,  316;  4  Curtis,  415;  Thayer,  Cases,  271;  McClain, 
Cases,  1;  John  Marshall,  Writings,  525.  —  U.  S.  v.  Cruik- 
shank,  92  U.  S.  542;  McClain,  Cases,  31.  — White  v.  Hart, 
13  Wallace,  646;  Thayer,  Cases,  259.  —  Keith  v.  Clark,  97 
U.  S.  454.  — Texas  v.  White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer, 
Cases,  302;  Boyd,  Cases,  552. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Preamble;  Art.  VI,  sect.  2; 
Art.  VII.  —  Federalist  (Scott  ed.),  209-215;  (Ford  ed.), 
245-260.  —  Hayne's  Speech  on  Foot's  Resolution,  Congress 
ional  Debates,  21  Cong.,  1  sess.,  VI,  43.  —  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  I,  233.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Abridgment,  X, 
423.  —  Webster's  Reply  to  Hayne  and  other  speeches, 
Congressional  Debates,  21  Cong.,  1  sess.,  VI,  58-80;  D.  Web 
ster,  Works,  I,  343;  III,  270-442,  448-505;  V,  324.  —  Com 
ments  on  Webster's  reply,  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the 
States,  I,  298-355.  —  Extracts  from  the  two  speeches; 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  47-49;  Contempora 
ries,  III,  §  159;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  Nos.  28,  30.—  Calhoun's 
South  Carolina  Exposition,  Calhoun,  Works,  VI,  1 .  — 
Speech  against  Webster,  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I, 
96.  —  See  Debates  in  the  Virginia  Convention  of  1788, 
J.  Elliot,  Debates,  III,  especially  21-23,  44,  and  395,  396. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  R.  L.  Ash 
ley,  Am.  Federal  State,  121-127.  —  W.  0.  Bateman,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  101-134.  —  0.  A.  Brownson,  Am.  Republic. 


§  137]  HISTORICAL  229 

-  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations,  3-11.  —  T.  M. 
Cooley,    Constitutional   Law,    26-29.  —  J.    Davis,    Rise   and 
Fall  of  the  Confederate  Government,  114-168.  —  A.  M.  Eaton, 
A  New  Nation   (Harvard  Law   Review,  XIII,  442-447).  - 
U.    Foster,   Commentaries,    I,    61-79,    94,    95,    104-108.- 
A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  viii. 

—  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  ii,  vi.  —  J.  C. 
Hurd,  The  Union  State,  and  The  Centennial  of  a  Revolu 
tion. —  J.  A.  Jameson,  Constitutional  Conventions,  §§27- 
61,  167.  — I.  D.  Andrews,  Am.  Law,  §§  146-148,  164- 
167.  —  C.  Borgeaud,  Adoption  and  Amendment  of  Con 
stitutions,  Part  i,  ch.  iii;  also  Part  iii,  Book  I,  chs.  i,  viii.  - 
J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science  and  Constitutional  Law,  I, 
98-108,  142-154.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Social  Compact  and 
Constitutional  Construction  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  V,  467-490). 
—  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  Part  i,  chs.  i,  iii. 

-  E.  V.   Robinson,    Nature   of   the    Federal    State    (Annals 
Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  May,  1894).  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Limits  of 
Sovereignty    (Harvard    Law    Review,    II,    70-87).  —  A.    H. 
Stephens,    War  between  the  States,   I,   50-170,   298-388.- 
W.  A.   Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  35-37.  —  W. 
W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  Woodrow 
Wilson,   The  State,  §§  1071-1086.  —  F.  Wharton,   Commen 
taries,  §§  359-375. —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  60-73. 

-  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  37-44,  47-52. 
SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Would  a  breach  of  the  Con 
stitution   by  one  of  the   states  justify  the  other  states   in 
withdrawing  from  the  Union? — (2)  Was  the  Constitution 
made  by  the  people  of  the  United  States?—  (3)  Did  the 
framers   of  the  Constitution  think  it   a  compact   between 
individuals? 

§  137.   Paper  No.  3.   Doctrine  of  Separation  of  Powers. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY:    Manual,    §§31,    32,    97,    98,    216,    217; 
Guide,    §§  157,  162,  167,  208. 


230  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  137 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story,  Com 
mentaries,  §§518-544,  861-893. —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Consti 
tutional  Law,  §§166-187.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Administra 
tive  Law  of  the  U.  S.,  Book,  I,  chs.  iv,  v. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Eakin  v.  Raub,  12  Sergeant  &  Rawle 
(Pa.),  330;  Thayer,  Cases,  133  (an  able  discussion  of  one 
phase  of  this  subject,  but  no  longer  followed). —  Marbury  v.. 
Madison,  1  Cranch,  137;  1  Curtis,  368;  Thayer,  Cases,  107; 
McClain,  Cases,  815;  Boyd,  Cases,  17.  —  Mississippi  v. 
Johnson,  4  Wallace,  475;  Thayer,  Cases,  195;  McClainr 
Cases,  102;  Boyd,  Cases,  652.  —  Rice  v.  Parkman,  16  Mass., 
326;  Thayer,  Cases,  880.  —  Taylor  v.  Place,  4  R.  I.,  324; 
Thayer,  Cases,  159;  McClain,  Cases,  79. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  1;  sect.  3,  §  6; 
sect.  6,  §  2;  sect.  7,  §§2,  3;  sect.  8,  §  18;  Art.  II,  sect.  1, 
§  1;  sect.  2,  §§  1,  2;  sects.  2,  4;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  1;  sect.  3, 
§  2.  —  Federalist  (Ford  ed.),  48,  319-334,  458-489;  (Scott 
ed.),  266-290.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §54;  Senate  Reports, 
46  Cong.,  3  sess.  (1881),  No.  837.  —  Montesquieu,  L'Esprit 
des  Lois,  Book  XI,  ch.  vi.  —  W.  Blackstone,  Commentaries, 
I,  35-37. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  D.  An 
drews,  Am.  Law,  ch.  xii,  §§232,  233.  —  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xvii.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  ch  v.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law, 
(ed.  1898)  44-54,  163-181.  — T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Limitations,  64-69,  126-134.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  II,  115. —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  §§  39,  40,  42, 
86,  88-96,  111.  — A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  1. - 
A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Government,  97-101.  —  E.  C.  Mason, 
Veto  Power,  §§  18-24,  31-36,  99-105,  121-123,  230.- 
E.  C.  Mason,  Congressional  Demands  on  the  Executive  (Am. 
Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  V,  367-375).  — E.  McClain,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  ch.  iv.  —  W.  Rawle,  View  of  the  Constitution,  chs. 
v,  xvi.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch.  vi.  — 


§  137]  HISTORICAL  231 

W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  38,  461,  501.  - 
J.  B.  Thayer,  Origin  and  Scope  of  the  Am.  Doctrine  of  Con 
stitutional  Law  (Harvard  Law  Rev.,  VII,  129).  —  J.  R. 
Tucker,  Constitution,  §§65-67,  188,  213,  214.  —  F.  Whar- 
ton,  Commentaries,  §§388-403.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am. 
Republic,  98-114,  301-313,  325-332.  —  B.  Wyman,  Ad 
ministrative  Law,  ch.  iii. 

ADDITIONAL  FEDERAL  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Kendall,  12 
Peters,  524;  12  Curtis,  834.  —  Watkins  v.  Holman,  14 
Curtis,  174.  —  Luther  v.  Borden,  7  Howard,  1;  Thayer, 
Cases,  191.  —  U.  S.  v.  Ferreira,  13  Howard,  40.  —  Murray's 
Lessee  v.  Hoboken  Land  and  Improvement  Co.,  18  Howard, 
272.  —  Georgia  v.  Stanton,  6  Wallace,  50;  Thayer,  Cases, 
201.  — United  States  v.  Schurz,  102  U.  S.,  398.  —  Butter- 
worth  v.  Hoe,  12  U.  S.  50. —  U.  S.  v.  Black,  128  U.  S.  40; 
McClain,  Cases,  109.  —  In  re  Neagle,  135  U.  S.  1;  Thayer 
Cases,  335. —  U.  S.  v.  Elaine,  139  U.  S.  306.  —  U.  S.  v. 
Duell,  172  U.  S.  576.  —  Neely  v.  Henkel,  180  U.  S.  109.  - 
James  v.  Appel,  192  U.  S.  129.  —  U.  S.  v.  Sing  Tuck,  194 
U.  S.  161.  —  Southern  Pac.  Co.  v.  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  200  U.  S.  536.  —  Michigan  Central  R.  R.  v. 
Powers,  201  U.  S.  245. 

ADDITIONAL  STATE  CASES.  —  In  re     Application  of  the 
Senate,    10   Minn.    78;   Thayer,    Cases,    181. —  Houston   v. 
Williams,    13   Cal.   24;   Thayer,    Cases,    184.  —  Breevort   v. 
Grace,  53  N.  Y.  245;  Thayer,  Cases,  882.  —  Dash  v.  Van 
Kleek,   7   Johnson    (N.  Y.),   477;   Thayer,    Cases,   1498.- 
State  v.  Stone,  120  Mo.  428;  McClain,  Cases,  105.  —  Appeal 
of  Hartranft,  Governor,  85  Penn.  St.  433.  —  Cases  of  Super 
visors  of  Elections,  114  Mass.,  247;   McClain,  Cases,  113.— 
State  v.   Simons,   32   Minn.,   540;   McClain,   Cases,    117.  - 
Ex  parte  Griffith,  118  Ind.  83;  McClain,  Cases,  122. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  This  question 
came  up  in  debates  on  the  President's  removing  power 
(Guide,  §  157);  on  the  Jay  treaty  (Guide,  §  162);  on  the 


232  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  137 

Marbury  decision  (Guide,  §  167);  on  Jackson's  removal  of 
the  deposits  (Guide,  §  185);  on  the  Dred  Scott  decision 
(Guide,  §  304);  and  on  Lincoln's  war  power  (Guide,  §  208). 
The  dispute  between  President  Johnson  and  Congress, 
which  led  to  the  impeachment  of  the  President,  turned 
directly  on  this  question.  See  also  J.  B.  Thayer,  John 
Marshall,  chs.  iii,  v;  Thayer,  Cases,  1,  6,  83,  354rc;  S.  G. 
Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution,  109-116,  161-167; 
W.  M.  Meigs,  Growth  of  the  Constitution,  115-122,  229-231; 
(London),  Spectator,  June  25,  1898. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Could  either  House  be 
compelled  by  Act  of  Congress  to  admit  members  of  the 
Cabinet  to  a  share  in  debate? —  (2)  May  the  House  require 
the  President  to  submit  papers  to  it? —  (3)  Is  the  President 
bound  by  a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court? 

§  138.   No.  4.   Implied  Powers  and  the  General  Welfare. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§31,  32,  101,  102,  123,  124, 
143,  148.  —  Guide,  §  159. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story,  Com 
mentaries,  §§419,  420,  422-434,  497-506,  907-930.  —  C.  S. 
Patterson,  U.  S.  and  States,  ch.  ii.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby, 
Constitutional  System,  ch.  iii.  —  J.  B.  Thayer,  John  Mar 
shall,  ch.  iv.  —  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality 
(Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xviii.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  II,  182-190,  589-600. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  McCulloch  v.  Maryland,  4  Wheaton, 
316;  4  Curtis,  415;  Thayer,  Cases,  271;  McClain,  Cases,  1; 
Boyd,  Cases,  308;  John  Marshall,  Writings,  160.  —  Osborn 
v.  Bank  of  the  U.  S.,  9  Wheaton,  738;  6  Curtis,  251;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1346n;  McClain,  Cases,  617;  John  Marshall,  Writ 
ings,  315.  —  Legal  Tender  Cases,  12  Wallace,  457;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2237;  McClain,  Cases,  442;  Boyd,  Cases,  136.- 
Kansas  v.  Colorado,  206  U.  S.  46. 


§  138]  HISTORICAL  233 

SOURCES.  —  Constitution:  Preamble;  Art.  1,  sect.  1; 
sect.  8,  §  18;  sect.  9;  sect.  10;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  3,  §  2;  Art. 
IV,  sect.  2;  sect.  3;  sect.  4;  Art.  VI,  §  2;  Amendments  X; 
XI;  XIII,  sect.  2;  XIV,  sect.  5;  XV,  sect.  2.  —  A.  Hamil 
ton's  Opinion  on  the  National  Bank,  Works  (ed.  1850),  IV, 
106;  (Lodge  ed.),  Ill,  125.  —  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  617.- 
T.  Jefferson's  Opinion  on  the  National  Bank,  Works  (Wash 
ington  ed.),  VII,  555.  — J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  609;  W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  9—11.  —  J.  Madison's 
opinion  on  banks  and  tariff,  in  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  600; 
debates  in  Conventions,  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  411;  V,  543, 
544.  —  Debate  in  the  House,  Annals  of  Congress,  1  Cong., 
1891-1960;  T.  H.  Benton,  Abridgment,  I,  274-308.- 
Federalist,  Nos.  38,  41  (Ford  ed.  201,  298);  (Scott  ed.,  201, 
223).  —  Message  of  Madison  (March  3,  1817),  Senate  Journal, 
14  Cong.,  2  sess.,  405-409;  House  Journal,  14  Cong.,  2  sess., 
534-537;  Annals  of  Congress,  14  Cong.,  2  sess.,  1060,  1061; 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  584.  —  Message 
of  Monroe  (May  4,  1822),  Annals  of  Congress,  17  Cong., 
1  sess.,  1809-1863;  State  Papers,  17  Cong.,  1  sess.,  IX, 
No.  127;  Statesman's  Manual,  I,  492-512;  II,  513-535; 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  144.  —  Con 
temporaries,  III,  §§  82,  133;  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents, 
chs.  xvii,  xix;  Webster's  Speech  on  the  Bank,  Works,  III, 
416. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  D.  An 
drews,  Am.  Law,  §§  246-258.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional 
Law,  §105. —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  105-110. 
-  D.  H.  Chamberlain,  Osborn  v.  Bank  of  the  United  States 
(Harvard  Law  Review,  I,  223).  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  I,  102-118.  —  W.  O.  Bateman,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§205,  206.  —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  §24.— 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xviii.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy, 
Constitutional  Law,  §§  259-269.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes 
en  the  Constitution,  212-220.  —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitutional 


234  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  138 

Law,  §§  179-183,  222-234,  248,  249,  294.  —  F.  Wharton, 
Commentaries,  §§  468-470.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic, 
73-77,  340,  341. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Fisher,  2  Cranch,  358; 
1  Curtis,  496.  —  Fletcher  v.  Peck,  6  Cranch,  87;  2  Curtis, 
328;  Boyd,  Cases,  395.  —  Martin  v.  Hunter's  Lessee,  1 
Wheaton,  304;  3  Curtis,  562;  Thayer,  Cases,'  123;  McClain, 
Cases,  746;  Boyd,  Cases,  616;  John  Marshall,  Writings f 
525.  —  Gibbons  v.  Ogden,  9  Wheaton,  1 ;  6  Curtis,  1 ;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1799;  McClain,  Cases,  235;  Boyd,  Cases,  172;  John 
Marshall,  Writings,  160.  —  Rhode  Island  v.  Massachusetts, 
12  Peters,  723;  12  Curtis,  407.  —  Farmers  National  Bank 
v.  Bearing,  91  U.  S.,  29.  —  Ex  parte,  Yarbrough,  110  U.  S.r 
651.  — Hepburn  v.  Griswold,  8  Wallace,  603;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2222.  —  Juillard  v.  Greenman,  110  U.  S.,  421;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2255;  McClain,  Cases,  442;  Boyd,  Cases,  157.  —  Ander 
son  v.  Dunn,  6  Wheaton,  204;  5  Curtis,  61;  McClain,  Cases, 
548.  —  Ex  parte  Curtis,  106  U.  S.,  371;  McClain,  Cases, 
554.  —  Logan  v.  U.  S.,  144  U.  S.,  263;  McClain,  Cases,  557. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  182-190,  589-601.  — H.  C.  Lodge, 
Alexander  Hamilton,  99-105.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  Alexander 
Hamilton,  I,  333-347.  —  Clark  and  Hall,  Legislative  and 
Documentary  Hist,  of  the  Bank  of  the  U.  S.,  15-31,  37-84r 
86-89,  91-94,  95-112.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States, 
I,  104-107.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV,  256-267; 
VI,  211,  226-231.  — J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  158- 
162. —  G.  Tucker,  United  States,  I,  450-458.  —  W.  M. 
Meigs,  Growth  of  the  Constitution,  27-34,  128-134,  306,  307. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  constitution 
ally  charter  a  life  insurance  company?  —  (2)  May  Congress 
constitutionally  vote  money  for  aid  to  sufferers  from  forest- 
fires? —  (3)  May  Congress  constitutionally  pass  an  act  creat 
ing  a  national  university,  supported  by  national  taxes? 


§  140]  HISTORICAL  235 

§  139.   Paper  No.  5.   Development  of  Parties. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  M.  Ostrogorsky,  Democracy  arid 
Parties,  II,  3-607,  esp.  3-206.  — A.  B.  Hart,  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §§  43-51.  —  J.  Macy,  Party  Organization  and 
Machinery.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties  and  Party 
Problems,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  chs. 
liii-lvi. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  ix.  —  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  ch.  xxiii.  —  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy, 
246-306.  —  H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics.  —  J.  Macy,  Political 
Parties,  chs.  i-vi.  —  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Politics.  —  A.  Holmes. 
Political  Parties.  —  J.  H.  Patton,  Political  Parties.  — P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Am.  Legislatures,  275-283.  —  E.  Stan  wood,  Hist,  of 
the  Presidency.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government, 
ch.  viii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,    III,    §§83-91,    99-105.- 
National   party  platforms   in   E.   Stanwood,  History  of  the 
Presidency,    passim;     State    platforms    in    annual    Tribune 
Almanac;  World  Almanac. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  the  Federalist  party 
have  a  higher  conception  of  government  than  the  Repub 
lican? —  (2)  Did  the  existence  of  parties  strengthen  the 
government  during  the  crisis  of  foreign  affairs  from  1801 
to  1815? —  (3)  Ought  a  public-spirited  man  to  hold  aloof 
from  politics? 

§  140.   Paper  No.  6.   Maintenance  of  Public  Order. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Manual,  §§  123,  124,  229. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS. — E.  Freund,  Police 
Power,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  576-597,  634- 
642,  715-717.  —  G.  N.  Lieber,  Use  of  the  Army  in  Aid  of 
the  Civil  Power  (North  Am.  Rev.,  Nov.,  1896).  —  Federal 
Aid  in  Domestic  Disturbances,  Sen.  Doc.,  57  Cong.,  2  sess., 
No.  209.  (Constitutional,  historical  and  comprehensive, 


236  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  140 

from    the    adoption    of    the    Constitution    to    the    present 
time.)  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  122,  131. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS. — G.  T.  Curtis,  Consti 
tutional  Hist.,  I,  426,  607,  610,  611,  613;   II,    302-319.- 
E.  B.  Andrews,  Last  Quarter  Century,  II,  327-338.  —  A.  B. 
Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xviii. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Luther  v.  Borden,  7  Howard,  1;  17 
Curtis,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  193,  254,  2352,  2391;  McClain, 
Cases,  595;  Boyd,  Cases,  647.  —  Martin  v.  Mott,  12  Wheaton, 
19;  7  Curtis,  10;  Thayer,  Cases,  2290;  McClain,  Cases,  518; 
Boyd,  Cases,  338.  —  In  re  Neagle,  135  U.  S.  1;  Thayer, 
Cases,  335.  —  In  re  Debs,  158  U.  S.  581. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution:  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  §§  12-16; 
Art.  II,  sect.  2,  §  1;  sect.  3;  Art.  IV,  sect.  4.  —  Federalist 
(Ford  ed.);  (Scott  ed.),  48-60,  126-130,  154-159,  241- 
247.  —  Debates  in  Convention,  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  III,  378, 
381,  384,  411-414,  422,  424.  —  Acts  of  Congress:  May  2, 
1792,  Statutes  at  Large,  I,  264;  Act  of  Nov.  29,  1794, 
Ibid.,  I,  403;  Act  of  Feb.  28, 1795,  Ibid.,  424;  Act  of  March  3, 
1807,  Ibid.,  II,  443;  Act  of  March  2,  1833  (uForce  Bill"), 
Ibid.,  IV,  632;  Act  of  July  13, 1861,  Ibid.,  XII,  255;  Act  of 
July  17,  1862,  Ibid.,  597;  Act  of  April  20, 1871,  Ibid.,  XVII, 
13;  Act  of  June  18,  1878,  Ibid.,  XX,  145;  Act  of  Jan. 
21,  1903,  Ibid,  XXXII,  pt.  i,  p.  775.  -Army  Regulations, 
§§563-568.  —  Revised  Statutes,  §§2118-2152,  2460,  3995, 
4293,  4792,  5275,  5286,  5297-5299.  —  Opinions  of  Attorneys 
General,  VI,  473;  IX,  520;  XVI,  162;  XVII,  333;  XIX, 
293.  —  Notable  proclamations  of  the  Presidents,  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  158,  161,  162,  436, 
450;  V,  174;  VII,  199,  472;  IX,  288,  499. —  Correspondence 
relating  to  the  Chicago  Riots,  Attorney  General,  Report 
1896,  App.;  House  Documents,  54  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  9, 
Part  ii,  pp.  20,  24,  193,  226,  233.  —  D.  Webster,  Works, 
VI,  217-246. 

ADDITIONAL      CONSTITUTIONAL      DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.    O. 


§  140]  HISTORICAL  237 

Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  §§239-241,  290,  291.  — H. 
C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law,  §§81,  116-118.  —  T.  M. 
Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  88-90,  100,  106.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  35-39.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Consti 
tutional  Law,  §§460-476,  662-668,  703-706.  —  J.  Story, 
Commentaries,  §§1186-1188,  1199-1215,  1813-1825.  —  F. 
Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§549-552.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland, 
Notes  on  the  Constitution,  197-204,  469-494,  603-605.  —  S. 
F.  Miller,  Constitution,  624,  626,  639-641. 

ADDITIONAL  FEDERAL  CASES.  —  Logan  v.  U.  S.,  144  U.  S., 
263;  Thayer,  Cases,  343;  McClain,  Cases,  557. —  Texas  v. 
White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer,  Cases,  302;  McClain,  Cases, 
838;  Boyd,  Cases,  552.  —  Prize  Cases,  2  Black,  635;  4  Mil 
ler,  876;  Thayer,  Cases,  2339;  McClain,  Cases,  515;  Boyd, 
Cases,  342. —  Miller  v.  U.  S.,  11  Wallace,  268;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2395.  —  U.  S.  v.  Greathouse,  4  Sawyer,  457;  McClain, 
Cases,  541.  — Field  v.  Clark,  143  U.  S.,  649.  —  U.  S.  v. 
Peters,  5  Cranch,  115. 

ADDITIONAL  STATE  CASES.  —  Ela  v.  Smith,  5  Gray 
(Mass.),  121;  Thayer,  Cases,  2279.  —  People  v.  King,  110 
N.  Y.,  418;  Thayer,  Cases,  568.  — State  v.  Bering,  84  Wis., 
585;  Thayer,  Cases,  869.  —  Opinion  of  the  Justices,  8  Mass., 
547;  Thayer,  Cases,  2287.  —  In  re  Kemp,  16  Wis.,  414. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  Accounts  of 
disturbances  and  their  suppression  in  The  American  Nation, 
as  follows:  Shays,  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and 
Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  ch.  x;  Whiskey,  J.  S.  Bas- 
sett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  vii;  Burr, 
E.  Charming,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch. 
xii;  Georgia,  1826-1828,  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West 
(Am.  Nation,  XIV),  308-313;  South  Carolina,  1833,  W. 
MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs. 
v,  ix;  Abolition,  1835-1840,  A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Aboli 
tion  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs.  xi-xiv;  Dorr,  1842,  A.  M. 
Mowry,  Dorr  War;  John  Brown,  1859,  F.  E.  Chadwick, 


238  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  140 

Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  chs.  v,  ix- 
xviii;  Civil  War,  1861,  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to  Arms 
(Am.  Nation,  XX),  14-19;  Strikes,  1873,  1894,  E.  E. 
Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  v; 
D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch. 
iii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  the  Shays  Insurrection 
tend  to  make  people  fond  of  their  government? — (2) 
Should  troops  be  used  as  a  posse  comitatus?  —  (3)  Ought 
the  federal  government  to  interfere  in  insurrections  directed 
against  a  state? 

§  141.   Paper  No.  7.   Doctrine  of  Interposition. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  39;  40,  97,  98,  105,  106. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story,  Com 
mentaries,  §§  306-396,  467-481.  — R.  Foster,  Commentaries, 
I,  116-119,  163-205.  — A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the 
States,  I,  477-522. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  McCulloch  v.  Maryland,  4  Wheaton, 
316;  4  Curtis,  415;  Thayer,  Cases,  271;  McClain,  Cases,  1; 
Boyd,  Cases,  308.  —  Texas  v.  White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer, 
Cases,  302;  McClain,  Cases,  838;  Boyd,  Cases.  —  Lane 
County  v.  Oregon,  7  Wallace,  71,  76;  McClain,  Cases,  40. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Con 
stitutional  Hist.,  I,  ch.  iv,  also  260-272.  —  S.  H.  Gay,  James 
Madison,  ch.  xv.  —  F.  M.  Anderson,  Contemporary  Opinion 
o  the  Virginia  and  Kentucky  Resolutions  (Am.  Hist.  Re 
view,  V,  45-63,  225-252). 

SOURCES.  —  Texts  of  Virginia  Resolutions,  first  Kentucky 
Resolutions,  second  Kentucky  Resolutions,  Madison's  Re 
port,  and  Answers  of  the  States  in:  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV, 
528-552;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  15;  Niles  Register,  II, 
305-313.  —  Jefferson's  view  in  his  Works  (Washington  ed.), 
IV,  258,  305.  —  Jefferson's  Draft  Resolutions,  Works,  IX, 
464.  —  Hamilton's  view  in  his  Works,  VI,  416.  —  Am.  Hist. 


§  142]  HISTORICAL  239 

Leaflets,  No.  15.  —  Federalist  (Ford  ed.),  100-102,  140, 
173,  203;  (Scott  ed.),  209-215,  434-440. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von 
Hoist,  United  States,  I,  396-408.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitu 
tional  Hist.,  II,  5,  15-40,  56,  71,  79.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  22-33.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§  25-44,  93-150.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law, 

I,  30,  134.  —  W.  O.  Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  137-142. 
ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Keith  v.  Clark,  97  U.   S.,  454.  — 

Gibbons  v.  Ogden,  9  Wheaton,  1;  6  Curtis,  1;  Thayer, 
Cases,  730,  1799;  McClain,  Cases,  235;  Boyd,  Cases,  172; 
John  Marshall,  Writings,  287.  —  White  v.  Hart,  13  Wallace, 
646;  Thayer,  Cases,  259. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  I,  432-436.  —  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States, 

II,  418-423.  — J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson,  172,  173.- 
J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopcedia,  II,  234,  1050-1055;    III,  734,  re 
printed  in  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn   ed.),  I, 
ch.  x. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Could  Virginia  declare  a 
federal  law  to  be  null  and  void  in  Massachusetts? —  (2)  Did 
"interposition"  mean  the  use  of  force  against  the  federal 
government? — (3)  Did  the  Virginia  and  Kentucky  Reso 
lutions  tend  to  improve  the  federal  government? 

§  142.   No.  8.   Jeffersonian  Democracy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  35,  36. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Adams,  United 
States,  I,  140-148,  170,  171,  178-180,  185-217,  247-263,  272, 
277,  445;  III,  1-9.  —  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  i,  ii,  v,  xvi,  xvii.  —  J.  T.  Morse, 
Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  iti,  vii,  viii,  xi-xviii.  —  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  I,  63-65,  173-179,  423,  424,  474;  II,  1-12,  58, 
59,  69,  80-89,  199-204;  H.  C.  Merwin,  Thomas  Jefferson; 
J.  W.  Way  land,  Political  Opinions  of  Thomas  Jefferson. 


240  CLASS-ROOM   PAPERS  [§  142 

SOURCES.  —  Jefferson's  First  Inaugural,  T.  Jefferson, 
Works,  VIII,  1;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  155;  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  321;  Contemporaries,  III, 
§  106.  —  Jefferson's  political  opinions,  Massachusetts  Hist. 
Society,  Collections,  7th  ser.,  I,  149-218;  J.  D.  Richardson, 
Messages  and  Papers,  I,  324-461;  T.  Jefferson,  Works 
(Washington  ed.),  II,  99,  104,  165,  327;  III,  81;  VIII,  42, 
148.  —  Draft  of  Declaration  of  Independence,  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  11;  T.  Jefferson,  Works  (Washington  ed.),  I,  26. 
-Detailed  views  in  Works  (Ford  ed.),  I,  440;  III,  225;  IV, 
269,  426,  476;  V,  8,  147, 156,  158,  205,  285-289;  VI,  189;  VII, 

4,  78,  173,  284,  374,  390;  VIII,  18,  73,  186;  (Washington  ed.), 
II,  100,   105,   122,  166,  221,  249,  253,  330;  III,  3,81,  313; 
IV,  114,  115,  268,  452,  523,  548;  VI,  45,  160,  222,  254,  305, 
340,  360,  381,  543,  605;  VII,  9,  12,  18,  75,  290,  319,  376, 
389;   VIII,   222,   413,   543,  589,  604;   IX,  96,   122.  —  S.  E. 
Forman,   Life  of  Jefferson,    138,    140,   145,    155,    169,    174, 
190,  191,  201,  215,  217,  218,  220,  232-235,  272-281,   306- 
308,  366-368,  379-390,  397-399.  —  Source-Book,  §§  58,  73, 
77-81,  89.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  107-110. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist, 
United  States,  I,  31,  72, 143-146,  154,  168-200.— J.  Schouler, 
Thomas  Jefferson,  chs.  v-xii.  —  G.  Tucker,  Thomas  Jefferson,  I, 
229-232,  252-256,  274-282,  333,  334,  444-449;  II,  322-325, 
507.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II,  6-12.  —  Goldwin 
Smith,  United  States,  135-139,  155-165.  —  J.  H.  Patton, 
Democratic  Party,  168-171;  R.  H.  Gillet,  Democracy  in  the 
U.  S.,  13-38.  — E.  M.  Shepard,  Martin  Van  Buren,  ch.  I. - 
E.  St;  nwood,  Hist,  of  the  Presidency,  ch.  vi.  —  S.  H.  Gay, 
James  Madison,  ch.  xvi.  — -  H.  C.  Lodge,  George  Cabot,  422- 
442,  468-473,  494,  495. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  W.  E.  Russell,  Jefferson  and 
his  Party  Today  (Forum,  XXI,  513).  —  W.  J.  Bryan,  Jeffer- 
sonian  Principles  (North  Am.  Review,  CLXVIII,  670). — 

5.  Fowler,  Political  Opinions  of    Thomas  Jefferson  (North 


UNIVERSITY 

241 

Am.  Review,  CI,  313-335).  — G.  P.  Fisher,  Jefferson  and 
the  Social  Compact  Theory  (Yale  Review,  II,  403).  —  C. 
E.  Merriam,  Thomas  Paine's  Political  Theories  (Poc.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  XIV,  389). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Would  Jefferson  have  ap 
proved  of  manhood  suffrage  in  our  cities?  —  (2)  Did  Jef 
ferson  believe  in  the  use  of  force  for  the  defence  of  a  gov 
ernment?  —  (3)  Would  Jefferson  have  approved  of  the 
boss  system  in  cities? —  (4)  Was  Jefferson  a  socialist? 

§  143.   Paper  No.  9.  Internal  Improvements. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.— Manual,  §§  37,  40, 119,  120, 123, 124, 138, 
148,  161. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  D.  Andrews, 
Am.  Law,  ch.  xx.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  I,  388- 
396. —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  1124-1150,  1272-1277.- 
E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power,  §§  83-97. 

SELECT    CASES.  —  Oilman    v.    Philadelphia,    3    Wallace, 
713;  Thayer,  Cases,  1912.  —  California  v.  Pacific  Railroad, 
127  U.  S.,  39;  Thayer,  Cases,  1394;  McClain,  Cases,  167.- 
Luxton  v.  North  River  Bridge  Co.,  153  U.  S.,  525;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2160.  —  Kansas  v.  Colorado,  206  U.  S.,  46. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Na- 
tional  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xv.  —  K.  C.  Babcock, 
Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xv.  —  F. 
J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs. 
xiii,  xvii.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am. 
Nation,  XV),  ch.  viii;  J.  S.  Young,  Cumberland  Road. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution:  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  §§-1,  3,  7, 
12;  Art.  IV,  sect.  3,  §  2.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §131.- 
Debates  in  the  Federal  Convention,  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  V, 
543-545.  —  Hamilton's  suggestions  (1791),  Annals  of  Con 
gress,  2  Cong.,  1015,  1016. —  Ohio  Act  (1802),  (sect.  7, 
No.  3);  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  II,  175.  — Cumberland  Road 
act '(March  29,  1806),  Ibid.,  357.  —  Jefferson's  message 


242  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  143 

(Dec.  2,  1806),  Statesman's  Manual,  I,  190,  191;  Annals  of 
Congress,  9  Cong.,  2  sess.,  14,  15;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mes 
sages  and  Papers,  I,  409,  410.  —  Gallatin's  report  (April  4, 
1808),  Am.  State  Papers,  Miscellaneous,  I,  724.  —  Latrobe's 
reports  (March  16,  April  1,  1808),  Ibid.,  910.  —  Madi 
son's  veto  (March  3,  1817),  Annals  of  Congress,  14  Cong., 
2  sess.,  1059;  Senate  Journal,  14  Cong.,  2  sess.,  406;  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  584.  —  Monroe's  veto 
(May  4,  1822),  Annals  of  Congress,  17  Cong.,  1  sess.,  1809- 
1863;  Statesman's  Manual,  I,  492-512;  II,  513-534;  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  144-183.  —  Jack 
son's  veto  (May  27,  1830),  Statesman's  Manual,  II,  719- 
728;  House  Journal,  21  Cong.,  1  sess.,  733-742;  J.  D.  Rich 
ardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  483-493.  —  Vetoes  by 
Arthur  (1882)  and  Cleveland  (1896),  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mes 
sages  and  Papers,  VIII,  130;  IX,  677-679.  —  Other  messages 
of  Monroe,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  II,  18,  142;  of  Jack 
son,  Ibid.,  II,  451,  508,  601,  638;  III,  118;  of  J.  Q.  Adams, 
Ibid.,  II,  388,  416;  of  Tyler,  Ibid.,  IV,  330;  of  Polk,  Ibid., 
IV,  460,  610,  656;  of  Pierce,  Ibid.,  V,  218,  256,  257,  386- 
388;  of  Fillmore,  Ibid.,  V,  90;  of  Buchanan,  Ibid.,  V,  599; 
of  Arthur,  Ibid.,  VIII,  59,  120,  137.  —  Debates  of  1817, 
Annals  of  Congress,  14  Cong.,  2  sess.,  851-923;  T.  H.  Ben- 
ton,  Abridgment,  V,  676,  704-711.  —  House  Resolutions  of 
March  14,  1818:  Annals  of  Congress,  15  Cong.,  1  sess.,  1381- 
1384.  — T.  Jefferson,  Writings  (Washington  ed.),  IV,  131, 
449,  478;  VII,  77-79;  IX,  496-500.  —  A.  Gallatin,  Writ 
ings,  I,  395,  396.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §  131. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  M.  Cool- 
ey,  Constitutional  Law,  107,  108.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  382,  412.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
Law,  §41.  — H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law,  213-216. 
—  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  §  276.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare, 
Constitutional  Law,  I,  485-487.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commen 
taries,  §§446,  447.  —  W.  0.  Bateman,  Constitutional  Law, 


f  144]  HISTORICAL  243 

§  227.  —  Prentice  and  Egan,  Commerce  Clause,  107-112, 
313-315.  —  H.  Clay,  Life  and  Speeches,  I,  300-320.  —  J.  C. 
Calhoun,  Works,  II,  186-197.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty 
Years'  View,  I,  21-27. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Stockton  v.  Baltimore  &  New  York 
R.  R.  Co.,  32  Fed.,  9;  Thayer,  Cases,  2067n.  —  Searight  v. 
Stokes,  3  Howard,  151;  15  Curtis,  346.  —  Pensacola  Tele 
graph  Co.  v.  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.,  96  U.  S.,  1; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1985;  McClain,  Cases,  252;  Boyd,  Cases,  255. 
—  Miller  v.  Mayor  of  New  York,  109  U.  S.,  385.  —  Wis 
consin  v.  Duluth,  96  U.  S.,  379. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart, 
Practical  Essays,  No.  9.  —  E.  R.  Johnson,  River  and  Har 
bor  Bills  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol  Sci.,  II,  782).  — H.  S. 
Tanner,  Memoir  on  Internal  Improvements.  —  J.  J.  Lalor, 
Cyclopedia,  I,  609,  II,  568-570.  —  The  Old  National  Pike 
(Harper's  Magazine,  LIX,  801).  —  D.  C.  Oilman,  James 
Monroe,  152-182.  —  H.  Adams,  Albert  Gallatin,  351,  352.  — 
H.  Von  Hoist,  John  C.  Calhoun,  28-41.  — W.  G.  Sumner, 
Andrew  Jackson,  191-194.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Middle  Period, 
14-18,  116-122,  155-157,  166-170.  —  W.  M.  Meigs,  Growth 
of  the  Constitution,  306,  307. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  improve  a 
waterway  wholly  within  a  State,  without  the  consent  of 
that  State?  —  (2)  May  Congress  construct  irrigation  can 
als? —  (3)  May  Congress  construct  and  operate  grain  ele 
vators  at  tide-water  terminals? 

§  144.   Paper  No.  10.    Impairment  of  Contracts. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Guide,  §  175. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Limitations,  383-416.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  538-627.  — W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on 
the  Constitution,  263-443.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
H  264-269. 


244  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  144 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Dartmouth  College  v.  Woodward,  4 
Wheaton,  518;  4  Curtis,  463;  Thayer,  Cases,  1564;  McClain, 
Cases,  1006;  Boyd,  Cases,  412;  John  Marshall,  Writings, 
188-210.  —  Fletcher  v.  Peck,  6  Cranch,  87;  2  Curtis,  328; 
Thayer,  Cases,  114;  Boyd,  Cases,  395;  John  Marshall,  Writ 
ings,  126.  —  Beers  v.  Arkansas,  20  Howard,  527;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1556. —  Beer  Co.  v.  Massachusetts,  97  U.  S.,  25; 
Thayer,  Cases,  757;  McClain,  Cases,  1014.  —  Vicksburg  v. 
Vicksburg  Waterworks  Co.,  202  U.  S.,  453. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution :  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  c.  18; 
sect.  10,  c.  1;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  2,  c.  1;  Art.  VI,  c.  2; 
Amend.  XI.  —  Federalist  (Ford  ed.),  296;  (Scott  ed.),  42, 
248.  —  T.  Jefferson,  Writings  (Washington  ed.),  VI,  460- 
463.  —  Webster's  Argument  in  Dartmouth  College  Case, 
Works,  V,  462. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  C.  Black, 
Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxi.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional 
Prohibitions,  Part  i.  -  -  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Law,  328-345.  —  E.  Freund,  Police  Power,  §§555-582, 
674-681.  —  J.  I-  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  575-745. 
—  S.  F.  Miller,  Constitution,  ch.  xi.  —  C.  S.  Patterson, 
U.  S.  and  States,  ch.  v.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  1374- 
1400.  — J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  II,  828-840.  —  F. 
Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§  477-501.  —  J.  B.  Thayer,  Case 
of  Gelpcke  v.  Dubuque  (Harvard  Law  Rev.,  IV,  311).- 
Charles  Doe,  New  View  of  the  Dartmouth  College  Case 
(Harvard  Law  Rev.,  VI,  161,  213).  — W.  H.  Rand,  Jr., 
Swift  v.  Tyson  versus  Gelpcke  v.  Dubuque  (Harvard  Law 
Rev.,  VIII,  328). 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Railway  Co.  v.  Rock,  4  Wall.,  177; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1534.  —  Eustis  v.  Bolles,  150  U.  S.,  361; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1538.  —  Gelpcke  v.  Dubuque,  1  Wallace,  175; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1541;  McClain,  Cases,  802.  —  Louisiana  v. 
Jumel,  107  U.  S.,  711;  Thayer,  Cases,  1559.  —  New  Jersey  v. 
Wilson,  7  Cranch,  164;  Thayer,  Cases,  1561.  —  Sturges  v. 


§  144]  HISTORICAL  245 

Crowninshield,  4  Wheaton,  122;  4  Curtis,  362;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1582;  McClain,  Cases,  438;  Boyd,  Cases,  405;  John 
Marshall,  Writings,  147.  —  Ogden  v.  Saunders,  12  Wheaton, 
213;  7  Curtis,  132;  Thayer,  Cases,  1590;  Boyd,  Cases,  431; 
John  Marshall,  Writings,  624.  —  Satterlee  v.  Matthewson, 
2  Peters,  380;  8  Curtis,  147;  Thayer,  Cases,  1617.  —  Provi 
dence  Bank  v.  Billings,  4  Peters,  514;  9  Curtis,  171;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1623;  McClain,  Cases,  lOllw;  Boyd,  Cases,  459.- 
6harles  River  Bridge  v.  Warren  Bridge,  11  Peters,  420;  12 
Curtis,  496;  Thayer,  Cases,  1628;  Boyd,  Cases,  451.- 
Bronson  v.  Kinzie,  1  Howard,  311;  14  Curtis,  628;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1645;  McClain,  Cases,  1028.— Von  Hoffman^;.  Quincy, 
4  Wallace,  535;  Thayer,  Cases,  1654.  — Mobile  &  Ohio 
R.  R.  Co.  v.  Tennessee,  153  U.  S.,  486;  Thayer,  Cases,  1684.  - 
Tomlinson  v.  Jessup,  15  Wallace,  454;  Thayer,  Cases,  1690.  — 
Sinking  Fund  Cases,  99  U.  S.,  700;  Thayer,  Cases,  1693.- 
Greenwood  v.  Freight  Co.,  105  U.  S.,  13;  Thayer,  Cases, 
1710.  —  Bridge  Co.  v.  United  States,  105  U.  S.,  470;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1719.  —  Railroad  Commission  Cases,  116  U.  S.,  307; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1733.  —  N.  Y.,  L.  E.,  &  W.  R.  R.  Co.  v. 
Pennsylvania,  153  U.  S.,  628;  Thayer,  Cases,  1741.- 
Reagan  v.  Farmers'  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  154  U.  S.,  362; 
Thayer,  Cases,  1745.  —  The  Binghamton  Bridge,  3  Wal 
lace,  51;  Thayer,  Cases,  1753.  —  Fertilizing  Co.  v.  Hyde 
Park,  97  U.  S.,  659;  Thayer,  Cases,  1762.  —  Stone  v.  Miss 
issippi,  101  U.  S.,  814;  Thayer,  Cases,  1771;  McClain,  Cases, 
1016n.  —  Butchers'  Union  Co.  v.  Crescent  City  Co.,  Ill 
U.  S.  746;  Thayer,  Cases,  537.  — -  New  Orleans  Gas  Co.  v. 
Louisiana  Light  Co.,  115  U.  S.,  650;  Thayer,  Cases,  1773; 
McClain,  Cases,  1017n.  —  Illinois  Central  R.  R.  v.  Illinois, 
146  U.  S.,  387;  Thayer,  Cases,  1718.  —  Watson  v.  Mercer,  8 
Peters,  88;  11  Curtis,  38;  Thayer,  Cases,  1443.  —  Woodruff  v. 
Trapnall,  10  Howard,  190;  18  Curtis,  358;  McClain,  Cases, 
998.  — Antoni  v.  Greenhow,  114  U.  S.,  270;  McClain,  Cases, 
469n.  —  Wilson  v.  Standefer,  184  U.  S.,  399.  —  Northern 


246  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  144 

Central  R.  R.  Co.  v.  Maryland,  187  U.  S.,  258.  —  Wright  v. 
Minnesota  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co.,  193  U.  S.,  657.  —  Hooker  v. 
Burr,  194  U.  S.,  415.  —  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.  v.  Mason 
City  &  Ft.  Dodge  Ry.  Co.,  199  U.  S.,  160.  —  Manigault  v. 
Springs,  199  U.  S.,  473. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  C.  Lodge, 
Daniel  Webster,  72-98.  —  G.  Van  Santvoord,  Lives  of  Chief 
Justices,  411-413,  450-459.  —  W.  W.  Story,  Joseph  Story, 
I,  321-322.  — G.  T.  Curtis,  Daniel  Webster,  I,  162-171.— 
W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson,  128-130.  — J.  J.  Lalor, 
Cyclopaedia,  III,  1129,  1130.  — W.  M.  Meigs,  Growth  of  the 
Constitution,  182-186,  311.  —  S.  G.  Fisher,  Evolution  of  the 

^Constitution,  262-264. 

I  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS. —  (l)May  Congress  pass  a  bank 
ruptcy  law  applying  to  debts  contracted  before  the  date  of 
the  act? — (2)  May  a  State  revoke  the  charter  of  a  rail 
road? —  (3)  May  a  State  pass  an  act  repudiating  the  pay 
ment  of  its  debts? 

§  145.   Paper  No.  11.  Application  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§37,  38,  77,  86,  121,  122, 
175,  183,  186,  196. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest, 
VI,  §§  944-967;  W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe  Doctrine.  —  J. 
B.  McMaster,  With  the  Fathers,  1-54.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Mon 
roe  Doctrine  in  its  Territorial  Extent  and  Application.  — 
A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  7,  §  1 ;  sect.  8, 
§§  3,  10-15,  18;  sect.  9,  §§  1,  6,  7;  sect.  10;  Art.  II,  sect.  1, 
§  1;  sect.  2;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  2,  §§1,  2;  Art.  VI,  §§  1,  2. - 
Washington's  Farewell  Address,  Am.  State  Papers,  For 
eign,  I,  34-38;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I, 
213-224. —  Spanish  Am.  Colonies,  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign, 
III,  538-545;  State  Papers,  15  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  48;  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  218;  Am.  Hist.  Leaf 
lets,  No.  4. 


§  145]  HISTORICAL  247 

MESSAGE  OF  1823. — Contemporaries,  III,  §§  147-150;  IV, 
§§  179-195.  —  W.  C.  Ford,  John  Quincy  Adams  and  the 
Monroe  Doctrine  (Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Proceedings,  Jan.,  1902).— 
Old  South  Leaflets,  No.  56.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Docu 
ments,  No.  43.  —  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II, 
207-220.  —  R.  Rush,  Memoirs  of  a  Residence  at  the  Court 
of  London,  391-475.  —  J.  Q.  Adams,  Memoirs,  VI,  163, 
177-180,  186-198,  202,  207.  --  T.  Jefferson,  Writings 
(Washington  ed.),  VII,  315-317.  —  J.  Madison,  Writings, 
III,  339-355. 

LATER  APPLICATIONS.  —  Presidential  Messages,  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  183,  221,  361,  488;  II, 
105,  116,  218,  260,  319,  334,  512;  IV,  398,  512,  540,  582; 
VII,  61,  100,  129;  IX,  632,  655.  —  Panama  Congress, 
House  Executive  Documents,  19  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  137; 
19  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  23.  —  Mexico  and  Yucatan,  J.  K. 
Polk  in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  IV,  385- 
416,  471-506,  581-583.  —  Isthmian  Canal,  Senate  Execu 
tive  Documents,  32  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  7;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
No.  4.  —  Central  American  Question,  House  Executive 
Documents,  34  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  1.  —  Mexican  Affairs 
(1865-1867),  House  Executive  Documents,  39  Cong.,  1  sess., 
Nos.  6,  20,  56,  73,  93,  137;  39  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  76;  40 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  20.  —  Cuba  (1868-1870),  Senate  Execu 
tive  Documents,  41  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  99.  —  Venezuelan 
Question  (1895),  Senate  Documents,  54  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1895- 
1896),  Nos.  31,  189,  195,  804,  806;  Senate  Documents,  58 
Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  316.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  2.  —  W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  89. 

ADDITIONAL  LEGAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  In 
ternational,  I,  266,  355.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  Principles  of 
International  Law,  131-135,  247-251.  — R.  Phillimore,  In 
ternational  Law,  I,  433-483.  —  R.  H.  Dana,  Wheaton's 
International  Law,  97-113.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries, 
§§  174,  175.  — D.  Webster,  Works,  III,  178,  201-207. 


248  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  145 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane, 
Diplomatic  Relations  of  Latin  America. — A.  T.  Mahan,  Les 
sons  of  the  War  with  Spain,  207-241.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Am. 
Diplomacy,  131-168. —  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  228-246. 
—  G.  F.  Tucker,  Monroe  Doctrine.  —  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  III,  280-304,  329-332,  358-366;  IV,  532,  533;  V, 
219,  311-315;  VI,  427-436,  535,  621,  622.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  VI,  205-211.  —  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the  New 
West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii.  —  E.  B.  Andrews,  Last 
Quarter  Century,  II,  ch.  i.  —  D.  C.  Oilman,  James  Monroe, 
159-179.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy  Adams,  129-149.- 
T.  K.  Lothrop,  W.  H.  Seward,  387-395.  —  F.  Bancroft,  W. 
H.  Seward,  II,  419-442.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  A  Hundred  Years  of 
American  Diplomacy  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XIV,  165).  - 
T.  B.  Edgington,  Monroe  Doctrine.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Century 
of  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  xii.  —  S.  M.  Hamilton,  Monroe 
Doctrine.  —  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution, 
221-273. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  attempt  to  con 
struct  a  Panama  canal  by  a  French  company  contrary  to 
the  Monroe  Doctrine?  —  (2)  Would  a  German  protectorate 
of  Brazil  be  contrary  to  the  Monroe  Doctrine? —  (3)  Would 
an  independent  Canadian  kingdom  be  contrary  to  the 
Monroe  Doctrine? 

§  146.  Paper  No.  12.  State  Authority  over  Local  and  Municipal 
Governments. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  207. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Government, 
Part  iv,  215—272.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  chs. 
ii,  iii,  iv.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government  in  the  U.  S., 
chs.  ii-iv.  — II.  S.  Abbott,  Municipal  Corporations,  §§  11, 
82-97.  —  A.  M.  Eaton,  Right  to  Local  Self  Government  (Har 
vard  Law  Review},  XIII,  441,  570,  638;  XIV,  20,  116;  XV, 
458.  —  H.  Hubbard,  Special  Legislation  for  Municipalities 
(Harvard  Law  Review,  XVIII,  588). 


§  146]  HISTORICAL  249 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Berlin  v.  Gorham,  34  N.  H.,  262; 
Smith,  Cases,  1.  —  Laramie  County  v.  Albany  County,  92 
U.  S.,  307;  Smith,  Cases,  3.  —  People  v.  Draper,  15  N.  Y., 
532. —  People  v.  Hurlbut,  24  Mich.,  44;  Smith,  Cases,  27. 

-Wisconsin  v.  Haben,  22  Wis.,  660;  Smith,  Cases,  37.- 
San  Antonio  Traction  Co.  v.  Altgelt,  200  U.  S.,  304. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Adminis 
trative  Law  of  the  U.  S.,  Bk.  Ill,  chs.  i,  iii,  iv.  —  F.  J.  Good 
now,  Municipal  Home  Rule,  chs.  ii-v.  —  J.  F.  Dillon,  Muni 
cipal  Corporations,  §§37-80.  —  J.  D.  Andrews,  Am.  Law, 
§§420-438,  450-460.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§184,  185.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations, 
261-269,  334-355,  364n.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law, 
378-381.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  ch.  v. 

-  A.  B.  Hart,  Actual  Government,  chs.  x,  xi,  esp.   §  89.  — 
W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  309,  315-329. 

-R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  46&-470. 

ADDITIONAL  FEDERAL  CASES.  —  Commissioners  v.  Lucas, 
93  U.  S.,  108.  —  Mt.  Pleasant  v.  Beckwith,  100  U.  S.,  514.  - 
Railroad  Co.  v.  Ellerman,  105  U.  S.,  166.  —  Cargill  v.  Duffy, 
123  Fed.,  721.  — Columbus  v.  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  Co.,  137 
Fed.,  869;  70  C.  C.  A.,  207.  —  Memphis  v.  Postal  Telegraph 
<fe  Cable  Co.,  145  Fed.,  602. 

ADDITIONAL  STATE  CASES.  —  Warren  v.  Mayor  of  Charles- 
town,  2  Gray  (Mass.),  104.  —  Mills  v.  Williams,  11  Iredell, 
558.  —  State  v.  Curran,  7  English,  321.  —  Fire  Depart 
ment  v.  Kip,  10  Wendell  (N.  Y.),  267.  —  People  v.  Morris, 
13  Wendell  (N.  Y.),  337.  —  Chandler  v.  Boston,  112  Mass., 
200;  Smith,  Cases,  2.  —  McKim  v.  Odom,  3  Bland.,  407. — 
St.  Louis  v.  Allen,  13  Mo.,  400.  —  The  Schools  v.  Tatman, 
13  111.,  27. —  Yarmouth  v.  Skillings,  45  Me.,  141.  — Wind- 
ham  v.  Portland,  4  Mass.,  389.  —  School  Soc.  v.  School 
Soc.,  14  Conn.,  469.  —  Montpelier  v.  East  Montpelier,  29 
Vt.,  20.  —  Waring  v.  Mayor,  24  Ala.,  701.  —  Russel  v.  Reed, 
27  Penn.  St.,  170.  —  Bristol  v.  New  Chester,  3  N.  H.,  534.  — 


250  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  146 

Johnson  v.  City  of  San  Diego,  109  Cal.,  468;  Smith,  Cases, 
9.  —  Bloomfield  v.  Glen  Ridge,  55  N.  J.  Eq.,  276;  Smith, 
Cases,  14.  —  Indianapolis  v.  Center  Township,  143  Ind., 
391;  Smith,  Cases,  19.  —  State  v.  Williams,  68  Conn.,  131; 
Smith,  Cases,  21.  —  Norwich  v.  County  Commissioners,  13 
Pick.  (Mass.),  60.  —  Rochester  v.  Roberts,  29  N.  H.,  360. 
-  Philadelphia  v.  Field,  55  Penn.  State,  320.  —  Simon  v. 
Northup,  25  Ore.,  487;  40  Pac.,  560.  —  People  v.  Flagg, 
46  N.  Y.,  401.  — Commonwealth  v.  Plaisted,  148  Mass., 
375;  19  N.  E.,  224.  —  Darlington  v.  Mayor  of  New  York, 
31  N.  Y.,  164;  Smith,  Cases,  40.  —  Proprietors  of  Mt.  Hope 
Cemetery  v.  Boston,  158  Mass.,  509;  Smith,  Cases,  46. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  a  city  ordinance  be 
rescinded  by  the  state  legislature?  —  (2)  Should  local 
financial  officers  be  subject  to  the  supervision  of  a  state 
treasurer?  —  (3)  Should  city  charters  be  irrepealable  with 
out  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  voters  in  the  city? 

§  147.  Paper  No.  13.  Jacksonian  Democracy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  39,  40,  142;  Guide,  §  181. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  G.  Brown,  Andrew  Jackson. 
—  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV), 
ch.  xviii.  —  H.  C.  Peck,  Jacksonian  Epoch,  chs.  iv-viii.  — 
J.  W.  Burgess,  Middle  Period,  163-241.  —  J.  Parton,  Andrew 
Jackson.  —  A.  D.  Morse,  Political  Influence  of  Andrew 
Jackson  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  I,  153-162). 

SOURCES.  —  Characteristic  Writings  of  Jackson,  J.  Par- 
ton,  Andrew  Jackson,  II,  433,  518-528,  552,  584,  671;  III, 
34-36,  40-43,  72,  73,  75,  112,  186,  196,  225,  294,  330-332, 
347-359,  370,  515,  624,  638,  662;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages 
and  Papers,  II,  436  (first  inaugural),  447-463,  500,  544,  576, 
591;  III,  3  (second  inaugural),  3-308,  esp.  19,  97,  147,  171, 
292. —  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  46,  50-52, 
54,  55,  57,  62,  64,  65.  —  Am.  History  Leaflets,  No.  24.— 


§  147]  HISTORICAL  251 

Contemporaries,  III,  §§  158-164.  —  C.  A.  Davis,  Letters  of  J. 
Downing,  Major.  —  J.  Q.  Adams,  Memoirs,  VIII-X,  passim. 
-D.  Webster,  Works,  I,  237,  267,  292,  345,  360,  364,  421; 
II,  11,  12,  315;  III,  416;  IV,  103,  351,  477.  —  M.  Chev 
alier,  Society  in  the  U.  S.,  chs.  xvi,  xvii.  —  A.  de  Tocque- 
ville,  Democracy  in  America,  ch.  xiii.  —  Clay  in  C.  Colton, 
Private  Correspondence  of  Henry  Clay;  H.  Clay,  Works,  IV, 
chs.  vii-xi;  C.  Colton,  Life  and  Times  of  Henry  Clay,  I,  II. 

—  A.  Kendall,  Autobiography,  chs.  xii-xv.  —  B.  P.  Poore, 
Perley's  Reminiscences,  I,  chs.  vi,  vii,  x-xiii.  —  J.  Quincy, 
Figures  of  the  Past,  352-375.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Speech  on 
the  Expunging  Resolution  in  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I, 
320. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitu 
tional  Hist.,  II,  ch.  i.  —  Goldwin  Smith,  United  States,  191- 
206.  —  R.  H.  Gillet,  Democracy  in  the  United  States,  67,  68, 
133-145.  —  W.  G.  Sumner,  Andrew  Jackson,  chs.  vii-xvi.  — 
G.  Tucker,  United  States,  IV,  chs.  xxvi-xxix.  —  T.  H. 
Benton,  Thirty  Years'  View,  I,  119-734.  — J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  IV,  chs.  xiii,  xiv.  —  J.  B.  McMaster,  United 
States,  V,  ch.  lii;  VI,  chs.  liv,  Iv,  Ivii,  lix.  —  C.  Schurz, 
Henry  Clay,  chs.  ix-xviii.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  John  Quincy 
Adams,  158-163,  169-175,  184-187,  195-242.  —  N.  Sar 
gent,  Public  Men  and  Events,  I,  35-41,  56-74,  137,  141- 
146,  151-349. —  H.  A.  Wise,  Seven  Decades,  chs.  v,  vii. 

—  A.  C.   McLaughlin,  Lewis   Cass,    ch.  v.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Daniel    Webster,    I,    chs.    xvi-xx.  —  A.    Kendall,    Andrew 
Jackson. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  Jackson  believe  that 
the  President  could  construe  the  Constitution  contrary  to 
a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court? — (2)  Was  Jackson  re 
sponsible  for  the  spoils  system  in  national  politics?  —  (3) 
Was  Jackson  an  advocate  of  the  smallest  possible  action  of 
national  government? 


252  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  148 

§  148.  Paper  No.  14.  Political  and  Constitutional  Issues  of 
Protection. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§117,  118,  138,  143,  161, 
220,  221;  Guide,  §§  158,  185,  195, 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story,  Com 
mentaries,  §§1077-1097.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional 
Law,  I,  133,  244,  271-281.  — G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  II,  ch.  vii. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  Hill,  First  Stages 
of  Tariff  Policy  of  the  U.  S.  —  W.  McKinley,  The  Tariff  in 
the  Days  of  Henry  Clay  and  Since.  —  F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff 
History  of  the  U.  S.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist,  of  the 
U.  S.,  §§  35,  36,  73,  78-84,  102,  107,  113,  127,  167,  180, 
187,  192,  196.  —  Chapters  on  the  tariff  in  The  American 
Nation,  as  follows:  (1789)  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  ii;  (1816),  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am. 
Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xiv;  (1820-1828),  F.  J. 
Turner,  Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  chs.  xiv, 
xix;  (1832-1833),  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  Democracy 
(Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  v,  ix;  (1846),  G.  P.  Garrison,  West 
ward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xii;  (1866-1883), 
E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII), 
ch.  xvii;  (1890-1894),  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIV),  chs.  iv,  xi,  xvii. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Field  v.  Clark,  143  U.  S.,  649.  —  U.  S. 
v.  Realty  Co.,  163  U.  S.,  467.  —  In  re  Schallenberger,  73 
Fed.,  491. 

GENERAL  SOURCES.  —  F.  W.  Taussig,  State  Papers  and 
Speeches  on  the  Tariff.  —  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  IV, 
191-269. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Preamble,  Art.  I,  sect.  1; 
sect.  8,  §§1,  3;  sect.  18.  —  Federalist  (Dawson  ed.),  37,  58, 
65,  78,  79,  216,  218;  (Ford  ed.),  18,  268;  (Scott  ed.),  168-170. 
—  A.  Hamilton,  Report  on  Manufactures,  Works  (ed.  1850), 
III,  192-284;  (Lodge  ed.),  Ill,  294-416;  Taussig,  State 
Papers,  1;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  2.  —  Act  of 


§  148]  HISTORICAL  253 

July  4,  1789,  U.  8.  Statutes  at  Large,  I,  24-37.  —  Washing 
ton's  opinions,  in  his  Writings,  XII,  9,  69,  70.  —  Jefferson's 
opinions  in  his  Works,  V,  415,  417,  440;  VI,  431,  521-523; 
VII,  427.  —  Opinion  of  Madison  in  his  Writings,  I,  479- 
483;  III,  42,  43;  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  600.  —  Clay's 
Speeches,  F.  W.  Taussig,  State  Papers,  252;  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  IV,  191-202;  D.  Mallory,  Life  and  Speeches 
of  Henry  Clay,  I,  195,  289,  405,  440,  582,  586;  II,  5,  106, 
122,  139,  532.  —  Webster's  Speeches,  Works,  III,  94,  228, 
304;  IV,  528;  V,  161-243.— A.  Gallatin,  Free  Trade  Me 
morial  in  F.  W.  Taussig,  State  Papers,  108. — Walker's 
Report  of  1845,  in  F.  W.  Taussig,  State  Papers,  214.  —  Protest 
of  South  Carolina,  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  580.  —  F.  H.  Kurd's 
Speech  in  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  IV,  238.  —  Calhoun's 
Opinions,  Works,  II,  163-173;  VI,  2-29.  —  Clay's  Report 
of  1830,  in  T.  H.  Benton,  Abridgment,  XI,  446.  —  Jack 
son's  views,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II, 
514,  601;  III,  56,  161;  Contemporaries,  III,  §§22,  78,  130; 
IV,  §  166. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS. — J.  R.  Tucker, 
Constitution,  I,  498-502.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§  414, 
415.  — R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  606-610. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Allen  v.  Smith,  173  U.  S.,  389.  — 
Calder  v.  Henderson,  54  Fed.,  802;  4  C.  C.  A.,  584.  —  Bar 
row  v.  Milliken,  74  Fed.,  612;  20  C.  C.  A.,  559. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Stanwood, 
Am.  Tariff  Controversies,  I,  ch.  ix. — R.  W.  Thompson,  History 
of  Protective  Tariff  Laws.  —  O.  L.  Elliott,  Tariff  Contro 
versy.—  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  194,  422;  II,  360, 
464,  479,  480,  480n,  498,  499n;  III,  27-38,  58,  59;  VI,  219, 
222,  275-280.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I, 
398-405;  II,  186-188.  —  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  86- 
90,  186-188;  IV,  230.  —  H.  C.  Lodge,  Daniel  Webster,  159- 
171.  — H.  C.  Lodge,  Alexander  Hamilton,  107-113.  — J.  W. 
Burgess,  Middle  Period,  ch.  viii.  —  W.  G.  Sumner,  Lectures 


254  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  148 

on  the  History  of  Protection,  21-33.  —  J.  G.  Elaine,  Twenty 
Years  of  Congress,  I,  ch.  ix. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  prohibit  the 
exportation  of  kerosene?  —  (2)  May  Congress  grant  boun 
ties  on  the  production  of  wheat? —  (3)  May  Congress  remit 
duties  on  pictures  intended  to  form  a  municipal  art  gallery? 

§  149.   Paper  No.  15.   Doctrine  of  Nullification. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  156;  Guide,  §§  156,  183,  205. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  5,  15-40.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§25-44,  93-150.  — C.  B.  Loring,  Nullifi 
cation  and  Secession.  —  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the 
States,  I,  419-446. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Texas  v.  White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer, 
Cases,  302;  McClain,  Cases,  838;  Boyd,  Cases,  552.— 
McCulloch  v.  Maryland,  4  Wheaton,  316;  4  Curtis,  415; 
Thayer,  Cases,  271;  McClain,  Cases,  1;  Boyd,  Cases,  308. — 
Cohens  v.  Virginia,  6  Wheaton,  264;  5  Curtis,  82;  Thayer, 
Cases,  285. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  D.  F.  Houston,  Nul 
lification  in  South  Carolina.  —  F.  J.  Turner,  Rise  of  the 
New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xix.  —  W.  MacDonald, 
Jacksonian  Democracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  v,  vi,  ix.  — 
J.  W.  Burgess,  Middle  Period,  ch.  x.  —  J.  S.  Landon,  Con 
stitutional  Hist.,  187-198. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Preamble;  Art.  I,  sect.  2, 
§  4;  sect.  4,  §  1;  sect.  8,  §  15;  sect.  10;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  2, 
§23;  sect.  3,  §  1;  Art.  IV;  Art.  VI;  Amends.  X;  XI.- 
Hayne's  Speech,  Congressional  Debates,  21  Cong.,  1  sess., 
VI,  43-58;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  233;  T.  H. 
Benton,  Abridgment,  X,  423-449.  —  Webster's  Reply,  Con 
gressional  Debates,  21  Cong.,  1  sess.,  VI,  58-80;  A.  John 
ston,  Am.  Orations,  I,  248;  D.  Webster,  Works,  III, 
270-342,  449-505.  —  Comments  on  Webster's  Reply,  A.  H. 


§  149]  HISTORICAL  255 

Stephens,  War  between  the  States,  I,  298-355.  —  Extracts 
from  the  two  speeches,  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents, 
Nos.  47-49;  Contemporaries,  III,  §  159;  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
No.  30.  —  Calhoun's  South  Carolina  Exposition,  Works,  VI,  1. 
—  Calhoun's  Speech  against  Webster,  A.  Johnston,  Am. 
Orations,  I,  303,  Am.  Hist  Leaflets,  No.  30;  Contempo 
raries,  III,  §161.  —  Debate  on  State  Rights,  J.  Elliot, 
Debates,  IV,  496.  —  James  Madison,  Writings,  IV,  18-20, 
44,  80,  102,  196,  224.  —  Documents  in  N  ties' s  Register, 
XLIII,  suppl.  —  Ordinance  of  Nullification,  H.  W.  Preston, 
Documents,  300-303;  Niles's  Register,  XLIII,  suppl;  W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  53.  —  Jackson's  Procla 
mation,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  II,  640; 
J.  Elliot,  Debates,  IV,  582;  Nttes's  Register,  XLIII,  260; 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  55.  —  Andrew  Jack 
son's  Nullification  Message,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages 
and  Papers,  II,  610.  —  Letters  on  the  Nullification  Move 
ment  (Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  VI,  725-765;  VII,  92-119).  —  Fed 
eralist  (Ford  ed.),  100-102,  140,  173,  203;  (Scott  ed.),  247- 
265. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  R.  Foster, 
Commentaries,  I,  125-158.  —  J.  Davis,  Confederate  Govern 
ment,  I,  184,  221,  222.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§306- 
340,  350-372.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  30, 
134.  — H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  I,  396-408.  —  E.  P. 
Powell,  Nullification  and  Secession.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty 
Years'  View,  I,  334-362. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Lane  County  v.  Oregon,  7  Wallace, 
71 ;  McClain,  Cases,  40.  —  Legal  Tender  Cases,  12  Wallace. 
457,  554. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist, 
John  C.  Calhoun,  96-103.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty  Years' 
View,  I,  138-149,  167-180,  297-299.  —  T.  Roosevelt, 
Thomas  H.  Benton,  88-105.  —  H.  C.  Lodge,  Daniel  Webster, 
171-204.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Daniel  Webster,  I,  351-366.— 


256  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  149 

J.  Schouler,  United  States,  III,  482-488.  —  H.  A.  Wise, 
Seven  Decades,  121-135. —  J.  W.  Draper,  Civil  War,  I, 
370-380.  — E.  G.  Scott,  Reconstruction  during  Civil  War,  3, 
192-205.  —  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  II,  234,  1050-1055;  III, 
734.  — See  also  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn  ed.). 
SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  under  any 
circumstances  annul  a  State  statute? —  (2)  Is  it  treasonable 
to  refuse  obedience  to  an  act  of  Congress?  —  (3)  May  Con 
gress  compel  a  State  court  to  permit  an  appeal  to  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court? 

§  150.   Paper  No.  16.   Arguments  for  and  against  Slavery. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  39,  40,  43,  44,  253.  —  Guide, 
§§186,  187.  — A.  B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am. 
Nation,  XVI),  ch.  xxii. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A. 
B.  Hart,  Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XVI),  chs. 
iv-x,  xxi.  —  F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XIX),  chs.  i-iii.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I, 
ch.  iv.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  I,  ch.  ix.  —  J. 
Schouler,  United  States,  II,  239-241;  III,  ch.  xvii;  IV, 
203-209.  —  W.  G.  Brown,  The  Lower  South. 

SELECT  CONTEMPORARY  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  G.  Simmons 
and  others,  Pro-Slavery  Argument  (strong  defense).  —  M. 
Adams,  South  Side  View  of  Slavery  (mild  defense). — 
H.  R.  Helper,  Impending  Crisis  (criticism  by  a  poor  white). 

—  W.  Goodell,  Slavery  and  anti-slavery  (strong  criticism). 

—  Contemporaries,  III,   §§  10,  169-184.  —  Governor  McDuf- 
fie  in  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  10  (extreme  defense). 

SELECT  CONTEMPORARY  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SLAVERY.  — 
F.  L.  Olmsted,  Seaboard  Slave  States,  chs.  iii,  viii,  x.  — 
F.  L.  Olmsted,  Texas  Journey,  ch.  vii.  —  F.  L.  Olmsted, 
Back  Country,  chs.  ii,  viii,  x.  —  T.  Jefferson,  Notes  on  Vir 
ginia  (ed.  of  1787),  228-273.  —  F.  Douglass,  My  Bondage 
and  Freedom.  —  Susan  D.  Smedes,  Memoirs  of  a  Southern 


§  150]  HISTORICAL  257 

Planter.  — Contemporaries,  I,  §§  86-88;  II,  §§  102-108;  III, 
§§  169-173;  IV,  §§  23-28.  —  Source-Book,  §§  94-99. 

SELECT    CONSTITUTIONAL    DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.    C.    Kurd, 
Law  of  Freedom  and  Bondage,  I,  chs.  xii-xvi;  II,  chs.  xxv- 
xxxi.  — T.  R.  R.  Cobb,  Law  of  Negro  Slavery,  116-225.- 
T.    M.    Cooley,    Constitutional    Law,    233-240.  —  H.    Von 
Hoist,  John  C.  Calhoun,  124-183. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  AND  POLITICAL  SOURCES.  — 
Speeches  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  J.  C.  Calhoun,  Daniel 
Webster,  Wendell  Phillips,  Charles  Sumner,  S.  P.  Chase, 
Edward  Everett,  S.  A.  Douglas,  J.  P.  Benjamin,  W.  H. 
Seward,  Abraham  Lincoln,  in  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations, 
II,  115,  123,  161,  219,  268;  III,  3,  32,  50,  84,  88,  129,  154, 
168,  195. —  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  4, 
35-40,  69,  78,  82,  85,  93,  96.  —  G.  M.  Stroud,  Slave  Laws. 

ADDITIONAL  DESCRIPTIVE  SOURCES.  —  F.  Douglass,  Life 
and  Times.  —  S.  Northrup,  Twelve  Years  a  Slave.  —  J.  H. 
Hopkins,  View  of  Slavery.  —  S.  Nott,  Slavery  and  the  Remedy. 
—  C.  Elliot,  Sinfulness  of  American  Slavery.  —  A.  Barnes, 
Scriptural  View  of  Slavery.  —  D.  R.  Goodwin,  Southern 
Slavery  in  its  Present  Aspects.  —  F.  A.  Kemble,  Journal  of 
a  Residence  on  a  Georgia  Plantation.  —  F.  A.  Child,  Authentic 
Anecdotes  of  Am.  Slavery. 

SELECT  MONOGRAPHS  ON  PHASES  OF  SLAVERY.  —  M.  G. 
McDougall,  Fugitive  Slaves.  —  W.  H.  Siebert,  Underground 
Railroad.  —  M.  Tremaine,  Slavery  in  the  District  of  Colum 
bia.  —  W.  E.  B.  DuBois,  Suppression  of  the  African  Slave 
Trade.  —  M.  B.  Hammond,  The  Cotton  Industry.  —  J.  H. 
T.  McPherson,  Hist,  of  Liberia.  —  W.  M.  Collins,  Domestic 
Slave  Trade.  —  S.  B.  Weeks,  Anti-Slavery  Sentiment  in  the 
South.  —  J.  E.  Cutler,  Lynch  Law. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story, 
Commentaries,  §§1915-1927.  —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries, 
158-163.  —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  II,  554,  555,  629- 
634.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §§116-118. — 
F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§  181,  182. 


258  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  150 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes, 
United  States,  I,  ch.  i.  —  J.  Davis,  Confederate  Govern 
ment,  I,  chs.  i,  ii,  v.  —  J.  E.  Cairnes,  Slave  Power,  chs.  ii- 
vi.  —  H.  Greeley,  Am.  Conflict,  I,  chs.  vi,  xvi.  —  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  I,  143-150;  II,  57-59,  125-130;  III,  133- 
173;  IV,  203-224;  V,  195-199,  376^381.  — H.  Von  Hoist, 
United  States,  I,  chs.  vii-ix;  II,  chs.  ii,  iv;  III,  chs.  xvi; 
VI,  ch.  i.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  37,  231- 
256.  —  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation, 
XVII),  ch.  xix.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Middle  Period,  chs.  iii, 
xi,  xviii,  xxi.  —  J.  B.  McMaster,  United  States,  III,  515- 
527;  V,  184-226.  —  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  chs.  viii,  xvii, 
xxi,  xxvi.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  iii,  v,  x.  — 
S.  W.  McCall,  Thaddeus  Stevens,  72-88,  129-135,  210-228. 
-  T.  K.  Lothrop,  W.  H.  Seward,  chs.  iv,  v,  vii,  x.  —  J.  S. 
Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch.  xi. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  slavery  make  more  rapid 
the  opening  of  lands  to  cultivation? —  (2)  Did  slavery  pro 
duce  more  for  the  white  race  in  general  than  they  would 
have  received  under  a  system  of  white  labor?  —  (3)  Was 
slavery  unfavorable  to  the  improvement  of  agricultural  pro 
cesses  on  large  plantations? 

§  151.  Paper  No.  17.   Governmental  Powers  of  the  States. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  207. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  R.  Tucker, 
Constitution,  I,  256-324.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§16-22,  173-176.  — W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional 
System,  chs.  i-x,  xix.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limita 
tions,  chs.  i,  iii-v,  xv,  xvi.  —  W.  A.  Dunning,  Reconstruction 
(Am.  Nation,  XXII),  chs.  i,  iv,  vi,  xi,  xvi. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Cohen  v.  Virginia,  6  Wheaton,  264; 
5  Curtis,  82;  Thayer,  Cases,  285.  —  U.  S.  v.  Cruikshank, 
92  U.  S.,  542;  McClain,  Cases,  31.  —  Livingston  v.  Van 
Ingen,  9  Johnson  (N.  Y.)7  705;  Thayer,  Cases,  266. — 


§  151]  HISTORICAL  259 

Lane  County  v.  Oregon,  7  Wallace,  71;  McClain,  Cases, 
40.  — Kansas  v.  Colorado,  27  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.,  655;  206 
U.  S.,  46. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  10,  Amend.  X. 
-Federalist  (Scott  ed.),  93,  254-265;  (Ford  ed.),  87-105, 
197-200,  310-319.  —  Messages  of  the  Presidents,  in  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  409,  456,  489,  490, 
555,  584;  II,  18,  142,  144;  V,  431,  450,  497,  543,  553,  599, 
608,  614,  619,  626,  639,  655;  VI,  5,  20,  68,  73,  85,  134; 
VIII,  375,  407,  411,  557,  778,  827,  837;  IX,  492,  598,  677. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  M. 
Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  29-32,  36,  37,  70,  83,  91,  92, 
132-134,  161-163,  187-217,  250-263,  338-342,  363-377, 
381-390.  —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  273-278.  —  W.  O. 
Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  134-136,  189-192,  300-301. 

-  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  ii,  xi,  xiii.  —  J.  D. 
Andrews,    Am.    Law,    §§125-127,149,150,153-161,236, 
384-386.  —  A.  B.  Hart,    Actual    Government,  §§  53-58.  — 
J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional    Law,  I,  15,  30,  94,  521,  632. 

-  J.  A.  Jameson,    Constitutional    Conventions,  §  §  89-95.  — 
S.   F.   Miller,   Constitution,  ch.    xii.  —  J.    Ordronaux,    Con 
stitutional  Legislation,  ch.  iii,  also  362-365.  —  J.  N.  Pome- 
roy,    Constitutional    Law,    §§43,    133,    152-164,   537.  —  F. 
Wharton,    Commentaries,     §§  376-382.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Am.  Republic,  61-73,  342-361.  — E.  McClain,  Federal  Pro 
tection    against    State    Power    (Harvard    Law    Review,    VI, 
405).  —  A.  M.  Eaton,  Recent   State   Constitutions   (Harvard 
Law   Review,  VI,  53,  109). 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  --  Martin  v.  Hunter's  Lessee,  1 
Wheaton,  304;  3  Curtis,  562;  Thayer,  Cases,  123.  —  Rail 
road  Company  v.  Otoe,  16  Wallace,  667;  Thayer,  Cases, 
1256n.  —  Texas  v.  White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer,  Cases, 
302;  Boyd,  Cases,  552.  —  Hans  v.  Louisiana,  134  U.  S.,  1; 
Thayer,  Cases,  293;  McClain,  Cases,  702.  —  Civil  Rights 
Cases,  109  U.  S.,  3;  Thayer,  Cases,  554;  McClain,  Cases,  37. 


260  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  151 

-  Virginia  v.  Rives,  100  U.  S.,  313.  —  Ex  parte  Virginia, 
100  U.  S.,  339.  —  Tarble's  Cases,  13  Wallace,  397;  McClain, 
Cases,    43.  —  Ableman    v.    Booth,     21     Howard,     506.  - 
Tennesee  v.  Davis,  100  U.  S.,  257;  McClain,  Cases,  51.- 
Ex  parte   Siebold,   100  U.  S.,  371;   McClain,  Cases,   56.- 
Hanenstein  v.   Lynham,    100   U.   S.,   483;   McClain,   Cases, 
72. —  Martin  v.   Waddell,    16  Peters,   367,   410.  —  Barney 
v.  Keokuk,  94  U.  S.,  324.  —  Hardin  v.' Jordan,  140  U.  S., 
371.  —  Kean    v.    Calumet    Canal    and    Improvement    Co., 
190  U.  S.,  452.  —  South  Carolina  v.  U.  S.,  199  U.  S.,  437.  - 
Louisiana  v.  Mississippi,  202  U.  S.,  1. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Con 
stitutional  Hist.,  I,  517,  557,  592,  603;  II,  122,  163-166. 

-  W.    MacDonald,    Jacksonian    Democracy    (Am.    Nation, 
XV),  ch.  xv. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  a  state  by  charter  give 
to  a  corporation  the  right  to  operate  in  another  state?  — 
(2)  May  a  state  make  burning  alive  a  penalty  for  murder? 

-  (3)  May  a  state  legislature  confer  power  on  the  governor 
not  conferred  by  the  State  Constitution? 

§  152.   Paper  No.  18.  Ethics  of  the  Mexican  War. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  43,  44,  79,  80.  —  Guide, 
§§  193,  194. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  III, 
chs.  iii,  xi.  —  G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am. 
Nation,  XVII),  chs.  xiii,  xiv,  xv.  —  J.  Schouler,  United 
States,  IV,  518-543;  V,  1-84. 

SELECT  SOURCES.  —  Source-Book,  §  104.  —  Contempora 
ries,  IV,  §§  7-14.  —  J.  R.  Lowell,  Bigelow  Papers.  —  Con 
gressional  Globe,  29  Cong.,  30  Cong.  (1845-49).  —  T.  H. 
Benton,  Abridgment,  XV,  XVI.  —  Senate  Documents,  29 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  I,  No.  1;  VII,  No.  337;  VIII,  No.  388;  Ibid., 
29  Cong.,  2  sess.,  Ill,  No.  107;  Ibid.,  30  Cong.,  1  sess.,  VII, 
Nos.  52,  60;  House  Executive  Documents,  29  Cong.,  1  sess.. 


§  153]  HISTORICAL  261 

VI,  No.  196;  Ibid.,  29  Cong.,  2  sess.,  Ill,  No.  19;  Ibid.,  30 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  II,  No.  8;  VIII,  No.  69.  —  Messages  of  Polk, 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  IV,  437-460,  471,  479,  482, 
513,  533,  565,  587,  631.  — T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty  Years' 
View,  I,  chs.  cxlix,  clxi.  —  J.  C.  Calhoun,  Works,  IV.  — 
D.  Webster,  Works,  V,  151,  253-301.  — J.  Q.  Adams, 
Memoirs,  XVI.  —  U.  S.  Grant,  Personal  Memoirs,  I,  chs. 
iii-xiii. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in 
Hist.  Criticism,  No.  9.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  John  C.  Calhoun, 
ch.  iv.  —  C.  Schurz,  Henry  Clay,  II,  ch.  xxv.  —  J.  Winsor, 
Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VII,  292,  408-412,  505-507.  - 
H.  C.  Lodge,  Daniel  Webster,  290-294.  —  H.  Greeley,  Am. 
Conflict,  I,  ch.  xiv.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  I,  87- 
94.  —  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  chs.  xiv,  xv. 
—  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Congress.  I,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  H. 
Patton,  Democratic  Party,  122-130.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Daniel 
Webster,  II,  290-293,  301-307.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  James 
Buchanan,  I,  ch.  xxi.  —  H.  Wilson,  Slave  Power,  II,  chs. 
ii,  iii.  —  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific  States,  VIII,  ch.  xiii.  - 
W.  Jay,  Review  of  the  Mexican  War.  —  J.  S.  Jenkins,  James 
Knox  Polk,  ch.  ix.  —  L.  B.  Chase,  Polk  Administration, 
chs.  v-ix.  —  P.  Young,  History  of  Mexico,  Book  II,  chs.  i,  v. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  failure  of  the  Sli- 
dell  mission  a  sufficient  reason  for  war?  —  (2)  Was  the 
conquest  of  California  a  reasonable  incident  of  war  against 
Mexico? —  (3)  Were  the  unsettled  claims  a  sufficient  reason 
for  war? 

§  153.   Paper  No.  19.   Control  of  Acquired  Territory. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  178,  218,  219. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  W.  Wil- 
loughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  J.  A. 
Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  362-397.  —  H.  W.  Bikle,  Con 
stitutional  Power  of  Congress  over  Territory.  —  J.  Story, 


262  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  153 

Commentaries,    §§  150,    151,   208,    1282-1289,    1317,    1319- 
1321. --E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  185,  186. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  American  Insurance  Co.  v.  Canter,  1 
Peters,  311;  7  Curtis,  685;  Thayer,  Cases,  350;  McClain, 
Cases,  827;  Boyd,  Cases,  583.  —  Jones  v.  U.  S.,  137  U.  S., 
202;  Thayer,  Cases,  364.  —  Fleming  v.  Page,  9  Howard, 
603;  18  Curtis,  278.  —  Cross  v.  Harrison,  16  Howard,  164; 
21  Curtis,  66.  —  Downes  v.  Bidwell,  182  U.  S.,  244. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United 
States,  III,  308,   322,    351,   385-401,   422-430,   442-455.- 
J.    F.    Rhodes,    United   States,    I,    424-484.  — J.    Schouler, 
United  States,  V,  97-100,  115-119,  157-190,  289-293. 

SELECT  SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  8, 
§§  17,  18;  Art.  IV,  sect.  3,  §  2;  Art.  VI,  §  2;  Amend 
ments  I,  VIII,  X.  —  Calhoun's  Resolutions  (Feb.  19,  1847), 
Works,  IV,  346-349,  498;  Congressional  Globe,  29  Cong., 
2  sess.,  453,  455.  —  A.  H.  Stephens.  War  between  the  States, 
II,  166-168.  —  Walker's  Amendment  of  1849,  Congressional 
Globe,  30  Cong.,  2  sess.,  561.  —  Debate  on  Territories, 
Congressional  Globe,  30  Cong.,  2  sess.,  App.  265-289;  D. 
Webster,  Works,  V,  30-312.  —  J.  C.  Calhoun,  Works,  IV, 
336-396.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  111-115;  IV,  §§  186-191. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A.  Suth 
erland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  187,  472,  508,  596-600. 
—  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  182-186.  —  J.  D. 
Andrews,  Am.  Law,  ch.  ix.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional 
Law,  20.  —  J.  N.  Potneroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §§483- 
489.  _j.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  II,  605-610.  —  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  11—14,  17.  —  A.  P. 
Morse,  Civil  and  Political  Status  of  Inhabitants  of  Ceded 
Territories  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XIV,  262).  —  E.  McClain, 
The  Hawaiian  Case  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XVII,  386). 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  Donaldson, 
Public  Domain,  56-88,  416-464.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitu 
tional  Hist.,  I,  532,  542,  544;  II,  198,  199,  227.  —  T.  Roose- 


§  154]  HISTORICAL  263 

velt,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  317-340.  —  T.  H.  Benton,  Thirty 
Years'  View,  II,  696-700,  713-715,  721-726,  729-736.- 
H.  Von  Hoist,  John  C.  Calhoun,  288-307.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Daniel  Webster,  II,  360-373.  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Colonial 
Expansion  of  the  United  States  (Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXXIII, 
145).  —  C.  E.  Boyd,  Government  of  Newly  Acquired  Terri 
tory  (Ibid,  LXXXII,  735).  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  chs.  v, 
vi,  §§  42-67.  —  H.  P.  Judson,  Am.  Federal  Constitution  and 
Expansion  (Review  of  Reviews,  XIX,  67;  XXI,  451). 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Callan  v.  Wilson,  127  U.  S.,  540; 
Thayer,  Cases,    358;    McClain,    Cases,    834.  —  Metropolitan 
Railroad  Co.  v.  D.  C.,  132  U.  S.,  1;  McClain,  Cases,  522.- 
Fort    Leavenworth    R.   R.   Co.  v.   Lowe,    114   U.   S.,   525; 
McClain,  Cases,  528.  —  Kincaid  v.  U.  S.,  150  U.  S.,  483.  - 
Nelson  v.  U.  S.,  30  Fed.,  112.  —  Callsen  v.  Hope,  75  Fed., 
758.  — Binns  v.  U.  S.,  194  U.  S.,  486.  —  Goetze  v.  U.  S., 
103  Fed.,   72.  —  Rasmussen  v.   U.   S.,   197  U.   S.,   516.- 
Hawaiian  v.  Mankichi,  23  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.,  787;  190  U.  S., 
197. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Do  the  people  of  acquired 
territory  bring  their  law  with  them  when  annexed  to  the 
United  States? —  (2)  May  Congress  cede  any  part  of  the 
territory  of  the  United  States  to  another  power?  —  (3) 
Were  the  people  of  California  in  1847  subject  to  the  Tariff 
Act  of  1846? 

§  154.  Paper  No.  20.  Popular  Sovereignty  and  Government  of 
Organized  Territory. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§35,  36,  85,  86,  115,  116, 
154,  173,  178,  185. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Hoist, 
United  States,  III,  354-358;  IV,  291-402,  especially  381- 
389.  —  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies, 
ch.  iii.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  490-499.  — 
J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  1318-1330. 


264  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  154 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Dred  Scott  v.  Sandford,  19  Howard, 
393;  2  Miller,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  480;  Boyd,  Cases,  481.— 
National  Bank  v.  County  of  Yankton,  101  U.  S.,  129;  McClain, 
Cases,  830n.  —  Boyd  v.  Nebraska,  143  U.  S.,  145.  —  Mor 
mon  Church  v.  U.  S.,  136  U.  S.,  1;  McClain,  Cases,  835. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  I,  419-498.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  IV,  280- 
461.  —  J.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation, 
XVIII),  chs.  vii,  ix,  xi,  xiv-xvi.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitu 
tional  Hist.,  II,  227,  228,  256-259,  280,  296-298. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  §§  17,  18; 
Art.  IV,  sect.  3,  §  2;  Art.  VI,  §  2;  Amendments,  I,  III, 
X,  XV.  —  Leake's  doctrine  (Feb.  17,  1847),  Congres 
sional  Globe,  29  Cong.,  2  sess.,  442.  —  Dickinson's  doctrine 
(Dec.  14,  1847),  Congressional  Globe,  30  Cong.,  1  sess.,  21, 
27,  54,  157-160.  —  Cass's  doctrine  (Dec.  24,  1847),  A.  C. 
McLaughlin,  Lewis  Cass,  232,  233;  M.  W.  McClusky,  Politi 
cal  Textbook  of  1860,  462-465.  —  Douglas's  Report  (Jan.  4, 
1854),  Senate  Reports,  33  Cong.,  1  sess.,  I,  No.  15;  Am. 
Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  17.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents, 
Nos.  85-87.  —  Appeal  of  the  Independent  Democrats  (Jan. 
19,  1854),  Congressional  Globe,  33  Cong.,  1  sess.,  281,  282; 
Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  17.  —  S.  A.  Douglas's  doctrine, 
Harper's  Magazine,  XIX,  519-537.  —  Debates  between  Lincoln 
and  Douglas,  93-105;  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  II,  218- 
255;  III,  17- -27.  —  Chase's  doctrine,  Congressional  Globe, 
33  Cong.,  1  sess.,  App.  133-140;  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  ch.  v.  —  Charles  Sumner's  doctrine,  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  II,  212.  —  Lincoln's  doctrine,  A.  Johnston, 
Am.  Orations,  III,  3;  Debates  between  Lincoln  and  Douglas, 
1-5,  14-24.  —  Jefferson  Davis's  Resolutions  (May  24,  1860), 
Congressional  Globe,  36  Cong.,  1  sess.,  2310-2335.  —  Con 
temporaries,  IV,  §§  34-40,  44,  66.  —  Source-Book,  §  108 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A. 
Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  593,  596,  597.  —  T. 


§  154]  HISTORICAL  265 

M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  182,  186.  —  S.  F.  Miller, 
Constitution,  638,  639.  —  J.  D.  Andrews,  Am.  Law,  §  187. 
-  H.  W.  Bikle,  Constitutional  Power  of  Congress  over  Terri 
tory,  46-101.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  216- 
219. —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§  461-466.  —  J.  R. 
Tucker,  Constitution,  II,  613-616.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am. 
Republic,  362-371.  —  J.  Ordronaux,  Constitutional  Legis 
lation,  509-519.  —  M.  Farrand,  Legislation  of  Congress  for 
the  Government  of  Organized  Territories.  —  H.  C.  Black, 
Constitutional  Law,  20,  21,  229-235.  —  R.  Johnson,  Remarks 
on  Popular  Sovereignty.  —  A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the 
States,  II,  131-135,  248-262. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Am.  Insurance  Co.  v.  Canter, 
1  Peters,  511;  7  Curtis,  685;  Thayer,  Cases,  350;  McClain, 
Cases,  827;  Boyd,  Cases,  583;  John  Marshall,  Writings, 
373. —  Clinton  v.  Englebrecht,  13  Wallace,  434.  —  U.  S. 
v.  Gratiot,  14  Peters,  526;  13  Curtis,  644.  —  Sere  v.  Pitot, 
6  Cranch,  332;  2  Curtis,  423;  Thayer,  Cases,  349.  —  Murphy 
v.  Ramsey,  114  U.  S.,  15.  — Reynolds  v.  U.  S.,  98  U.  S., 
145;  McClain,  Cases,  883n.  —  Thompson  v.  Utah,  170  U.  S., 
343;  McClain,  Cases,  831.  —  Am.  Publishing  Co.  v.  Fisher, 
166  U.  S.,  464.  —  Guthrie  National  Bank  v.  City  of  Guthrie, 
173  U.  S.,  528.  —  U.  S.  v.  Pridgeon,  153  U.  S.,  48.  —  Capital 
Traction  Co.  v.  Hof,  174  U.  S.,  1.  —  Schuerman  v.  Arizona, 
184  U.  S.,  342.  —  Murphy  v.  Utter,  186  U.  S.,  95.  —  James 
v.  Appel,  192  U.  S.,  129.  —  Kansas  v.  Colorado,  206  U.  S., 
46. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  C.  McLaugh- 
lin,  Lewis  Cass,  235-239,  272-276,  294-296,  326.  —  W.  C. 
Young,  General  Cass,  302,  321,  325,  363,  371.  —  H.  Greeley, 
Am.  Conflict,  I,  224-236.  —  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional 
Hist.,  234-245.  —  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V,  280-289.  - 
J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  III,  281-284.  —  T.  Roosevelt, 
Thomas  H.  Benton,  349,  352.  —  H.  Wilson,  Slave  Power, 
II,  ch.  xxx. 


266  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  154 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1) Under  the  principles  of  popu 
lar  sovereignty  should  the  people  have  elected  their  own 
governor?  —  (2)  Did  the  doctrine  of  popular  sovereignty 
logically  give  to  the  people  of  the  territories  control  of  the 
public  lands?  —  (3)  Is  the  organic  act  of  a  territory  re- 
pealable  without  the  consent  of  the  inhabitants? 

§  155.  Paper  No.  21.  Principles  of  Citizenship  and  Rights 
of  Non-Citizens. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§39-48,  99,  100,  156,  168, 
187,  192.,  225.  —  Guide,  §§179,  185.  —  Brookings  and 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  Nos.  2,  3,  28. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A.  Suther 
land  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  42,  148-156,  501,  569,  572, 
627-675,  696-699,  708,  728,  738.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  ch.  xix.  —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  ch.  vi. 
—  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxiv. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Worcester  v.  Georgia,  6  Peters,  515; 
10  Curtis,  214;  Thayer,  Cases,  583;  Boyd,  Cases,  590.- 
Minor  v.  Happersett,  21  Wallace,  162;  Thayer,  Cases,  459; 
McClain,  Cases,  974.  —  Civil  Rights  Cases,  109  U.  S.,  3; 
Thayer,  Cases,  554;  McClain,  Cases,  37n;  Boyd,  Cases,  518. 
-  Elk  v.  Wilkins,  112  U.  S.,  94;  Thayer,  Cases,  587;  McClain, 
Cases,  969;  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  230.  —  United  States 
v.  Wong  Kim  Ark,  169  U.  S.,  649;  McClain,  Cases,  964. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Von  Holstr 
United  States,  VI,  1-47.  —  H.  Greeley,  Am.  Conflict,  I, 
251-279.  —  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Congress,  II, 
chs.  ii,  ix-xii.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  II, 
375-381.  — J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  I,  478-608;  II,  375- 
381;  III,  822.  —  F.  N.  Thorpe,  Constitutional  Hist.,  II, 
ch.  ix.  —  W.  M.  Meigs,  Growth  of  the  Constitution,  138-140, 
257.  —  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch.  xv. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  2,  §§1,  2; 
sect.  3,  §  3;  sect.  4,  §  1;  sect.  8,  §  4;  sect.  9,  §§2,  3; 


§  155]  HISTORICAL  267 

sect.  10,  §  1;  Art.  Ill,  sects.  1,  2;  sect.  3,  §  2;  Art.  IV, 
sect.  2,  §  1 ;  Amendments  I-XV.  —  Contemporaries,  IV, 
§§  152,  155,  205,  208.  —  U.  S.  Revised  Statutes,  347-351, 
378-380;  Supplement  I,  68,  342,  458-461,  534,  556.  —  J.  C. 
Calhoun,  Works,  II,  242.  —  Congressional  Globe,  39  Cong., 
1  sess.,  1757,  1779,  1780,  2890,  2893,  3039,  3041.  — W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Documents,  No.  17. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS. — T.  M.  Cooley, 
Constitutional  Law,  89,  123,  136,  137,  206-208,  268-274.  - 
J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  512-529.  —  W.  O. 
Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  155-185.  —  J.  D.  Andrews, 
Am.  Law,  ch.  xxvii.  —  S.  F.  Miller,  Constitution,  ch.  vi, 
also  653-679. —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  206- 
209,  235,  236,  256,  385-390.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries, 
§§  1097-1104,  1697-1701,  1928-1975.  —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Con 
stitution,  I,  343-348;  II,  851-854.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commen 
taries,  §§  431-438.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional 
System,  chs.  xv,  xvi,  xvii.  —  A.  R.  Bailey,  A  New  Nation 
(Harvard  Law  Review,  IX,  309).  —  E.  J.  Smith,  Legal  Aspect 
of  the  Southern  Question  (Ibid.,  II,  358).  —  Charles  E. 
Shattuck,  Meaning  of  the  term  u  Liberty"  in  National  and 
State  Constitutions  (Ibid.,  IV,  365).  — E.  McClain,  Federal 
Protection  against  State  Power  (Ibid.,  VI,  405).  —  C.  E.  Boyd, 
Basis  of  Citizenship  (Nation,  LXVII,  10).  —  C.  S.  Patterson, 
U.  S.  and  the  States,  ch.  xi. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Rhodes,  1  Abbott  (U.  S.), 
28;  Thayer,  Cases,  506,  510.  —  Slaughter  House  Cases,  16 
Wallace,  36;  Thayer,  Cases,  516;  McClain,  Cases,  18;  Boyd, 
Cases,  491.  — Sere  v.  Pitot,  6  Cranch,  332;  2  Curtis,  453; 
Thayer,  Cases,  349.  —  Callan  v.  Wilson,  127  U.  S.,  540; 
Thayer,  Cases,  358;  McClain,  Cases,  834.  —  Barron  v.  Mayor 
of  Baltimore,  7  Peters,  243;  10  Curtis,  464;  Thayer,  Cases, 
449;  Boyd,  Cases,  467.  —  Corfield  v.  Coryell,  4  Washington 
C.  C.  471;  Thayer,  Cases,  453;  Boyd,  Cases,  505.  —  Roby  v. 
Smith,  131  Ind.,  342;  Thayer,  Cases,  457.  —  Pembina  Co.  v. 


268  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  155 

Pennsylvania,  127  U.  S.,  678;  Thayer;  Cases,  468.  —  Dred 
Scott  v.  Sandford,  19  Howard,  393;  2  Miller,  1;  Thayer, 
Cases,  480;  Boyd,  Cases,  491.  —  Strauder  v.  West  Virginia, 
100  U.  S.,  303;  Thayer,  Cases,  543;  Ex  parte  Yarbrough, 
110  U.  S.,  651;  Thayer,  Cases,  551.  —  People  v.  King, 
110  N.  Y.,  418;  Thayer,  Cases,  568.  —  Lehew  v.  Brum- 
mel,  103  Mo.  546;  Thayer,  Cases,  574.  —  Welton  v.  Mis 
souri,  91  U.  S.  275;  Thayer,  Cases,  1957.  —  Davidson  v. 
New  Orleans,  96  U.  S.,  97;  Thayer,  Cases,  610.  —  In 
re  Jacobs,  98  N.  Y.,  98;  Thayer,  Cases,  627.  —  Powell  v. 
Pennsylvania,  127  U.  S.,  678;  Thayer,  Cases,  637.— 
Lent  v.  Tillson,  140  U.  S.,  316;  Thayer,  Cases,  654.- 
Blake  v.  McClung,  172  U.  S.,  239;  McClain,  Cases,  859.  - 
Riggins  v.  U.  S.,  199  U.  S.,  547.  —  Martin  v.  Texas,  200 
U.  S.,  316.  —  Cox  v.  Texas,  202  U.  S:,  446.  —  In  re  Look 
Tin  Sing,  10  Sawyer,  353;  Thayer,  Cases,  578.  —  U.  S.  v. 
Kagama,  118  U.  S.,  375;  Thayer,  Cases,  591.  —  Hurt  ado  v. 
California,  110  U.  S.,  516;  Thayer,  Cases,  616;  McClain, 
Cases,  905.  —  Yick  Wo  v.  Hopkins,  118  U.  S.,  356;  Thayer, 
Cases,  774;  McClain,  Cases,  917.  —  Fong  Yue  Ting  v.  U.  S., 
149  U.  S.,  698;  Thayer,  Cases,  374;  McClain,  Cases,  567n.  - 
Chinese  Exclusion  Case,  130  U.  S.  581;  McClain,  Cases,  562. 
-  Ah  Sin  v.  Wittman,  198  U.  S.,  500.  —  U.  S.  v.  Lee  Huen, 
118  Fed.,  442.  —  United  States  v.  Ju  Toy,  198  U.  S.,  253. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Is  a  negro  citizen  of  Massa 
chusetts  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  white  citizens  if  he 
removes  to  South  Carolina?  —  (2)  May  a  man  be  deprived 
of  suffrage  because  his  grandfather  was  a  slave? — (3)  Is 
an  alien  entitled  to  trial  by  jury? 

§  156.   Paper  No.  22.   Doctrine  of  Secession. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§47,  48,  97,  98,  105,  106, 
141,  149.  —  Guide,  §§  204-208. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  T.  Curtis, 
Constitutional  Hist,  II,  1-47,  80-83,  289-338.  —  W.  W. 


§  156]  HISTORICAL  269 

Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  iii,  iv.  —  J.  Davis, 
Confederate  Government,  I,  108-184.  —  A.  H.  Stephens, 
War  between  the  States,  I,  477-522.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  25-44. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Texas  v.  White,  7  Wallace,  700;  Thayer, 
Cases,  302;  Boyd,  Cases,  552.  —  Keith  v.  Clark,  97  U.  S., 
454. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSION.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Buchanan,  II,  ch.  xv.  — 
J.  W.  Burgess,  Civil  War  and  the  Constitution,  I,  ch.  iv.  — 
F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation, 
XIX),  chs.  viii-x,  xii. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Preamble;  Art.  I,  sect.  8, 
§§  1,  10-18;  Art.  Ill,  sects.  2,  3;  Art.  IV,  sect.  4;  Art.  VI, 
§  2;  Amends.  IX,  X.  —  Official  Southern  view,  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  12.  —  Lincoln's  view,  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  18; 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  5,  20;  A. 
Lincoln,  Works,  II,  1,  55.  —  Original  Ordinances  of  ratifica 
tion,  P.  C.  Centz,  Republic  of  Republics,  523-528.  —  W. 
Hickey,  Constitution,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  Elliot,  Debates,  V,  319-335. 
—  Contemporary  speeches,  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations, 
III,  230-330.  —  Southern  arguments,  A.  H.  Stephens,  War 
between  the  States,  I,  17-49,  441-452,  522-539;  II,  5-15, 
26-34,  263-271;  J.  Davis,  Confederate  Government,  I,  passim; 
Contemporaries,  IV,  §  §  53-55,  62.  —  Contemporary  docu 
ments,  Pike,  First  Blows  of  the  Civil  War;  W.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  32,  94,  97;  Contemporaries,  III, 
§  123;  IV,  §§  56,  61.  —  Buchanan's  View,  J.  D.  Richardson, 
Messages  and  Papers,  V,  628,  655;  J.  Buchanan,  Mr.  Bu 
chanan's  Administration  on  the  Eve  of  the  Rebellion. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story, 
Commentaries,  §§306-372,  467-481.  — R.  Foster,  Commen 
taries,  I,  116-119,  163-205. —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Law,  27-31.  —  W.  O.  Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  138, 
139. —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  I,  338-340,  347,  348; 


270  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  156 

II,  588-597.  —  C.  W.  Loring,  Nullification  and  Secession.  - 
W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  129,  240-242, 
684.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  64-93.  —  H.  C. 
Black,  Constitutional  Law,  28-33.  —  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of 
the  Civil  War,  I,  chs.  i-iv.  —  b.  P.  Powell,  Nullification  and 
Secession.  —  J.  C.  Hurd,  Theory  of  our  National  Existence, 
88,  105,  145,  286. —J.  L.  M.  Curry,  Southern  States  and 
Am.  Union,  ch.  x. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  White  v.  Hart,  13  Wallace,  646; 
Thayer,  Cases,  259.  —  Sprott  v.  United  States,  20  Wallace, 
459.  —Williams  v.  Bruffy,  96  U.  S.  176. 

ADDITIONAL    HISTORICAL    DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.    T.    Morse, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  ch.  viii.  —  H.  Greeley,  Am.  Conflict,  I, 
ch.  xxii.  —  J.  W.  Draper,  Civil  War,  I,  chs.  xxvi,  xxvii.  - 
J.    Davis,    Confederate    Government,    I,    70-77,    185-192.  - 
J.   G.   Blaine,   Twenty   Years  of  Congress,   I,   chs.   x,   xi.  — 
J.  Schouler,   United  States,  V,   ch.  xiv.  —  H.  Wilson,  Slave 
Power,  III,  1-10,  100-126.  —  S.  W.  McCall,  Thaddeus  Stevens, 
115-130.  — T.  S.  Goodwin,  Natural  Hist,  of  Secession,  chs. 
xxvi,  xxvii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Had  Texas  any  greater  con 
stitutional  right  of  secession  than  South  Carolina?  —  (2) 
Granting  the  right  of  secession,  did  Fort  Sumter  revert  to 
South  Carolina?  —  (3)  Did  Virginia  reserve  a  right  of  seces 
sion  in  1788? 

§  157.    Paper  No.  23.    Responsibility  for  the  Civil  War. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  47-50.  —  Guide,  §  §  203, 
206-209. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III,  chs.  xiii,  xiv.  — G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist., 
II,  ch.  x.  —  F.  E.  Chadwick,  Causes  of  the  Civil  War  (Am. 
Nation,  XIX),  chs.  i-iv,  viii-xi,  xvi-xviii.  — J.  W.  Burgess, 
Civil  War  and  the  Constitution,  I,  chs.  iv-vii.  —  F.  Bancroft, 
W.  H.  Seward,  I,  chs.  xiv-xvi,  xviii-xxi,  xxiii,  xxiv. 


§  157]  HISTORICAL  271 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  J.  L.  Motley,  Causes  of  the  Civil 
War  (Living  Age,  LXX,  9).  —  S.  Webster,  Responsibility 
for  Secession  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  VIII,  268).  —  F.  Bancroft, 
Final  Efforts  at  Compromise  (Ibid,  VI,  401). 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§49-74.  —  W.  Mac- 
Donald,  Select  Documents,  Nos.  93-96.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets, 
Nos.  18,  26.  —  Congressional  Globe,  36  Cong.,  2  sess., 
passim,  especially  1114  (Crittenden's  plan),  794,  (Vallandig- 
ham's),  1254  (Peace  Conference),  690  (Kellogg's),  283, 
379  (Clark's).  —  Senate  Executive  Documents,  36  Cong.,  2 
sess.,  IV,  No.  2  (Message  of  Feb.  19).  —  Senate  Reports,  36 
Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  288  (Committee  of  13).  —  House  Mis 
cellaneous,  36  Cong.,  2  sess.  —  House  Reports,  36  Cong., 
2  sess.,  I,  No.  31  (Committee  of  33).  —  Opinions  of  Attor 
neys  General,  IX,  522-526  (Black).  — Am.  Annual  Cyclo 
paedia,  1861,  pp.  166-225  (Congress),  562-568  (Peace 
Conference).  —  L.  E.  Chittenden,  Reports  of  the  Debates  and 
Proceedings  of  the  Conference  Convention;  Official  Journal 
of  the  Conference  Convention.  —  Lincoln's  Inaugural  and 
Messages,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  VI, 
5-12,  20-31,  44-58;  A.  Lincoln,  Works,  II,  1-7,  55-66, 
93-106. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  Greeley,  Am. 
Conflict,  I,  chs.  xxiii-xxv.  —  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V, 
ch.  xxii.  —  J.  Macy,  Political  Parties  in  the  U.  S.,  chs.  vii- 
xxii.  —  J.  Davis,  Confederate  Government,  I,  438-440.  — 
A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the  States,  II,  17-53.  —  J.  S. 
Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  162-165.  —  J.  G.  Nicolay, 
Outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  chs.  i-v.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P. 
Chase,  chs.  vii,  viii.  —  G.  Lunt,  Origin  of  the  War,  chs.  xii, 
xiii,  xvi,  xvii,  xix,  xx.  —  J.  R.  Lowell,  Political  Essays, 
118-152.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  chs.  vii,  viii.  — 
J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Congress,  I,  chs.  i,  x-xii.  — 
H.  Wilson,  Slave  Power,  III,  chs.  i-vii.  —  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story 
of  the  Civil  War,  I,  chs.  i-v.  —  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham 


272  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  157 

Lincoln,  II,  chs.  xvii-xxix;  III.  —  T.  K.  Lothrop,  William 
H.  Seward,  chs.  xii,  xiii.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Buchanan, 
II,  chs.  xv-xxiv.  —  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am. 
Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xvii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Would  different  behavior 
by  the  abolitionists  have  prevented  the  Civil  War?  —  (2) 
Could  James  Buchanan  have  prevented  the  war?  —  (3) 
Could  Jefferson  Davis  have  been  tried  for  treason  previous 
to  the  secession  of  Mississippi? 

§  158.   Paper  No.  24.   Lincoln's  Democracy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,    §§  47-50.  —  Guide,    §  208.  - 
D.  Fish,  Lincoln  Literature. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  I,  92,  492;  II,  62,  70,  266-268,  308,  344,  430-432,  457, 
473,  500-502;  III,  300-305,  316-320,  334;  439,  631-633; 
IV,  69-76,  120,  157-162,  199-216,  296-298,  350-354,  419- 
425,  460-464,  518-522,  531-539;  V,  82-137. —  J.  T.  Morse, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  456,  457;  II,  23,  93-97,  322,  403.  - 
A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the  States,  I,  442-445,  520; 
II,  34,  35,  40,  49,  263-269,  277,  278,  346,  351,  409-420, 
433-463.  —  C.  Schurz,  Abraham  Lincoln. 

SOURCES.  — Contemporaries,  IV,  §§44,  50,  66,  96,  97, 
101,  126-128,  145.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  18.  —  J.  D. 
Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  1—297,  especially 
5-12,  (first  Inaugural);  20-31,  (message  of  July,  4,  1861); 
44-58,  126-142,  179-181,  243-255  (annual  messages);  276, 
(second  Inaugural);  157-159  (Proclamation  of  Emancipa 
tion).— A.  Lincoln,  Works,  especially  I,  178-209,  226-235, 
240-245,273-518  (Lincoln-Douglas  Debates);  II,  1-7  (first 
Inaugural);  55-66  (message  of  July  4,  1861);  93-106,  261- 
277,  445-456,  604-615  (Annual  messages);  656  (second 
Inaugural) ;  439  (Gettysburg  Address) ;  287,  288  (Proclama 
tion  of  Emancipation).  —  L.  E.  Chittenden,  Abraham  Lin 
coln's  Speeches.  —  Abraham  Lincoln,  Tributes  from  his 


§  158]  HISTORICAL  273 

Associates  (including  G.  W.  Curtis,  G.  S.  Boutwell,  G.  F. 
Hoar,  F.  B.  Sanborn). 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  Nicolay  and 
Hay,  Abraham  Lincoln,  especially  II,  chs.  viii,  ix,  xi;  III, 
ch.  xxi;  VII,  chs.  vi,  viii,  xv,  xix;  VIII,  ch.  vii;  IX,  chs. 
iii,  v,  viii,  xvi;  X,  ch.  xviii.  —  J.  K.  Hosmer,  Appeal  to 
Arms  (Am.  Nation.  XX)  ch.  xiv.  —  F.  E.  Chad  wick,  Causes 
of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XIX),  ch.  xvii.  —  C.  L.  C. 
Minor,  The  Real  Lincoln.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Civil  War  and 
the  Constitution,  I,  chs.  i,  iii;  II,  ch.  xvi  —  H.  Greeley, 
Am.  Conflict,  I,  301,  302,  321-326,  418-429,  452-461,  466- 
470;  II,  251,  253,  257,  259,  490-492,  528,  562-564,  673, 
675-677,  747,  748.  —  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  V,  76,  77, 
80,  81,  112,  127,  128,  411-416,  459-465,  493-502;  VI,  1-23, 
111-126,  215-232,  463-477,  519-527,  565-568,  607-616, 
622-633.  — H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States,  VI,  267-300; 
VII,  165-186,  244,  245.  —  J.  W.  Draper,  Civil  War,  I,  506; 
II,  13-20,  36-38,  590-611;  III,  476-479,  601,  626-630. 
-  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Congress,  I,  133,  140-150, 
168-172,  279-299,  309-311,  332-336,  350-354,  371,  435, 
438-448,  453-457,  488-496,  503,  514-517,  528-536,  546- 
549;  II,  15-17.  — H.  Wilson,  Slave  Power,  II,  203,  204, 
566-577,  692-695;  III,  1,  173-183,  213,  221-224,  246-250, 
516-528,  560-590.  — A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  187- 
198,  202-212,  260-270,  290-299,  302-333,  430-432.- 
J.  H.  Choate,  Abraham  Lincoln.  —  C.  A.  Dana,  Lincoln  and 
his  Cabinet.  —  H.  Watterson,  Abraham  Lincoln.  —  A.  K. 
McClure,  Abraham  Lincoln.  —  J.  R.  Lowell,  Political  Essays, 
75-91.  — J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of  the  Civil  War,  I,  ch.  v. - 
J.  G.  Nicolay,  Outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  ch.  iv.  —  S.  McCall, 
Thaddeus  Stevens,  111-113,  136-140,  185,  186,  192-199, 
216-226.  —  T.  K.  Lothrop,  William  H.  Seward,  209-211, 
231-233,  244-255,  279,  280,  332-386.  —  J.  Davis,  Confed 
erate  Government,  I,  322-325.  —  Lives  of  Lincoln  by  H.  J. 
Raymond,  J.  G.  Holland,  W,  H.  Lamon,  W.  H.  Herndon 


274  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  158 

and  J.  W.  Weik,  I.  N.  Arnold,  A.  T.  Rice,  N.  Hapgood,  and 
N.  Brooks. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  Lincoln  expect  negro 
suffrage? — (2) Would  Lincoln  have  favored  a  property 
qualification  in  the  Chicago  of  to-day?  —  (3)  Did  Lincoln 
yield  to  what  he  believed  to  be  popular  sentiment? 

§  159.   Paper  No.  25.   Military  Powers  of  the  President. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  49,  50,  81,  82,  85,  86,  121, 
122,  141,  178,  188.  —  Guide,  §§  213,  214. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy, 

Constitutional  Law,  §§431-436,  441-482,  662-668,  703-714. 

— W.  A.   Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  201,  202, 

223,  224,  469-476.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  History,  II, 

668-686.  —  W.A.  Dunning,  Civil  War  and  Reconstruction,  ch.  i. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Prize  Cases,  2  Black,  635;  4  Miller, 
876;  Thayer,  Cases,  2339;  McClain,  Cases,  515;  Boyd,  Cases, 
342.  —  Fleming  v.  Page,  9  Howard,  603;  18  Curtis,  278.  - 
—  Ex  parte  Merryman,  Taney's  Reports,  246;  Thayer, 
Cases,  2361.  — Martin  v.  Mott,  12  Wheaton,  19;  7  Curtis, 
10;  Thayer,  Cases,  2290;  McClain,  Cases,  518;  Boyd,  Cases, 
338.  —  Lincoln  v.  U.  S.,  197  U.  S.,  419. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  III,  181-192,  216-251;  283-287,  325-360,  364,  394, 
438,  486,  553-558;  IV,  55,  69-76,  157-172,  212-215,  227- 
236,  245-255,  416-418.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Buchanan,  II, 
330-365.  —  J.  C.  Ropes,  Story  of  the  Civil  War,  I,  chs.  v-vii. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Preamble;  Art.  I,  sect.  1; 
sect.  8,  §§  11,  15;  sect.  9,  §§  2,  6;  sect.  10,  §  3;  Art.  II, 
sect.  1,  §§  1,  7;  sect.  2,  §  1;  sect.  3.  —  Lincoln's  view,  A. 
Lincoln,  Works,  II,  1,  11,  32,  34-36,  55,  239;  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  Nos.  12,  18,  26;  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1861), 
pp.  600-607;  Congressional  Globe,  36  Cong.,  2  sess.,  1433- 
1435;  37  Cong.,  1  sess.,  App.  1-4;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mes 
sages  and  Papers,  V,  626;  VI,  5,  13,  14,  98,  157,  170.— 


I  159]  HISTORICAL  275 

Speech  of  J.  A.  Bayard  on  executive  usurpation,  Congres 
sional  Globe,  37  Cong.,  1  sess.,  App.  12-19.  —  Speech  of 
M.  S.  Latham,  Congressional  Globe,  37  Cong.,  1  sess.,  19-22. 
-  Statutes  of  July  13  and  22,  1861,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large, 
XII,  255,  268.  —  J.  Buchanan,  Buchanan's  Administration, 
108—134.  —  J.  S.  Black's  view,  Opinions  of  Attorneys  General, 
IX,  516-526.  —  General  Scott's  views,  J.  Buchanan, 
Buchanan's  Administration,  99-108.  —  South  Carolina  Cor 
respondence,  Congressional  Globe,  36  Cong.,  2  sess.,  817- 
819.  _  D.  Webster,  Works,  III,  448-505.  —  J.  C.  Calhoun, 
Works,  II,  262-309.  —  Acts  of  May  2,  1792;  Feb.  28,  1795; 
March  3,  1807;  July  29,  1861;  May  30,  1870;  April  20,  1871; 
U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  I,  264,  424;  II,  443;  XII,  281,  282; 
XVI,  140-146;  XVII,  13-15. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Story, 
Commentaries,  §§  1199-1215,  1490-1492,  1564,  1799-1801. 
-T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  114,  121,  156,  157, 
315-317.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  172-174.  - 
W.  O.  Bateman,  Constitutional  Law,  290,  291.  — J.  R. 
Tucker,  Constitution,  II,  581-584,  643-649,  71&-718,  748, 
749.  — J.  D.  Andrews,  Am.  Law,  §§  252,  253,  376,  377.- 
E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxii.  —  F.  Wharton, 
Commentaries,  §  §  502,  503.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional 
Law,  §  68.  —  S.  F.  Miller,  Constitution,  162-164.  —  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  National  Administration,  32-38.  —  J.  W.  Burgess, 
Civil  War  and  the  Constitution,  I,  226-236.  —  W.  Whiting, 
War  Powers  of  the  President.  —  W.  Whiting,  Military  Gov 
ernment  of  Hostile  Territory.  —  W.  Whiting,  War  Powers 
under  the  Constitution.  —  A.  Conkling,  Powers  of  the  Exec 
utive  Department,  80—88. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Luther  v.  Borden,  7  Howard,  1; 
17  Curtis,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  193,  254,  2352,  2391;  McClain, 
Cases,  595;  Boyd,  Cases,  647.  —  The  Grapeshot,  9  Wallace, 
129. —  United  States  v.  Eliason,  16  Peters,  291;  14  Curtis, 
304.  —  Mississippi  v.  Johnson,  4  Wallace,  475;  Thayer, 


276  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  159 

Cases,  196;  McClain,  Cases,  102;  Boyd,  Cases,  652.  — 
Houston  v.  Moore,  5  Wheaton,  1 ;  4  Curtis,  535.  —  The 
Protectro,  12  Wallace,  700.  —  Cross  v.  Harrison,  16  Howard, 
164;  21  Curtis,  66.  —  Opinion  of  the  Justices,  8  Mass.,  547; 
Thayer,  Cases,  2287.  — Ex  parte  Milligan,  4  Wallace,  2; 
Thayer,  Cases,  2376;  Boyd,  Cases,  351.  —  Mitchell  v.  Clark, 
110  U.  S.,  633;  Thayer,  Cases,  2402.  —  U.  S.  v.  Freeman, 
3  Howard,  118.  —  Gratiot  v.  U.  S.,  4  Howard,  118.- 
Kurtz  v.  Moffit,  115  U.  S.,  503.  —  Swaim  v.  U.  S.,  165  U.  S., 
553.  —  Downes  v.  Bidwell,  182  U.  S.,  244.  —  Dooley  v.  U.  S., 
182  U.  S.,  222.  —  Diamond  Rings  Cases,  183  U.  S.,  176. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  T.  Morse, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  I,  chs.  vii,  viii.  —  J.  Davis,  Confederate 
Government,  I,  263-328.  —  J.  W.  Draper,  Civil  War,  I, 
558-567.  —  E.  A.  Pollard,  Lost  Cause,  103-111.  — H. 
Greeley,  Am.  Conflict,  I,  428-478.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Consti 
tutional  Hist.,  I,  578,  579;  II,  304,  305.  —  J.  K.  Hosmer, 
Outcome  of  the  Civil  War  (Am.  Nation,  XXI),  ch.  i.  — 
A.  H.  Stephens,  War  between  the  States,  II,  34-44,  344-355. 
-  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  in  Congress,  I,  292-300.  - 
G.  C.  Gorham,  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  I,  chs.  xiii,  xiv. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  a  President  carry  on 
military  operations  without  a  declaration  of  war?  —  (2) 
Could  the  President  have  arrested  and  confined  a  member 
of  Congress  during  the  Civil  War?  —  (3)  Could  the  Presi 
dent  order  the  confiscation  of  property  as  a  war  measure? 

§  160.  Paper  No.  26.  Constitutional  Principles  of  Reconstruc 
tion. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  49,  50,  97,  98,  105,  106. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A.  Dun 
ning,  Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  chs.  iii-vii.  — 
G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  339-396.  —  W.  A, 
Dunning,  Civil  War  and  Reconstruction,  chs.  ii,  iii,  iv,  vi.  — 
R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  205-268.  —  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto 
Power,  151-155. 


§  160]  HISTORICAL  277 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Mississippi  v.  Johnson,  4  Wallace,  475; 

Thayer,  Cases,  196;  McClain,  Cases,  102;  Boyd,  Cases,  652. 

-Texas  v.   White,   7   Wallace,   700;   Thayer,   Cases,   302; 

Boyd,  Cases,  552.  —  Keith  v.  Clark,  97  U.  S.,  454.  —  White 

v.  Hart,  13  Wallace,  646;  Thayer,  Cases,  259. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Re 
construction  and  the  Constitution.  —  W.  A.  Dunning,  Recon 
struction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII).  —  E.  B.  Andrews,  Last 
Quarter  Century,  I,  chs.  i,  v,  vi. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  2,  §§3,  4; 
sect.  3,  §§1,  2;  sect.  4,  §  1;  sect.  5,  §§  1,  2;  sect.  7, 
§  2;  sect.  10;  Art.  II,  sect.  2;  Art.  Ill,  sect.  2;  Art.  IV, 
sect.  2,  §  1;  sect.  3,  §  1;  sect.  4;  Art.  V;  Art.  VI,  §  2; 
Art.  VII;  Amendments  IX;  X;  XIII-XV.  —  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §§  141-157.  —  Source-Book,  §§  127-132.  —  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  26.  —  Lincoln's  Proclamation  (Sept.  22,  1862), 
Works,  II,  239.  —  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1861),  pp.  725, 
726;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  96.  — 
Proclamation  (Jan.  1,  1863),  A.  Lincoln,  Works,  II,  287,  288; 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  157.  —  Con 
temporary  Speeches,  A.  Johnston,  Am.  Orations,  IV,  129, 
141,  149,  168,  181.  — Reconstruction  Acts,  U.  S.  Statutes 
at  Large,  XIV,  37,  173,  428;  XV,  2,  14,  72,  73,  83,  193.- 
Johnson's  vetoes,  Congressional  Globe,  39  Cong.,  1  sess., 
915,  1679,  3849;  39  Cong.,  2  sess.,  1969;  40  Cong.,  1  sess., 
313,  741;  40  Cong.,  2  sess.,  3330,  3484,  4235.  —  J.  D.  Rich 
ardson,  Messages,  VI,  353,  372,  395,  445,  498,  521,  531,  536, 
545,  558,  583,  648,  672.  —  E.  McPherson,  Reconstruction, 
Parts  i,  ii.  —  Johnson's  Proclamations,  J.  D.  Richardson, 
Messages  and  Papers,  VI,  310-334,  429,  655-660,  710; 
Congressional  Globe,  38  Cong.,  1  sess.,  part  4,  pp.  3448,  3449. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  I.  C. 
Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  I,  131,  509;  II,  747,  948.  —  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  R.  Tucker, 
Constitution,  I,  338-341.  — W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the 


278  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  160 

Constitution,  201,  240-243.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§176,  181.  — H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  25-27.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law,  190,  191,  216. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Gunn  v.  Barry,  15  Wallace,  610.  - 
White  v.  Cannon,  6  Wallace,  443.  —  U.   S.   v.  Keehler,  9 
Wallace,  83.  —  Hickman  v.  Jones,  9  Wallace,  197.  —  Sprott 
v.  U.  S.,  20  Wallace,  459.  —  Williams  v.  Bruffy,  96  U.  S., 
176.  —  Ketchum  v.  Buckley,  99  U.  S.,  188. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,. 
United  States,  V,  ch.  xxx;  VI,  chs.  xxxi-xxxiv,  xxxvii, 
also  pp.  168-204,  244-246;  VII,  chs.  xli,  xlii,  also  pp.  285- 
291.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  chs.  xiii,  xiv.  —  G.  C. 
Gorham,  E.  M.  Stanton,  II,  chs.  xc-cix.  —  J.  S.  Landon, 
Constitutional  Hist.,  250-261.  — M.  Storey,  Charles  Sum- 
ner,  chs.  xvi,  xviii.  —  W.  H.  Barnes,  Thirty-Ninth  Congress, 
chs.  iii,  vi-xiii,  xvii-xx,  xxii.  —  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years- 
of  Congress,  II,  3-465.  —  H.  Wilson,  Slave  Power,  III,  603- 
630.  —  C.  E.  Chadsey,  Struggle  between  President  Johnson 
and  Congress.  —  E.  G.  Scott,  Reconstruction  during  Civil 
War.  —  F.  W.  Moore,  Representation  of  Seceding  States  (Am. 
Hist.  Review,  II,  279,  461). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  a  State  forfeit  its- 
privileges  in  the  Union  while  remaining  a  State  of  the 
Union?  —  (2)  May  Congress  divide  a  State  which  is  in  arms 
against  the  government,  without  its  consent?  —  (3)  Could 
Congress  have  affixed  as  a  condition  of  the  entrance  of 
Utah  into  the  Union  that  it  ratify  an  amendment  to  the 
Federal  Constitution  prohibiting  polygamy? 

§  161.   Paper  No.  27.   Regulation  of  Commerce. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  119,  120,  222. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A.  Suther 
land,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  95-148,  234,  365,  444-456.  - 
J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  427-503,   1256-1262.— 
T.  H.  Calvert,  Regulation  of  Commerce.  —  E.  McClain,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  84-93. 


§  161]  HISTORICAL  279 

SELECT  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Brigantine  "William/'  Am. 
Law  Journal,  II,  255;  Thayer,  Cases,  1786.  —  Gibbons 
v.  Ogden,  9  Wheaton,  1;  6  Curtis,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  730, 
1799;  McClain,  Cases,  235;  Boyd,  Cases,  172;  John  Mar 
shall,  Writings,  287.  —  Passenger  Cases,  7  Howard,  283; 
17  Curtis,  122;  Thayer,  Cases,  1865;  Boyd,  Cases,  219. 

—  Pensacola  Telegraph  Co.   v.   Western   Union  Telegraph 
Co.,  96  U.  S.,  1;  Thayer,  Cases,  1985;  McClain,  Cases,  252.  - 
U.  S.  v.  Rio  Grande  Dam  and  Navigation  Co.,  174  U.  S., 
690;  McClain,  Cases,  297. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National 
Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  chs.  xiii,  xvi.  —  J.  B.  McMaster, 
United  States,  III,  276-339.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States, 
I,  200-220. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  §§  3,  18; 
sect.  9,  §§  1,  5,  6;  sect.  10,  §  2;  Art.  IV,  sect.  2,  §  1;  Art. 
VI,  §  2.  —  Thomas  Jefferson,  Messages  of  Oct.  27  and 
Dec.  18,  1807,  Statesman's  Manual,  I,  200-203,  204;  Annals 
of  Congress,  10  Cong.,  1  sess.,  14,  50;  J.  D.  Richardson,  Mes 
sages,  I,  425.  —  Embargo  Acts,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  II, 
451,  453,  473,  499;  W.  MacDonald,  Select  Documents, 
Nos.  27,  28.  —  Debates,  Annals  of  Congress,  10  Cong., 
1  sess.,  50,  51,  1216-1220;  T.  H.  Benton,  Abridgment,  III, 
640-644,  678-707.  —  Contemporary  Discussions,  M.  Carey, 
The  Olive  Branch,  chs.  xxiv,  xxv;  J.  Q.  Adams,  Memoirs, 
I,  491,  535.  —  E.  Quincy,  Josiah  Quincy,  127-130,  139,  183. 
-T.  Jefferson,  Writings  (Washington  ed.),  V,  226-243.- 
Niles'  Register,  XXXV,  138.  —  W.  W.  Story,  Joseph  Story, 
I,  165,  174-187,  223.  —  Federalist  (Ford  ed.),  65-72,  276; 
(Scott  ed.),  234-236.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §  54;  IV,  §  165. 

—  Source-Book,  §  81. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  C.  S.  Pat 
terson,  U.  S.  and  the  States,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§321-384.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  II, 
§§  1056-1100. —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law  (2d  ed.), 


280  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  161 

63-79.— W.  O.  Bateman,  Constitutional  Law.  §§  215-224. 
-J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  519-558.  —  J.  D.  Andrews, 
Am.  Law,  ch.  xvi.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§  418- 
430.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law,  186-207,  368.— 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations,  681-691,  845,  846, 
872-875.  —  E.  Freund,  Police  Power,  §§70-85,  372-394.- 
E.  P.  Prentice,  Federal  Power  over  Carriers  and  Corpora 
tions,  chs.  i-v.  —  S.  F.  Miller,  Constitution,  ch.  ix.  —  B.  H. 
Meyer,  Railway  Legislation  in  the  United  States,  Part  III, 
chs.  i-iv.  —  W.  R.  Rowland,  Police  Power  and  Interstate 
Commerce  (Harvard  Law  Review,  IV,  221).  —  G.  B.  French 
and  Jeremiah  Smith,  Power  of  a  State  to  Divert  an  Inter- 
State  River  (Ibid.,  VIII,  138).  — W.  F.  Dana,  Federal 
Restraints  upon  State  Regulations  of  Railroad  Rates  (Ibid, 
IX,  324).  —  F.  W.  Hackett,  Power  of  Congress  to  Prescribe 
Railroad  Rates  (Ibid,  XX,  127.)  —  V.  Morawetz,  Power  of 
Congress  to  Regulate  Railroad  Rates  (Ibid,  XVIII,  572).- 
A.  Moot,  Railway  Rate  Regulation. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Brown  v.  Maryland,  12  Wheaton, 
419;  7  Curtis,  262;  Thayer,  Cases,  1826;  McClain,  Cases, 
303;  Boyd,  Cases,  192;  John  Marshall,  Writings,  358.- 
Willson  v.  Blackbird  Creek  Marsh  Co.,  2  Peters,  245;  8 
Curtis,  105;  Thayer,  Cases,  1837;  McClain,  Cases,  273; 
Boyd,  Cases,  216.  —  License  Cases,  5  Howard,  504;  16  Cur 
tis,  513;  Thayer,  Cases,  1851;  Boyd,  Cases,  204.  —  Cooley 
v.  Port  Wardens,  12  Howard,  299;  19  Curtis,  143;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1879;  McClain,  Cases,  275;  Boyd,  Cases,  235.  - 
Pennsylvania  v.  Wheeling  Bridge  Co.,  13  Howard,  518;  19 
Curtis,  621;  Thayer,  Cases,  1889;  McClain,  Cases,  282.- 
Gilman  v.  Philadelphia,  3  Wallace,  713;  Thayer,  Cases, 
1912. —  The  "  Daniel  Ball/'  10  Wallace,  557;  Thayer, 
Cases,  1930;  McClain,  Cases,  260.  —  Escabana  Co.  v.  Chicago, 
107  U.  S.,  678;  Thayer,  Cases,  2002;  McClain,  Cases,  285; 
Boyd,  Cases,  299.  —  Morgan's  Steamship  Co.  v.  Louisiana 
Board  of  Health,  118  U.  S.,  455;  Thayer,  Cases,  2040; 


§  162]  HISTORICAL  281 

McClain,  Cases,  376.  —  Leisy  v.  Hardin,  135  U.  S.,  100; 
Thayer,  Cases,  2104;  McClain,  Cases,  378;  Boyd,  Cases,  269. 
-Luxton  v.  North  River  Bridge  Co.,  153  U.  S.,  525; 
Thayer,  Cases,  2160.  —  Adams  Express  Co.  v.  Ohio  State 
Auditor,  165  U.  S.,  194;  McClain,  Cases,  349.  —  Schollen- 
berger  v.  Pennsylvania,  171  U.  S..  1;  McClain,  Cases,  395.  - 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  v.  Call  Publishing  Co.,  181 
U.  S.,  92.  —  American  Express  Co.  v.  Iowa,  196  U.  S.,  133. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  R.  Hildreth, 
United  States,  VI,  36-44,  69-138.  —  H.  Adams,  United 
States,  IV,  128-475;  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  II,  156- 
204.  —  J.  T.  Morse,  Thomas  Jefferson,  286-320.  —  J.  T. 
Morse,  J.  Q.  Adams,  52-57.  —  T.  Dwight,  Hartford  Con 
vention,  83-106. —  H.  C.  Lodge,  George  Cabot,  367-372, 
374,  382,  395.  — H.  Adams,  Albert  Gallatin,  365-381.- 
G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  II,  7.  —  W.  M.  Meigs, 
Growth  of  the  Constitution,  135-138,  173-175.  —  S.  G. 
Fisher,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution,  225,  293.  —  J.  S. 
Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  349-353.  —  E.  E.  Sparks, 
National  Development  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  iv,  xviii, 
D.  R,  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV), 
chs.  vi,  xii.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a  World  Power 
(Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xviii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  compel  rail 
roads  to  adopt  air  brakes  on  freight  trains  running  wholly 
within  a  single  state? — (2)  May  the  federal  authorities 
forbid  excursion  steamers  to  follow  the  boats  at  the  Pough- 
keepsie  regatta? —  (3)  May  a  state  lay  taxes  on  the  steve 
dores  who  unload  a  steamer  arriving  from  Europe? 

§  162.   Paper  No.  28.   Federal  Control  over  Corporations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  119,  120,  222. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Freund, 
Police  Power,  §§339-356,  375-385,  733,  734.  —  T.  H. 
Calvert,  Regulation  of  Commerce,  ch.  iv.  —  C.  F.  Randolph, 


282  CLASS-BOOM  PAPERS  [§  162 

Federal  Trust  Legislation.  —  E.  P.  Prentice,  Federal  Power 
over  Carriers  and  Corporations,  chs.  vi-viii. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  E.  C.  Knight  Co.,  156  U.  S.,  1; 
Thayer,  Cases,  2185;  McClain,  Cases,  263.  —  Addyston  Pipe 
and  Steel  Co.  v.  U.  S.,  175  U.  S.,  211.  —  Montague  v. 
Lowry,  193  U.  S.,  38.—  Northern  Securities  Co.  v.  U.  S., 
193  U.  S.,  197.  —  Pollock  v.  Farmer's  Loan  and  Trust  Co., 
157  U.  S.,  429;  158  U.  S.,  601;  McClain,  Cases,  223; 
Boyd,  Cases,  91.  — Veazie  Bank  v.  Fenno,  8  Wallace,  533; 
Thayer,  Coses,  1334;  McClain,  Cases,  222;  Boyd,  Cases,  56. 

SOURCES. —  U.  S.  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sect.  8,  §§8,  18. 
—  Contemporaries,  IV,  §201.  —  Interstate  Commerce  Act, 
U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXIV,  379;  Revised  March  2,  1889, 
U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXV,  855.  —  Sherman  Anti-Trust 
Act  (July  2,  1890),  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXVI,  209.- 
Act  of  August  27,  1894,  SuppL.  to  Revised  Statutes,  II, 
333.  —  Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  266  (Act 
of  June  29,  1906).  —  Industrial  Commission,  Reports,  II, 
XIX.  —  Department  of  Labor,  Bulletin,  V,  No.  29,  pp. 
661-831. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  I.  C, 
Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  98,  105,  111,  249,  1310.  —  E.  W. 
Huff  cut,  Constitutional  Aspects  of  Federal  Control  of  Corpo 
rations  (Am.  Law  Review,  XXXIV,  186).  — J.  B.  Clark, 
Control  of  Trusts.  — W.  M.  Collier,  The  Trusts.  What  can 
We  Do  with  Them?  —  A.  B.  Nettleton,  Trusts  or  Competi 
tion.  —  J.  P.  Clark,  Monopolies  and  the  Law  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  XVI,  463).  —  W.  F.  Dana,  Monopoly  under  the 
National  Anti-Trust  Act  (Harvard  Law  Review,  VII,  338).  — 
A.  Russell,  Federal  Jurisdiction  over  State  Corporations 
(Ibid,  VII,  16).— W.  D.  Guthrie,  Constitutionality  of  the 
Sherman  Anti-Trust  Act  (Ibid.,  XI,  80).  — C.  C.  Langdell, 
The  Northern  Securities  Case  and  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust 
Act  (Ibid,  XVI,  539).  — W.  F.  Dana,  The  Supreme  Court 
and  the  Sherman  Act  (Ibid,  XVI,  178).  —  R.  L.  Raymond, 


§  163]  HISTORICAL  283 

Statement  of  the  Trust  Problem  (Ibid,  XVI,  79).  — A.  L. 
Haines,  gower  of  Congress  over  Combinations  Affecting 
Interstate  Commerce  (Ibid.,  XVII,  83).  — C.  C.  Langdell, 
The  Northern  Securities  Case  under  a  New  Aspect  (Ibid., 
XVII,  41).  — F.  Pollock,  The  Merger  Case  and  Restraint  of 
Trade  (Ibid,  XVII,  151).  — B.  Wyman,  The  Law  of  Public 
Callings  as  a  Solution  of  the  Trust  Problem  (Ibid,  XVII, 
156,  217).  —  V.  Morawetz,  The  Anti-Trust  Act  and  the  Merger 
Case  (Ibid,  XVII,  533).  —  E.  P.  Prentice,  Congress,  and  the 
Regulation  of  Corporations  (Ibid.,  XIX,  168).  — H.  Pope, 
Legal  Aspect  of  Monopoly  (Ibid.,  XX,  167). 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  McCulloch  v.  Maryland,  4  Wheaton, 
316;  4  Curtis,  415;  Thayer,  Cases,  271;  McClain,  Cases,  1; 
Boyd,  Cases,  308;  John  Marshall,  Writings,  160.  —  Sinking 
Fund  Cases,  99  U.  S.,  700;  Thayer,  Cases,  1693.  —  Casey  v. 
Galli,  94  U.  S.,  673.  —  Reagan  v.  Mercantile  Trust  Co.,  154 
U.  S.,  413. —  Smyth  v.  Ames,  169  U.  S.,  466,  519-522.— 
Scholey  v.  Hew,  23  Wallace,  331.  — U.  S.  v.  Trans-Missouri 
Freight  Assoc.,  166  U.  S.,  290.  —  U.  S.  v.  Joint  Traffic 
Assn.,  171  U.  S.,  505.  —  Nicol  v.  Ames,  173  U.  S.,  509.  - 
Minnesota  v.  Northern  Securities  Co.,  194  U.  S.,  48.  — 
Atlanta  v.  Chattanooga  Foundry  &  Pipework,  127  Fed., 
23;  61  C.  C.  A.,  387.  —  Robinson  v.  Suburban  Brick  Co., 
127  Fed.,  804;  62  C.  C.  A.,  484.  —  Ellis  v.  Inman,  Poulsen, 
&  Co.,  131  Fed.,  182;  65  C.  C.  A.,  488. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  Congress  forbid  the 
transportation  of  goods  because  made  by  child-labor?  — 
(2)  May  the  federal  government  require  all  corporations 
engaged  in  interstate  business  to  take  out  federal  charters? 
—  (3)  May  the  federal  government  give  a  monopoly  of  the 
banking  business  to  the  national  banks? 

§  163.   Paper  No.  29.   Dependencies. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§35,  36,  85,  86,  115,  116, 
154,  160,  167,  168,  171,  173,  178,  185.  —  Guide,  §§  150,  168, 
178,  198. 


284  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  163 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  W.  Wil- 
loughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies  of  the  United  States, 
chs.  iv,  vi,  ix,  xi.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  373- 
380.  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Law  and  Policy  of  Annexation. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  De  Lima  v.  Bidwell,  182  U.  S.,  1.— 
Dooley  v.  United  States,  182  U.  S.,  222.  —  Dowries  v.  Bid- 
well,  182  U.  S.,  244.  —  Mendezona  v.  United  States,  195 
U.  S.,  158. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Colo 
nial  Expansion  of  the  United  States  (Atlantic  Monthly, 
LXXXIII,  145).  — C.  E.  Boyd,  Government  of  Newly 
Acquired  Territory  (Ibid.,  LXXXII,  735).  — J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  viii. 

SOURCES.  —  Treaty  of  Paris,  Dec.  10,  1898,  Senate  Docu 
ments,  55  Cong.,  3  sess.,  No.  62,  Part  i.  —  Report  of  the 
Philippine  Commission  to  the  President,  Senate  Documents, 
56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  138.  —  Philippine  Information  Society, 
Publications.  —  Speech  of  G.  F.  Hoar  (April,  1900),  Con 
gressional  Record,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  4278-4306.  —  Con 
temporaries,  IV,  §§  186-191. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  D.  An 
drews,  Am.  Law,  188.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the 
Constitution,  472,  599.  —  C.  A.  Gardiner,  Our  Right  to 
Acquire  and  Hold  Foreign  Territory.  —  W.  Reid,  Problems 
of  Expansion.  —  C.  E.  Magoon,  Report  on  the  Legal  Status 
of  Territory  Acquired  by  the  United  States  during  the  War 
with  Spain. 

SELECT  PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Con 
stitutional  Aspects  of  Annexation  (Harvard  Law  Review, 
XII,  291).  —  S.  E.  Baldwin,  Constitutional  Questions  inci 
dent  to  the  Acquisition  of  Island  Territory  (Ibid.,  XII,  393). 
-J.  B.  Thayer,  Our  New  Possessions  (Ibid,  XII,  464).— 
C.  C.  Langdell,  Status  of  our  New  Territories  (Ibid,  XII, 
365).  —  J.  G.  Palfrey,  Growth  of  the  Idea  of  Annexation 


§  164]  HISTORICAL  285 

(Ibid.,  XIII,  371).— A.  L.  Lowell,  Status  of  Our  New  Pos 
sessions  (Ibid.,  XIII,  155).  — C.  E.  Littlefield,  The  Insular 
Cases  (Ibid.,  XV,  169,  281).  — J.  B.  Thayer,  Insular  Tariff 
Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  (Ibid.,  XV,  164).  — J.  W.  Bur 
gess,  Government  of  Distant  Territory,  Constitution  and  New 
Territory  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XIV,  1;  XV,  388).  — B. 
Harrison,  Status  of  Annexed  Territory  (North  Am.  Review, 
CLXXII,  1).  — G.  F  Edmunds,  Insular  Cases  (Ibid., 
CLXXIII,  145).  — G.  S.  Boutwell,  The  Supreme  Court  and 
Dependencies  (Ibid.,  CLXXIII,  154).  —  L.  S.  Rowe,  Insular 
Decisions  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVIII,  226).— 
E.  Freund,  Control  of  Dependencies  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly, 
XIV,  19).  — F.  Williams,  Ethical  and  Political  Principles 
of  Expansion  (Ibid.,  XVI,  227). 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Diamond  Rings  Cases,  183  U.  S., 
176. —  Hawaii  v.  Mankichi,  190  U.  S.,  197.  —  Kepner  v. 
U.  S.,  195  U.  S.,  100.  —  Dorr  v.  U.  S.,  195  U.  S.,  138.  — 
Grossman  v.  U.  S.,  105  Fed.,  608. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  P.  Judson, 
Our  Federal  Constitution  and  Expansion  (Review  of  Reviews, 
XIX,  67;  XXI,  451).  — A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations  of  Am. 
Foreign  Policy,  chs.  v,  vi. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Are  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Philippines  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  and  immunities 
enjoyed  by  inhabitants  of  a  State?  —  (2)  May  Congress 
deprive  Hawaii  of  representative  government? — (3)  May 
Congress  dissolve  religious  corporations  found  in  Porto 
Rico  when  it  was  annexed? 

§  164.   Paper  No.  30.  Administrative  Responsibility. 

SELECT  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Good- 
now,  Administrative  Law,  Book  VI.  —  B.  Wyman,  Admin 
istrative  Law,  chs.  i-iii,  v,  vii,  ix.  —  J«  A.  Fairlie,  National 
Administration,  1&-27,  40-43. 


286  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  164 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Kendall  v.  U.  S.,  12  Peters,  524;  12 
Curtis,  834.  — De  Groot  v.  U.  S.,  5  Wallace,  419,  431.— 
Field  v.  Clark,  143  U.  S.,  649.  —  In  re  Kollock,  165  U.  S., 
526;  Goodnow,  Cases,  108.  —  Naganab  v.  Hitchcock,  202 
U.  S.,  403. 

SOURCES.—  U.  S.  Revised  Statutes,  §§202,  216,  354, 
417,  1296,  1549,  1752,  3141,  4778,  4780.  —  Opinions  of 
Attorneys  General,  I,  624,  636,  678;  II,  38,  481,  482,  507; 
IV,  515;  V,  275,  630;  VI,  10,  226,  365;  VII,  453,  470;  VIII, 
.343;  X,  413,  526,  527;  XI,  14;  XIII,  28;  XV,  56,  94,  101. 

ADDITIONAL  CONSTITUTIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  I.  C. 
'Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  131-145.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Con 
stitutional  Law,  §§  639,  663-668,  715-728.  —  F.  R.  Mechem, 
Public  Offices  and  Officers,  §§589-615,  654-682,  788-795, 
904-907,  926-962.  —  E.  M.  Parker,  Executive  Judgments 
and  Executive  Legislation  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XX,  116). 
-  E.  Freund,  Private  Claims  against  the  State  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  VIII,  625).  —  G.  A.  King,  Claims  against  Govern 
ments  (Am.  Law  Register  and  Review,  XXXII,  997).  —  G.  N. 
Lieber,  Remarks  on  Army  Regulations. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Butterworth,  112  U.  S., 
50;  Goodnow,  Cases  on  Government,  93.  —  U.  S.  v.  Black, 
128  U.  S.,  40;  Goodnow,  Cases,  91.  —  Boske  v.  Comingore, 
177  U.  S.,  459;  Goodnow,  Cases,  97.  —  Blue  v.  Beach,  155 
Ind.,  121;  Goodnow,  Cases,  101.  —  U.  S.  v.  Symonds,  120 
U.  S.,  46;  Goodnow,  Cases,  113.  —  Campbell  v.  U.  S.,  107 
U.  S.,  407;  Goodnow,  Cases,  116.  —  Dunlap  v.  U.  S.,  173 
U.  S.,  65;  Goodnow,  Cases,  120.  —  Bates  &  Guild  Co.  v. 
Payne,  194  U.  S.,  107;  Goodnow,  Cases,  124.  —  People  v. 
Eckler,  19  Hun.  (N.  Y.)  609;  Goodnow,  Cases,  133.- 
American  School  of  Magnetic  Healing  v.  Me  Annuity,  187 
U.  S.,  94;  Goodnow,  Cases,  135. —Hart  ranft's  Appeal,  85 
Penn.  St.,  433;  Goodnow,  Cases,  159.  —  Little  v.  Barreme, 
2  Cranch,  176;  Goodnow,  Cases,  63.  —  U.  S.  v.  Ju  Toy, 
198  U.  S.,  253;  Goodnow,  Cases,  127.  —  Langford  v.  U.  S., 


§  165]  HISTORICAL  287 

101  U.  S.,  341.  —  U.  S.  v.  Lee,  106  U.  S.,  196.  —  Tindal  v. 
Wesley,  167  U.  S.,  204.  —  U.  S.  v.  San  Jacinto  Tin  Co.,  102 
U.  S.,  273. —  Brig  "Aurora,"  7  Cranch,  382.  —  Caha  v. 
U.  S.,  152  U.  S.,  211.  — Carr  v.  Gordon,  82  Fed.,  379.- 
Butler  v.  White,  83  Fed.,  578.  —  Oil  Co.  v.  Hitchcock, 
190  U.  S.,  316.  —  Miller  v.  Raum,  135  U.  S.,  200.  —  Bates 
v.  Paine,  194  U.  S.,  104.  —  U.  S.  v.  McDaniel,  7  Peters,  14. 
—  Buttfield  v.  Stranahan,  192  U.  S.,  470.  —  Marbury  v. 
Madison,  1  Cranch,  137;  1  Curtis,  368;  Thayer,  Cases,  107; 
McClain,  Cases,  815;  Boyd,  Cases,  17.  —  Mississippi  v. 
Johnson,  4  Wallace,  475;  Thayer,  Cases,  196;  McClain, 
Cases,  102;  Boyd,  Cases,  652.  —  Georgia  v.  Stanton,  6 
Wallace,  50;  Thayer,  Cases,  201. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  the  President  direct  a 
treasury  official  to  pay  claims  against  the  United  States? 
—  (2)  Should  post-masters  be  subject  to  dismissal  because 
their  superiors  deem  it  for  the  good  of  the  service? —  (3) 
Ought  the  courts  to  have  a  right  to  review  the  action  of 
commissioners  in  condemning  land  for  public  purposes? 

§  165.  Six  Class-room  Papers  in  Brief  United  States  His 
tory  (Course  B). 

The  relation  of  these  papers  to  the  lectures  and  written 
work  is  set  forth  in  the  Manual,  §§7,  57-63. 

PAPER  No.  1.  BASIS  OF  ENGLISH  CLAIMS  TO  AMERICA; 
(Manual,  §§  136,  199,  200). 

PAPER  No.  2.  JEFFERSONIAN  DEMOCRACY;  (Manual, 
§  142). 

PAPER  No.  3.  EXTENT  OF  THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE; 
(Manual,  §§  145,  182). 

PAPER  No.  4.  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  THE  CIVIL  WAR; 
(Manual,  §  157). 

PAPER  No.  5.  LIMITATION  ON  IMMIGRATION;  (Manual, 
§  225). 

PAPER  No.  6.     DEPENDENCIES;  (Manual,  §  163). 


288  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  166 

§  166.  Thirty  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Diplomacy 
(Course  C). 

For  a  general  description  of  the  class-room  papers  see 
Manual,  §§  1,  21.  For  the  relation  of  the  successive  papers 
to  the  lectures  which  they  are  intended  to  illustrate,  see 
Manual,  §§  66-86.  The  papers  do  not  fit  together  to  form 
a  comprehensive  view  of  international  questions;  they  illus 
trate  controversies  and  bases  of  international  agreements, 
but  leave  untouched  other  side  issues.  Nevertheless  they 
include  such  questions  as  the  British  acts  of  trade,  neutral 
trade,  allegiance,  force  of  treaties,  privateering,  waterways, 
etc.,  in  the  light  of  modern  practice. 

§  167.  Paper  No.  1.  Principles  of  European  Claims  to  wild 
Territory. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§26,  65,  66;  cf.  Papers, 
Nos.  2,  5;  Manual,  §§  168,  171.  — Guide,  §§  82-90. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Winsor,  Narra 
tive  and  Critical  Hist.,  II,  chs.  i-viii;  IV,  chs.  i-iii,  v,  viii, 
ix.  —  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in  Historical  Criticism,  Nos.  7, 
8. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th 
ed.),  106-130.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  International  Law,  §§91- 
103. —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  §§80-81. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,   I,    §§17,    18,    34-36,    38.- 
F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  6-12.  —  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases, 
§§  32-40. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Winsor,  Chris 
topher  Columbus,  chs.  ix-xvi.  —  J.  Winsor,  Cartier  to  Fron- 
tenac,  chs.  i-iii,  ix-xiii.  —  H.  Harrisse,  Diplomatic  Hist,  of 
America.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  I,  ch.  i.  —  H.  H.  Ban 
croft,  Pacific  States,  I,  chs.  ii-iv,  ix;  IV,  chs.  i-vi;  XIII,  ch. 
iii;  XXII,  chs.  v-vii.  —  W.  Kingsford,  Canada,  I,  chs.  i-vi.  — 
C.  Gayarre,  Louisiana,  I,  14-40,  57-59. 


§  168]  DIPLOMATIC  289 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  Bluntschli,  Droit  International, 
§§278,  279.  —  Bonfils,  Droit  de  Gens,  §§  536-563,  —  Jeze, 
Etude  sur  V Occupation. —  F.  von  Liszt,  Das  Volkerrecht, 
90-92.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  International  Arbitrations.  II,  1909- 
1922.  —  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  I,  324- 
341,  349-352. —  A.  Rivier,  Droit  de  Gens,  188-197.  —  T. 
A.  Walker,  International  Law,  158—161.  —  T.  Twiss,  Law 
of  Nations,  I,  §§113-134.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  International 
Law,  §§  92-96.  —  H.  S.  Maine,  International  Law,  66-71.- 
C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  23-25,  388-390, 
432.  —  J.  Westlake,  International  Law,  160-177.  —  Law 
rence's  Wheaton,  304-308. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  the  Spanish  discovery 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  give  good  title  to  the  whole 
valley  of  the  Mississippi?  —  (2)  Had  the  Spanish  good  title 
to  any  part  of  the  coast  of  North  America  north  of  the 
present  Florida?  —  (3)  Did  the  French  have  good  title  to 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  Mississippi  valley? 

§  168.   Paper  No.  2.   Theory  of  Indian  Land-holding. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,    §  §  67,    68,    cf .    Papers,    Nos. 

I,  5;  Manual,  §§  167,  171.  — Guide,  §  80. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  E.  Ellis,  Red 
Man  and  White  Man,  chs.  iv,  vi.  —  J.  Winsor,  Narrative 
and  Critical  Hist.,  I,  286,  296-298,  300. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  §  16.  —  J. 
Story,  Commentaries,  I,  §§  3-38,  152-154. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  I,  §§  40,  45,  60,  64,  92,  123, 
127,  133,  152,  162. —  Mass.  Hist.  Society,  Collections,  3d 
ser.,  II,  270;  V,  35-59;  4th  ser.,  V,  338;  5th  ser.,  IX,  118- 
120.  —  Colonial  Laws  of  Massachusetts  (1660-1672),  160- 
162,  181;  (1672-1686),  74,  75.  —  Massachusetts  Records,  I, 
243,  394,  400;  III,  281;  IV,  part  i,  102;  part  ii,  282.- 
W.  W.  Hening,  Statutes  of  Virginia,  I,  323-326,  456,  467; 

II,  138-143.  —  New   York   Colonial  Documents,   I,   58,   99, 


290  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  168 

128,  287;  II,  557;  VI,  59,  294,  295,  850,  851,  865,  962; 
VII,  76,  313,  473,  590.  —  C.  C.  Royce,  Indian  Land  Ces 
sions  in  the  U.  S.  (Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Eighteenth  Annual 
Report,  1896-7),  Pt.  ii.  —  C.  J:  Kappher,  Indian  Affairs, 
Lands  and  Treaties  (Senate  Documents,  51  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  452,  2  vols.). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Cherokee  Nation  v.  Georgia  (1831),  5 
Peters,  1;  9  Curtis,  178;  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  1. — 
Johnson  v.  Mclntosh  (1823),  8  Wheaton,  543;  5  Curtis,  503; 
F.  Snow,  Cases,  6;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  71.  — Elk  v.  Wil- 
kins  (1884),  112  U.  S.,  94;  F.  Snow,  Cases,  230;  J.  B.  Scott, 
Cases,  398.  — U.  S.  v.  Kagama  (1886),  118  U.  S.,  375; 
F.  Snow,  Cases,  233;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  404.  —  Cherokee 
Nation  v.  Southern  Kansas  Railway  Co.  (1889),  135  U.  S., 
641.  —  Lone  Wolf  v.  Hitchcock  (1903),  187  U.  S.,  553. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Channing, 
United  States,  I,  382-384;  II,  ch.  viii.  —  P.  A.  Bruce,  Eco 
nomic  Hist,  of  Virginia,  I,  493-498.  —  M.  Egleston,  Land 
System,  4-7. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  Kent,  Commentaries,  III, 
377-400.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  note  24.  —  H.  S.  Maine, 
International  Law,  71-75.  —  T.  Twiss,  Law  of  Nations,  I, 
§§  135-137.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  68-70,  306.  —  R.  Phil- 
limore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  II,  340,  341,  345-349.  - 
C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  208-210;  VI,  7. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  England  bound  to 
recognize  treaties  made  by  the  Five  Nations  with  France? 
-  (2)  Could  individual  Englishmen  purchase  land  from 
the  Indians? — (3)  Were  the  Indians  subjected  to  the 
authority  of  the  colonies  within  whose  charter  limits  they 
lived?  —  (4)  Could  an  individual  Indian  sell  land  to  a 
colonial  government? 

§  169.   Paper  No.  3.   Execution  of  the  British  Acts  of  Trade. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§67,  68. :  —  Guide,  §§133, 
134,  146. 


§  169]  DIPLOMATIC  291 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  E.  H.  Lecky, 
England  (Eng.  ed.),  II,  7-11;  III,  299-310.  —  G.  E.  Howard, 
Preliminaries  of  the  Revolution  (Am  Nation,  VIII),  chs. 
iii,  iv,  vi,  vii.  —  E.  M.  A  very,  United  States,  II,  ch.  ii;  III, 
«h.  xi. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  W.  J.  Ashley,  Surveys  Historic  and 
Economic,  311-360.  —  E.  Charming,  Navigation  Laws,  12- 
16. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  I,    §§54,  70,   135,   240;   II, 
§§45;  46,  49,   131,   146. —Am.  Hist.   Leaflets,  No.    19.- 
W.  MacDonald,  Select  Charters,  Nos.  22,  23,  25,  28,  34.  - 
Prince   Society,   Andros    Tracts,    I,   41;    II,    57.  —  Colonial 
Laws  of  Massachusetts  (1672-1686),  258,  289,  290.  —  North 
Carolina  Colonial  Records,  I,  244-246.  —  New   York  Colo 
nial  Documents,  III,  44-47,  263;  IV,  303,  461,  462;  V,  58, 
59.  —  T.  Pownall,  Administration  of  the  Colonies  (4th  ed.), 
231-312.  —  Prince    Society,    Edward    Randolph,    II-V    (see 
Indexes,  s.  v.  Acts  of  Trade). 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Winsor,  Nar 
rative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VI,  11,  12.  —  G.  Bancroft,  United 
States  (final  ed.),  Ill,  35,  59-62.  —  J.  G.  Palfrey,  Compen 
dious  Hist,  of  New  England,  III,  148,  178-180,  317,  318, 
330,  331,  339;  IV,  297,  298,  305,  331,  332,  381.  —  W.  Tudor, 
James  Otis,  chs.  v,  vi.  —  W.  B.  Weeden,  Economic  and 
Social  Hist,  of  New  England,  I,  232-243;  II,  556-559.- 
J.  R.  Seeley,  Expansion  of  England,  65-70.  —  R.  Hildreth, 
United  States,  II,  197-199,  498-500.  —  C.  M.  Andrews, 
Colonial  Self-Government  (Am.  Nation,  V),  ch.  i,  and  30- 
32,  38,  155-158,  176,  244,  253,  259-262,  266,  331.  —  E.  B. 
Greene,  Provincial  America  (Am.  Nation,  VI),  ch.  i,  and 
31-36,  177-179,  219,  274,  289,  293-295.  —  H.  L.  Osgood, 
Am.  Colonies  in  the  17th  Century,  III,  ch.  vii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  G.  L.  Beer,  Commercial  Policy 
of  England,  32-34,  122-143.  —  E.  L.  Lord,  Industrial  Ex 
periments  in  the  English  Colonies,  124-139.  —  G.  L.  Beer, 
British  Colonial  Policy,  1754-1765. 


292  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  169 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Could  Great  Britain  lay 
revenue  duties  on  imports  as  part  of  her  commercial  regu 
lation? —  (2)  Under  the  Acts  of  Trade  could  the  colonies 
send  ship  timber  direct  to  France?  —  (3)  Could  French 
vessels  carry  sugar  from  Hayti  to  Pennsylvania?  —  (4) 
Was  the  " enumerated  goods"  clause  a  hardship  to  the 
colonies? 

§  170.   Paper  No.  4.   Rule  of  1756. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§69,  70,  176,  179,  188,  192. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea 
Power  and  French  Revolution,  II,  234-239,  242,  266-269, 
353-356.  —  J.  Madison,  Examination  of  the  British  Doc 
trine  (Writings,  II,  229-391).  —  !  Wheaton's  Reports,  App. 
III. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,   §1180. 
-R.  Phjllimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  Ill,  370-384. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §  120.  —  Annual  Register r 
I,  144-175;  XL VIII,  246-248.  —  C.  Jenkinson,  Discourse 
on  the  Conduct  of  Great  Britain  (1757). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases,  502-508.  —  J.  B.  Scottr 
Cases,  845-848. —  P.  Cobbett,   Leading  Cases,  330-333.- 
Other  cases  are  titled  in  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law, 
III,  385,  386. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Channing,. 
Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  175,  176,  197.. 
203-206.  —  W.  W.  Story,  Joseph  Story,  I,  285-289. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  G.  Bluntschli,  Das  Volker- 
recht,    §§  799,    800.  —  Bonfils,    Droit    de   Gens,    §  1534.- 
E.  Creasy,  International  Law,   §  621  —  A.  Rivier,  Droit  de 
Gens,  II,  411.  — T.  Twiss,   Law   of  Nations,    II,    §100.- 
W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  §  234.  —  R.  Phil 
limore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  Ill,  370-384.  —  T.  D. 
Woolsey,    International    Law    (6th   ed.),    §§200,    201.  — C. 
Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  49;  IV,  562-566.  — 


§  171]  DIPLOMATIC  293 

T.  Ortolans,  Diplomatic  de  la  Mer,  II,  book  iii,  ch.  v.  - 
A.  G.  Heffter,  Droit  International,  §  165.  —  T.  A.  Walker, 
International  Law,  258-262,  399,  400.  —  H.  Wheaton,  Hist. 
of  the  Law  of  Nations,  217-229.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton, 
814-819.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  §  508.  —  H.  W.  Halleck,  In 
ternational  Law  (Baker  ed.),  II,  325-339.  —  J.  Kent,  Com 
mentaries,  I,  81-85. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  Rule  of  1756  a 
principle  of  international  law?  —  (2)  Did  the  Rule  of  1756 
applv  to  trade  from  the  French  colonies  to  the  United 
States  during  the  Revolutionary  War?  —  (3)  Would  the 
Rule  of  1756  have  applied  to  trade  from  Canada  to  the 
United  States  during  the  Revolution? 

§  171.   Paper  No.  5.   Basis  of  English  Claims  to  America. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Manual,  §§65,  66;  cf.  Papers  Nos.  1,  2, 
Manual,  §§  167,  168;  Guide,  §§  92-96. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Winsor,  Narra 
tive  and  Critical  Hist.,  Ill,  chs.  i-iv.  —  E.  Channing, 
United  States,  I,  33-42,  124-129,  156;  II,  chs.  xxii,  xxxiii. 
—  L.  G.  Tyler,  England  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  IV),  ch.  i. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  258-263.  — 
C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  408-416. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  I,  §§26,  27,  32,  46-48,  51- 
54,  72,  78,  106,  109.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  9.  — W. 
MacDonald,  Select  Charters,  Nos.  1,  4.  —  A.  Brown,  Genesis 
of  the  United  States,  I,  88-90,  100,  102,  118-124,  260-264; 
II,  609,  610,  669-675.  —  "R.  S.,"  Nova  Britannia  (P. 
Force,  Tracts,  No.  6).  —  M.  F.  Farnham,  Farnham  Papers, 
Nos.  1-50  (Maine  Hist.  Soc.,  Collections,  2d  ser.,  VII).- 
R.  Hakluyt,  Discourse  on  Western  Planting. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  M.  A  very, 
United  States,  I,  chs.  xi,  xxi.  —  A.  Brown,  Genesis  of  the 
United  States,  I,  1-28.  —  C.  F.  Lucas,  Historical  Geography, 
V,  ch.  i.  — J.  R.  Brodhead,  New  York,  I,  4,  10,  11,  92; 


294  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  171 

96,  138,  257,  323,  324,  340,  663,  725,  735;  II,  249-251.  - 
J.  Winsor,  Mississippi  Basin,  ch.  xv.  —  G.  Bancroft, 
United  States  (last  ed.),  I,  ch.  iii.  —  J.  R.  Seeley,  Expan 
sion  of  England,  lect.  vii.  —  J.  A.  Doyle,  English  in  America, 
I,  ch.  iv.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  I,  chs.  i,  iii.  —  M. 
Christy,  Attempts  toward  Colonization  (Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  IV, 
678-702). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  See  references  on  Paper  No.  1, 
Manual,  §  167. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS:  (1)  Had  Great  Britain  good  title 
to  Maine  previous  to  1713? — (2)  Had  England  a  right  to 
grant  to  Connecticut  in  1662  a  charter  to  limits  extend 
ing  to  the  Pacific? —  (3)  Was  the  English  title  to  Georgia 
good  in  1748? 

§  172.   Paper  No.  6.   Execution  of  the  Spanish  Colonial  Policy. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§65,  66;  cf.  Paper  No.  3, 
Manual,  §  169.  —  Guide,  §  86. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  P.  P.  Leroy-Beau- 
lieu,  Colonisation  chez  les  Peuples  Modernes  (3d  ed.),  1-40, 
251-273.  —  J.  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VIII, 
chs.  iv,  v.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Colonial  Government,  ch.  iii.  — 
E.  G.  Bourne,  Spain  in  America  (Am.  Nation,  III),  chs.  xiv- 
xvii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  I,  §§23,  29-31,  33,  36,  46, 
48;  II,  §118;  III,  §45;  IV,  §§187,  188.  —  Annual  Reg 
ister,  IX,  2,  18-20;  XV,  10-12;  XXVIII,  35-37;  LII,  223- 
231;  LVII,  127. —  Status  as  determined  in  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico,  and  The  Philippines,  President's  message  of  April  11, 
1898,  House  Documents,  55  Cong.,  2  sess.,  LXIV,  No.  405; 
Consular  Correspondence,  House  Documents,  55  Cong.,  2  sess., 
LXIV,  No.  406;  Affairs  in  Cuba,  Senate  Reports,  55  Cong., 
2  sess.,  No.  885;  H.  K.  Carroll,  Report  on  Porto  Rico;  Re 
ports  of  Philippine  Commissions,  Senate  Documents,  56 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  138;  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  112. 


§  173]  DIPLOMATIC  295 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  W.  Black- 
man,  Spanish  Colonization  in  the  Southwest,  7-14,  48- 
63.  —  T.  G.  F.  Raynal,  Histoire  des  Etablissements  et  du 
Commerce  des  Europeens  dans  les  deux  Indes  (ed.  1781),  IV, 
227-294.  —  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Rela 
tions,  ch.  ii.  —  B.  Moses,  Spanish  Rule  in  America,  17—26, 
293-313.  —  E.  J.  Payne,  European  Colonies,  49-53.  —  J. 
H.  Latane,  United  States  and  Spanish  America,  ch.  i.  — 
A.  Helps,  Spanish  Conquest,  IV,  362-400.  —  H.  Butter- 
worth,  South  America,  69-92.  —  G.  Bancroft,  United  States 
(10  vol.  ed.),  I,  34-68.  —  R.  G.  Watson,  Spanish  and  Por 
tuguese  South  America,  II,  chs.  viii-x. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS. — (1)  Did  the  Spanish  colonial  policy 
seriously  interfere  with  the  prosperity  of  the  Spanish  colonies? 
(2)  Did  the  Spanish  authorities  show  any  special  favor 
to  French  trade? —  (3)  Was  trade  with  the  Spanish  colonies 
ever  an  offence  against  the  British  Acts  of  Trade? 

§  173.  Paper  No.  7.  Territorial  Policy  during  the  Revolution 
and  Confederation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§71,  72,  163;  cf.  Papers  Nos. 
12,  19,  Manual,  §§  178,  185.  —  Guide,  §§  150,  161. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Turner,  West 
ern  State  Making  (Am.  Hist.  Rev.,  I,  70-87,  251-269).— 
G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  90-94,  196-208.  —  T. 
Roosevelt,  Winning  of  the  West,  II,  chs.  x-xii;  III,  chs.  i-vi. 
—  C.  H.  Van  Tyne,  Am.  Revolution  (Am.  Nation,  IX),  ch. 
xv.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation  and  Constitution 
(Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  vii,  viii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§42-47.  —  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  Nos.  22,  32.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xvi. 
—  Journals  of  Congress,  VI-XII  (see  Index,  s.  v.  Territory, 
Territorial  claims,  Western  territory).  —  Secret  Journals  of 
Congress,  I,  427-447.  —  E.  Cutler,  Manasseh  Cutler,  I,  152- 
197,292-305;  II,  373-384. 


296  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  173 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  C.  E.  Bond, 
County  of  Illinois  (Am.  Hist.  Review,  IV,  623).  —  G.  Ban 
croft,  Hist,  of  the  Constitution,  I,  154-156,  168-183;  II,  98- 
118.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  III,  398-400,  527-529. 
—  W.  Kingsford,  Canada,  VI,  499-519.  —  J.  Winsor,  Nar 
rative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VII,  527-541.  —  J.  Winsor,  West 
ward  Movement,  167-169,  185-187,  198-208,  245-247, 
257-267,  280-293.  —  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Old  Northwest,  chs. 
xi-xvi.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  42-44. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  Congress  look  upon  the 
region  beyond  the  mountains  as  conquered  territory? —  (2) 
Did  Congress 'contemplate  permanent  dependencies? — (3) 
How  far  were  any  groups  of  people  in  the  West  independent 
prior  to  1787? 

§  174.  Paper  No.  8.  Breaking  the  Instructions  of  Congress  at 
Paris. 

BIBL  OGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §"§  71,  72,  175;  Guide,  §  141. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL   DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.    Winsor,    Narra 
tive  and   Critical  Hist.,  VII,   ch.  ii.  —  G.  Bancroft,   United 
States  (last  ed.),  V,  472-474/525-527,  547-553,  562-580.- 
A.    C.    McLaughlin,    Confederation    and    Constitution    (Am. 
Nation,  X),  chs.  i;  ii. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  621-671.  - 
Dana's  Wheaton,  §§257-262. 

SOURCES.  —  F.  Wharton,  Revolutionary  Diplomatic  Corre 
spondence,  IV-VI  (see  Index,  s.  v.  Peace  commissioners). — 
J.  Jay,  Correspondence  and  Public  Papers,  II,  345-347,  353, 
366-452;  III,  14-19,  56-64.— J.  A^ams,  Works,  III,  299- 
303,  307-314,  336,  347,  366;  VII,  KK^lSl,  627,  653;  VIII, 
87-91;  IX,  514-517.  — B.  Franklin,  Works  (Bigelow  ed.), 
VIII,  228-234,  239,  240.  —  Secret  Journals  of  Congress,  II, 
224-228,  339,  340,  445,  446. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Century  of  Expansion,  48—57.  —  E.  E.  Hale,  Franklin  in 


§  175]  DIPLOMATIC  297 

France,  II,  chs.  vi-xi. — G.  Pellew,  John  Jay,  chs.  vii,  viii. — W. 
H.  Trescot,  Diplomacy  of  the  Revolution,  ch.  iv.  —  T.  Lyman, 
Diplomacy  of  the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  I,  100-106,  118-128.— 
F.  Wharton,  Revolutionary  Diplomatic  Correspondence,  I, 
Introduction,  §§  109-111,  158;  R.  Hildreth,  United  States, 
III,  413,  417-420.  —  J.  Adams,  Works,  I,  340-342,  363- 
376,  386-396.  —  H.  Doniol,  Participation  de  la  France,  V,  chs. 
v,  vi.  —  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  England  (Eng.  ed.),  IV,  255-264. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  R.  Phillimore,  International 
Law  (3d  ed.),  II,  255.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th 
ed.),  Ill,  171,  172.  — W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th 
ed.),  347.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  443—452.  —  Dana's  Whea- 
ton,  §§  257-262. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Were  the  suspicions  of  Jay 
toward  Vergennes  justified? —  (2)  Were  the  instructions  of 
1781  a  hard  and  fast  rule  for  the  commissioners? —  (3)  Did 
the  commissioners  get  a  better  treaty  by  negotiation  apart 
from  France. 

§  175.   Paper  No.  9.   Policy  of  American  Isolation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§33,  34,  73,  74,  174,  183, 
195;  Guide,  §§  164,  178. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  S.  Bassett,  Feder 
alist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  vi.  - —  F.  J.  Turner,  New 
West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii.  —  T.  D.  Woolsey,  Amer 
ica's  Foreign  Policy,  1-21,  169,  170,  188-191. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§92-94.  —  Am.  Hist. 
Leaflets,  No.  4.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Documents,  ch.  xviii.  — 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  927.  —  G.  Washington,  Writings 
(Sparks  ed.),  X,  533-548;  XII,  202-209,  228-233. —T. 
Jefferson,  Works  (Washington  ed.),  see  Index,  vol.  IX. — 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  I,  passim. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  Lyman,  Di 
plomacy  of  the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  I,  291-312.  —  W.  H.  Trescot, 
Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Administrations  of  Washington  and 


298  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  175 

Adams,  137-146.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV,  412-415, 
686;  V,  421.  — A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  §§  1,  6,  8,  12.—  T. 
Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  12.  —  R.  Olney,  International 
Isolation  of  the  U.  S.  (Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXXI,  577-588). 
SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  the  policy  of  United 
States  before  1801  include  the  idea  that  foreign  states  must 
not  interfere  in  America?  —  (2)  Did  Washington  desire 
that  the  United  States  confine  its  influence  to  America? 

§  176.  Paper  No.  10.  Was  France  entitled  to  complain  of 
the  Jay  Treaty? 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§33,  34,  73,  74,  179;  cf. 
Paper  No.  18,  Manual,  §  184.--  Guide,  §  162. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  S.  Bassett,  Fed 
eralist  System  (Am.  Nation,  XI),  ch.  viii,  and  82,  196,  212- 
214,  218. —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  V,  4414-4432.  —  T. 
Lyman,  Diplomacy  of  the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  I,  177-208. 

SOURCES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  §  §  826,  827.  —  Am. 
State  Papers,  Foreign,  I,  470-525,  559-583,  594-598,  711, 
712,  730-747.  —  Annals  of  Congress,  4  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1796), 
970-1291.  --  T.  H.  Benton,  Abridgment,  I,  702-754.- 
M.  Carey,  Am.  Remembrancer.  —  J.  Monroe,  View  of  the 
Conduct  of  the  Executive.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§96,  97. 
-G.  Washington,  Writings  (Sparks  ed.),  XI,  483-487, 
504-529. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS. — H.  Flanders,  Lives 
of  the  Chief  Justices,  I,  401-414.— R.  Hildreth,  United  States, 
IV,  539-556,  591-616;  V,  73-78.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United 
States,  I,  131-138.  —  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  II,  634-638. 
-  J.  Schouler,  United  States,  I,  308-326.  — W.  H.  Trescot, 
Diplomatic  Hist,  of  the  Administrations  of  Washington  and 
Adams,  69-128,  152-168.  —  W.  Jay,  John  Jay,  I,  322- 
342.  —  G.  Pellew,  John  Jay,  ch.  xi.  —  D.  C.  Gilman,  James 
Monroe  (ed.  1885),  57-67,  221-229;  (ed.  1900),  60-70,  252- 
260.  —  Jay's  Treaty  (Nation,  LXI,  460,  461).  —  F.  C.  Gray, 


§177]  DIPLOMATIC  299 

Jay's  Treaty  (North  Am.  Rev.,  XVII,  142-180).  — W.  C. 
Rives,  James  Madison,  III,  527-534,  545-547,  569-578.  — 
H.  S.  Randall,  Thomas  Jefferson,  II,  267-284. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Did  the  privilege  given  to 
British  ships  by  the  Jay  Treaty  nullify  any  French  privi 
leges?  —  (2)  Was  the  suspicion  of  Monroe  towards  Jay 
justified? 

§  177.   Paper  No.  11.   Allegiance  and  Impressment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§73,  74;  cf.  Paper  No.  21, 
Manual,  §  158;  cf.  Paper  No.  26,  Manual,  §  132.  — Guide, 
§§  162,  170-172,  192. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Channing,  Jef- 
fersonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xiv,  xv,  and  203- 
208,  234,  237,  255,  263.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  842, 
843,  898,  899.  —  H.  Adams,  United  States  (see  Index,  s.  v. 
Impressment) . 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II,  §§  317-320; 
III,  §  484.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  §§  108,  109,  and  67n. 

SOURCES.  —  American  State  Papers,  Foreign,  I-III  (see 
Indexes  under  Impressment,  Seamen),  especially  II,  489; 
III,  25,  36-87,  137,  140,  154,  173-176,  348,  574-583,  69&- 
699,  704,  739;  VI,  368-372.  —  A nnals  of.  Congress,  3  Cong., 
1  sess.  (1794),  772-774;  4  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1796),  381-400,  802- 
820.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  116-119.  —  British  acts  and 
treaties,  in  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  I, 
653-666.  —  T.  Dwight,  Hartford  Convention,  52-64,  225- 
228.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  213-219.  —  J.  Sparks, 
Gouverneur  Morris,  II,  20-23;  III,  276,  280,  281.  — T. 
Jefferson,  Writings  (Washington  ed.),  Ill,  204-207,  334, 
442-444,  525;  IV,  133;  V,  54,  63,  64;  VI,  427,  467.  —  H.  S. 
Randall,  Thomas  Jefferson,  II,  476;  III,  298,  380n,  400n.  - 
D.  Webster,  Works,  II,  540;  V,  140-146;  VI,  318-328,  353, 
356,  453-455,  522-528.  —  J.  Adams,  Inadmissible  Prin 
ciples  of  the  King  of  England's  Proclamation  (Works,  IX, 
312-330). 


300  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  177 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  W.  Foster, 
Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  235-238.  —  C.  Schurz,  Henry 
Clay,  I,  70-96.  —  R.  Hildreth,  United  States,  IV,  442,  540, 
563,  627;  V,  73,  268,  534r-536,  653-657,  661;  VI,  262,  296, 
349-353,  389,  457,  491.  — T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of  the 
U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  II,  11-17.  — W.  H.  Trescot,  Diplomatic 
Hist,  of  the  Administrations  of  Washington  and  Adams,  88— 
90,  116.  —  G.  Tucker,  United  States,  I,  520;  II,  87,  88,  209- 
211,  285,  297.  —  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  II,  79-82.  —  K.  C. 
Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  48, 
76,  182. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law 
(4th  ed.),  224,  225,  257-280.  —J.  Kent,  Commentaries,  1, 153- 
158.  —  Laurence's  Wheaton,  210-219.  —  F.  Wharton,  Com 
mentaries,  §§194-197,  238. —  T.  A.  Walker,  International 
Law,  123-131.  — H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker 
ed.),  II,  300-304.  — H.  Wheaton,  Hist,  of  the  Law  of  Na 
tions,  585,  737-749.  —  H.  Wheaton,  Enquiry  into  the  Valid 
ity  of  the  British  Claim.  —  W.  B.  Lawrence,  Visitation  and 
Search,  1-5,  13-15,  123.  —  T.  Coxe,  Examination  of  the 
Conduct  of  Great  Britain,  43-48. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Talbot  v.  Janson  (1795),  3  Dallas,  133; 
1  Curtis,  128.  —  M'llvaine  v.  Coxe's  Lessee  (1808),  4  Cranch, 
209;  2  Curtis,  74.  —  Inglis  v.  Trustees  of  the  Sailor's  Snug 
Harbor  (1830),  3  Peters,  99;  8  Curtis,  305.  —  White  v. 
Hart  (1871),  13  Wallace,  646. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Can  a  person  at  will  with 
draw  himself  from  allegiance  to  any  and  all  governments?  — 
(2)   Was  a  man,  English  born,  resident  in  the  United  States 
in  1782,  but  never  naturalized,  subject  to  impressment? 

§  178.  Paper  No.  12.  Status  of  Territory  Annexed  but  not 
Organized. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§35,  36,  73,  74;  cf.  Papers 
Nos.  19,  29,  Manual,  §§  153,  163;  cf.  Papers,  Nos.  7,  19; 
Manual,  §§  173,  185.  —  Guide,  §  168. 


§  178]  DIPLOMATIC  301 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Charming,  Jeffer- 
sonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  v,  vi.  —  K.  C.  Bab- 
cock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am.  Nation,  XIII),  ch.  xvii.  — 
G.  P.  Garrison,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII), 
chs.  i,  xi,  xix.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Colonial  Government,  part 
vii. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  80-99.  — 
W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies,  chs.  i,  ii. 
-  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am.  Republic,  362-397. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  American  Insurance  Co.  v.  Canter 
(1828),  1  Peters,  511;  7  Curtis,  685;  Thayer,  Cases,  350; 
McClain,  Cases,  827.  —  Downes  v.  Bidwell  (1901),  182  U.  S., 
244.  —  Dooley  v.  United  States  (1901),  182  U.  S.,  222. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  113,  114;  IV,  §§  186- 
191.  — Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  32.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments,  ch.  xxiv.  —  A.  H.  Howe,  Insular  Cases,  House  Docu 
ments,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  509  (briefs  and  arguments  in 
the  Portd  Rican  and  Philippine  cases) .  —  Report  on  Govern 
ment  of  Hawaii,  House  Reports,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  305. 
Report  of  Philippine  Commission  to  President,  Senate 
Documents,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  138.  —  Philippine  Infor 
mation  Society,  Publications.  —  Speech  of  G.  F.  Hoar 
(1900),  Congressional  Record,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  4278-4306. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  A.  Dunning, 
Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  156,  157.  —  W.  F. 
Johnson,  Century  of  Expansion,  154-159.  —  H.  Von  Hoist, 
United  States,  III,  308,  322,  351,  385-401,  422-430, 
442-455.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  chs.  v,  vi.  —  G.  T. 
Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  532,  542,  544;  II,  198, 
199,  227.  — H.  Adams,  United  States,  II,  118-131,  399, 
401.  —  F.  X.  Martin,  Louisiana,  ch.  xxvii.  —  S.  E.  Bald 
win,  Historic  Policy  of  the  U.S.  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Annual 
Report,  1893,  pp.  369-390).  —  D.  S.  Jordan,  Imperial  Democ 
racy,  Nos.  3,  4.  -  -  W.  Reid,  Problems  of  Expansion.  — 
G.  C.  Lewis,  Government  of  Dependencies  (Lucas  ed.),  In- 


302  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  178 

troduction.  —  T.  Williams,  Ethical  and  Political  Principles 
of  Expansion  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVI,  227- 
242).  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Colonial  Expansion  (Atlantic  Monthly, 
LXXXIII,  145-154). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  §§  483-489.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  §§  1282- 
1289,  1317,  1319-1321,  1508.  — T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  182—186.  —  J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  II, 
605-610.  —  J.  D.  Andrews,  Am.  Law,  ch.  ix.  —  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxii.  —  A.  P.  Morse,  Civil  and 
Political  Status  of  Inhabitants  of  Ceded  Territories  (Harvard 
Law  Rev.,  XIV,  262) .  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  55,  56,  99n, 
lOOn,  312-316,  513n,  514n,  591-597,  683n,  684n. —  F. 
Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§460-465. —  F.  H.  Giddings, 
Democracy  and  Empire,  chs.  i,  xvi,  xvii.  —  L.  S.  Rowe, 
Supreme  Court  and  Insular  Cases  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol. 
Sci.,  XVIII,  226-250).  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Government  of  Dis 
tant  Territory;  Constitution  and  Newly  Acquired  Territory  (Pol. 
.Science  Quarterly,  XIV,  1-18;  XV,  381-398).  —  J^Lowndes, 
Law  of  Annexed  Territory  (Ibid.,  XI,  672-693).  —  E.  Freund, 
Control  of  Dependencies  through  Protectorates  (Ibid.,  XIV, 
19-38).— R.  D.  Hunt,  Legal  Status  of  California,  1846-1849 
(Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XII,  387-408).  —  A.  L.  Lowell, 
Status  of  our  New  Possessions  (Harvard  Law  Rev.,  XIII,  155— 
176).  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Notes  on  the  Law  of  Territorial 
Expansion. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Callan  v.  Wilson  (1887),  127  U.  S., 
540;  Thayer,  Cases,  358.  —  Kincaid  v.  United  States  (1893), 
150  U.  S.,  483.  — Goetze  v.  United  States  (1900),  103  Fed., 
72.  — Binns  v.  United  States  (1903),  194  U.  S.,  486.- 
Hawaii  v.  Mankichi  (1902),  190  U.  S.,  197.  —  Mendezona  v. 
United  States  (1904),  195  U.  S.,  158.  —  Kepner  v.  United 
States  (1903),  195  U.  S.,  100.  —  Grossman  v.  United  States 
(1900),  105  Fed.,  608.  —  Dorr  v.  United  States  (1903), 
195  U.  S.,  138. 


§  179]  DIPLOMATIC  303 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  Louisiana  "incorpor 
ated"  into  the  Union  before  1811?—  (2)  Did  the  previous 
laws  of  California  all  remain  in  force  after  1848?  —  (3) 
Were  the  Philippines  in  the  United  States  in  1899? 

§  179.  Paper  No.  13.  Were  the  Orders  in  Council  and  De 
crees  Contrary  to  International  Law? 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  35,  36,  73  74,  176,  177; 
cf.  Papers  Nos.  22,  23,  Manual,  §§188,  189.  —  Guide, 
§§  170-172. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  Channing,  Jeffer- 
sonian  System  (Am.  Nation,  XII),  chs.  xiii-xv,  xviii,  xix.  — • 
H.  Adams,  United  States  (see  Index,  s.  v.  Decree  and  Order 
in  Council).  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Sea  Power  and  French  Revo 
lution,  II,  269-292,  313,  351-357. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§  1179, 
1183-1188,  1266-1286.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  736-769rc. 

SOURCES.  —  Am.  State  Papers  Foreign,  III,  29-31,  203- 
206,  209-213,  220,  259-291,  384,  405-407,  417-421,  431- 
433,  509-512,  609-612.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§118,  120- 
122.  —  Source-Book,  §  81.  —  H.  Adams,  Albert  Gallatin, 
365ft.  —  T.  C.  Hansard,  Parliamentary  Debates,  X,  314-339; 
XXI,  1092-1163;  XXIII,  486-547.  — J.  Stephen,  War  in 
Disguise.  —  G.  Morris,  Answer  to  War  in  Disguise. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  Lyman, 
Diplomacy  of  the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  I,  406-422;  II,  23-48.  — 
J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  299-316;  V,  4447-4456.— 
A.  G.  Stapleton,  George  Canning,  139-153. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  C.  Bluntschli,  Droit  Inter 
national,  §§  827-839.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  International,  V, 
§§  2827  et  seq.,  §§  2909  et  seq.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International 
Law  (4th  ed.),  §§257  et  seq.  — Dana's  Wheaton,  §§509- 
523.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  International  Law,  412-428.  —  R. 
Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  Ill,  311-313, 
515-521.  — T.  D.  Woolsey,  International  Law  (6th  ed.), 


304  CLASS-ROOM   PAPERS  [§  179 

§  206.  —  H.  W.  Halleck  (Baker  ed.),  International  Law,  II, 
325-339.  —  F.  DeCussy,  Phases  et  Causes  Celebres  du  Droit 
Maritime,  II,  276-280. 

SELECT  CASES  ON  BLOCKADES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and 
Opinions,  254-279,  490-502.  —  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  796-844. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Had  Great  Britain  a  right 
to  limit  the  vessels  which  might  enter  the  French  ports?  — 
(2)  Could  France  seize  vessels  because  bound  for  British 
ports? 

§  180.   Paper  No.  14.   Northeastern  Fishery  Rights. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,    §76.  —  Guide,    §§141,    172, 
174. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  I,  426-430,  703-753.  — C.  B.  Elliott,  U.  S.  and 
the  Northeastern  Fisheries.  —  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplo 
matic  Questions,  451-529. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  163-168. 
—  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  427—470. 

GENERAL  SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §217;  III, 
§  128;  IV,  §  173.— J.  Adams,  Works,  I,  381-384;  III,  302, 
327-339,  345;  X,  131-133,  137,  159-161,  403-405.  —  B. 
Franklin,  Works  (Bigelow  ed.),  VIII,  122w,  164w,  165w, 
168%.  —  J.  Q.  Adams,  Duplicate  Letters.  —  J.  Q.  Adams, 
Memoirs  (see  Index,  s.  v.  Fisheries). 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Secret  Journals  of  Congress,  II, 
148-167.  —  Official  correspondence,  Am.  State  Papers,  For 
eign,  III,  348-407,  809-811;  V,  675-696,  735-752;  House 
Executive  Documents,  41  Cong.,  3  sess.  (1870),  I,  407-433; 
46  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1880),  XXIV,  No.  84;  49  Cong.,  1  sess. 
(1885),  I,  460-469;  49  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1886,  1887),  I,  334- 
527;  XVIII,  No.  19;  XXIV,  No.  153.  —  Treaties,  U.  S. 
Treaties  and  Conventions,  371,  377,  415,  416,  449,  450,  452, 
486,  487,  491,  498-500.  —  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics, 
65,  79-81,  90-92,  98,  99.  —  Statutes  of  the  United  Kingdom, 


§  180]  DIPLOMATIC  305 

59  Geo.  Ill,  ch.  38.  —  Halifax  Commission,  Documents  and 
Proceedings.  —  F.  Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  of 
the  Revolution  (see  Index,  s.  v.  Fisheries).  —  J.  D.  Richard 
son,  Messages  and  Papers,  V,  227;  VII,  102-104,  226; 
VIII,  449,  500,  603-607,  620-630,  779,  780. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  C.  McLaugh- 
lin,  Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  25, 
26.  —  K.  C.  Babcock,  Rise  of  Am.  Nationality  (Am. 
Nation,  XIII),  183,  184,  262-265.  —  T.  C.  Smith,  Parties 
and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  80.  —  W.  A.  Dunning,  Re 
construction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),  167—171.  —  D.  R.  Dewey, 
National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vii.  —  C.  Isham, 
The  Fishery  Question.  —  J.  I.  Doran,  Our  Fishery  Rights  in 
the  North  Atlantic.  —  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years  of  Con 
gress,  II,  615-637.  —  T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of  the  United 
States  (2d  ed.),  I,  114-117;  II,  86-101.  — W.  Kingsford, 
Canada,  VII,  140,  141,  147;  IX,  344,  345.  — L.  Sabine, 
Report  on  the  Principal  Fisheries  of  the  American  Seas,  325- 
340,  389-489  (House  Executive  Documents,  32  Cong.,  2  sess., 
1853,  No.  23).  —  E.  Schuyler,  American  Diplomacy,  404- 
420.  — J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopaedia,  III,  941-944.  —  J.  B. 
McMaster,  United  States,  IV,  270-273,  457-469.  —  P.  H. 
Smith,  Acadia,  313-318.  —  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
Powers,  163-168. —  H.  Y.  Hind,  Fraudulent  Records.  - 
H.  Y.  Hind,  Fisheries  Commission  Frauds.  —  W.  V.  Wells, 
Samuel  Adams,  III,  65,  149-152. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  T.  Twiss,  Law  of  Nations,  I, 
§§185,  191.— F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  427-470.— 
F.  Snow,  International  Law,  §  12.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton, 
312-314,  323-328n,  462-471.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  note  142. 
• — T.  J.  Lawrence,  International  Law,  §  111.  —  P.  Cobbett, 
Leading  Cases,  350-353,  364-368. —  T.  D.  Woolsey,  Inter 
national  Law  (6th  ed.),  §  59. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Is  there  any  indefeasible 
right  to  deep  sea  fisheries?  —  (2)  Could  the  United  States 


306  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  180 

and  Great  Britain  by  joint  agreement  extend  the  maritime 
boundary  of  Nova  Scotia  to  ten  miles  from  the  coast?  — • 
(3)  Were  the  Newfoundland  privileges  of  the  treaty  of  1818 
meant  to  be  perpetual? 

§  181.  Paper  No.  15.  Navigation  of  the  Mississippi  and  St. 
Lawrence  Rivers. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  73,  74.  —  Guide,  §  153. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin, 
Confederation  and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  15,  16, 
29,  91-100.  —  J.  S.  Bassett,  Federalist  System  (Am.  Nation, 
XI),  ch.  v.  —  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System  (Am.  Nation, 
XII),  ch.  iv.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  Constitutional  Hist.,  I,  208-220, 
671-673. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  623-626, 
631-635.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  136- 
146.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  International  Law,  §  112. 

SOURCES.  —  J.  Q.  Adams,  Duplicate  Letters,  American 
State  Papers,  Foreign,  I,  247-263,  271-274,  438,  439,  533- 
549;  V,  539-543,  561-563,  571-579;  VI,  757-777.  — F.  Snow, 
Cases  and  Opinions,  32-41.  —  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases, 
45,  46. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Century  of  Expansion,  ch.  iii.  —  T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of 
the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  I,  221-258.  —  W.  H.  Trescot,  Diplomatic 
Hist,  of  the  Administrations  of  Washington  and  Adams, 
43-50,  225-267.  —  G.  Bancroft,  Hist,  of  the  Constitution,  II, 
295-298.  — W.  Kingsford,  Canada,  IX,  305,  306.  —  T.  Roose 
velt,  Winning  of  the  West,  III,  ch.  iii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  346-362. 
—  Dana's  Wheaton,  §§193-205,  note  118. —  H.  Wheaton, 
History  of  Law  of  Nations,  498-517.  —  R.  Phillimore,  Inter 
national  Law  (3d  ed.),  I,  223-228,  240-247.  —  J.  N. 
Pomeroy,  International  Law,  §§  131-136.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit 
International,  I,  433-435,  447-451. 


§182]  DIPLOMATIC  307 

SPECIMEN    QUESTIONS.  —  (1)    Had    Great    Britain    any 
right  of  navigation  on  the  Mississippi  from  1783  to  1812?  - 
(2)  Have  the  Americans  a  greater  right  to  use  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  than  the  Canadians  have  to  use  the  Erie  Canal? 

§  182.  Paper  No.  16.  Doctrine  of  the  Recognition  of  New 
States. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§37,  38.,  77,  78,  183,  191, 
194.  —  Guide,  §  178. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  U.  S. 
and  Spanish  America,  ch.  ii.  —  T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of 
the  United  States  (2d  ed.),  II,  422-492.  —  F.  L.  Paxson,  In 
dependence  of  S.  A.  Republics. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§27-42, 
75. —  Dana's  Wheaton,  §§20-27,  notes  15,  16.  —  J.  N. 
Pomeroy,  International  Law,  264-312. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §  §  142,  145,  146.  —  F. 
Wharton,  Diplomatic  Correspondence  of  the  Revolution  (see 
Index,  s.  v.  Independence).  —  Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign, 
IV,  173-183,  412-418,  818-851;  V,  794-797;  VI,  1006- 
1014.  —  Monroe's  Message  on  recognition,  J.  D.  Richard 
son,  Messages,  II,  116-118.  —  Jackson's  Message  on  Texas, 
Ibid.,'  Ill,  265-269.  —  Polk's  Message  on  the  French  Re 
public,  Ibid.,  IV,  579,  580.  —  J.  Q.  Adams,  Memoirs  (see 
Index,  s.  v.  South  America,  South  American  Independence). 
-A.  Gallatin,  Writings,  II,  73,  74,  240,  241.  — J.  Madison, 
Writings,  III,  267.  —  J.  Mackintosh,  Miscellaneous  Works 
(ed.  1851),  747-768. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  H.  H.  Ban 
croft,  Pacific  States,  VIII,  46-53;  XI,  300-303.  —  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations,  ch.  v.  —  T. 
flyman,  Diplomacy  of  the  U.  S.,  II,  422-492.  — M.  Bernard, 
Neutrality  of  Great  Britain,  122-170.  —  W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S. 
and  Foreign  Powers,  76-78,  85.  —  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty 
Years  of  Congress,  I,  571-580,  595-600. 


308  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  182 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  36-51n; 
Dana's  Wheaton,  §§  20-27,  notes  15,  16.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence, 
International  Law,  §§57-60.  —  A.  S.  Hershey,  Recognition 
of  Cuban  Belligerency,  Intervention  and  Recognition  (Annals 
Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  VII,  450-461;  XI,  353-380).  — W.  E. 
Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  87-95.  —  J.  C.  Bluntschli, 
Droit  International  (2d  ed.),  67-73.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  In 
ternational  (4th  ed.),  I,  84-98. —  A.  W.  Heffter,  Droit 
International,  §  23.  —  T.  D.  Woolsey,  International  Law 
(6th  ed.),  §§39-41.  — E.  S.  Creasy,  Platform  of  Inter 
national  Law,  677-681.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  International  Law, 
115-118. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Could  Monroe  have  recog 
nized  the  Spanish  American  States  without  action  by  Con 
gress?— (2)  Did  recognition  in  1822  bind  the  United 
States  to  keep  up  diplomatic  intercourse? 

§  183.   Paper  No.  17.   Extent  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§37,  38,  77,  78;  cf.  Paper 
No.  11,  Manual,  §  145;  cf.  Papers,  Nos.  9,  28,  30,  Manual, 
§§  175,  194,  196.  — Guide,  §  178. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  U.  S. 
and  Spanish  America,  266-289.  —  W.  F.  Reddaway,  Monroe 
Doctrine,  ch.  ix.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Monroe  Doctrine  in  its 
Territorial  Extent  and  Application. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §  §  927- 
969.  — C.  Calvo,  Droit  International,  I,  266-355.  —  R. 
Phillimore,  International  Law,  I,  433—483. 

SOURCES.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  4.  —  Contemporaries, 
III,  §§143-150;  IV,  §§  179-195.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments,  ch.  xx.  —  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  IV,  212,  398, 
539,  540,  581-583;  VII,  61-63,  99-101,  129;  IX,  632,  655- 
658.  — J.  Q.  Adams,  Memoirs,  VI,  163,  177-215.  — R.  Rush, 
Residence  at  the  Court  of  London,  chs.  xx-xxiv.  —  G.  Can 
ning,  in  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  II,  545— 
559;  III,  886-896. 


§  183]  DIPLOMATIC  309 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Correspondence,  Am.  State  Papers, 
Foreign,  V,  834-897,  900-905,  916-919;  VI,  364-366,  579, 
580,  582,  583.  — Senate  Executive  Documents,  46  Cong., 
2  sess.,  No.  112;  47  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  194;  48  Cong.,  1 
sess.,  No.  26.  (Reprint  of  these  three  documents  in  Depart 
ment  of  State,  Correspondence  relative  to  the  Canal,  Clayton- 
Bulwer  Treaty,  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine) .  —  Correspon 
dence  relating  to  Spanish  American  colonies,  Am.  State 
Papers  Foreign,  III,  538-545.  —  Report  on  South  America, 
State  Papers,  15  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  48.  —  President  Mon 
roe's  Message  (1823),  State  Papers,  18  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  2; 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  II,  218.  —  Proceedings  of  the 
Panama  Congress,  House  Executive  Documents,  19  Cong., 
1  sess.,  No.  157;  19  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  23.  —  On  the  Isth 
mian  Canal,  Senate  Executive  Documents,  32  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  7.  —  On  the  Central  American  Question,  House  Execu 
tive  Documents,  34  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  1.  —  On  Mexican 
Affairs,  House  Executive  Documents,  39  Cong.,  1  sess.,  Nos. 
6,  20,  56,  73,  93,  137;  39  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  76;  40  Cong., 
1  sess.,  No.  20.  —  Message  of  President  Grant  on  Cuba, 
Senate  Executive  Documents,  41  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  99.  — 
Documents  on  the  Venezuela  Question  (1895),  54  Cong., 
1  sess.,  Nos.  31,  189,  195,  804,  806.  —  Papers  on  Venezuela 
Arbitration,  Senate  Documents,  58  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  316. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Turner, 
Rise  of  the  New  West  (Am.  Nation,  XIV),  ch.  xii.  —  J.  B. 
McMaster,  With  the  Fathers,  1-54.  —  T.  B.  Edgington, 
Monroe  Doctrine.  —  S.  M.  Hamilton,  Monroe  Doctrine.  — 
J.  A.  Kasson,  Evolution  of  the  Constitution,  221-273.  - 
A.  T.  Mahan,  Lessons  of  the  War  with  Spain,  207-241.- 
J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  131-168.  —  J.  Schouler, 
United  States,  III,  280-304,  329-332,  358-366;  IV,  532, 
533;  V,  219,  311-315;  VI,  427-436,  535,  621,  622.  —  J.  F. 
Rhodes,  United  States,  VI,  205-211.  — E.  B.  Andrews, 
.Last  Quarter  Century.  II,  1.  —  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  228- 


310  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  183 

246.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations,  ch.  vii.  —  D.  C.  Oilman, 
James  Monroe,  ch.  vii.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  Essays  on  Disputed 
Questions,  89-162.  —  M.  D.  de  Beaumarchais,  Doctrine  de 
Monroe.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am.  Diplomacy,  438- 
478.  —  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  No.  4. 

-  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics,  237-427. — W.  E.  Curtis, 
U.    S.    and   Foreign   Powers,    93-106.  —  T.   Lyman,  Diplo 
macy  of  the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  II,  467-489.  —  J.  W.  Burgess, 
Recent  Pseudo-Monroeism  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XI,  44-67). 

-  J.  B.  Moore,  Monroe  Doctrine  (Ibid.,  XI,  1-29).  — D.  R. 
Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  xix. — 
J.   H.    Latane,   America  as  a   World   Power    (Am.    Nation, 
XXV),  chs.  xv,  xvi. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  96-113. — 
T.  J.  Lawrence,  International  Law,  131-135,  247-251.— 
Lawrence's  Wheaton,  124  w,  155-159.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  In 
ternational  Law,  137-150.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries, 
250-258.  —  H.  Petin,  Etats-Unis  et  la  Doctrine  de  Monroe. 
—  G.  F.  Tucker,  Monroe  Doctrine. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Would  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
apply  to  a  German  protectorate  of  Brazil? — (2)  Did  the 
Monroe  Doctrine  apply  in  1823  to  Cuba? — (3)  Did  the 
Monroe  Doctrine  ever  apply  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands? 

§  184.  Paper  No.  18.  Responsibility  of  a  Government  for  not 
carrying  out  a  Treaty. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§121,  122,  297;  cf.  Paper 
No.  10,  Manual,  §  176. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitra 
tions,  V,  4457-4485.  —  S.  B.  Crandall,  Treaties,  their  Mak 
ing  and  Enforcement,  106-147. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VI,  §§  1022- 
1031;  VII,  ch.  xxii.  —  E.  W.  Huffcut,  International  Liability 
for  Mob  Injuries  (Annals  Am.  A  cad.  Pol.  Sci.,  II,  69-84).  — 
J.  W.  Burgess,  Federal  Government  and  International  Respon 
sibility  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  VI,  338). 


§  184]  DIPLOMATIC  311 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Foster  v.  Neilson  (1829),  2  Peters,  253, 
314;  8  Curtis,  108,  121.  —  Head  Money  Cases  (1884),  112 
U.  S.,  580,  597.  —  Geofroy  v.  Riggs  (1889),  133  U.  S., 
258. —  New  Orleans  v.  Abbagnato  (1894),  62  Federal 
Reporter,  240;  Scott,  Cases,  320  and  note. 

SOURCES.  —  Official  Correspondence  on  New  Orleans 
Mobs  (1890),  Senate  Executive  Documents,  32  Cong.,  1  sess.; 
I,  60-66;  IX,  No.  86;  House  Executive  Documents,  52  Cong., 
1  sess.,  I,  658-728.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  181- 
183.  —  Documents  on  Japanese  in  San  Francisco  Schools 
(1907),  Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  104.  - 
Message  of  President,  Congressional  Record,  59  Cong.,  2  sess., 
XLI,  491. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  G.  Sumner, 
Andrew  Jackson  (ed.  1890),  170,  171,  295,  343-348;  (ed. 
1900),  216-218,  344,  402-408.  —  M.  Bernard,  Lectures  on 
Diplomacy,  163-205.  —  Japanese  in  California  (World's 
Work,  XIII,  8689).  — J.  A.  Hart,  Oriental  Problem  (Ibid., 
XIII,  8690.)  —  W.  Inglis,  Reasons  for  California's  Attitude 
(Harper's  Weekly,  LI,  82).  — J.  Kahm,  The  Question  of 
Jo.pan  (Independent,  LXII,  26).  —  J.  L.  Cowan,  Japanese 
Question  (Overland,  New  Series,  XLIX,  87).  —  G.  Kennan, 
Japanese  in  San  Francisco  Schools  (Outlook,  LXXXVI,  246) . 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  International 
(3d  ed.),  Ill,  142-156,  388-393.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International 
Law  (4th  ed.),  345-349.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  455-460.  - 
H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker  ed.),  I,  231-234, 
237-242.  —  J.  Bryce,  Legal  and  Constitutional  Aspects  of 
the  Lynching  at  New  Orleans  (New  Review,  IV,  385).  —  E. 
Root,  Real  Question  under  the  Japanese  Treaty  (Am.  Journal 
of  International  Law,  I,  273).  —  Javanese  Situation  (Ibid., 
I,  449-452). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  United  States 
bound  in  international  law  by  the  arbitration  award  of 
1331  as  to  the  Maine  boundary?  —  (2)  Can  a  country  got 


312  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  184 

out  of  obligations  incurred  by  treaty,  by  holding  itself 
subject  to  a  money  indemnity?  —  (3)  Is  a  state  bound  to 
receive  such  persons  as  may  be  admitted  under  a  treaty? 

§  185.  Paper  No.  19.  Government  of  Military  Conquests  pre 
vious  to  Cession. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  39,  40,  79,  80;  cf.  Manual, 
§§  163,  173,  194. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays 
in  Historical  Criticism,  No.  9.  —  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific 
States,  VIII,  448,  529,  530;  XVII,  chs.  ix,  xvii.  —  J.  H. 
Hittell,  California,  II,  458-468,  573,  637,  655-672. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §87;  VII, 
§§  1143-1156.  — C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.), 
IV,  212-235,  387-395.  — W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law 
(4th  ed.),  481-504,  587-595.  —  J.  E.  Magoon,  Military 
Occupation. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  364-380. 
-U.  S.  v.  Rice  (1819),  4  Wheaton,  246;  4  Curtis,  391; 
J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  655.  —  Am.  Insurance  Co.  v.  Canter 
(1828),  4  Peters,  511;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  657.  —  Fleming  v. 
Page  (1851),  9  Howard,  603;  18  Curtis,  278;  J.  B.  Scott, 
Cases,  659.  —  Jecker  v.  Montgomery  (1861),  13  Howard, 
498;  19  Curtis,  615;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  664.  —  U.  S.  v. 
Moreno  (1863),  1  Wallace,  400,  404;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases, 
666.  — New  Orleans  v.  Steamship  Co.  (1874),  20  Wallace, 
387.  —  Mechanics  Bank  v.  Union  Bank  (1875),  22  Wallace, 
276.  —  Harrison  v.  Myer  (1875),  92  U.  S.,  111.  — G^tes  v. 
Goodloe  (1879),  101  U.  S.,  612.  —  De  Lima  v.  Bidwell  (1900), 
182  U.  S.,  1.  — Dooley  v.  U.  S.  (1900),  182  U.  S.,  £22.— 
Armstrong  v.  U.  S.  (1900),  182  U.  S.,  243.  —  Dowries  v. 
Bidwell  (1900),  182  U.  S.,  244.  —  Huus  v.  New  York  & 
Steamship  Co.  (1900),  182  U.  S.,  392.  —  Diamond  Kings 
Cases  (1901),  183  U.  S.,  176;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  667. 


§  186]  DIPLOMATIC  313 

SOURCES.  —  Military  government  of  Mexico,  House  Ex 
ecutive  Documents,  29  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1846),  No.  19;  30  Cong., 
2  sess.  (1849),  No.  47.  —  Military  government  of  California, 
W.  Colton,  Three  Years  in  California,  17,  47,  55,  65;  W. 
T.  Sherman,  Memoirs,  I,  30,  31,  36,  37,  40,  41.  —  Military 
Government  of  the  Philippines  and  Porto  Rico.  (See 
Paper  No.  12,  Manual,  §  178.) 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  R.  D.  Hunt,  Legal  Status  of 
California,  1846-1849  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XII, 
387-408).  —  C.  Becker,  Acquisition  and  Government  of 
Dependent  Territory  (Ibid.,  XVI,  404-420).  — E.  Freund, 
Control  of  Dependencies  through  Protectorates  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  XIV,  19-38).  —  J.  Kent,  Commentaries,  I,  93rc.  - 
Lawrence's  Wheaton,  G82-685n.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  note 
169.  —  H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker  ed.),  II, 
444-460,  493-507. —  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d 
ed.),  Ill,  812-816. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Had  Kearney  the  right  to 
ordain  a  civil  constitution  for  New  Mexico?  —  (2)  Could 
Congress  have  provided  a  civil  form  of  government  for 
California  previous  to  1848?  —  (3)  Could  the  President  lay 
taxes  on  Porto  Rico  for  the  support  of  the  local  govern 
ment  previous  to  1899? 

§  186.   Paper  No.  20.   The  Mosquito  Question. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§79,  80,  187,  196;  cf.  Paper 
No.  30,  Manual,  §  196. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  P.  Garrison,  West 
ward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  286-293.  —  T.  C. 
Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  ch.  vi, 
and  253,  257.  —  W.  F.  Johnson,  Four  Centuries  of  the 
Panama  Canal,  ch.  iv.  —  I.  D.  Travis,  Clayton-Bulwer 
Treaty,  ch.  i. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  ,!.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§354, 
367.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  70n,  71n,  369,  370,  455n. 


314  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  186 

SOURCES.  —  G.  Henderson,  British  Honduras.  —  E.  G. 
Squier,  Nicaragua,  II,  250-302,  412-452.  — P.  F.  Stout, 
Nicaragua,  chs.  xvii-xxvii. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Correspondence,  Senate  Executive 
Documents,  31  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1851),  No.  43;  32  Cong.,  2 
sess.  (1853),  Nos.  12,  27.  —  House  Executive  Documents,  31 
Cong.,  1  sess.  (1850),  No.  75.  —  [British]  Parliamentary 
Papers  (1856),  LX  [2052],  [2107];  (1860),  LXVIII  [2748]. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  B.  Edging- 
ton,  Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  v.  —  H.  H.  Bancroft,  Pacific 
States,  III,  ch.  xii.  —  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  353,  354. 

—  F.    Snow,    Treaties  and   Topics,   326-347.  —  J.   C.   Rod- 
rigues,    Panama    Canal,    26-37,     173-232.  —  J.    Schouler, 
United  States,  V,    174-177,    310-312,    339-342,    365,    454. 

—  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  159-167. — 
C.  P.  Lucas,  Historical  Geography  of  the  British  Colonies,  II, 
ch.  ix.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  Essays  on  Disputed  Questions,  No. 
3.  —  G.  T.  Curtis,  James  Buchanan,  I,  ch.  xxii;  II,  ch.  v. 

—  L.  M.  Keasbey,  Nicaragua  Canal  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine, 
chs.  v-iii-xii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Had  Great  Britain  at  any 
time    a    genuine    protectorate    of   the    Mosquito    Coast?  — 
(2)  Was  Belize  included  in  the  Clayton-Bui wer  Treaty? 

§  187.  Paper  No.  21.  Application  of  Personal  Status  in  a 
Foreign  Country. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Manual,  cf.  Paper  No.  11,  Manual,  §  177. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  In 
ternational  Arbitrations,  III,  2449-3424. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  II,  §§197— 
202,  250-266.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.), 
§§  62,  71-74,  87.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Extraterritorial  Crime  and 
the  Cutting  Case. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  172-174, 
225-229.  —  U.  S.  v.  Davis  (1873),  2  Sumner  (U.  S.),  482; 


§  187]  DIPLOMATIC  315 

J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  294.  —  State  v.  Wyckoff  (1864),  2  Vroom 
(N.  J.),  65;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  294.  —  U.  S.  v.  Smiley  (1864), 
6  Sawyer  (U.  S.),  640;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  302.  —  Common 
wealth  v.  Macloon  (1869),  101  Mass.,  1;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases, 
300;  Commented  on  in  Bishop's  New  Criminal  Law,  I, 
60-66,  and  notes.  —  Commonwealth  v.  Blanding  (1825), 
3  Pickering  (Mass.),  304;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  300n.  —  Cutting 
Case  (1886),  House  Executive  Documents,  49  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  371.  —  Folliott  v.  Ogden  (1789),  1  H.  Black.,  123, 
135.  —  Wolff  v.  Oxholm  (1817),  6  Maule  &  Selwyn,  99.- 
Macleod  v.  Attorney-General  (1841),  1891,  Appeal  Cases, 
455.  —  Commonwealth  v.  Green,  17  Mass.,  514,  539-543. 
-Scovill  v.  Canfield,  14  Johnson  (N.  Y.),  338,  440.- 
U.  S.  v.  Pelican  Insurance  Co.  (1887),  127  U.  S.,  265, 
289-291;  commented  on  in  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law 
(4th  ed.  ),  218-222. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  T.  E.  Holland,  Jurisprudence 
(9th  ed.),  400-405.  —  F.  Wharton,  Philosophy  of  Criminal 
Law,  309  et  seq.  —  L.  von  Bar,  Private  International  Law 
(Gillespie's  Translation),  620  et  seq.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  Foreign 
Powers  and  Jurisdiction  of  the  British  Crown,  1-15.  —  H.  Bon- 
fils,  Droit  International,  §§  436-438.— F.  de  Martens,  Droit 
International,  I,  §§85-86.  —  A.  Rivier,  Droit  International, 
I,  271,  867.  —  H.  Taylor,  International  Public  Law,  §§  194- 
197. —  F.  Wharton,  Conflict  of  Laws  (2d  ed.),  §§809-813, 
1810.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  I73n-I77n,  508n,  917-93  .- 
R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  I,  443-459;  II, 
3-7.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  International  Law,  §§204—214. — 
J.  C.  Bluntschli,  Droit  International  (2d  ed.),  221-234.— 
F.  Snow,  International  Law,  §§  15,  24. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Is  a  Russian  travelling  in 
America  entitled  to  trial  by  jury  if  indicted  for  a  crime?  — 
(2)  Is  an  American  in  Germany  entitled  to  sell  railroad 
bonds  there? — (3)  Could  an  American  be  imprisoned  in 
England  without  charge  of  probable  crime? 


316  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  188 

§  188.  Paper  No.  22,  Effect  of  Lincoln's  Blockade  Proclama 
tions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  49,50,81,  82.  —  cf .  Paper 
No.  13,  Manual,  §  179.  —  Guide,  §  212. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  R.  Soley,  Block 
ade  and  Cruisers,  chs.  ii-vi.  —  Nicolay  and  Hay,  Abraham 
Lincoln,  IV,  ch.  xv.  —  M.  Bernard,  Neutrality  of  Great 
Britain,  79,  90,  226-246.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am. 
Diplomacy,  366.  — J.  F.  Rhodes,  United  States,  III,  417- 
421w.  —  F.  Bancroft,  W.  H.  Seward,  II,  ch.  xxii. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  188-193.  — 
W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  39-42,  718-725. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  254-259, 
490-502. —  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  796-844.  —  Prize  Cases 
(1863),  2  Black,  635;  4  Miller,  876;  Lawrence's  Wheaton, 
Suppl.,  13-33. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  116.  —  Lincoln's  block 
ade  proclamations,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  VI,  14,  15; 
A.  Lincoln,  Works,  II,  35,  38.  —  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia, 
1861,  pp.  70-72;  1862,  pp.  193-197;  1863,  pp,  765-769.- 
F.  B.  Butts,  A  Cruise  along  the  Blockade.  —  T.  E.  Taylor, 
Running  the  Blockade.  —  W.  Watson,  Adventures  of  a 
Blockade-runner.  —  J.  Wilkinson,  Narrative  of  a  Blockade- 
runner. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  T.  D.  Woolsey,  International 
Law  (6th  ed.),  202-206.  —  F.  Snow,  International  Law, 
§§62,  63.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  819-850n.  —  Dana's 
Wheaton,  notes  233,  235.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  International  Law, 
460,  516-526.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §§233-235.- 
T.  J.  Lawrence,  International  Law,  §  270.  —  J.  Kent,  Com 
mentaries,  I,  143-153.  —  J.  P.  Deane,  Law  of  Blockade.  — 
C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  V,  145-147.  —  W. 
DeBurgh,  Maritime  International  Law,  ch.  vii. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  blockade  procla 
mation  a  discrimination  between  ports? — (2)  Was  the 


§  189]  DIP  WHAT  1C  317 

blockade  a  commercial  or  international  act?  —  (3)  Were 
United  States  merchant  vessels  subject  to  capture  on  inter 
national  grounds  if.  they  tried  to  run  into  a  southern  port? 

§  189.   Paper  No.  23.   Doctrine  of  Continuous  Voyages. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§81,  82;  cf.  Paper  No.  13, 
Manual,  §  170.  —  Guide,  §§  170,  212. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  I,  694,  695;  V,  3928-3935.  —  H.  Adams,  United 
States,  II,  327-329;  III,  44,  45,  50-53,  409-411.  — F.  Ban 
croft,  W.  H.  Seward,  II,  376-380. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§  1180, 
1256-1261.  — J.  C.  Bluntschli,  Droit  International  (3d  ed.), 
§§  827-840.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  694; 
695. 

SOURCES. —  J.  Madison,  Writings,  II,  213,  214,  229,  391. 
—  Seizure  of  the  Peterhoff-Papers  relating  to  the  Illegal 
Seizure  of  the  Springbok,  in  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia,  1863, 
pp.  765-769.  —  Official  correspondence,  British  Parlia 
mentary  Papers,  1863,  LXXII,  [3119],  pp.  280-293,  [3183], 
[3195].  —  House  Executive  Documents,  37  Cong.,  1  sess. 
(1862),  I,  293-306,  381;  38  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1863),  I,  536, 
539-557. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  The  "Essex"  (1806),  5  C.  Robinson, 
369;  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  334.  —  The  " William" 
(1806),  5  C.  Robinson,  385;  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions, 
505;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  848;  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  333. 
-  Jecker  v.  Montgomery  (1855),  18  Howard,  114;  1  Miller, 
94.  — The  " Stephen  Hart"  (1863),  Blatchford's  Prize 
Cases,  387;  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  509;  J.  B.  Scott, 
Cases,  852;  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  335.  —  "  The  Ber 
muda,"  3  Wallace,  514.  —  The  "Springbok"  (1863),  5  Wal 
lace,  1;  P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  337.  —  The  "Peterhoff  " 
(1866),  5  Wallace,  28;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  760;  P.  Cobbett, 
Leading  Cases,  338. 


318  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  189 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  R.  Hildreth, 
United  States,  V,  562-565,  657,  658.  —  J.  B.  McMaster, 

United  States,  III,  222-228.  — T.  Lyman,  Diplomacy  of 
the  U.  S.  (2d  ed.),  II,  5-9.  —  J.  M.  Callahan,  Diplomatic 
Hist,  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  171-176.  —  A.  T.  Mahan, 
Sea  Power  and  French  Revolution,  II,  268,  269.  —  M.  Ber 
nard,  Neutrality  of  Great  Britain,  299-319. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  Westlake,  Continuous  Voy 
ages  in  Relation  to  Contraband  of  War  (Law  Quarterly  Rev., 
XV,  24.  —  J.  D.  White,  Seizure  of  the  Bundesrath  (Law  Quar 
terly  Rev.,  XVII,  12).  —  T.  Twiss,  Continuous  Voyages  (Law 
Magazine  and  Rev.,  4th  ser.,  Ill,  1).  —  A.  Rivier,  Droit 
International,  II,  432-434.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  International 
Law,  §  276.  —  G.  Gessner,  Re  forme  du  Droit  Maritime  de 
la  Guerre  (Revue  de  Droit  International,  VII,  236-255). — 
Principes  appliques  dans  I' Affaire  du  Springbok  (Revue  de 
Droit  International,  XIV,  328-331).  — R.  Phillimore,  In 
ternational  Law  (3d  ed.),  Ill,  382-384.  —  T.  D.  Woolsey, 
International  Law  (6th  ed.),  §  207.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  In 
ternational  (4th  ed.),  V,  43-50.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton, 
777n-779n,  816n,  817n,  960-976.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  note 
231.  — H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker  ed.),  II, 
336-339.  —  R.  Kleen,  Contrabande  de  Guerre,  30-37.  —  H. 
Glass,  Marine  International  Law,  95-97.  —  T.  Twiss,  Doc 
trine  of  Continuous  Voyages.  —  T.  E.  Holland,  Manual  of 
Naval  Prize,  15,  22,  38n.  —  J.  Kent,  Commentaries,  85n.  — 
L.  Gessner,  Condemnation  of  the  Cargo  of  the  Springbok.  — 
T.  Twiss,  Belligerent  Rights  on  the  High  Seas,  18-32. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  Germany  justified  in 
seizing  munitions  of  war  bound  to  Delagoa  Bay  in  1902, 
the  Transvaal  having  no  seaport?  —  (2)  Could  a  blockade 
runner  in  ballast  bound  from  Wilmington  to  Nassau  be 
captured? —  (3)  In  the  Russian- Japanese  War  of  1904  could 
provision  ships  bound  to  Japan  be  captured  by  Russian 
vessels? 


§  190]  DIPLOMATIC  319 

§  190.   Paper  No.  24.   Consequential  Damages. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  83,  84;  179.  —  Guide,  §  212. 

SELECT    HISTORICAL    DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.    A.    Dunning, 
Reconstruction  (Am.  Nation,  XXII),   161-163,   166-170.- 
J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  I,  555-560,  623-628;  IV,  4057- 
4178. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th 
ed.),  §§217,  221-225.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  International  Law, 
459-502.  —  J.  C.  Bluntschli,  Opinion  Impartiale  sur  la 
Question  de  V Alabama  (Revue  de  Droit  International,  II, 
452). 

SOURCES.  —  J.  Bigelow,  France  and  the  Confederate  Navy. 
—  J.  D.  Bullock,  Secret  Service  of  the  Confederate  States, 
I,  chs.  ii,  v.  —  R.  Semmes,  Service  Afloat.  —  A.  Sinclair, 
Two  Years  in  the  Alabama.  —  J.  C.  B.  Davis,  Mr.  Fish 
and  the  Alabama  Claims.  —  Am.  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1862), 
380-384;  (1863),  340-350;  (1867),  267-272;  (1868),  215-217; 
(1870),  227,  228;  (1871),  253-263;  (1872),  239-263.  —  A nnual 
Register  (1872),  part  i,  88-118. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Correspondence,  Foreign  Relations 
(1863),  part  i,  pp.  4-9,  32-47,  59-79,  89-93,  157-160,  183, 
256,  306-308,  356-364,  379-381,  392-396;  (1865),  part  i, 
pp.  311,  316-320,  335,  395-397,  554-561,  576-610,  631-650, 
660,  668-670;  (1866),  part  i,  pp.  59,  68,  74,  89;  (1867),  part  i, 
pp.  36,  41-43,  75,  123,  191-193,  209-211;  (1868),  part  i, 
pp.  159-173  (same  documents  in  House  Executive  Docu 
ments  No.  1,  of  the  sessions  of  Congress  covered  by  these 
years).  — W.  H.  Seward,  Works  (Baker  ed.),  V,  408-410, 
446-470,  475,  476.  —  Geneva  arbitration,  House  Executive 
Documents,  42  Cong.,  3  sess.  (1873),  I,  parts  ii-v.  —  F. 
Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  402-461.  —  U.  S.  Treaties  and 
Conventions  (ed.  1889),  413-430. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  C.  Gushing, 
Treaty  of  Washington,  ch.  ii.  —  C.  F.  Adams,  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  307-315,  357,  380-397.  —  C.  C.  Beaman,  National 


320  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  190 

and  Private  Alabama  Claims.  —  G.  Bemis,  Precedents  of 
Am.  Neutrality.  —  M.  Bernard,  Neutrality  of  Great  Britain, 
151-170,  331-439,  480-496.  —  J.  G.  Blaine,  Twenty  Years 
of  Congress,  II,  ch.  xx.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Century  of  Am. 
Diplomacy,  384-387,  422-428. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  H.  W.  Halleck,  International 
Law  (Baker  ed.),  II,  183-195.  —  R.  Phillimore,  Interna 
tional  Law  (3d  ed.),  Ill,  250-282.  —  Dana's  Wheaton,  425, 
428,  435-439,  note  215.  —  F.  Snow,  International  Law, 
§§58-60.  — T.  D.  Woolsey,  International  Law,  §§  163-170. 
—  T.  J.  Lawrence,  International  Law,  §§  258-263. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  United  States  jus 
tified  in  claiming  damages  for  the  shock  to  American  ship 
ping  caused  by  the  captures  by  the  Alabama?  —  (2)  Did  the 
United  States  expect  to  receive  anything  for  consequential 


§  191.  Paper  No.  25.   Responsibility  for  Filibusters. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  cf.  Paper  No.  6,  Manual,  §  194.  — 
Guide,  §  199. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  F.  Rhodes,  United 
States,  VI,  ch.  ii.  —  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba  and  International 
Relations,  chs.  vii-ix. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  !.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  VII,  §§  1299, 
1300. —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  613-616, 
627,  628. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  U.  S.  v.  Trumbull  (1891),  48  Fed.,  99; 
Scott,  Cases,  731.  — The  " Salvador7'  (1873),  5  Privy  Coun 
cil  Rep.,  218;  Scott,  Cases,  743.  —  The  "Three  Friends" 
(1896),  166  U.  S.,  1;  Scott,  Cases,  748. 

SOURCES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  402-420,  443- 
459.  —  C.  Carlisle,  Laws  of  Neutrality  (Documents  and 
Cases) .  —  Messages  of  Taylor,  Fillmore,  Grant,  and  Cleve 
land,  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  V,  VIII,  IX,  636,  718- 
721. 


§  192]  DIPLOMATIC  321 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane, 
U.  S.  and  Spanish  America,  107-113,  148.  —  Dupuy  de 
Lome,  in  C.  Carlisle,  Laws  of  Neutrality,  I.  —  J.  J.  Lalor, 
Cyclopaedia,  II,  184.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  United  States  (see 
Index  volume). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  728-733. 

—  Dana's  Wheaton,   §  23,  note   15.  —  R.  Phillimore,  Inter 
national  Law,  III,  247-250.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  International 
Law,  438-457.  —  H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker 
ed.),  II,  199-204  and  notes. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Was  the  United  States 
responsible  in  damages  for  letting  Americans  depart  to  land 
in  Cuba  in  1896?  —(2)  Was  Spain  justified  in  executing 
the  Americans  taken  with  arms  in  their  hands  in  1873? 

§  192.     Paper  No.  26.     Right  of  Expatriation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§83,  84;  cf.  Paper  No.  11, 
Manual,  §  177. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclo- 
pcedia,  II,  959-963.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitrations,  III,  2560- 
2583. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§431- 
469.  — W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  239-255. 

—  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  160w,  891-930. 

SOURCES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  213-219.  - 
D.  Webster,  Works,  VI,  454.  —  T.  Jefferson,  Writings 
(Washington  ed.),  73.  —  J.  Adams,  Works,  IX,  313,  314, 
321;  X,  282.  —  Opinions  of  the  Attorneys  General,  VIII, 
157;  IX,  62-64,  356-363;  XII,  319-326;  XIV,  154-157, 
295-301.  —  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  on  the  Laws 
of  Naturalization  and  Allegiance  (Parliamentary  Papers, 
1868-69,  XXV,  4109).  —  Official  correspondence,  Tousig 
Case  (1853),  House  Executive  Documents,  33  Cong.,  1  sess. 
(1854),  VIII,  No.  41.  — Koszta  Case  (1852),  House  Executive 
Documents,  33  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1854),  XI,  No.  91.  — Com- 


322  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  192 

pulsory  military  service,  Senate  Executive  Documents,  36 
Cong.,  1  sess.  (1860),  XI,  No.  38.  —  Naturalization  trea 
ties,  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions  (ed.  1889),  37,  38,  43, 
49,  66-68,  563-565,  790,  791.  — F.  Snow,  Treaties  and 
Topics,  230-234.  —  F.  Wharton,  Conflict  of  Laws,  §  4rc.  - 
Federal  Statute  of  July  27,  1868,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large, 
XV,  223.  —  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  375.  —  Act  of  June  29,  1906. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  ^Eneas  MacDonald's  Case  (1747),  Fos 
ter's  Crown  Law,  59;  18  Ho  well,  State  Trials,  857; 
J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  370.  —  Talbot  v.  Janson,  3  Dallas, 
133;  1  Curtis,  128.  —  William's  Case  (1797),  F.  Wharton, 
State  Trials,  652;  J.  B.  Scott,  Cases,  372.  —  Murray  v. 
Schooner  Charming  Betsy  (1804),  2  Cranch,  64;  1  Curtis, 
450. —  The  Santissima  Trinidad  (1822),  7  Wheaton,  283, 
347;  5  Curtis,  268,  278.  —  Inglis  v.  Trustees  of  the  Sailor's 
Snug  Harbor  (1830),  3  Peters,  99,  125;  8  Curtis,  305,  317. 
-  Shanks  v.  Dupont  (1830),  3  Peters,  242;  8  Curtis,  395.  - 
Minor  v.  Happersett  (1874),  21  Wallace,  162. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  C.   Calvo,   Droit  International 
(4th  ed.),   II,   38-41,  58,   64-68,  71-73,   115,   116,   126.- 
Dana's  Wheaton,  notes  49,  78.  —  G.  H.  Yeaman,  Allegiance 
and    Citizenship.  —  P.    Webster,    Law    of    Citizenship.  —  J. 
T.  Morse,  Expatriation  and  Naturalization  (North  Am.  Rev., 
CVI,    612-629).  — J.    Kent,    Commentaries,    II,    43-50.- 
Alexander   Cockburn,  Nationality.  —  C.  P.  Daly,  Naturali 
zation.  —  T.  A.  Walker,   International  Law,  I,  350-360.  - 
Tucker's  Blackstone,  I,  96.  —  F.  Wharton,  Conflict  of  Laws, 
§§2-4,    40.  —  R.    Phillimore,    International   Law    (3d   ed.), 
I,  446-453;  IV,  29,  30,  274-279. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Does  a  declaration  of  in 
tention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  give  a 
man  any  right  of  protection  in  foreign  countries? — (2) 
May  a  naturalized  citizen  who  has  lost  his  citizenship  by 
residence  abroad  be  naturalized  a  second  time? — (3)  May 
an  American  be  banished  by  a  state  government? 


§  193]  DIPLOMATIC  323 

§  193.  Paper  No.  27.  Control  of  Seal  Catching. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  85,  86,  180. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  B.   Moore,  Arbi 
trations,  I,  755-760;  III,  2123-2131;  V,  4759-4767,  5067.  - 
J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions,  Part  I. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§  170-173. 
-C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  471,  489;  VI, 
370-446.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  146- 
166,  267w. 

SOURCES.  —  Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  6.  —  Contemporaries, 
IV,  §  178;  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  184-194,  521- 
528.  —  Annual  Register  (1892),  part  i,  346-348.  —  Am. 
Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1891),  834-836;  (1893),  79-86. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Correspondence,  1886-1896,  British 
and  Foreign  State  Papers,  LXXIX,  1240-1306;  LXXXI, 
1072-1091;  LXXXIII,  306-357;  LXXXIV,  453-590; 
LXXXV,  1158-1169;  LXXXVI,  1312-1320;  LXXXVII, 
1119-1165;  LXXXVIII,  8-13;  LXXXIX,  776-957  (the 
same  documents  are  in  Foreign  Relations,  and  in  House 
Documents,  No.  1,  of  the  several  sessions  of  Congress  cov 
ered  by  these  years  (see  the  Indexes,  s.  v.  Bering  Sea). — 
Bering  Sea  arbitration,  Senate  Executive  Documents,  53 
Cong.,  2  sess.  (1894),  VII,  No.  177.  —  J.  D.  Richardson, 
Messages,  IX,  14,  110,  146,  313,  394,  474-498,  583,  630, 
631,  691-693. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  The  Fur  Seal 
Question  (Am.  Journal  of  International  Law,  I,  742-748).  — 
S.  B.  Stanton,  Behring  Sea  Dispute,  ch.  vi.  —  S.  B.  Stan- 
ton,  Behring  Sea  Controversy.  —  J.  Stanley-Brown,  Behring 
Sea  Controversy  from  an  Economic  Standpoint  (Yale  Rev., 
II,  196-210).  — P.  Cobbett,  Leading  Cases,  359-363.- 
E.  J.  Phelps,  Behring  Sea  Controversy  (Harper's  Magazine, 
LXXXII,  766-774). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  T.  J.  Lawrence,  International 
Law,  §  106. —  Dana's  Wheaton,  §§  168-171.  — T.  D.  Wool- 


324  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  193 

sey,  International  Law  (6th  ed.),  §§59,  60.  —  F.  Snow, 
Treaties  and  Topics,  471-509.  —  T.  A.  Walker,  Interna 
tional  Law,  175-204.  —  T.  B.  Browning,  Behring  Sea  Con 
troversy  (Law  Quarterly  Rev,,  VII,  128).  —  G.  H.  Knott, 
Arbitration  of  Behring  Sea  Controversy  (Am.  Law  Rev., 
XXVII,  684). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Are  codfish  "ferae  naturae"? 

—  (2)  If  Russia  still  claimed  open  sea  jurisdiction  in  1886, 
was  the  United  States  justified  in  seizing  British  sealers 
in  1886? —  (3)  Is  the  destruction  of  whales  "contra  bonos 
mores' '  ? 

§  194.   Paper  No.  28.   Protectorate  of  Cuba. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  85,  86,  172,  175;  cf.  Papers 
Nos.  16,  17,  25,  Manual,  §§  182,  183,  191. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane*,  Amer 
ica  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  chs.  i,  x.  —  W. 
F.  Johnson,  Century  of  Expansion,  264-276.  —  T.  S.  Wool- 
sey,  America's  Foreign  Policy,  7-111. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §48;  VI, 
§§906-910,  950-952.  —  C.  Carlisle,  Laws  of  Neutrality, 
I,  II. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §§  180-184.  —  Source- 
Book,  §§  140-144. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Treaty  of  Peace  with  Spain, 
Statutes  at  Large,  XXX,  1754-1762.  —  Treaty  and  Docu 
ments,  Senate  Documents,  55  Cong.,  3  sess.,  No.  62,  part  i. 

—  Reports   of   Governors   of   Cuba,    House   Documents,    56 
Cong.,  1  sess.   (1899),  VII;  2  sess.  (1900).  —  Joint  Resolu 
tion  of  April  20,  1898,  Statutes  at  Large,  XXX,  738,  739.  - 
Provisions  in  Army  Appropriation  Bill   (1901),  Statutes  at 
Large,  XXXI,   897,   898.  —  Act  fixing  Duties  on  Imports 
from  Cuba,   Statutes  at   Large,   XXXIII,    Part   i,   3,   4. - 
Treaty  of  May  22,  1903,  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXIII,  Part  ii, 
2248-2253.  —  Constitution   of   Cuba    (1898),    Senate   Docu- 


§  194]  DIPLOMATIC  325 

ments,  55  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  129.  —  Report  on  Franchises 
in  Cuba   (1898),  Senate  Documents,  55  Cong.,  3  sess.,  No. 

110.  —  Report  of  Secretary  of  War  on  Garrisons  in  Cuba 
(1898),    House    Documents,   55   Cong.,   3  sess.,    No.   85.  - 
Report   of   Secretary   of   War   on   Elections  (1899),  Senate 
Documents,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  243.  —  Platt  Amendment 
and  Debates,  Congressional  Record,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  2954, 
3025,    3026,    3036,    3132-3135,    3145-3152,    3331-3384.- 
Petition  as  to  Trade  Relations  (1901-1902),  Senate  Docu 
ments,  57  Cong.,   1  sess.,  No.  73.  —  Message  of  President 
Roosevelt  on  Trade  Relations,  Senate  Documents,  57  Cong., 
1  sess.,  No.  405. —  Documents  on  Affairs   in   Cuba,  Senate 
Documents,  58  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  312;  59  Cong.,   1  sess., 
No.  462.  —  Compilation  of  Laws  relating  to  Cuba,  Senate 
Documents,  59  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  204.  —  Reoccupation  of 
Cuba  (1906),  see  U.  S.  documents. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  K.  Bangs, 
Uncle  Sam  Trustee.  —  A.  G.  Robinson,  Cuba  and  Interven 
tion.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  United  States  and  Spanish  America,  ch. 

111.  —  J.  M.  Callahan,  Cuba  and  International  Relations,  ch. 
xxiv. —  O.  H.  Platt,  Our  Relations  with  the  People  of  Cuba 
and  Porto  Rico  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVIII,  143).  - 
J.  H.  Latane,  Intervention  of  the  U.  S.  in  Cuba  (North  Am. 
Rev.,  CLXVI,  350).  —  H.  Taylor,  Review  of  the  Cuban  Ques 
tion  (Ibid.,  CLXV,  610). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law 
(4th  ed.),  130-136.  —  T.  Twiss,  Law  of  Nations,  §§26,  30. 
-C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed.),  I,  203,  204,  363, 
364. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Is  Cuba  bound  to  consider 
the  tariff  policy  of  the  United  States  in  making  treaties 
with  foreign  powers?  —  (2)  Is  Cuba  a  member  of  the 
family  of  nations?  —  (3)  Would  bonds  issued  by  Cuba  in 
contradiction  of  the  Platt  amendment  be  binding  on  the 
Cuban  government? 


326  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  195- 

§  195.   Paper  No.  29.   Policy  of  the  Open  Door. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  86. 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  W.  Foster,  Am. 
Diplomacy  in  the  Orient,  430-438.  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Problem, 
of  Asia,  Nos.  1,  2. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  V,  533-552.  — 
A.  S.  Hershey,  International  Law  and  Diplomacy  of  the  Russo- 
Japanese  War,  2,  24-35,  54-56,  330-338  and  notes,  356-359. 

SOURCES.  —  President's  Message,  Secretary  Hay's  Note 
to  the  Powers,  etc.  —  House  Executive  Documents,  56 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  547.  —  Official  Correspondence,  Foreign 
Relations,  1899-1900  (see  Indexes,  under  China).  —  Annual 
Messages  of  the  Presidents,  1900-1907.  —  Reports,  House 
Reports,  56  Cong.,  1  sess.,  Ill,  No.  769.  —  Memorial  endors 
ing  the  Policy,  Senate  Documents,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  79. 
—  Annual  Cyclopaedia  (1900),  94.  —  International  Year  Book 
(1900),  899. 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Strong,  Ex 
pansion.  —  C.  A.  Conant,  U.  S.  in  the  Orient.  —  Foreign. 
Policy  of  the  U.  S.  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.).  —  J.  M. 
Callahan,  Am.  Relations  in  the  Pacific  and  the  Far  East, 
72-113,  155-164.  — W.  E.  Griffis,  America  in  the  East, 
58-91,  211-225.  — P.  S.  Reinsch,  World  Politics.  — I. 
Nitobe,  Intercourse  between  the  U.  S.  and  Japan,  ch.  iii.  — 
R.  Pinon,  Le  Lutte  pour  le  Pacifique,  Parts  i,  ii.  • —  T.  F. 
Millard,  New  Far  East.  —  C.  Coates,  China  and  the  Open 
Door.  —  A.  Krausse,  Far  East. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Does  the  policy  of  the  open 
door  apply  to  any  other  part  of  Asia  than  China?  —  (2) 
Is  the  policy  of  the  open  door  affected  by  closing  the  door 
on  Asiatic  immigration  into  the  United  States? 

§  196.   Paper  No.  30.   Questions  of  the  Isthmus  Canal. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§85,  86,  175;  cf.  Paper  No. 
20,  Manual,  §§  186,  223.  —  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs. 
for  Debate,  No.  25. 


§  196]  DIPLOMATIC  327 

SELECT  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  G.  P.  Garrison, 
Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xviii.  —  T. 
C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII),  chs. 
vi,  xviii.  —  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  xiii.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Prob 
lems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vii.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  Amer 
ica  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xii. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,   §§336- 
368.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  International  (4th  ed),  I,  507-516.  - 
A.  Phillimore,  International  Law,  I,  304-311. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages,  VII, 
610,  611;  VIII,  327,  328.  —  Reports  of  Isthmian  and  Panama 
Canal  Commissions,  Senate  Documents  (1904),  Nos.  82,  222; 
House  Documents,  58  Cong.,  3  sess.  (1904-1905),  No.  226. 
—  Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  1  sess.  (1905),  No.  127; 
Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1906),  No.  161;  House 
Documents,  No.  444.  —  Message  of  President  Roosevelt  on 
the  Canal,  Dec.  17,  1906,  Congressional  Record,  59  Cong., 
2  sess.,  Part  I,  451-458.  —  Message  and  Other  Documents, 
Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  231.  —  Message  of 
President  Roosevelt  on  proposed  Treaty  with  Colombia, 
Congressional  Record,  58  Cong.,  special  sess.  (1903),  3.  — 
Proposed  Treaty  with  Colombia,  Senate  Documents,  58 
Cong.,  special  sess.,  No.  1.  — Documents  relating  to  the 
Revolution  in  Panama,  House  Documents,  58  Cong.,  1  sess., 
No.  8.  —  Documents  on  Relations  with  Panama,  Senate 
Documents,  58  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1904),  Nos.  75,  166,  208.- 
Report  of  the  Hearing  on  the  Canal,  Senate  Documents,  59 
Cong.,  2  sess.  (1906),  No.  401.  —  Report  of  Committee  on 
an  Interoceanic  Canal,  Senate  Reports,  59  Cong.,  1  sess., 
Nos.  3626,  3627. —  Wilson  v.  Shaw  (1907),  204  U.  S.,  24. 

TREATIES.  —  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty  (1850),  U.  S.  Trea 
ties  and  Conventions  (see  Index) .  —  Hay-Pauncef ote  Treaty 
(1901),  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXII,  1903.  —  Treaty  with 
Panama  (Hay-Varilla),  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXIII,  Part  II, 
2234-2241. 


328  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  196 

ADDITIONAL  HISTORICAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Four  Centuries  of  the  Panama  Canal.  —  T.  B.  Edgington, 
Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xix.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  World  Politics, 
Parts  ii,  iii.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  Neutralization  Features  of  the 
Hay-Pauncefote  Treaty  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Annual  Report, 
1902,  I,  289-303).  — C.  H.  Forbes-Lindsay,  Panama,  the 
Isthmus  and  the  Canal.  —  J.  R.  Smith,  Organization  of 
Ocean  Commerce,  79-101. — •  C.  M.  Chester,  Panama  Canal 
(National  Geographic  Magazine,  XVI,  445).  —  R.  C.  Hains, 
Isthmian  Canal  from  a  Military  Point  of  View  (Annals  Am. 
Acad.  Pd.  Sci.,  XVII,  397).  — J.  H.  Latane,  U.  S.  and 
Spanish:. America,  ch.  iv.  —  F.  Snow,  Treaties  and  Topics, 
326-347.  —  I.  D.  Travis,  Clay  ton- Bulwer  Treaty,  ch.  vii.  - 
J.  C.  Rodrigues,  Panama  Canal.  —  A.  T.  Mahan,  Interest  of 
America  in  'Sea  Power,  No.  3.  —  L.  M.  Keasbey,  Nicaragua. 
Canal  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine.  —  E.  R.  Johnson,  Nicaragua 
Canal  and  Economic  Development  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol 
Sci.,  VII,  38).  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Economic  Effects  of  Ship 
Canals  (Ibid,  XI,  54).  —  L.  M.  Keasbey,  Clay  ton- Bulwer 
Treaty  (Ibid.,  XIV,  285).  — W.  B.  Munro,  Neutralization 
of  the  Suez  Canal  (Ibid,  XVII,  409).  — T.  J.  Lawrence, 
Essays  on  Disputed  Questions,  Nos.  2,  3.  —  M.  M.  de  Per- 
alta,  El  Canal  Interoceanico.  —  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am. 
Diplomatic  Questions,  ch.  iv. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Ought  war  vessels  to  be 
permitted  to  use  the  Panama  Canal  in  time  of  war?  —  (2) 
Is  a  canal  like  the  Panama  similar  to  a  natural  strait? 

§  197.  Six  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Diplomacy  (Course 

D). 

PAPER  No.  1.  BREAKING  THE  INSTRUCTIONS  OF  CON 
GRESS  AT  PARIS  (Manual,  §  174;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  71,  72). 

PAPER  No.  2.  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL  AND  DECREES 
(Manual,  §  179;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  35,  36,  73,  74). 

PAPER  No.  3.  MONROE  DOCTRINE  (Manual,  §  145;  cf. 
§  183;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  37,  38,  77,  121,  122). 


§  198]  GOVERNMENT  329 

PAPER  No.  4.  ETHICS  OF  THE  MEXICAN  WAR  (Manual, 
§  152;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  43,  44,  79,  80). 

PAPER  No.  5.  ISTPIMUS  CANAL  (Manual,  §  196;  cf.  Lects. 
in  §§85,  86). 

PAPER  No.  6.  CONTROL  OF  ACQUIRED  TERRITORY  (Manual, 
§  153;  cf,  §§  178,  218,  219;  cf.  Lects.  in  §§  35,  36). 

§  198.  Thirty  Class-room  Papers  on  American  Government 
(Course  E). 

Upon  the  bibliography  of  American  government  a  few 
aids  are  listed  in  Manual,  §  24.  Titles  of  the  books  most 
suitable  for  this  course  are  printed  in  the  lists  »>f  Text 
books,  Essential  Reference  Books,  and  Special  Collections 
in  Government  (Manual,  §§1,  6,  24);  in  the  specific  refer 
ences  inserted  in  the  list  of  lectures  in  Government  (Man 
ual,  §  96) ;  and  in  the  references  to  thirty  selected  topics 
in  Government  (Manual,  §§  198-229).  Use  freely  the 
cross  references  to  the  Manual  at  the  head  of  each  paper. 

The  principal  brief  bibliographies  are  the  lists  of  classi 
fied  material  in  A.  B.  Hart,  Actual  Government,  pp.  xxiii- 
xxv,  and  chapter  bibliographies;  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  chapter  bibliographies;  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  pp.  xxvii-xxxviii,  and  chapter  bibliographies;  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  291-299. 

Of  the  secondary  books  most  of  the  useful  titles  are  in 
cluded  in  some  of  the  sections  of  the  Manual  just  cited 
(§§5,  6,  24,  96,  198-229).  Treatises  on  American  Consti 
tutional  Law  (select  list  in  Manual,  §  15),  treatises  on  Amer 
ican  government,  and  treatises  on  International  Law  (A.  B. 
Hart,  Foundations,  §  78c)  touch  on  many  governmental 
relations. 

Much  of  the  available  material  on  government  appears  in 
periodicals:  the  best  for  our  purpose  are  American  Political 
Science  Review;  Municipal  Affairs;  Political  Science  Quar 
terly;  Yale  Review;  American  Historical  Review;  Quarterly 


330  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  198 

Journal  of  Economics;  Quarterly  Journal  of  Political  Econ 
omy;  Atlantic  Monthly;  Forum;  North  American  Review; 
Nation;  also  the  publications  of  the  American  Political 
Science  Association;  American  Historical  Association;  Amer 
ican  Economic  Association;  American  Sociological  Associa 
tion;  and  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science. 
Most  of  these  sets  and  others  can  be  reached  —  so  far  as 
they  contain  material  on  public  law  and  public  science  — 
through  A.  L.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature 
(2  vols.).  Collected  essays  (often  very  useful  and  very 
hard  to  locate  previous  to  Fletcher's  second  edition)  are 
carefully  catalogued  in  W.  I.  Fletcher,  "A.  L.  A."  Index  to 
General  Literature  (2d  ed.,  1901). 

On  source  materials  on  government  there  is  as  yet  no 
proper  guide;  the  list  of  lectures  (Manual,  §96)  and  the 
special  references  below  (Manual,  §§  198-229)  attempt 
some  guidance  to  first-hand  materials.  Reports  of  judicial 
cases  —  often  determining  questions  of  national,  state,  or 
local  government  —  are  enumerated  in  Manual,  §  17. 

§  199.   Paper  No.  1.   Theory  of  the  Social  Compact. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  97,  98,  240,  285.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  17.  —  Guide,  §  156. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  MacDonald,  Jacksonian  De 
mocracy  (Am.  Nation,  XV),  chs.  v,  vi.  —  Cambridge  Modern 
Hist.,  VII,  ch.  xiii.  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Government, 
No.  4. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Growth  of  Am. 
Theories  of  Popular  Government  (Am.  Pol.  Sci.  Rev.,  I,  531- 
560,  August,  1907);  reprinted  in  briefer  form  in  A.  B.  Hart, 
National  Ideals  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vi.  —  G.  P. 
Fisher,  Jefferson  and  the  Social  Compact  Theory  (Yale  Rev. 
II,  403-417).  — A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Social  Compact  (Am. 
Hist.  Rev.,  V,.  467-490).  — D.  G.  Ritchie,  Social  Contract 
Theory  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  VI,  656-676). 


§  200]  GOVERNMENT  331 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§18-24. — 
C.  E.  Merriam,  Political  Theories,  chs.  iv,  viiiV^—  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  124-126.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Am.  Republic,  ch.  i.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the 
Constitution,  36.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System, 
ch.  ii.  —  C.  E.  Merriam,  Theory  of  Sovereignty,  ch.  1x4^ 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  A.  Jameson,  Constitutional 
Conventions,  ch.  ii.  —  W.  A.  Duer,  Constitutional  Juris 
prudence,  lect.  2.  —  D.  Webster,  Works,  I,  ch.  vii.  —  T.  D. 
Woolsey,  Political  Science,  I,  §§36,  37,  61-70.  —  J.  R. 
Tucker,  Constitution,  §  43.  —  E.  Milford,  The  Nation,  ch.  iii. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  II,  §§37,  131.  —  W.  W. 
Henry,  Patrick  Henry.  —  W.  Tudor,  James  Otis,  chs.  vi, 
vii,  xii.  —  J.  J.  Rousseau,  Du  Contrat  Social,  Book  i,  chs. 
iii-ix;  Book  ii,  chs.  i-v.  —  R.  Hooker,  Ecclesiastical  Polity, 
Book  i,  §  10.  —  J.  Locke,  Two  Treatises  on  Government, 
Book  ii,  chs.  viii,  ix.  —  T.  Hobbes,  Leviathan,  chs.  xiv,  xv, 
xvii,  xviii.  —  T.  Paine,  Common  Sense.  —  E.  Burke,  Reflec 
tions  on  the  Revolution  in  France,  II,  368. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Wharton  v.  Wise  (1893),  153  U.  S., 
167.  —  Texas  v.  White  (1868),  7  Wallace,  721;  Boyd,  Cases, 
552;  Thayer,  Cases,  302.  —  Chisholm  v.  Georgia  (1793), 
2  Dallas,  463;  Boyd,  Cases,  603;  Thayer,  Cases,  295. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS. — •  (1)  Could  there  be  a  "  social 
compact"  of  states  in  the  sense  in  which  the  phrase  was 
used  in  the  Revolution?  —  (2)  Was  the  King  of  Great 
Britain  a  party  to  the  social  compact  in  which  the  colonists 
in  1774  considered  themselves  held?  —  (3)  Can  the  doc 
trine  of  social  compact  be  applied  to  secession? 

§  200.  Paper  No.  2.  Theories  of  the  Two  Spheres  and  of  the 
Unity  of  American  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Actual  Government,  §  17. 
SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vi.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  Confederation 


332  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§200 

and  Constitution  (Am.  Nation,  X),  chs.  iii,  xii,  xvi.  —  W. 
Wilson,  The  State,  1065-1086.  —  B.  Wendell,  Liberty,  Union, 
and  Democracy. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§25-27. — 
C.  E.  Merriam,  Political  Theories,  chs.  iii,  vii.  —  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  iii,  iv.  —  A.  C.  McLaughlin,  A 
Written  Constitution  (Michigan  Law  Rev.,  V,  June,  1907). 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on 
the  Constitution,  35-37.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S.  under  the 
Constitution,  ch.  i.  —  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  i. 
—  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional  System,  chs.  i,  ii.  — 
B.  A.  Hinsdale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  xiv.  —  J.  A.  Wood- 
burn,  Am.  Republic,  ch.  ii.  —  James  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  I,  ch.  iv. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §  69.  —  Federalist,  No. 
39. 

SELECT  CASES.  — Texas  v.  White  (1868),  7  Wallace,  700; 
Boyd,  Cases,  552;  Thayer,  Cases,  302.  —  White  v.  Hart 
(1871),  13  Wallace,  646.  — Keith  v.  Clark  (1877),  97  U.  S., 
454. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Can  the  sovereign  power 
to  lay  taxes  be  divided?  —  (2)  Is  Massachusetts  sovereign 
over  the  law  of  descent  of  real  property?  —  (3)  Is  the 
Federal  Government  sovereign  over  war? 

§  201.  Paper  No.  3.  Status  of  Citizens  other  than  Native 
Born. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§99,  100,  155,  163,  177, 
185,  187,  241,  286.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  99, 
192.  —  M.  Farrand,  Legislation  of  Congress  for  Government 
of  Territories,  95,  98. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitutional 
System,  ch.  xvii.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Am.  Diplomacy,  ch.  vii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  B.  Winchester,  Citizenship  in  its 
International  Relationships  (Am.  Law  Rev.,  XXXI,  504).  — 


§  202]  GOVERNMENT  333 

H.  Stockbridge,  Law  of  Naturalization  (Green  Bag,  XVII,  644, 
Nov.  1905).  —  N.  Wolfman,  Status  of  a  Foreigner  who  has 
declared  his  Intention  (Am.  Law  Rev.,  XLI,  497-514,  1907). 
—  W.  L.  Scruggs,  Ambiguous  Citizenship  (Pol.  Sci.  Quart.,  I, 
199-205). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§8,  9. — 
J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§  372-533.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Arbitra 
tions,  IV,  2509-2517.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  100,  193-196. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Law  and 
Policy  of  Annexation,  63-65.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S. 
under  the  Constitution,  §§  119-126.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland, 
Notes  on  the  Constitution,  153,  157.  — •  Lawrence's  Wheaton, 
893-900. 

SOURCES.  —  Act  of  1903,  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXII, 
1222.  —  Philippine  Commission,  Reports. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Minor  v.  Happersett  (1874),  21  Wallace, 
162;  Thayer,  Cases,  459.  —  U.  S.  v.  Cruikshank,  92  U.  S., 
542.  —  Ex  parte  Yarbrough  (1883),  110  U.  S.,  651;  Thayer, 
Cases,  551.  — U.  S.  v.  Wong  Kim  Ark,  169  U.  S.,  649. 

ADDITIONAL  CASES.  —  Wood  v.  Fitzgerald,  3  Oregon, 
568.  —  Am.  Insurance  Co.  v.  Canter  (1828),  1  Peters,  511; 
Boyd,  Cases,  583;  Thayer,  Cases,  350. — Gonzales  v.  Williams, 
24  S.  C.  Reporter,  177.  —  Elk  v.  Wilkins  (1884),  112  U.  S., 
94;  Thayer,  Cases,  587.  —  Boyd  v.  Nebraska  (1891),  143 
U.  S.,  177.  —  Contzen  v.  U.  S.  (1900),  179  U.  S.,  191. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  a  naturalized  citizen 
be  an  ambassador  to  the  country  from  which  he  came?  — 
(2)  Is  the  minor  child  of  a  naturalized  citizen  thereby  also 
a  citizen? — (3)  Is  a  child  born  of  American  parents  on  a 
British  vessel  on  the  high  seas  an  American  citizen? 

§  202.   Paper  No.  4.   Theory  of  Religious  Liberty. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§97,  98,  286.  —  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §§  7,  239.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §  206. 


334  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§202 

-  G.  W.  Paschal,  Constitution  Analyzed,  254,  255.  —  J.  N. 
Larned,  Literature  of  Am.  Hist,  (see  Index). 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals 
(Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xi.  —  B.  F.  Stevens,  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  the  U.  S.  —  A.  L.  Cross,  Anglican 
Episcopate  and  Am.  Colonies,  ch.  xii.  —  S.  H.  Cobb,  Rise 
of  Religious  Liberty  in  America.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  II,  chs.  cvi,  cvii.  —  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and 
Liberty,  I,  505-509. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  L.  J.  Jennings,  Eighty  Years 
of  Republican  Government,  ch.  ix.  —  Monographs  on  Bishop 
Hill,  New  England,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Pennsyl 
vania,  Virginia,  in  Johns  Hopkins  University  Studies,  X, 
Nos.  1-6,  8,  9;  XI,  Nos.  5,  6;  XII,  No.  4;  XVIII,  Nos.'  10- 
12.  —  H.  V.  Ames,  Constitutional  Amendments,  §  173. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  P.  Schaff,  Church  and  State  in 
the  U.  S.  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  II,  391-543).  — G.  J. 
Bayles,   Am.    Civil    Church    Law    (Pol.   Sci.    Quart.,   XIV 
311-520). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§13,  240- 
243.  —  C.  E.  Merriam,  Political  Theories,  86-95.  —  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  207-210.  —  J.  Story,  Com 
mentaries,  §§  1863-1874. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on 
the  Constitution,  619,  620.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S.  under 
the  Constitution,  309.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§74,  78. —  F.  Wharton,  Commentaries,  §  553.  —  J.  N. 
Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §  148.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Con 
stitutional  Limitations,  ch.  xiii.  —  H.  C.  Black,  Constitu 
tional  Law,  §§  196-198.  —  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law, 
II,  343-363.  --Am.  Law  Rev.,  XXVI,  789;  XXXII,  581. 

SOURCES.  —  Bills  of  Rights  and  Colonial  Charters,  in 
B.  P.  Poore,  Charters  and  Constitutions.  —  S.  G.  Fisher, 
Evolution  of  the  Constitution,  190-199.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty 
Documents,  ch.  ix. 


§203]  GOVERNMENT  335 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Emoli  v.  First  Municipality  (1844),  3 
Howard,    609.  —  Fox   v.    Ohio    (1846),  5   Howard,  410.- 
Barron  v.   Baltimore   (1833),   7  Peters,  243;   Boyd,   Cases, 
467;    Thayer,    Cases,   449.  —  Withers    v.    Buckley    (1857), 
20  Howard,  84.  —  Reynolds  v.  U.  S.  (1878),  98  U.  S.,  145. 

-  Bradfield  v.  Roberts  (1699),  175  U.  S.,  291. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  the  United  States 
compel  the  soldiers  at  a  post  to  attend  religious  services? 

-  (2)  May  a  state  tax  Catholics  to  maintain  Protestant 
services? — (3)  May    Congress    forbid    the    services    of    a 
church  which  authorizes  polygamy? 

§  203.   Paper  No.  5.   Limitations  on  Constitutional  Conventions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§31,  32,  101,  102,  240,  28£ 

-  Actual  Government,  §  32. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Robinson,  Genesis  of 
Federal  Constitution.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Govern 
ment,  ch.  ix.  —  J.  S.  Landon,  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch.  iv. 

-  H.  V.  Ames,  Constitutional  Amendments,  §§  1,  17&-188. 
PERIODICAL    ARTICLES.  —  W.    C.    Morey,    Genesis    of    a 

Written  Constitution  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  I,  529- 
557).  —  F.  N.  Thorpe,  Recent  Constitution  Making  (Ibid., 
II,  145-201).  —  J.  H.  Dougherty,  Constitutions  of  New 
York  (Pol,  Sci.  Quarterly,  III,  489-519;  IV,  230-260).- 
C.  R,  Woodruff,  Am.  Governmental  Methods  (Ibid.,  XV, 
260-272).  —  J.  F.  Jameson,  Early  Uses  of  Word  Convention 
(Am.  Hist.  Review,  III,  477-489). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  A.  Jameson,  Constitutional  Con 
ventions,  ch.  vi.  —  Actual  Government,  §  39.  —  E.  McClain, 
Constitutional  Law,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  ch.  v.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries,  II,  §§  1322-1353.- 
J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xxxi,  xxxii,  App. 
667-669. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Limitations,  ch.  iii.  —  F.  Lieber,  Miscellaneous  Writings,  II, 


336  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§203 

139-161.  — H.  C.  Black,  Constitutional  Law  (2d  ed.),  40- 
50.  —  J.    N.    Pomeroy,    Constitutional   Law,    §§109-117.- 
J.  R.  Tucker,  Constitution,  I,  63-70. 

SOURCES.  —  F.  B.  Hough,  Am.  Constitutions  (texts  and 
historical  sketches  to  1871). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Wells  v.  Bain,  and  Donnelly  v.  Fitler 
(1873),  75  Pa.  St.  R.,  39,  55,  56.  —  J.  A.  Jameson,  Con 
stitutional  Conventions,  §  409  a. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  the  legislature  in  the 
call  of  a  convention  limit  the  subjects  which  it  may  con 
sider?  —  (2)  Is  a  convention  bound  by  limitations  in  the 
existing  constitution  as  to  the  degree  of  amendment  ?- 
(3)  May  a  convention  elected  with  the  provision  that  its 
work  shall  be  submitted  for  ratification,  put  its  constitu 
tion  into  effect  without  ratification? 

§  204.   Paper  No.  6.   Limiting  the  Suffrage. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  103,  104,  154,  242,  288.- 
Actual    Government,     §32.  —  R.    C.    Ringwalt,    Briefs    on 
Public  Questions,  Nos.  3,  4.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V,  66. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Macy,  Party  Organization,  ch. 
xv.  —  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  ch.  xii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  F.  G.  CafTey,  Suffrage  Limita 
tions  in  the  South  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XX,  53-67,  March, 
1905).  —  J.  L.  W.  Woodville,  Suffrage  Limitations  in 
Louisiana  (Ibid.,  XXI,  177-189,  June  1906).  — J.  C.  Rose, 
Negro  Suffrage  (Am.  Pol  Sci.  Review,  I,  17-43).  — A.  B. 
Hart,  Realities  of  Negro  Suffrage  (Am.  Pol.  Sci.  Assoc., 
Proceedings,  II,  149-165).  — S.  E.  Baldwin,  Early  Ballot  in 
Connecticut  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  IV,  407-424) . - 
H.  A.  Chaney,  Alien  Suffrage  (Mich.  Pol.  Assoc.,  Publica 
tions,  I,  No.  2).  —  A.  N.  Lee,  Popular  Government  and  Con 
stitutional  Limitations  (South  Carolina  Bar  Association, 
Reports,  1890,  p.  87).  —  F.  B.  Weeks,  Hist,  of  Negro  Suffrage 
(Pol  Sci.  Quarterly,  IX,  671-703).  — G.  H.  Haynes,  Edu- 


§  204]  GOVERNMENT  337 

cational  Qualifications  (Ibid,  XIII,  495-531).  —  F.  H. 
Miller,  Qualifications  for  Office  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Reports, 
1899,  I,  87-153). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  iv.  —  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xxxv.  —  W.  W.  Wil- 
loughby,  Constitutional  System,  ch.  xiii.  —  B.  A.  Hinsdale, 
Am.  Government,  ch.  liv.  —  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal 
State,  ch.  xxii.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Consti 
tution,  738,  739.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S.  Under  the  Con 
stitution,  §§  121-123. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Dougherty,  Electoral 
System.  —  G.  H.  Haynes,  Election  of  Senators.  —  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration,  ch.  ix.  —  J.  A. 
Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Government,  ch.  viii.  —  J.  R.  Commons, 
Races  and  Immigrants,  chs.  viii.  —  C.  F.  Bishop,  Elections 
in  Am.  Colonies.  —  A.  E.  McKinley,  Colonial  Suffrage 
Franchise.  —  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and  Liberty,  I, 
2-38,  70-100.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  2.  —  D. 
F.  Wilcox,  Study  of  City  Government,  §§61-72. —  F.  H. 
Giddings,  Democracy  and  Empire,  chs.  xv,  xvi.  —  H.  S. 
Maine,  Popular  Government,  chs.  i,  ii.  —  A.  de  Tocqueville, 
Democracy  in  America,  I,  ch.  xiii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  I,  chs.  li,  lii;  II,  99,  608.  — C.  W.  Eliot,  Am. 
Contributions,  No.  1. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§  207,  209,  256h.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Law, 
ch.  xiv,  §  2.  —  W.  O.  Bateman,  Political  and  Constitutional 
Law,  §§6,  91,  95-100.  —  R.  Foster,  Commentaries,  I,  §59. 
—  J.  A.  Garfield,  Works,  I,  85-95,  499-520. 

SOURCES.  —  State  Constitutions,  in  F.  B.  Hough,  Am.  Con 
stitutions.  —  B.  P.  Poore,  Charters  and  Constitutions.  —  State 
Legislation,  in  F.  J.  Stimson,  Am.  Statute  Law,  and  in  New 
York  State  Library,  Bulletin  Legislation  (annual  volume). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  McPherson  v.  Blacker  (1892),  146 
U.  S.,  37.  — Williams  v.  Mississippi  (1897),  170  U.  S.,  220. 


338  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§204 

-Giles  v.  Harris  (1902),  189  U.  S.,  475.  —  Pope  v.  Wil 
liams  (1903),  193  U.  S.,  621.  —  Minor  v.  Happersett  (1874), 
21  Wallace,  162;  Thayer,  Cases,  459.  —  Giles  v.  Teasley 
(1903),  193  U.  S.,  146. —  Wiley  v.  Sinkler  (1900),  179 
U.  S.,  58. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  the  suffrage  be  lim 
ited  to  those  who  have  had  a  high-school  education?  — 
(2)  Should  people  who  have  not  voted  for  five  years  be 
thenceforth  deprived  of  the  suffrage? — (3)  Should  none 
but  tax-payers  vote? 

§  205.   Paper  No.  7.   Efficacy  of  the  Referendum. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  101-104.  —  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  17.  —  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions, 
No.  7. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  A.  Kasson,  Evolution  of  the 
Constitution,  ch.  xi.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Govern 
ment,  ch.  iv.  —  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of  Democracy,  chs. 
vii-x.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am,  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxxix.  —  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  §§  528-531. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  P.  Oberholtzer,  Referen 
dum  in  America.  —  C.  Borgeaud,  Adoption  and  Amendment 
of  Constitutions.  —  J.  J.  Lalor,  Cyclopcedia  of  Pol.  Sci.,  Ill, 
581.  —  Nathan  Cree,  Direct  Legislation  by  the  People. — 
W.  J.  Sullivan,  Direct  Legislation.  —  E.  L.  Godkin,  Unfor- 
seen  Tendencies  of  Democracy.  —  W.  D.  McCrackan,  Swiss 
Solutions  of  Am.  Problems.  —  H.  S.  Maine,  Popular  Govern 
ment.  —  J.  R.  Commons,  Proportional  Representation,  186- 
193. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  G.  H.  Haynes,  Representation 
in  State  Legislatures  (Annals  Am.  A  cad.  Pol.  Sci.,  II,  324). 
-  See  articles  in  Yale  Review,  IV,  289.  —  Pol.  Sci.  Quar 
terly,  XIII,  1;  XVII,  609.  —  Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXVII,  1; 
LXXX,  35;  XCIV,  721.  —  Am.  Law  Review,  XXVIII, 
683.  —  Outlook,  L,  423. 


•§  206]  GOVERNMENT  339 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government.  §§28,  29,  39- 
41.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §§4,  14.  —  J.  Bryce, 
Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xxxix.  —  G.  H.  Sibley,  Majority 
Rule. 

SOURCES.  —  Senate  Documents,  55  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No. 
340. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  the  referendum  be 
applied  to  fixing  the  annual  rate  of  taxation? — (2)  Does 
the  initiative  tend  to  careful  law  making?  —  (3)  Should 
all  the  ordinances  of  a  city  council  be  subjected  to  refer 
endum? 

§  206.   Paper  No.  8.   Popular  Nomination  Machinery. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,     §§103,     104,    275,    288.- 
Actual  Government,  §  42.  —  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public 
Questions,  No.  9.  —  Municipal  Affairs.  V,  63-66.  —  F.  W. 
Dallinger,  Nominations  for  Elective  Office,  221-224. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  II, 
€hs.  Ixix-lxxiii.  —  M.  Ostrogorski,  Democracy  and  Political 
Parties,  II,  39-279.  —  H.  J.  Ford,  Rise  and  Growth  of  Am. 
Politics,  ch  xvi.  —  E.  Stanwood,  Hist,  of  the  Presidency, 
ch.  xiv. 

ADDITIONAL   DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.   W.    Dallinger,    Nomina 
tions  for  Elective  Office.  —  G.  Myers,  Hist,  of  Tammany  Hall. 
-  A.  Stickney,  True  Republic,  ch.  v. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  C.  R.  Woodruff,  Elective  Methods 
in  Philadelphia  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVII,  181- 
204).  —  W.  J.  Branson,  Tendencies  in  Primary  Legislation, 
Philadelphia  Nominating  System  (Ibid.,  XIII,  346-363; 
XIV,  1837).  —  A.  C.  Bernheim,  Party  Organization  in  New 
York  City;  Ballot  in  New  York  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  III, 
99-122;  IV,  130-152).  — F.  W.  Whitridge,  Rotation  in 
Office  (Ibid.,  IV,  279-295).  — J.  M.  Gitterman,  Council  of 
Appointment  in  New  York  (Ibid.,  VII,  80-115).  — A.  P. 
Dennis,  Anomaly  of  our  National  Convention  (Ibid.,  XX, 


340  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  206 

185-202,  June,  1905).  — C.  Becker,  Unit  Rule;  Nominations 
in  Colonial  New  York;  Revolutionary  Parties  in  New  York 
(Am.  Hist.  Review,  V,  64-82;  VI,  260-275;  VII,  5&-76).- 
M.  Ostrogorski,  Nominating  Caucus  (Ibid.,  V,  253-283). — 
J.  S.  Walton,  Nominating  Conventions  in  Pennsylvania 
(Ibid,  II,  262-278).  — J.  S.  Murdock,  First  National  Nomi 
nating  Convention  (Ibid.,  I,  680-683).  — E.  L.  Godkin, 
Nominating  System  (Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXTX,  450-467). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  ch.  v.  —  J. 
Macy,  Party  Organization  and  Machinery,  ch.  v.  —  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xxiii.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Political  Parties,  chs.  x-xii,  xx. 

SOURCES.  —  National  Conference  for  Good  City  Govern 
ment,  Proceedings,  1901,  pp.  187-207.  —  Text  of  State 
statutes  on  nomination  of  candidates,  through  F.  W.  Dai- 
linger,  Nominations;  through  F.  J.  Stimson,  Am.  Statute 
Law;  through  New  York  State  Library,  Bulletin  Legislation. 
SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Ought  federal  Senators  to 
be  nominated  by  popular  vote? — (2)  Ought  the  state 
government  to  decide  whether  or  not  a  party  convention 
is  regular?  —  (3)  Ought  voters  in  a  primary  to  declare  for 
which  party  they  will  vote? 

§  207.  Paper  No.  9.  How  to  Secure  Good  State  and  Local 
Legislation. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§105,  108,  144,  161,  243, 
289,  290.  —  Actual  Government,  §§59,  86,  95.  —  Munic 
ipal  Affairs,  V,  576.  —  A.  L.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Period 
ical  Literature,  II,  302-307,  351-355. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  vii.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures  and 
Legislative  Methods,  chs.  iv-x.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal 
Problems,  ch.  iv.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs. 
xl-xlv ;  II,  ch.  Ixxxiii.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am.  Gov 
ernment,  ch.  x. 


GOVERNMENT  341 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Schouler,  Constitutional 
Studies,  ch.  v.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration, 
eh.  xvii.  —  D.  B.  Eaton,  Government  of  Municipalities,  ch. 
x.  —  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  5. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  S.  N.  Patten,  Decay  of  State  and 
Local  Governments  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sri.,  I,  26- 
42). —  F.  J.  Stimson,  Uniform  State  Legislation  (Ibid.,  V, 
829-864).  —  G.  H.  Haynes,  Representation  in  New  England 
Legislatures  (Ibid.,  VI,  254-260).  — C.  B.  Elliott,  Legis 
latures  and  the  Courts  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  V,  224-258).— 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  State  Administration  in  New  York  (Ibid.,  XV, 
48-74).  —  S.  Dicksen,  Constitutional  Restraints  (Am.  Law 
Register,  XXXV,  477). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  chs.  vii,  xi, 
xii.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government,  chs.  v,  vi.  —  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  chs.  xvii-xx.  —  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Municipal  Home  Rule.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am. 
Republic,  ch.  vii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  H.  E.  Deming,  Legislation  in 
.State  and  City,  1797-1897  (National  Conference  for  Good 
City  Government,  Proceedings,  1897,  pp.  89-102).  — J. 
Ordronaux,  Constitutional  Legislation,  ch.  x. 

SOURCES.  —  Political  and  Municipal  Legislation  (Annals 
Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  VII,  411-425  (1895);  IX,  231-245 
(1896);  XI,  174-190  (1897);  XIII,  212-229  (1898);  XV, 
160-190  (1899);  XVII,  244-259  (1900)).  —  New  York  State 
Library,  Bulletin  Legislation  (annual  volume).  The  address 
of  the  president  of  the  American  Bar  Association  each  year 
usually  includes  a  review  of  the  changes  in  statute  law. 
See  especially  Moorfield  Storey,  The  Am.  Legislature  (Am. 
Bar  Assoc.,  Reports,  1894,  245-272) .  — National  Municipal 
League,  Reports. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS. — (1)  Should  a  standing  commission 
of  lawyers  be  appointed  to  revise  the  drafts  of  bills  for  the 
legislature? — (2)  Should  a  Governor  have  the  power  to 


342  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  207 

remove  all  municipal  officials? —  (3)  Are  third  parties  effec 
tive  in  curing  the  evils  of  state  and  local  government? 

§  208.   Paper  No.  10.  Efficiency  of  Executive  Boards. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  105, 108,  2897  290.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  66.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V,  25. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
ch.  xii.  —  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories  and  Dependencies, 
chs.  iv-x.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government,  chs.  iii,  viii, 
ix,  xii.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  x.  — 
D.  F.  Wilcox,  American  City,  ch.  x.  —  T.  Roosevelt,  Am~ 
Ideals,  No.  8.  —  N.  Matthews,  City  Government  of  Boston. 
—  C.  Zueblin,  Am.  Municipal  Progress. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  L.  A.  Blue,  Recent  Tendencies  of 
State  Administration  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVIII, 
44-55).  — S.  E.  Sparling,  State  Boards  of  Control  (Ibid., 
XVII,  74-91).  — F.  H.  White,  State  Boards  and  Commis 
sions  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XVIII,  631-656,  Dec.,  1903). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§69,  92. — 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Government,  ch.  v.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
Comparative  Administrative  Law,  I,  102-106.  —  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Municipal  Administration,  ch.  xviii.  —  J.  F.  Dillon, 
Municipal  Corporations.  —  R.  H.  Whitten,  Public  Admin-  * 
istration  in  Massachusetts. 

SOURCES.  —  Reports  of  the  various  executive  commis 
sions  in  the  states  and  cities,  —  especially  on  water,  parks, 
railroads,  public  lighting,  prisons,  asylums,  poor,  etc. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Ought  such  special  func 
tions  as  water  supply  to  be  committed  to  single  executive 
heads? —  (2)  Is  a  board  more  likely  to  be  honest  than  a 
single  head? —  (3)  Should  boards  of  education  be  abolished? 

§  209.   Paper  No.  11.  Improvement  of  County  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§107,  108,  290.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  79.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical 
Literature,  II,  118,  119. 


§  210]  GOVERNMENT  343 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Local  Government, 
chs.  iv,  vi,  vii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  xlix. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  Monographs  on  local  ques 
tions,  in  Johns  Hopkins  University  Studies,  I,  Nos.  3—5,  12 
(Illinois,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  Northwest,  South  Caro 
lina,  Maryland);  III,  Nos.  2,  3,  5-7  (Virginia,  Maryland); 
VIII,  No.  3  (Wisconsin);  XI,  Nos.  11,  12  (South  and  South 
west);  XII,  No.  4  (Virginia).  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical 
Essays,  No.  7. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  85.  —  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Municipal  Home  Rule,  ch.  v.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
Comparative  Administrative  Law,  I,  166-192.  —  G.  E. 
Howard,  Local  Constitutional  Hist.,  ch.  x. 

SOURCES.  —  Reports  of  County  Commissioners  or  County 
Boards. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  the  county  com 
missioners  be  appointed  by  the  governor?  —  (2)  Should  the 
counties  have  a  representative  legislature,  resembling  city 
councils? — (3)  Should  there  be  a  state  supervisor  of 
county  governments? 

210.   Paper  No.  12.   Improvement  of  City  Charters. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  107,  108,  290.  —  Actual 
Government,  §§  86,  95.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
ch.  i.  —  National  Municipal  League,  The  Municipal  Pro 
gram.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government,  chs.  iv,  v.  — 
F.  C.  Howe,  The  City  the  Hope  of  Democracy,  ch.  xi. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  A.  Smith,  Spirit  of  Am. 
Government,  ch.  x.  —  L.  Steffens,  Shame  of  Cities.  —  D.  F. 
Wilcox,  Am.  City.  —  C.  Zueblin,  Municipal  Progress.  — 
D.  B.  Eaton,  Municipalities,  ch.  xviii.  —  B.  S.  Coler,  Mun 
icipal  Government,  ch.  i.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Home 
Rule,  chs.  ii-v. 


344  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§210 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie;  Municipal  Codes 
in  the  Middle  West  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  XXI,  434-446, 
Sept.,  1906).  — W.  S.  Peters,  Home  Rule  Charter  Movement 
in  Missouri  (Annals  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XXVII,  155-167, 
Jan.,  1906).  —  H.  J.  Ford,  Municipal  Organization  (Annals 
Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XXIII,  195-222,  March,  1904).  — W. 
Reynolds,  Baltimore  under  its  New  Charter  (Ibid.,  XXVII, 
168-179,  Jan.,  1906). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§  88,  100,  101. 
-  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xxi.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
Municipal  Administration,  ch.  v.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Muni 
cipal  Problems,  chs.  i-iii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  E.  W.  Bemis,  Municipal  Mo 
nopolies,  ch.  vi.  —  F.  Parsons,  City  for  the  People,  chs.  ii-v. 
—  D.  F.  Wilcox,  City  Government,  ch.  iii. 

SOURCES. — Municipal  Affairs.  — City  Charters. — National 
Municipal  League,  Proceedings.  —  Chicago  Charter  Conven 
tion,  Digest  of  City  Charters. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  all  city  charters  be 
drafted  by.  local  conventions? —  (2)  Should  taxes  be  levied 
by  a  board  composed  of  appointed  officers? — (3)  Should 
there  be  a  uniform  city  charter  in  each  state? 

§  211.   Paper  No.  13.   Responsible  Mayoralty. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  107,  108,  290.  —  Brook- 
ings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  19.  —  Municipal 
Affairs,  V,  152.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical 
Literature,  II,  351-355. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Municipal  Home 
Rule,  ch.  i.  —  D.  F.  Wile  ox,  American  City,  ch.  x.  —  J. 
Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  ch.  1.  —  E.  D.  Durand, 
Council  Government  vs.  Mayor  Government  (Pol.  Sci.  Quar 
terly,  V,  426-451,  675-709).  — C.  W.  Eliot,  Am.  Contribu 
tions  to  Civilization,  No.  7. 


§  212]  GOVERNMENT  345 

LOCAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  Monographs  on  city  government 
in  Johns  Hopkins  University  Studies,  III,  Nos.  11,  12 
(Washington);  IV,  Nos.  1-4,  10  (New  Haven,  Philadelphia, 
Boston,  St.  Louis);  VI,  Nos.  2-4  (San  Francisco,  New 
Orleans);  XIV,  No.  2  (Baltimore) .  — James  T.  Young, 
Liberty  vs.  Efficiency  (Yale  Review,  VIII,  274-288).  — E.  A. 
Greenlaw,  Office  of  Mayor  (Municipal  Affairs,  III,  33-60). 
—  National  Conference  for  Good  City  Government,  Pro 
ceedings,  1896,  pp.  71-80,  152-219;  (1900),  pp.  119-128, 
136-146.  —  J.  Parker,  Municipal  Government  in  Massa 
chusetts,  16-24. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§91-93. — 
F.  J.  Goodnow,  City  Government,  ch.  viii.  —  D.  F.  Wilcox, 
Study  of  City  Government,  §§98-115.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
Municipal  Administration,  ch.  xix. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  M.  Ivins,  Municipal  Gov 
ernment  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  II,  291-312).  —  D.  B.  Eaton, 
Government  of  Municipalities,  chs.  x,  xiv.  —  F.  J.  Good 
now,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  x. 

SOURCES.  —  Reports  and  inaugural  addresses  of  Mayors.  — 
N.  Matthews,  Jr.,  City  Government  of  Boston.  —  J.  Quincy, 
Message  of  1899  (as  retiring  Mayor  of  Boston). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  mayors  have  terms 
of  ten  years? — (2)  Should  mayors  appoint  all  subordi 
nate  executive  officers?  —  (3)  Should  mayors  be  remov 
able  by  Governors? 

§  212.   Paper  No.  14.   Development  of  the  Cabinet. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§109,  110,  245,  292. — 
Actual  Government,  §  128.  —  Brookings  and  Rlngwalt,  Briefs 
for  Debate,  Nos.  15,  16.  —  List  of  Civil  Lists  (Am.  Hist. 
Review,  II,  758-766). 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  L.  G.  McConachie,  Congressional 
Committees,  ch.  vii.  —  J.  F.  Jameson,  Essays  in  Constitu 
tional  Hist.,  116-186. — B.  Harrison,  This  Country  of  Ours, 


346  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  212 

chs.  vi,  xi-xviii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  clis.  x, 
xv;  xvi,  xxv.  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Essays  on  Government,  No.  1. 

—  D.  B.  R.  Keim,  Society  in   Washington.  —  B.  A.  Hins- 
dale,  Am.  Government,  ch.  xxxiii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  M.  L.  Hinsdale,  Cabinet  and 
Congress  (Am.  Pol.  Sci.  Assoc.,  Proceedings,  II,  126-148). 

—  H.   B.   Learned,   Origin  and  Creation  of  the  President's 
Cabinet  (Yale  Review,  August,  1906).  —  F.  Snow,  Defence  of 
Congressional   Government    (Am.    Hist.    Assoc.,  Papers,  IV, 
109);  and  Cabinet  Government  (Annals  of  Am.  Acad.  Pol. 
Sci.,  Ill,  1-13).  —  Legal  Profession  in  the  Cabinet  (Am.  Law 
Review,    XXIII,    280).  —  S.    E.    Baldwin,    Absolute   Power 
(Yale  Law  Journal,  VII,  1). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§  129,  130. — 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration.  —  R.  L.  Ashley, 
Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xv.  —  W.  Wilson,  Congressional 
Government,  ch.  v. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power, 
§§25-28.  —  H.  J.  Ford,  Am.  Politics,  383-396.  —  J.  I.  C. 
Hare,  Am.  Constitutional  Law,  I,  lect.  10.  —  J.  W.  Burgess, 
Political  Science,  II,  263,  311-316.  — W.  A.  Sutherland, 
Notes  on  the  Constitution,  460. 

SOURCES.  —  Senate  Reports,  47  Cong.,  2  sess.  (1881),  No. 
837.  —  Message  and  Documents  (annual  reprint  of  reports 
of  members  of  the  Cabinet).  —  J.  A.  Garfield,  Works,  I,  16. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Williams  v.  U.  S.  (1843),  1  Howard, 
298.  —  Wilcox  v.  Jackson  (1839),  13  Peters,  513.  —  Hez- 
ler  v.  Faulkner  (1893),  153  U.  S.,  117.  —  Bartlett  v.  Kane 
(1853),  16  Howard,  272.  —  U.  S.  v.  McComb  (1875),  92 
U.  S.,  541.  —  Keim  v.  U.  S.  (1899),  177  U.  S.,  292. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Ought  Presidents  to  send 
important  messages  to  Congress  without  consulting  the 
Cabinet? — (2)  Should  the  President  consult  the  Secretary 
of  State  with  regard  to  the  tariff?  —  (3)  Are  the  acts  of  a 
head  of  a  department  the  acts  of  the  President? 


§213]  GOVERNMENT  347 

§  213.   Paper  No.  15.   Needs  of  Civil  Service  Reform. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  109,  110,  155,  245,  292.— 
Actual  Government,  §  125.  —  C.  R.  Fish,  Civil  Service  and 
Patronage,  Appendix  D.  —  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs 
for  Debate,  No.  17.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V,  52,  53.  —  L.  A. 
Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II,  73,  74. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  Roosevelt,  Strenuous  Life,  41- 
112,  125-152. —  T.  Roosevelt,  Am.  Ideals,  No.  7.  —  C.  R. 
Fish,  Civil  Service  and  Patronage,  chs.  vi-ix.  —  M.  Ostro- 
gorski,  Democracy  and  Political  Parties,  ch.  ix.  —  A.  B. 
Hart,  Practical  Essays,  No.  4.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Common 
wealth,  II,  ch.  Ixv.  —  E.  Sparks,  National  Development  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  x,  xii.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  National 
Problems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  ii. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  A.  Cleveland,  Growth  of 
Democracy,  chs.  xi,  xv.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Political  Parties, 
chs.  ix,  xvii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  F.  P.  Powers,  Reform  of  the 
Federal  Service  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  III,  247-264).  —  G.  E. 
Howard,  Imperialism  and  the  Civil  Service  (Ibid.,  XIV,  240- 
250).  —  J.  M.  Merriam,  Jefferson's  Patronage  (Am.  Hist. 
Assoc.,  Papers,  II,  47-52).  —  G.  McAneny,  Civil  Service 
(Municipal  Affairs,  IV,  708-720). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§  71,  94,  131- 
134.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  252-257.  — 
F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration,  ch.  v.  —  F.  J. 
Goodnow,  Municipal  Problems,  ch.  viii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power, 
§§25-29. —  L.  M.  Salmon,  Appointing  Power.  —  G.  W. 
Curtis,  Orations  and  Addresses,  II,  477.  —  H.  C.  Lodge, 
Historical  and  Political  Essays,  114-137.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow, 
Comparative  Administrative  Law,  II,  34-44.  —  D.  B.  Eaton 
Government  of  Municipalities,  chs.  vii,  viii. 

OFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  Good  Government  (monthly  period 
ical). — -National  Civil  Service  Reform  League,  Proceed- 


348  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§213 

ings. —  U.  S.  Civil  Service  Commission,  Annual  Report.  — 
Massachusetts  Civil  Service  Commission,  Annual  Report.  — 
New  York  Civil  Service  Commission,  Annual  Report. 

UNOFFICIAL  SOURCES.  —  C.  R.  Fish,  Removals  (tabula 
tion  in  Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Annual  Report,  1899,  I,  67-86). 
—  T.  Roosevelt,  Civil  Service  Reform  (Atlantic  Monthly, 
LXVII,  252-257;  LXXV,  239-246) .  —  Contemporaries,  III, 
§158;  IV,  §§197,  199,  202.  —  G.  Hunt,  Office  Seeking 
under  Washington,  John  Adams,  and  Jefferson  (Am.  Hist. 
Review,  I,  270-283;  II,  241-261;  III,  270-291). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Ought  heads  of  city  de 
partments  to  be  selected  only  by  promotion  and  to  have 
permanent  terms? — (2)  Should  the  Governors  be  pro 
hibited  from  making  any  removals  except  for  cause  stated 
in  writing,  after  a  hearing?  —  (3)  Should  all  appointed 
officers  be  put  into  the  classified  service? 

§  214.   Paper  No.  16.   Defects  of  the  Committee  System. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  111,  112,  244,  291.  —  Actual 
Government,    §  102.  —  Brookings   and   Ring  wait,   Briefs  for 
Debate,  No.  15.  —  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  331-334.  - 
L.  G.  McConachie,  Congressional  Committees,  420-425. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
chs.  xiv,  xv. —  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  §§  130-144.- 
P.  S.  Reinsch,  Legislatures  and  Legislative  Methods,  ch.  v.  - 
L.  G.  McConachie,  Congressional  Committees.  —  W.  Wilson, 
Congressional  Government,  chs.  ii-iv. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  T.  B.  Reed,  How  the  House  does 
Business  (North  Am.  Review,  Vol.  164,  pp.  641-650,  June, 
1897). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  109.  —  R.  L. 
Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xii.  —  J.  A.  Woodburn,  Am. 
Republic,  ch.  v. 

SOURCES.  —  Congressional  Record  (any  typical  day's 
session,  which  shows  committee  business).  —  J.  G.  Ames, 


§  215]  GOVERNMENT  349 

Comprehensive  ndexes  to  Publications  of  the  Government.  — 
T.  H.  McKee,  Reports  of  the  Select  and  Special  Committees 
(list  of  reports) .  —  House  Reports  and  Senate  Reports,  for  text 
of  committee  reports. — -Hearings  before  committees  are  occa 
sionally  published,  though  not  in  any  regular  series. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  committees  be  com 
pelled  to  make  some  report  on  every  bill  committed  to 
them?  —  (2)  Should  committees  be  changed  in  member 
ship  every  two  months?  —  (3)  Should  committees  elect 
their  own  chairmen? 

§  215.   Paper  No.  17.   Influences  on  the  Legislation  of  Congress. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  111,  112,  137,  244,  291.— 
Actual  Government,  §  110.  —  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  ch. 
xi.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II, 
85,  86.— W.  I.  Fletcher,  "A.L.A."  Index  to  General  Litera 
ture  (2d  ed.),  131. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  M.  P.  Follett,  The  Speaker,  chs. 
iv-vi.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I,  chs.  xix-xxi.  — 
H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  33,  34.  —  F.  A.  Cleve 
land,  Growth  of  Democracy,  ch.  xiii. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Practical  Essays, 
Nos.  1,  9.  —  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power,  ch.  iv.  —  W.  Wilson, 
Congressional  Government,  ch.  vi.  —  J.  Parton,  Topics  of 
the  Time. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  E.  P.  Lee,  Congress  at  Work 
(Albany  Law  Journal,  XL VIII,  386).  —  E.  F.  Crump,  How 
Congress  Votes  Money  (North  Am.  Review,  Vol.  162,  p.  14). 

—  E.    C.    Mason,    Congressional    Demands   for    Information 
(Am.  Hist.  Assoc.,  Papers,  V,  367-378). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §115.  —  P.  S. 
Reinsch,  Legislatures  and  Legislative  Methods,  chs.  viii,  ix. 

—  R.  L.  Ashley,  Am.  Federal  State,  ch.  xvii. 

SOURCES.  —  B.  Harrison,  This  Country  of  Ours.  —  J.  H. 
McKee,  Red  Book  (Congressional  forms) .  —  Congressional 


350  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§215 

Record  (a  typical  day  during  the  session  of  Congress). — 
H.  C.  Lodge,  Historical  and  Political  Essays,  169-197.  — 
J.  A.  Garfield,  A  Century  of  Congress  (Works,  VI,  463). 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  a  Congressman  vote 
against  his  convictions,  because  his  constituents  so  desire?  — 
(2)  Should  it  be  made  a  misdemeanor  for  non-members  to 
accept  fees  for  arguing  with  Congressmen  upon  pending 
legislation? — (3)  Can  the  newspapers  compel  Congress  to 
act  against  its  preference? 

§  216.   Paper  No.  18.   Administrative  Decisions. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  113-116,  217,  246,  293.- 
J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  263-265.  —  W.  M. 
Rose,   Notes  on  the   United  States  Reports  (Indexes,  s.  v. 
certiorari,  injunctions,  mandamus,  scire  facias,  etc.). 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative 
Administrative  Law,  I,  31-45;  II,  144-216.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie, 
National  Administration,  passim.  —  D  F.  Wilcox,  Study 
of  City  Government,  ch.  iii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  T.  R.  Powell,  Administrative 
Determinations  (Am.  Pol.  Sci.  Review,  I,  583-607,  August, 
1907).  —  H.  M.  Bowman,  Administrative  Tribunals  (Pol. 
Sci.  Quarterly,  XXI,  609-625,  Dec.,  1906).  —  E.  D.  Remick, 
Corporations  and  the  Courts  (Ibid.,  V,  214-223).  — J.  R. 
Commons,  State  Supervision  of  Cities  (Annals  Am.  Acad. 
Pol.  Sci.,  V,  861-881).  — G.  N.  Lieber,  Executive  Regula 
tions  (Am.  Law  Review,  XXXI,  876).  — W.  H.  Rand, 
Judicial  Legislation  (Harvard  Law  Review,  VIII,  328). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  B.  Wyman,  Administrative  Law.  — 
T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limitations  (7th  ed.),  143, 
note.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Politics  and  Administration,  chs. 
iv,  v.  —  J.  F.  Dillon,  Municipal  Corporations  (4th  ed.),  II, 
chs.  xx-xxiii.  —  T.  E.  Holland,  Jurisprudence,  325-328. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Cases  on  Government 
and  Administration;  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Cases  on  the  Law  of 


§217]  GOVERNMENT  351 

Officers.  —  Decisions  of  the  special  administrative  courts, 
as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  boards  of  general  appraisers, 
land  office,  Commerce  Commission,  Reports,  etc.  —  Shum- 
way  v.  Bennett  (1874),  29  Michigan,  451.  —  U.  S.  v.  Ju  Toy 
(1904),  198  U.  S.,  253;  Goodnow,  Cases  on  Government,  127. 
-  McMillen  v.  Anderson  (1877),  95  U.  S.,  37.  —  Field  v. 
Clark  (1891),  143  U.  S.,  649. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS. —  (1)  Should  the  decision  of  a  rail 
road  commission  go  into  effect  before  it  is  reviewed  by  the 
decree  of  a  court  in  a  suit?  —  (2)  Are  the  decisions  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  law?  —  (3)  Can  a  court  manda 
mus  a  governor? 

§  217.   Paper  No.  19.   Principle  of  Declaring  Acts  Void. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  113,  114,  216,  246,  293.- 
Actual  Government,  §  135. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  ch.  iii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Commonwealth,  I, 
ch.  xxxiii.  —  J.  B.  Thayer,  Origin  and  Scope  of  the  Am. 
Doctrine  of  Constitutional  Law,  4-12.  —  J.  B.  Thayer,  John 
Marshall,  61-78,  95-101,  104-110.  —  J.  B.  Thayer,  Cases, 
I,  10-47,  146-154.  —  B.  Coxe,  Judicial  Power  and  Uncon 
stitutional  Legislation.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
chs.  xiv,  xv. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  T.  M.  Cooley  and  others, 
Constitutional  Hist,  in  the  Development  of  Am.  Law,  9-14, 
37-43,  76-80,  179-188,  221-223,  226-233.  —  W.  W.  Wil 
loughby,  Supreme  Court,  chs.  v,  vi.  —  H.  L.  Carson,  Supreme 
Court,  203-206,  366,  378.  — C.  B.  Davis  in  131  U.  S.  Reports, 
App.  ccxxxv. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  T.  Thayer,  Limits  of  Constitu 
tional  Law  (Yale  Review,  VI,  7-16).  —  T.  M.  Good,  An 
Athenian  Parallel  (Ibid.,  II,  6.4-73).  —  R.  C.  McMurtrie, 
Jurisdiction  to  Declare  Acts  Void  (Am.  Law  Register,  XXXII, 
1093).  — C.  B.  Elliott,  Legislatures  and  Courts  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  V,  224-258).  — W.  H.  Meigs,  Relation  of  the 


352  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§217 

Judiciary  to  the  Constitution  (Am.  Law  Review,  XIX,  175- 
203).  —  R.  C.  Davis,  Judicial  Decisions  on  Statutes  Pro 
hibiting  Combinations  and  Trusts  (Quarterly  Journal  of 
Economics,  XIV,  416).  —  C.  G.  Tiedeman,  Income  Tax 
Decisions  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  VI,  268-279).- 
E.  J.  Jarnes,  Legal  Tender  Decisions  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc., 
Publications,  IV,  No.  5) .  —  S.  P.  Costigan,  Supreme  Court 
(Yale  Law  Journal,  XVI,  259-272). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  145.  —  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  chs.  xxv-xxix.  —  S.  E.  Bald 
win,  Am.  Judiciary,  ch.  vii.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on 
the  Constitution,  496-550.  —  J.  Story,  Commentaries  (Cooley 
ed.),  §§373-397.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional  Limita 
tions,  ch.  vii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§  18,  19,  61.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Comparative  Admin 
istrative  Law,  II,  200-206.  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Political  Science, 
II,  325-329.  — S.  F.  Miller,  Constitution,  98-111,  135-141.- 
H.  C.  Black,  Handbook  of  Constitutional  Law  (2d  ed.),  §  31. 
—  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional  Law,  lects.  8,  22.  —  Dana's 
Wheaton,  note  31.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law, 
§§  134-148. —  J.  Kent,  Commentaries,  I,  lect.  12,  449-454. 

SOURCES.  —  A.  Hamilton  in  Federalist,  Nos.  78,  80,  81. 
-  Passages  quoted  in  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  83-94.  —  J.  Elliot, 
Debates  (2d  ed.),  II,  196,  197,  489;  III,  205,  324,  325, 
553;  IV,  155;  V,  151,  321,  344,  346,  347,  429.  —  J.  B. 
Thayer,  Cases,  I,  34-154  (includes  state  cases  and  valuable 
notes). 

COLONIAL  AND  PRECONSTITUTIONAL  CASES.  —  Frost  v. 
Leighton  (Mass.,  1739),  Am.  Hist.  Review,  II,  229-240.— 
Paxton's  Case  (Mass.,  1761),  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  48-55.- 
Josiah  Phillips  (Va.,  1778),  Am.  Hist.  Review,  I,  444-484. 
-Holmes  v.  Walton  (N.  J.,  1780),  Ibid.,  IV,  456-469.— 
Trevett  v.  Weeden  (R.  I.,  1786),  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  73-78.  — 
Bayard  v.  Singleton  (N.  C.,  1789),  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  78-83. 


§  217]  GOVERNMENT  353 

EARLY  CASES  RELATING  TO  FEDERAL  LAWS,  (1789-1803). 
—  Letter  to  the  President  (1790),  Am.  Jurist,  IV,  293;  J. 
Story,  Commentaries,  §  1579n.  —  Hayburn's  Case  (1792), 
2  Dallas,  409;  see  M.  Farrand  in  Am.  Hist.  Review,  XIII, 
281-285.  —  U.  S.  v.  Yale  Todd  (1794),  13  Howard,  53 
(note  to  U.  S.  v.  Ferreira) ;  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  105n.  —  Mar- 
bury  i).  Madison  (1803),  1  Cranch,  137;  Thayer,  Cases,  I, 
107-114;  Boyd,  Cases,  17;  McClain,  Cases,  815  (reviewed 
by  S.  Pennoyer  in  Am.  Law  Review,  XXX,  183). 

ANTE-BELLUM  CASES  (1851-1857).  —  U.  S.  v.  Ferreira 
(1851-1852),  13  Howard,  40;  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  160,  161; 
Boyd.  Cases,  471.  — Dred  Scott  v.  Sandford  (1857),  19 
Howard,  393;  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  480-496. 

CASES  ON  THE  CIVIL  WAR  AND  ITS  RESULTS.  —  Gordon  v. 
U.  S.  (1865),  2  Wallace,  561;  also  117  U.  S.,  695,  App.  - 
U.  S.  v.  Jones,  119  U.  S.,  477.  —  In  re  Sanborn  (1892),  148 
U.  S.,  222.  —  Ex  parte  Garland  (1867),  4  Wallace,  333; 
Thayer,  Cases,  II,  1453;  McClain,  Cases,  576;  Boyd,  Cases, 
324.  —  Hepburn  v.  Griswold  (1870),  8  Wallace,  603;  Thayer, 
Cases,  II,  1222;  Boyd,  Cases,  118.  — U.  S.  v.  DeWitt  (1870), 
9  Wallace,  41;  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  735-737.  —  Justices  v. 
Murray  (1870),  9  Wallace,  274.  —  Collector  v.  Day  (1871), 
11  Wallace,  113;  Thayer,  Cases,  II,  1378;  Boyd,  Cases,  64; 
McClain,  Cases,  153.  —  U.  S.  v.  Klein  (1872),  13  Wallace, 
128. —  Civil  Rights  Cases  (1883-84),  109  U.  S.,  3;  Thayer, 
Cases,  I,  554;  Boyd,  Cases,  518;  McClain,  Cases,  37. 

REVERSAL  OP  HEPBURN  v.  GRISWOLD.  —  Knox  v.  Lee 
(1871),  12  Wallace,  457;  Boyd,  Cases,  136.  —  Parker  v.  Davis 
(1870),  13  Wallace,  604.  —  Railroad  v.  Johnson  (1872),  15 
Wallace,  195.  —  Railroad  Co.  v.  Maryland  (1874),  22 
Wallace,  105;  Thayer,  Cases,  II,  1953-1957.  —  Juillard  v. 
Greenman  (1884),  110  U.  S.,  421;  Thayer,  Cases,  II,  2225; 
Boyd,  Cases,  157;  McClain,  Cases,  442 

GENERAL  CASES  SINCE  RECONSTRUCTION.  —  U.  S.  v. 
Railroad  Co.  (1873),  17  Wallace,  322;  McClain,  Cases,  158. 
—  U.  S.  v.  Reese  (1875),  92  U.  S.,  214.  —  U.  S.  v.  Fox 


354  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  217 

(1877),  95  U.  S.,  670.  — Trade  Mark  Cases  (1879),  100 
U.  S.,  82;  Thayer,  Cases,  II,  1993-1997.  —  Kilbourn  v. 
Thompson  (1880),  103  U.  S.,  168;  McClain,  Cases,  553.— 
U.  S.  v.  Harris  (1882),  106  U.  S.,  629.  —  Boy d  v.  U.  S. 
(1886),  116  U.  S.,  616;  McClain,  Cases,  885.  —  Baldwin  v. 
Franks  (1887),  120  U.  S.,  678.  —  Callan  v.  Wilson  (1888), 
127  U.  S.,  540;  Thayer,  Cases,  I,  358-361.  —  Counselman  v. 
Hitchcock  (Interstate  Commerce,  1892),  142  U.  S.,  547.  — 
Income  Tax  Cases  (1895),  158  U.  S.,  601. 

MOST  RECENT  CASES.  —  C.  &.  N.  W.  Ry.  v.  Chicago 
(1896),  164  U.  S.,  454.  —  Dewey  v.  Des  Moines  (1898), 
173  U.  S.,  193.  —  Keim  v.  U.  S.  (1899),  177  U.  S,  292.  — 
Howard  v.  Fleming  (1903),  191  U.  S.,  126.  — N.  M.  B.  &  L. 
Association  v.  Brahan  (1903),  193  U.  S.,  635.  —  Buttfield  v. 
Stranahan  (1903),  192  U.  S.,  470. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  If  a  state  court  declares  a 
federal  statute  void,  is  that  statute  thereafter  binding  on 
any  one  before  it  has  been  held  valid  by  the  federal  Supreme 
Court? —  (2)  May  a  federal  court  declare  a  state  act  void 
which  has  been  held  valid  by  the  State  Supreme  Court?  — 
(3)  Can  a  tax  law  be  declared  void  after  the  taxes  have 
been  collected  and  spent? 

§  218.  Paper  No.  20a.  Status  of  Territory  Conquered  but 
not  Ceded. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§26,  71,  72,  115,  116,  163, 
164,  173,  185,  247,  294.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest  of  Interna 
tional  Law,  VII,  §§  1143-1156,  footnotes.  —  Actual  Govern 
ment,  §  160.  —  G.  C.  Lewis,  Government  of  Dependencies, 
165-167. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  F.  Willoughby,  Territories 
and  Dependencies.  —  D.  Y.  Thomas,  Military  Government  in 
newly  acquired  Territory.  —  Folk's  Message,  Feb.  10,  1848, 
in  J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  and  Papers,  IV,  571. — 
E.  G.  Bourne,  Essays  in  Hist.  Criticism,  No.  9.  —  T.  H. 


§218]  GOVERNMENT  355 

Hittell,  California,  II,  458-468,  573-637,  655-672.  —  H.  H. 
Bancroft,  Pacific  States,  VIII,  448,  529,  530;  XVII,  chs. 
ix-xvii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  R.  D.  Hunt,  Legal  Status  of 
California,  1846-1849  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.y  XII, 
387-408).  —  C.  Becker,  Acquisition  and  Government  of 
Dependent  Territory  (Ibid.,  XVI,  404-420).  — E.  Freund, 
Control  of  Dependencies  through  Protectorates  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quarterly,  XIV,  19-38). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest  of  International 
Law,  VII,  §§  1143-1156.  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Law  and  Policy 
of  Annexation.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitu 
tion,  472-474. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  C.  Calvo,  Droit  International 
(4th  ed.),  IV,  212-235,  387-395.  —  J.  Kent,  Commentaries, 

I,  93n.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  682-685n.  —  Dana's  Wheaton, 
note  169.  —  H.  W.  Halleck,  International  Law  (Baker  ed.), 

II,  444-460,  493-507.  —  R.  Phillimore,   International  Law 
(3d  ed.),  Ill,   812-816. —  W.   E.   Hall,  International   Law 
(4th  ed.),  481-504,  587-595. 

SOURCES.  —  Military  government  of  Mexico,  House  Exec 
utive  Documents,  29  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  19  (1846);  30  Cong., 
2  sess.,  No.  47  (1849).  —  Military  Government  of  Cali 
fornia,  W.  Colton,  Three  Years  in  California,  17,  47,  55,  65; 
W.  T.  Sherman,  Memoirs,  I,  30,  31,  36,  37,  40,  41.  —  F. 
Wharton,  Digest,  §§3,  4,  354,  355.  —  Recent  Usage,  Con 
vention  respecting  the  Laws  and  Customs  of  War  on  Land, 
The  Hague,  July  29,  1899. 

CASES.  —  F.  Snow,  Cases  and  Opinions,  364-380.  —  U.  S. 
v.  Rice  (1819),  4  Wheaton,  246;  4  Curtis,  391.  —  Fleming  v. 
Page   (1849),   9  Howard,  603;   18  Curtis,  278.  —  Jecker  v. 
Montgomery   (1851),    13   Howard,   498;   19   Curtis,   615.- 
New  Orleans  v.  Steamship  Co.  (1874),  20  Wallace,  387.  — 
Mechanics  Bank  v.  Union  Bank  (1874),  22  Wallace,  276.  - 
Harrison  v.  Myer  (1875),  92  U.  S.,  111.  —  Gates  v.  Goodloe 


356  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§218 

(1879),  101  U.  S.,  612. —  Thirty  Hogsheads  of  Sugar  v. 
Boyle  (1815),  9  Cranch,  191.  — Cross  v.  Harrison  (1853),  16 
Howard,  164.  —  Dooley  v.  U.  S.  (1901),  182  U.  S.,  222; 
Goodnow,  Cases  on  Officers,  495.  —  Ex  parte  Ortiz  (1900), 
100  Federal  Reporter,  955.  —  Downes  v.  Bidwell  (1901), 
182  U.  S.,  244. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  May  the  military  occupying 
a  conquest  take  private  property  for  public  use? —  (2)  May 
a  military  officer  set  up  a  civil  constitution  in  the  district 
which  he  occupies?  —  (3)  Is  the  acquired  region  in  any 
way  subject  to  laws  of  Congress,  previous  to  cession? 

§  219.  Paper  No.  20b.  Status  of  Territory  Ceded  but  not 
Organized. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,     §§163,     178,     247,     294.- 
R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  No.  10. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  W.  Willoughby,  Constitu 
tional  System,  chs.  xiii,  xiv,  xvii.  —  W.  F.  Willoughby, 
Territories  and  Dependencies.  —  W.  F.  Johnson,  Century  of 
Expansion,  chs.  iv-ix.  —  E.  Channing,  Jeffersonian  System 
(Am.  Nation,  XII),  ch.  vi. 

ADDITIONAL  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  Foundations  of 
Foreign  Policy,  chs.  v,  vi.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  Colonial  Govern 
ment,  part  ii.  —  D.  S.  Jordan,  Imperial  Democracy,  Nos.  3, 
4.  —  W.  Reid,  Problems  of  Expansion.  —  G.  C.  Lewis, 
Government  of  Dependencies  (Lucas  ed.),  Introduction.  — 
H.  Adams,  United  States,  II,  118-131,  399-401.  — F.  X. 
Martin,  Louisiana,  ch.  xxvii.  —  A.  C.  Coolidge.  U.  S.  as  a 
World  Power,  chs.  vii,  viii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  L.  S.  Rowe,  Insular  Decisions, 
(Annals  of  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XVIII,  226-250).  — R.  D. 
Hunt,  Legal  Status  of  California,  1846-1849  (Ibid,  XII, 
387-408).  —  T.  Williams,  Ethical  and  Political  Principles 
of  Expansion  (Ibid.,  XVI,  227-242).  — L.  S.  Rowe,  Civil 
Government  in  the  Philippines  (Ibid.,  XX,  313-327).  —  P.  S. 


§  219]  GOVERNMENT  357 

Reinsch,  Colonial  Autonomy  (Am.  Pol.  Sci.  Assoc.,  Proceed 
ings,  I,  116-143).  — B.  Moses,  Colonial  Policy  (Ibid.,  I, 
88-116).  —  J.  W.  Burgess,  Government  of  Distant  Territory; 
Constitution  and  Newly  Acquired  Territory  (Pol.  Sci.  Quar 
terly,  XIV,  1-18;  XV,  381-398).  — J.  Lowndes,  Law  of 
Annexed  Territory  (Ibid.,  XI,  672-693).  — E.  Freund,  Con 
trol  of  Dependencies  Through  Protectorates  (Ibid,  XIV,  19- 
38).  —  A.  L.  Lowell,  Colonial  Expansion  (Atlantic  Monthly, 
LXXXIII,  145-154).  — A.  L.  Lowell,  Status  of  Our  New 
Possessions  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XIII,  155-176).  —  S.  E. 
Baldwin,  Historic  Policy  of  the  U.  S.  (Am.  Hist.  Assoc., 
Report,  1893,  pp.  369-390).  —  L.  R.  Wilfley,  Legal  Status  of 
Philippines  (Yale  Law  Journal,  XIV,  266-276,  Feb.,  1906). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  I,  §§80-115. 
-  Actual  Government,  §  167.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional 
Law,  ch.  xxxii.  —  C.  F.  Randolph,  Law  and  Policy  of  An 
nexation.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S.  Under  the  Constitution, 
§  8.  —  Lawrence's  Wheaton,  55,  56,  99n,  lOOn,  312-316, 
513n,  514n,  591-597,  683n,  684n.  —  F.  Wharton,  Commen 
taries,  §§  460-465.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law, 
§  53.  —  J.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and  Empire,  chs.  i,  xvi, 
xvii.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  Constitutional  Law,  §§  490—499. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  III,  §§  113,  114;  IV,  §§  186- 
191.  —Am.  Hist.  Leaflets,  No.  32.  —  M.  Hill,  Liberty  Docu 
ments,  ch.  xxiv.  —  F.  Wharton,  Digest,  §§  3-5,  354,  355.- 
A.  H.  Howe,  Insular  Cases,  House  Documents,  56  Cong., 
2  sess.  (1901),  No.  509  (briefs  and  arguments  in  the  Porto 
Rican  and  Philippine  cases). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  DeLima  v.  Bid  well  (May,  1901),  182 
U.  S.,  1,  — Dooley  v.  U.  S.  (May,  1901),  182  U.  S.,  222; 
Goodnow,  Cases  on  Officers,  495.  —  Downes  v.  Bid  well 
(May,  1901),  182  U.  S.,  244.  —  Diamond  Rings  Cases  (Dec., 
1901),  183  U.  S.,  176.  — Dooley  v.  U.  S.  (2d  case,  Dec., 
1901),  183  U.  S.,  151.  — Hawaii  v.  Nankichi  (1902),  190 
U.  S.,  197.  —  Dorr  v.  U.  S.  (1903),  195  U.  S.,  138. 


358  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§  219 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Does  territory  enter  the 
United  States  by  virtue  of  a  treaty  of  cession?  —  (2)  Do 
the  revenue  acts  of  Congress  apply  to  ceded  territories? — • 
(3)  Are  the  people  of  ceded  territory  entitled  to  the  priv 
ileges  of  the  Federal  Constitution? 

§  220.   Paper  No.  21.   Difficulties  in  Assessing  Personal  Taxes. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  117,  118,  148,  248,  295.- 
Actual    Government,    §171.  —  R.    C.    Ringwalt,    Briefs    on 
Public  Questions,  No.  23.  —  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs 
for  Debate,  Nos.  45,  46.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V,  73,  74.  - 
L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II,  483- 
487.  —  W.  I.  Fletcher,  "A.L.A."  Index  to  General  Litera 
ture  (2d  ed.),  570. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Essays  in 
Taxation.  —  D.  F.  Wilcox,  Am.  City,  ch.  xii.  —  R.  T.  Ely, 
Taxation  in  Am.  States  and  Cities,  131-234. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  L.  Purdy,  Taxation  of  Person 
alty  (Municipal  Affairs,  III,  299-349) .  —  Single  Tax  Dis 
cussion  (Journal  of  Social  Sci.,  XXVII,  1-124).  — E.  A. 
Angell,  Tax  Inquisition  System  in  Ohio  (Yale  Review,  V, 
350—373).  —  R.  H.  Whitten,  Assessment  in  Chicago  (Journal 
Political  Economy,  V,  174).  — N.  Matthews,  Double  Taxa 
tion  (Quart.  Journal  of  Economics,  IV,  339).  —  J.  W.  Chap 
man,  State  Tax  Commissions  (Johns  Hopkins  University 
Studies,  XV,  Nos.  10,  11).  — Max  West,  Theory  of  Inheri 
tance  Tax,  City  and  County  Taxes  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly, 
VIII,  426-444;  XIV,  305-324,  470-499).  — J.  C.  Schwab, 
Hist,  of  the  New  York  Property  Tax  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc., 
Publications,  V,  No.  4). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  175.  —  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Local  Government,  ch.  xv.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  City 
Government,  ch.  xiii.  —  C.  C.  Plehn,  General  Property  Tax 
in  California.  —  F.  R.  Clow,  Comparative  Study  of  the 
Administration  of  City  Finances  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc.,  Eco- 


§  221]  GOVERNMENT  359 

nomic  Studies,  I,  No.  3;  II,  No.  3;  3d  ser.,  II,  No.  4. - 
E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,  §  115.  —  J.  F.  Dillon,  Muni 
cipal  Corporations,  II,  ch.  xix.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Law  of 
Taxation,  ch.  xii.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law, 
§  96.  —  H.  George,  Progress  and  Poverty,  Book  viii,  chs. 
iii,  iv.  —  V.  Rose  water,  Special  Assessments  (Colombia  Uni 
versity,  Studies,  II,  359).  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Constitutional 
Limitations,  ch.  xiv. 

SOURCES.  —  Statistics  in  Tribune  Almanac  and  World 
Almanac  (annuals).  —  Reports  of  state  treasurers  and 
auditors. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  all  corporations  be 
compelled  to  furnish  to  the  various  state  authorities  lists 
of  their  stockholders  and  the  amount  of  their  holdings, 
resident  in  each  of  the  states? — (2)  Should  all  personal 
taxes  be  abolished? — (3)  Should  there  be  state  income 
taxes? 

§  221.   Paper  No.  22.   Difficulties  of  Tariff  Administration. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,     §§117,     118,     248,    295.- 
Actual  Government,  §§  171,  180.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial 
Hist.,   §  77.  —  E.  R.  A.  Seligman,  Economics,   §  199.  —  R. 
C.   Ringwalt,   Briefs   on    Public    Questions,    Nos.    12-15.  - 
L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II,  482, 
483. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  Financial  Hist., 
chs.  viii,  xxi.  —  A.  Johnston,  Political  Hist.  (Woodburn 
ed.),  ch.  xvii.  —  O.  L.  Elliott,  Tariff  Controversy.  —  J.  D. 
Goss,  Tariff  Administration.  —  F.  W.  Taussig,  Tariff  Hist., 
chs.  iii,  iv. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  F.  J.  Goodnow,  Collection  of 
Duties  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  I,  36-44).  — E.  J.  Shriver,  How 
Customs  Duties  Work  (Ibid.,  265-273).  — S.  B.  Harding, 
Minimum  Principle  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  VI,  100- 
116).  —  O.  H.  Perry,  Proposed  Tariff  Legislation  since 


360  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§221 

1883  (Quart.  Journal  Economics,  II,  691).  — T.  B.  Reed, 
Tariff  and  Business  (North  Am.  Review,  vol,  158,  p.  110).  — 
E.  L.  Godkin,  Political  and  Social  Aspects  (New  Puritan 
Review,  III,  164).  —  W.  Hill,  First  Stages  of  the  Tariff  Policy 
(Am.  Econ.  Assoc.,  Publications,  VIII,  No.  5). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  177.  —  E.  R. 
A.  Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  xxx.  —  W.  J.  Ashley,  Tariff 
Problem.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Administration,  ch.  vii. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  E.  Stan  wood,  Tariff  Contro 
versies.  —  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and  Empire,  ch.  ix. 

SOURCES.  —  E.  Young,  Special  Report  on  the  Customs 
Tariff  Legislation  of  the  U.  S.  (House  Exec.  Docs.,  42  Cong., 
2  sess.,  No.  109  (1872).  —  H.  Talbot  (compiler),  Tariff 
Hearings  before  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means  (1893). — 
D.  Manning,  Reports  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  (1885, 
1886).  —  Secretary  of  Treasury,  Annual  Reports.  —  Com 
missioner  of  Customs,  Annual  Reports.  —  Wm.  MacDonald, 
Select  Documents,  Nos.  44,  45,  56. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  all  goods  imported 
be  valued  by  appraisers  without  reference  to  the  invoices? 
-  (2)  Should  all  duties  be  made  specific?  —  (3)  Should 
unproductive  schedules  of  the  tariff  be  dropped  out? 

§  222.   Paper  No.  23.   Federal  Control  of  Corporations. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  1 19,  120,  162.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  207.  —  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public 
Questions,  Nos.  16,  19. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xiii.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Prob 
lems  (Am.  Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  xii.  —  J.  Bryce,  Am.  Com 
monwealth,  II,  ch.  civ.  —  F.  H.  Giddings,  Democracy  and 
Empire,  ch.  vii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  G.  K.  Holmes,  State  Control 
of  Corporations  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  V,  411).  — E.  W.  Huff- 
cut,  Constitutional  Aspects  of  Federal  Control  of  Corpora- 


§223]  GOVERNMENT  361 

tions  (Am.  Law  Review,  XXXIV,  186).  — C.  C.  Langdell, 
The  Northern  Securities  Case  and  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust 
Act  (Harvard  Law  Review,  XVI,  539).  —  W.  D.  Guthrie,  Con 
stitutionality  of  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Act  (Ibid,  XI,  80). 

—  W.   F.   Dana,   Monopoly  under  the  National  Anti-Trust 
Act    (Ibid.,    VII,    338).  — A.    Russell,    Federal   Jurisdiction 
over  State  Corporations  (Ibid.,  VII,  16).  — W.  F.  Dana,  The 
Supreme  Court  and  the  Sherman  Act  (Ibid.,  XVI,   178).— 
A.  L.  Haines,  Power  of  Congress  over  Combinations  Affecting 
Interstate  Commerce   (Ibid,   XVII,   83).  — B.   Wyman,    The 
Law  of  Public  Callings  as  a  Solution  of  the  Trust  Problem 
(Ibid.,  XVII,   156,  217).  — H.   Pope,   Legal  Aspect  of  Mo 
nopoly  (Ibid.,  XX,  167). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§208,  209, 
212.  —  E.  McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  ch.  xv.  —  E.  R.  A. 
Seligman,  Economics,  ch.  vii.  — •  J.  B.  Clark,  Control  of 
Trusts.  —  J.  W.  Jenks,  Trust  Problem.  —  E.  Freund,  Police 
Power.  —  E.  P.  Prentice,  Federal  Power  over  Carriers  and 
Corporations,  chs.  vi-viii.  —  J.  I.  C.  Hare,  Constitutional 
Law,  §§  98,  105,  111,  249,  1310. 

SOURCES.  —  Contemporaries,  IV,  §  201.  —  U.S.  Statutes  at 
Large,  XXIV,  37.  —  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Act,  U.  S.  Statutes 
at  Large,  XXVI,  209.  —  Senate  Documents,  59  Cong.,  2  sess., 
No.  226  (Act  of  June  29,  1906).  —  Industrial  Commission, 
Report,  II,  XIX. 

CASES.  —  For  a  list  of  cases  see  Manual,  §  162. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  a  federal  corpora 
tion  license  be  required  for  doing  an  interstate  commerce 
business?  —  (2)  Should  interstate  business  be  prohibited 
to  corporations  having  only  a  state  charter? — (3)  Should 
all  corporations  of  every  kind  be  required  to  submit  to 
periodical  inspection  by  the  federal  government? 

§  223.   Paper  No.  24.   Public  Canals. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§85,  86,  175,  182,  186,  196. 

—  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs  for  Debate,  No.  25. 


362  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§223 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  H.  Latane,  America  as  a 
World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xii.  —  G.  P.  Garri 
son,  Westward  Extension  (Am.  Nation,  XVII),  ch.  xviii.  — 
T.  C.  Smith,  Parties  and  Slavery,  (Am.  Nation,  XVIII), 
chs.  vi,  xviii.  —  D.  R.  Dewey,  National  Problems  (Am. 
Nation,  XXIV),  ch.  vii.  —  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Devel 
opment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  ch.  xiii.  —  W.  F.  Johnson, 
Four  Centuries  of  the  Canal,  chs.  viii-xii.  —  T.  B.  Edgington, 
Monroe  Doctrine,  ch.  xix.  —  P.  S.  Reinsch,  World  Politics, 
parts  ii,  iii. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  E.  R.  Johnson,  Nicaragua  Canal 
and  Economic  Development  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci., 
VII,  38).  — J.  A.  Fairlie,  Economic  Effect  of  Ship  Canals 
(Ibid.,  XI,  54).  — L.  M.  Keasbey,  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty 
(Ibid.,  XIV,  285). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  J.  B.  Moore,  Digest,  III,  §§  344, 
363-366.  —  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.),  I, 
304-311.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law  (4th  ed.),  §§  107- 
109,  111.  —  J.  B.  Henderson,  Am.  Diplomatic  Questions, 
ch.  iv. 

SOURCES.  —  U.  S.  Treaties  and  Conventions  (see  Index) .  — 
Senate  and  House  Executive  Documents  (see  Indexes).  — 
Statutes  at  Large,  XXXII,  1903  (Hay-Pauncefote  treaty).  — 
Statutes  at  Large,  XXXIII,  part  ii.,  2234-2241  (Hay-Varilla 
treaty) . 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  the  United  States 
take  over  the  Erie  Canal? —  (2)  Should  the  United  States 
construct  a  coastwise  system  of  ship  canals  from  Maine  to 
Georgia? —  (3)  Should  the  Panama  Canal  be  run  for  profit? 

§  224.   Paper  No.  25.   City  Ownership  of  Traction  Lines. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  115,  116,  249,  296.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  218.  —  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Ques 
tions,  No.  21.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Liter 
ature,  II,  354,  473. 


§  224]  GOVERNMENT  363 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  D.  F.  Wilcox,  Am.  City,  ch.  iii. 
—  C.  Zueblin,  Municipal  Progress,  chs.  ii,  x.  —  F.  Parsons, 
City  for  the  People,  ch.  i.  —  F.  C.  Howe,  City  the  Hope  of 
Democracy,  chs.  viii,  ix. 

LOCAL  SYSTEMS.  —  A.  H.  Sinclair,  Toronto  Street  Railway 
(Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics,  VI,  98—105).  —  J.  A. 
Fairlie,  Street  Railway  Question  in  Chicago  (Ibid.,  XX,  371- 
404).  —  C.  Moore,  Municipal  Ownership  in  Detroit  (Ibid., 
XIII,  453;  XIV,  121).  — W.  Smart,  Glasgow  and  Muni 
cipal  Industries  (Ibid.,  IX,  188-194).  —  Albert  Shaw,  Muni 
cipal  Government  in  Continental  Europe,  79-90,  188,  189,  262, 
263,  325-327,  350-355,  427-429,  459,  460.  —  National  Con 
ference  for  Good  City  Government,  Proceedings,  1896, 
pp.  198-225;  1898,  pp.  94-100,  220-250;  1899,  pp.  162-168, 
207-215;  1900,  pp,  157-198.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  I,  421- 
457,  605-630;  III,  234-263,  473-491;  IV,  31-59,  106-181, 
212-221,  458-480;  V,  419-584.  —  W.  R.  Hopkins,  Street 
Railway  Problem  in  Cleveland  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc.,  Economic 
Studies,  I,  Nos.  5,  6).  —  M.  R.  Maltbie,  Street  Railways  of 
Chicago.  —  W.  E.  Hotchkiss,  Chicago  Traction  (Annals  Am. 
Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XXVIII,  385-404). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §§  227-229.  — 
C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  §§  58,  79.  —  E.  W.  Bemis, 
Municipal  Monopolies,  ch.  vii.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  Municipal 
Administration,  ch.  xii.  —  A.  H.  Sinclair,  Municipal  Mono 
polies. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  C.  W.  Baker,  Monopolies  and 
the  People.  — •  H.  C.  Adams  and  others,  Modern  Municipali 
ties  and  Quasi-Public  Works  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc.,  Publica 
tions,  No.  6). 

SOURCES.  —  Massachusetts  Special  Commission  on  Rela 
tions  with  Street  Railway  Companies,  Report,  1898.  —  H.  V. 
and  W.  H.  Poor,  Manual  of  the  Railroads  of  the  U.  S.  (annual 
volume).  —  Reports  on  street  railway  companies,  in  Massa 
chusetts  Board  of  Railway  Commissioners,  Report  (annual 


364  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§224 

volume).  —  National  Civic  Federation,  Report  of  Commission 
on  Public  Ownership  (1907).  —  Municipal  Journal  and 
Engineer,  passim.  —  U.  S.  Census,  1900,  Bulletin,  No.  3. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  Chicago  grant  fran 
chises  for  private  lines  of  any  kind  on  public  highways?  — 
(2)  Should  Boston  acquire  the  surface  lines  and  lease  them 
to  an  opposing  company?  —  (3)  Should  New  York  permit 
any  more  subways  to  be  built  by  private  capital? 

§  225.   Paper  No.  26.   Limitation  of  Immigration. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  99,  100,  119,  120,  155,  161, 
177,  187,  249,  296.  —  Actual  Government,  §194.  — R.  C. 
Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Questions,  Nos.  5,  6.  —  A.  P.  C. 
Griffin,  Books  on  Immigration.  —  R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on 
Public  Questions,  Nos.  5,  6,  28.  —  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical 
Sociology,  §§23,  60.  —  E.  C.  Lunt,  Key  to  U.  S.  Census, 
36,  39. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  A.  B.  Hart,  National  Ideals  (Am. 
Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  iii.  —  E.  E.  Sparks,  National  Develop 
ment  (Am.  Nation,  XXIII),  chs.  v,  xiv.  —  J.  H.  Latane, 
America  as  a  World  Power  (Am.  Nation,  XXV),  ch.  xvii.  — 
P.  F.  Hall,  Immigration.  —  F.  A.  Walker,  Discussions  in 
Economics  and  Statistics,  II,  417-454.  —  J.  A.  Riis,  How  the 
Other  Half  Lives. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  J.  H.  Noble,  Immigration  Ques 
tion  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  VII,  232-243).  — E.  Schuyler, 
Italian  Immigration  into  the  U.  S.  (Ibid.,  IV,  480-489).— 
R.  P.  Faulkner,  Immigration  Problem  (Ibid.,  XIX,  32-49).  - 
F.  P.  Powers,  Occupations  of  Immigrants  (Quarterly  Journal 
of  Economics,  II,  223-228).  —  H.  H.  Hart,  Immigration  and 
Crime  (Am.  Journal  of  Sociology,  II,  369).  — P.  F.  Hall, 
K.  H.  Claghorn,  F.  P.  Sargent,  in  Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol. 
Sci.,  XXIV,  151-236. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  196.  —  J.  R. 
Commons,  Races  and  Immigrants.  —  W.  A.  Sutherland, 


§  226]  GOVERNMENT  365 

Notes  on  the  Constitution,  108.  —  R.  Mayo-Smith,  Emigra 
tion  and  Immigration,  chs.  xi-xiii. 

SOURCES.  —  T.  Roosevelt,  Annual  Message,  Dec.  5,  1905 
(in  House  Docs.,  59  Cong.,  1  sess.,  I).  —  Statute  of  March 
3,  1903,  in  U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXXII,  1213;  see  also 
Act  of  Feb.  20,  1907.  —  J.  A.  Riis,  Making  of  an  American. 
—  F.  L.  Dingley,  European  Emigration  (U.  S.  Special  Con 
sular  Reports,  IV,  211-332, 1891).  —  Immigration  Restriction 
League,  Reports,  etc.  —  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Immigration, 
Annual  Reports.  —  H.  C.  Lodge,  J.  B.  Webber,  C.  S.  Smith, 
W.  E.  Chandler,  H.  C.  Hansbrough,  J.  H.  Senner,  S.  G. 
Croswell,  O.  F.  Hall,  in  North  Am.  Review,  CLII,  27;  CLIV, 
424;  CLVI,  1,  220;  CLVIII,  494;  CLXII,  649;  CLXIV,  526; 
CLXV,  393.  —  H.  H.  Boyesen,  G.  H.  S.  Schwab,  G.  S.  Fisher, 
in  Forum,  III,  533;  XIV,  805;  XVI,  560. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  See  W.  A.  Sutherland,  Notes  on  the 
Constitution,  108.  —  Industrial  Commission,  Report,  XV. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  all  immigrants  be 
excluded  who  cannot  read  and  write  some  language?  — 
(2)  Should  the  total  number  of  immigrants  admitted  in 
any  one  year  be  limited  to  500,000?  —  (3)  Should  all 
immigrants  from  all  countries  east  of  Italy,  Switzerland  and 
Germany  be  excluded? 

§  226.   No.  27.  Status  of  Consuls. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§  121, 122,  251,  297.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  188.  —  Footnotes  to  treatises  on  Inter 
national  Law.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodical 
Literature,  II,  93. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  C.  L.  Jones,  Consular  Service.  — 
W.  E.  Curtis,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Powers,  ch.  ii.  —  E.  Schuy- 
ler,  Am.  Diplomacy.  —  J.  A.  Garfield,  Works,  II,  274.  —  A. 
H.  Washburn,  Some  Evils  of  our  Consular  Service  (Atlantic 
Monthly,  LXXIV,  241-252). 


366  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§226 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  191.  —  J.  B. 
Moore,  Digest,  V,  ch.  xvi.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Ad 
ministration,  ch.  vi.  — '  J.  W.  Foster,  Practice  of  Diplomacy, 
ch.  xi. 

ADDITIONAL  TREATISES.  —  W.  E.  Hall,  International  Law 
(4th  ed.),  330-338.  —  J.  N.  Pomeroy,  International  Law, 
443-454.  —  T.  D.  Woolsey,  International  Law  (6th  ed.), 
§§99,  100.  —  R.  Phillimore,  International  Law  (3d  ed.), 
II,  287-325. 

SOURCES.  —  Act  of  April  5,  1906.  —  Senate  Reports,  59 
Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  112.  —  House  Reports,  59  Cong.,  1  sess., 
Nos.  2281,  2681.  — U.  S.  Secretary  of  State,  Annual  Re 
ports,  Consular  Reports. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  non-citizens  be  ap 
pointed  to  any  consular  office?  —  (2)  Should  consulates 
be  bestowed  only  on  college  graduates?  —  (3)  Should 
consuls  be  appointed  by  competitive  examination? 

§  227.   Paper  No.  28.   The  Pension  System. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§121,  122,  250,  298.— 
Actual  Government,  §  199.  —  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs 
for  Debate,  No.  29. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  J.  A.  Fairlie,  National  Admin 
istration,  205-208.  —  W.  P.  Hovey,  Soldier's  Rights.  - 
E.  H.  Hall,  Indignity  to  Our  Citizen  Soldiers.  —  W.  H. 
Glasson,  Hist,  of  Military  Pension  Legislation  (Columbia 
University  Studies,  XII,  No.  3).  —  E.  C.  Mason,  Veto  Power, 
§§  71-81. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  W.  H.  Glasson,  National  Pen 
sion  System  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  XIX,  204-226). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  206.  —  Curtis 
and  Webster,  Digest  of  Pension  Laws.  —  Chitty  and  Bixler, 
Digest  of  Pension  and  Bounty  Land  Decisions.  —  W.  A. 
Sutherland,  Notes  on  the  Constitution,  216,  736. 


§  228]  GOVERNMENT  367 

SOURCES.  —  Secretary  of  Interior,  and  Pension  Commis 
sioner,  Annual  Reports,  with  statistics.  —  Veto  messages  in 
J.  D.  Richardson,  Messages  (especially  in  1885-1889,  1893- 
1897). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Pennie  v.  Reis  (1889),  132  U.  S.,  464; 
Good  now,  Cases  on  the  Law  of  Officers,  334.  —  Common 
wealth  v.  Walton  (1897),  182  Penn.  State,  373;  Goodnow. 
Cases  on  the  Law  of  Officers,  339.  —  In  re  Mahon  (1902),  171 
N.  Y.,  263;  Goodnow,  Cases  on  the  Law  of  Officers,  342. — 
State  v.  Rogers  (1902),  87  Minn.,  130;  Goodnow,  Cases  on 
the  Law  of  Officers,  344.  —  Hubbard  v.  Ohio,  58  L.  R.  A., 
654;  Goodnow,  Cases  on  the  Law  of  Officers,  348. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  pensions  be  given 
to  those  whose  children  can  support  them?  —  (2)  Should 
wives  who  have  married  pensioners  after  the  end  of  their 
military  career  be  pensioned  when  they  become  widows?  — 
(3)  Should  former  officers  of  forty  years  standing  receive 
half  pay? 

§  228.   Paper  No.  29.   Regulation  of  Liquor  Traffic. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §§123,  124,  252,  299. — 
Actual  Government,  §  244.  —  Brookings  and  Ringwalt,  Briefs 
for  Debate,  Nos.  66,  67-.  —  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology, 
§  203.  —  Municipal  Affairs,  V,  125,  126.  —  L.  A.  Jones, 
Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II,  249,  250,  314,  315.  - 
J.  Koren,  Economic  Aspects  of  the  Liquor  Problem. 

SELECT  DISCUSSIONS.  —  W.  E.  H.  Lecky,  Democracy  and 
Liberty,  II,  134-167.  —  J.  H.  Crocker,  Problems  in  Am. 
Society,  No.  3.  —  T.  N.  Wilson,  Local  Option  in  Norway. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES.  —  S.  N.  Patten,  Economic  Basis 
of  Prohibition  (Annals  Am.  Acad.  Pol.  Sci.,  II,  59-68).- 
J.  G.  Brooks,  Gothenburg  Plan  (Forum,  XIV,  514).  —  C.  W. 
Eliot,  Study  of  Am.  Liquor  Law  (Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXIX, 
177).  —  B.  R.  Tillman,  Liquor  Laws  in  South  Carolina 
(North  Am.  Review,  CLVIII,  140).  — C.  L.  M.  Sites,  Cen- 


368  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§228 

tralized  Administration  of  Liquor  Laws  (Columbia  University 
Studies,  X,  No.  3). 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  Actual  Government,  §  247.  —  E. 
McClain,  Constitutional  Law,  §91. —  T.  H.  Calvert,  Regula 
tion  of  Commerce,  ch.  v.  —  C.  S.  Patterson,  U.  S.  Under  the 
Constitution,  §§  50,  52,  131. 

SOURCES.  —  F.  H.  Wines  and  J.  Koren,  Liquor  Problem 
in  its  Legislative  Aspects  (Committee  of  Fifty,  Report,  No.  1). 

-  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Labor,  Fifth  Special  Report,  1893 
(Gothenburg    system).  —  U.    S.    Commissioner    of    Labor, 
Annual  Report,  1898  (economic  aspects).  —  E.  L.  Fanshawe, 
Liquor    Legislation.  —  J.    Koren,    Economic   Aspects   of   the 
Liquor  Problem;  R.   Calkins,   Substitutes  for  the  Saloon.  — 
Wilson  Act,   U.  S.  Statutes  at  Large,  XXVI,  313  (Aug.  8, 
1390). 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Leisy  v.  Hardin  (1889),  135  U.  S.,  100. 
-Pabst  Brewing  Co.  v.  Crenshaw   (1900),  198  U.  S.,  17. 

-  Rhodes  v.  Iowa  (1878),  170  U.  S.,  412.  —  Vance  v.  W.  A. 
Vandercook  Co.  (1897),  170  U.  S.,  438.  —  Am.  Express  Co. 
v.  Iowa  (1904),  196  U.  S.,  133. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Would  the  Gothenburg  sys 
tem  apply  to  American  cities?  —  (2)  Does  a  high  license 
diminish  drinking?  —  (3)  May  a  state  prohibit  the  trans 
portation  of  liquor? 

§  229.   Paper  No.  30.  Injunctions  against  Rioters. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  Manual,  §  §  123,  124,  299.  —  Actual 
Government,  §  244.  — R.  C.  Ringwalt,  Briefs  on  Public  Ques 
tions,  No.  25. —  C.  D.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology,  §§  150, 
213.  —  Century  Digest,  article  on  Injunction.  —  L.  A.  Jones, 
Index  to  Legal  Periodical  Literature,  II,  232,  233. 

PERIODICALS.  —  T.  M.  Cooley,  Lessons  of  Recent  Civil 
Disorders  (Forum,  XVIII,  1-19).  — H.  J.  Fletcher,  The 
Railway  War  (Atlantic  Monthly,  LXXIV,  534-541).  — C. 
N.  Gregory,  Government  by  Injunction  (Harvard  Law  Review, 


§  229]  GOVERNMENT  369 

XI,  487).  —  W.  D.  Lewis,  The  Debs  Case  (Am.  Law  Register, 
New  Series,  XXXIII,  879).  —  F.  J.  Stimson,  Modern  Use  of 
Injunction  (Pol.  Sci.  Quarterly,  X,  189-202).  — W.  M. 
Baternan,  Injunctions  against  Labor  Unions  (Central  Law 
Journal,  XXXIX,  265).  —  C.  C.  Allen,  Injunctions  against 
Organized  Labor  (Am.  Law  Review,  XXVIII,  828).  —  Discus 
sion  in  Am.  Bar  Assoc.,  Report  (1894),  151-326. 

SELECT  TREATISES.  —  E.  Baxter,  Federal  Practice  in  Con 
tempt  Proceedings.  —  W.  H.  Dunbar,  Government  by  Injunc 
tion  (Am.  Econ.  Assoc.,  Studies,  III,  No.  1).  —  Actual  Gov 
ernment,  §140.  —  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Law,  §11. 

—  F.  J.  Stimson,  Handbook  to  Labor  Law.  —  F.  H.  Cooke, 
Law  of  Trade  and  Labor  Combinations.  —  J.  L.  High,  Law 
of  Injunctions.  —  W.  W.  Kerr,  Law  and  Practice  of  Injunc 
tions.  —  C.  F.  Beach,  Law  of  Injunctions.  —  F.  S.  Cogley, 
Law  of  Strikes,  Lockouts  and  Labor  Organizations. 

SOURCES.  —  Senate  Documents,  56  Cong.,  2  sess.,  No.  58. 

—  57  Cong.,  1  sess.,  No.  190.  —  Bureau  of  Labor,  Bulletin, 
No.  2.  —  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Labor,  Annual  Reports.  — 
Industrial  Commission,  Report,  IV;  Testimony,  7-14,  145- 
147.  —  U.    S.    Strike    Commission,    Report    on   the    Chicago 
Strike. 

SELECT  CASES.  —  Central  Law  Journal,  XLII,  74.  —  Law 
Reports  Annotated,  XXVIII,  464.  — Am.  Law  Rev.,  XXVIII, 
269;  XXXI,  761;  XXXIII,  879  (Debs).  —  In  re  Debs  (1894), 
158  U.  S.,  579. —  Jensen  v.  Cooks'  and  Waiters'  Union 
(1905),  81  Pacific,  1069.  —  Knudsen  v.  Benn  (1903),  123 
Federal,  636.  — Gray  v.  Bldg.  Trades  Council  (1903),  97 
N.  W.,  663.  —  O'Brien  v.  People  (1905),  216  111.,  354.- 
Barnes  v.  Typographical  Union,  Chicago  Legal  News,  Oct.  21, 
1905.  —  E.  Baxter,  Federal  Practice  in  Contempt  Proceedings. 

SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS.  —  (1)  Should  courts  apply  the 
principle  of  injunction  to  capitalists  who  seem  about  to 
break  the  laws? — (2)  Can  the  courts  inflict  a  greater 
penalty  on  a  person  for  an  offence  contrary  to  an  in  June- 


370  CLASS-ROOM  PAPERS  [§229 

tion  than  for  the  same  offence  committed  by  a  person  who 
has  not  been  enjoined? — (3)  Can  a  court  enjoin  against 
forgery? 

§  230.  Six  Class-room  Papers  in  American  Government 
(Course  F). 

For  general  discussion  of  class-room  papers  and  for  the 
relation  of  the  six  papers  to  the  corresponding  lectures,  see 
Manual,  §§7,  127-133. 

PAPER  No.  1.  THEORY  OF  RELIGIOUS  LIBERTY  (Manual, 
§202). 

PAPER  No.  2.  EFFICIENCY  OF  THE  REFERENDUM  (Man 
ual,  §205). 

PAPER  No.  3.  DEFECTS  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  SYSTEM 
(Manual,  §214). 

PAPER  No.  4.  DEPENDENCIES  (Manual,  §  163,  cf.  §§  218, 
219). 

PAPER  No.  5.  PUBLIC  CANALS  (Manual,  §  223,  cf.  §§  143, 
161). 

PAPER  No.  6.  REGULATION  OF  THE  LIQUOR  TRAFFIC 
(Manual,  §  228,  cf.  §§  123,  124,  252,  299). 


PART  IT 
LIBRARY    REPORTS 

§  231.  Purpose  of  the  Library  Reports. 

In  assigning  library  written  work  the  instructor  should 
have  in  mind  the  following  criteria:  — 

(1)  The  subjects  should  all  be  different  so  that  no  two 
students  will  have  the  same  problem,  —  assigning  work  to 
pairs  of  students  has  some  advantages,  but  is  apt  to  result 
in  one  member  of  the  pair  doing  most  of  the  work. 

(2)  The  subject  should  be  minute  in  scope  so  that  it 
may  be  possible  in  a  reasonable  time  to  examine  all,  or  nearly 
all,  the  material  that  bears  upon  it. 

(3)  The  subjects  ought  to  be  specific;  that  is,  either  the 
examination    of    a    debatable    question,    upon    which    the 
student  is  expected  to  come  to  a  decision,  and  to  state  his 
grounds  for  it;  or  the  collection  of  data  which  will  illustrate 
some  circumscribed  question.     An  instance  of  the  first  kind 
is:  "Is  a  joint  resolution  different  from  an  act  of  Congress?" 
An  example  of  the  second  case  is:  " Instances  of  taxation 
of  ecclesiastical  property." 

(4)  The  result  ought  to  be  condensed  into  rather  brief 
compass,  say  from. ten  to  twenty  pages  at  most,  and  should 
take  the  form  rather  of  a  brief  with  references  and  discus 
sion  than  of  a  thesis  in  literary  dress. 

(5)  The  results  should  be  put  into  an  analytic  classified 
shape,  separating  topics  logically,  and  treating  each  part 
separately. 

§  232.   Preparation  of  Library  Reports. 

For  the   convenience   of  the  instructor  in  handling  the 
reports,    and   for   the   training   of   students   in   methodical 


372  'LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§232 

habits  of  work,  and  in  order  to  accustom  them  to  arrange 
their  material  for  others'  use,  the  following  general  direc 
tions  will  be  found  important.  Students  will  be  held  re 
sponsible  for  following  them  out  carefully.  Particular 
directions  and  suggestions  for  each  report  will  be  found 
below. 

ASSIGNMENT.  So  far  as  possible,  the  preference  of  the 
student  for  a  particular  line  of  investigation  will  be  con 
sulted;  for  this  purpose  students  are  required  when  they 
enter  any  of  the  courses  to  fill  out  a  blank  form  with  an 
account  of  their  previous  study  and  a  list  of  preferred 
topics.  Any  student  may  take  up  a  new  subject,  by  the 
consent  of  the  assistant  or  instructor,  record  to  be  made 
of  every  such  change. 

CONFERENCE.  All  students  are  required  to  report  to  the 
assistant  at  least  three  times  during  the  progress  of  their 
work. 

(1  )When  they  begin  work  upon  their  topic,  so  as  to  be 
sure  that  they  understand  what  is  expected  of  them. 

(2)  At  least  once  during  the  progress  of  their  work,  so 
that  the  assistant  may  know  that  they  are  on  a  right  road. 

(3)  In  order  to  submit  their  notes  or  completed  report 
for  the  assistant's  approval  before  handing  in  the  report. 

These  requirements  are  absolute;  no  report  will  be  credited 
to  a  student  unless  it  bear  the  assistant's  minute  of  three 
conferences. 

ASSISTANCE.  It  is  a  principle  of  the  whole  work  that  the 
actual  search  for  the  books  must  be  done  by  students  them 
selves.  No  other  assistance  or  guidance  will  be  expected  in 
this  exercise  except  from  the  instructor  and  regularly 
appointed  assistant.  Whenever,  after  a  faithful  attempt, 
students  are  not  able  to  bring  to  light  sufficient  information 
on  their  subject,  or  meet  contradictions  or  difficulties  which 
they  do  not  know  how  to  explain,  they  are  to  apply  to  the 
assistant.  The  library  officials  should  not  be  asked  to 


§  233J  METHODS  373 

furnish  material,  or  to  show  students  how  to  use  catalogues 
and  other  materials;  the  assistant  will  cheerfully  give  such 
aid  to  those  who  need  it.  It  is  not  desired  that  a  student 
should  be  discouraged  at  the  outset  for  want  of  guidance; 
nor  that  he  should  avoid  the  lesson  which  the  exercise  is 
meant  to  teach  —  the  independent  use  of  books  and  aids. 

§  233.   Desirable  Form  for  the  Library  Reports. 

METHODS.  As  one  of  the  principal  objects  of  the  special 
report  work  is  to  train  students  in  acquiring  information  on 
any  subject,  with  the  greatest  economy  of  time  and  the 
greatest  clearness  of  result,  every  student  is  urged  to  think 
out  a  method  for  himself.  A  very  convenient  way  is  to 
take  notes  on  loose  sheets,  each  piece  of  paper  being  devoted 
to  some  branch  of  the  general  subject;  the  information 
gained  from  different  books  is  thus  assembled  in  a  classified 
form,  and  when  the  sheets  are  arranged,  the  material  for 
the  condensed  report  is  brought  together  in  logical  order. 
In  all  cases,  exact  references  to  volume  and  page  must  support 
all  important  statements;  in  giving  authorities  the  author's 
name  should  precede  the  title  of  the  book.  No  reports  will 
be  accepted  in  which  references  are  lacking  or  indefinite. 
Except  in  the  bibliographical  report  (Manual,  §  235)  every 
reference  must  be  to  a  book  or  passage  which  the  student 
has  seen  himself;  and  if  there  are  serious  discrepancies 
between  authorities,  they  should  be  pointed  out.  The 
effort  will  be  made  to  assign  only  topics  on  which  there  is 
positive  information;  but  if  a  diligent  search  in  the  proper 
books  brings  little  to  light,  the  work  will  be  as  readily 
accepted  as  though  more  had  been  found. 

FORM  OF  THE  REPORT.  All  the  reports  are  to  be  turned 
in  on  the  uniform  sheets  with  printed  headings,  on  which 
topics  are  handed  out.  Do  not  fold  the  papers.  The 
amount  of  time  spent  should  be  noted.  Dates  should  be 
entered  in  the  narrow  outside  column;  subject  matter  only 


374  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§233 

in  the  broad  middle  column;  references  in  the  inner  column; 
next  to  the  folding  in  the  sheet.  On  the  back  of  the  page 
the  text  should  still  come  into  the  middle  column.  Addi 
tional  sheets  should  be  of  the  same  size  and  ruling,  and 
should  be  attached  by  mucilage  or  sewing,  not  by  fasteners  or 
pins.  Since  one  of  the  objects  of  the  exercise  is  to  teach 
conciseness,  the  length  of  the  report  should  be  kept  within 
limits. 

ARRANGEMENT.  The  matter  should  be  logically  arranged, 
point  by  point,  the  heads  indicated  by  catch-words  in  the 
date  column,  or  by  underlining.  Students  are  warned 
against  trying  to  write  theses  instead  of  brief  reports. 
Special  notice  will  be  taken  of  neatness  of  arrangement,  pre 
cision  of  the  references,  and  uniformity  of  abbreviations 
and  classification  in  different  parts  of  the  same  piece.  Where- 
ever  the  subject  admits  of  such  a  method,  students  should 
analyze  and  classify  their  results,  so  as  to  show  the  subor 
dination  of  the  topic  and  the  progress  of  the  thought.  On 
application  to  the  assistant  the  searcher  may  see  a  former 
report  on  a  similar  subject,  which  will  show  him  how  others 
have  done  their  work. 

THE  RETURN  OF  THE  REPORT.  Twenty  hours  of  faithful 
work  in  each  report  is  about  the  minimum;  if  no  satisfac 
tory  result  is  then  reached,  the  notes  may  be  shown  the 
assistant  and  his  approval  asked,  or  a  new  subject  tried. 
In  any  case  credit  cannot  be  given  for  reports  unless  handed 
in  to  the  assistant  on  the  day  appointed,  unless  they  bear 
the  stamp  of  the  Recorder  of  the  college. 

§  234.  Materials  for  Historical  and  Constitutional  Reports 
(Courses  A  and  B). 

AUTHORITIES.  Abundant  information  as  to  bibliog 
raphies  and  other  aids  may  be  found  in  other  parts  of  the 
Manual,  §§8,  11-24;  in  Channing  and  Hart,  Guide,  passim; 
and  in  The  American  Nation,  critical  essays,  at  the  end  of  each 


§  235]  BIOGRAPHICAL  375 

volume.  Students  will  also  be  held  responsible  for  such 
information  as  may  be  had  from  the  available  collection  in 
their  school  or  college  libraries;  in  neighboring  public  lib 
raries;  in  the  available  library  catalogues,  periodical  in 
dexes,  and  like  material;  but  the  results  must  be  based  on 
material  actually  seen,  except  in  the  Bibliographical  Reports 
(Manual,  §§231-237). 

§  235.  Special  Materials  for  Bibliographical  Library  Reports. 

OBJECT.  The  first  report  is  intended  to  teach  students 
how  to  find  books  and  articles,  how  to  cite  references,  and 
how  to  arrange  results. 

SCOPE.  To  each  student  is  assigned  some  person  con 
nected  with  the  history  of  the  United  States.  The  report 
is  to  be  a  list  of  the  printed  books,  pamphlets,  and  magazine 
articles  bearing  on  that  person,  with  a  very  brief  statement 
of  the  public  services  which  make  him  worthy  of  remem 
brance.  No  list  of  works  by  the  person  is  desired. 

AUTHORITIES.  Students  will  be  held  responsible  for  all 
titles  which  can  be  obtained  through  the  following  authori 
ties: 

(a)  The  bibliographical  aids  used  in  the  course,  especially 
Manual,  §§  17,  27,  28,  64;  Guide,  §§  16,  20,  25,  32,  33,  34. 

(6)  The  card  and  printed  catalogues  of  available  libraries. 

(c)  Encyclopaedias  and  biographical  dictionaries  available. 

(d)  Bibliographical  helps  and  library  catalogues,  includ 
ing  F.  Leypoldt,  American  Catalogue.  —  American  Nation, 
critical  essays  at  end  of  each  volume.  —  J.  Larned,  Litera 
ture  of  American  Hist. 

(e)  Indexes  to  periodicals,  especially  W.  F.  Poole,  Index 
to  Periodicals,  and  Supplements.  —  W.  I.  Fletcher,  A.L.A., 
Index.  —  L.  A.  Jones,  Index  to  Legal  Periodicals  (2  vols). 

(/)  Bibliographies  of  books  relating  to  the  person  under 
investigation,  in  biographies,  encyclopedias,  biographical 
dictionaries,  or  histories. 


376  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§  235 

(g)  Accounts  in  collections  of  biographies,  so  far  as  con 
veniently  accessible. 

(h)  Accounts  reached  through  the  footnotes  to  detailed 
biographies  or  histories. 

SELECTION.  Only  those  books  are  to  be  enumerated  in 
which  the  whole,  or  a  distinct  part,  —  as  a  chapter,  section 
or  article,  however  short,  —  is  devoted  to  the  person.  Thus, 
under  Washington,  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  enter  scattered 
references  from  books  primarily  on  the  Revolution,  or  on 
the  United  States,  or  on  Virginia;  but  titles  ought  to  be 
found  in  a  collection  of  Lives  of  the  Presidents,  or  of  Great 
American  Generals,  or  Essays  on  Members  of  the  Federal 
Convention.  Hence  it  is  necessary  to  know  what  public 
station  the  person  has  rilled.  Since,  however,  in  many 
cases  the  books,  articles,  and  sections  devoted  wholly  to 
one  man  are  very  few,  the  student  who  has  only  a  scanty 
list,  after  exhausting  the  bibliographical  aids  may  then 
add  extracts  from  general  histories  and  biographies,  not  less 
than  one  page  in  length,  wholly  given  up  to  the  man. 

METHODS.  The  most  convenient  method  is  to  go  through 
the  bibliographical  aids,  setting  down  each  promising  title 
on  a  slip  or  card,  and  keeping  them  arranged  alphabetically; 
then  to  arrange  in  some  logical  order  and  write  them  out 
consecutively.  Students  are  not  expected  to  call  for  a  long 
list  of  books  from  the  Library  simply  to  verify  titles. 

VERIFICATION.  Students  are  expected  to  verify  for 
themselves  the  titles  of  all  books  accessible  in  the  libra 
ries,  and  to  insert  the  library  number  of  all  books.  The 
precise  form  of  the  title  of  books,  if  published  before  1870, 
may  usually  be  found  for  authors  from  A  to  S  in  J.  Sab  in, 
Dictionary  of  Books  relating  to  America:  if  in  print  in  1876 
or  since  that  time,  in  F.  Leypoldt,  American  Catalogue  and 
J.  N.  Larned,  Literature  of  American  Hist. 

FORM  OF  REPORT.  Titles  should  be  arranged  in  each 
section  alphabetically  by  authors.  References  and  abbre- 


§236] 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


377 


viations  should  be  punctuated  systematically.  In  order 
that  the  title  be  sufficiently  full  to  identify  the  book,  the 
place  of  publication  and  date  should  always  be  given,  and 
the  number  of  pages  and  size  of  the  book,  where  those  par 
ticulars  are  found.  All  references  to  parts  of  books  must 
show  the  precise  volume  and  page. 

In  making  up  the  assignments  the  most  distinguished 
men  often  have  to  be  omitted,  because  experience  shows 
that  the  material  is  so  large  that  a  disproportionate  amount 
of  work  must  be  spent  upon  them.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
is  important  to  choose  persons  who  are  not  so  insignificant 
that  little  has  been  written  about  them. 

§  236.   Alphabetical  List  of  Public  Men. 

About  five  hundred  and  ten  names  appear  in  the  list  in 
this  section.  Of  these  most  were  famous  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  and  later  history  of  the  United  States;  a  few  in  the 
period  of  discovery  or  in  the  colonial  period.  After  each 
name  appears  the  person's  highest  office  or  most  character 
istic  calling. 


Lyman   Abbott    (Clergyman   and 

Author,  N.  Y.) 

Charles  Francis  Adams,  Sr.  (Dip 
lomat,  Mass.) 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  Jr.  (R.  R. 

Pres.,  Author,  Mass.) 
John  Adams  (Pres.,  Mass.) 
John  Quincy  Adams  (Pres.,  Mass.) 
Samuel  Adams  (Statesman,  Mass.) 
Nelson  W.  Aldrich  (Sen.,  R.  I.) 
Russell  A.  Alger  (Sec.  War,  Mich.) 
Ethan  Allen  (Soldier,  Vt.) 
William  B.  Allison  (Sen.,  Iowa) 
Adelbert  Ames  (Gov.,  Miss.) 
Fisher  Ames  (Repr.,  Mass.) 


Oliver  Ames  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Robert  Anderson  (Soldier,  Ky.) 
John  Andre  (Soldier,  England) 
John  A.  Andrew  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Edmund    Andros     (Royal    Gov., 

Mass.) 

H.  B.  Anthony  (Sen.,  R.  I.) 
Nathan      Appleton       (Merchant, 

Mass.) 
John  Armstrong  (Envoy  and  Sec. 

War,  N.  Y.) 

Benedict  Arnold  (Soldier,  N.  Y.) 
Chester  A.  Arthur  (Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
John  J.  Astor  (Merchant,  N.  Y.) 
Edward  Atkinson  (Critic,  Mass.) 
Stephen  Austin  (Colonist,  Texas) 


378 


LIBRARY  REPORTS 


[§  236 


B 

George  Bancroft  (Historian.  Mass.) 
N.  P.  Banks  (Speaker,  Mass.) 
James  Barbour  (Sec.  War,  Va.) 
Joel  Barlow  (Poet,  Conn.) 
Clara   Barton         (Philanthropist, 

Mass.) 

James  A.  Bayard  (Sen.,  Del.) 
Thomas    F.    Bayard    (Sec.    State 

Del.) 
Henry  Ward  Beecher  (Clergyman, 

N.  Y.) 

Alexander   Graham    Bell    (Inven 
tor,  Mass.) 

John  Bell  (Sen.,  Tenn.) 
Judah  P.  Benjamin  (Sen.,  La.) 
Thomas  H.  Benton  (Sen.,  Mo.) 
Nicholas     Biddle     (Pres.     U.     S. 

Bank,  Pa.) 
James  G.  Birney  (Philanthropist, 

Ala.) 
James  G.   Elaine   (Speaker,   Sen., 

Sec.  State,  Me.) 
Francis  P.  Blair  (Soldier,  Mo.) 
Montgomery    Blair   (P.   M.   Gen., 

Mo.) 

Richard  P.  Bland  (Repr.,  Mo.) 
Charles  J.  Bonaparte  (Atty-Gen., 

Md.) 

Daniel  Boone  (Pioneer,  Ky.) 
George  S.  Bout  well  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Linn  Boyd  (Speaker,  Ky.) 
William     Bradford     (Gov.,     Ply 
mouth,  Mass.) 

John  Breckenridge  (Sen.,  Ky.) 
John  C.  Breckinridge  (Sen.,  Vice- 

Pres.,  Ky.) 

John  Bright  (Statesman,  England) 
Benjamin  N.  Bristow  (Sec.  Treas., 

Ky.) 

David  C.  Broderick  (Sen.,  Cal.) 
Phillips  Brooks  (Clergyman, Mass.) 


Preston  S.  Brooks  (Repr.,  S.  C.) 
B.  Gratz  Brown  (Sen.,  Mo.) 
Jacob  Brown  (Soldier,  N.  Y.) 
John  Brown  (Abolitionist,  N.  Y.) 
Blanche  K.  Bruce  (Sen.,  Miss.) 
William    J.     Bryan     (Statesman, 

Neb.) 
William     Cullen     Bryant     (Poet, 

Editor,  N.  Y.) 

James  Buchanan  (Pres.,  Pa.) 
Simon  B.  Buckner  (Soldier,  Ky.) 
Anson  Burlingame  (Repr.,  Diplo 
mat,  Mass.) 

A.  E.  Burnside  (Soldier,  R.  I.) 
Aaron  Burr  (Vice-Pres.,  N.  Y.) 

B.  F.  Butler  (Repr.,  Soldier,  Gov., 

Mass.) 

B.  F.  Butler  (Atty-Gen'l,  N.  Y.) 
Pierce  Butler  (Sen.,  S.  C.) 


George  Cabot  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
John      Cabot     (Navigator,    Eng 
land) 
Sebastian       Cabot       (Navigator, 

England) 

John  C.  Calhoun  (Sen.,  S.  C.) 
Simon  Cameron  (Sen.,  Pa.) 
George  W.  Campbell  (Sen.,  Tenn.) 
James    Campbell    (P.    M.    Gen'l, 

Pa.) 

John  G.  Carlisle  (Sec.  Treas.,  Ky.) 
Andrew    Carnegie     (Manuf.     and 

Author,  Pa.) 

Charles  Carroll  (Signer,  Md.) 
Lewis  Cass  (Statesman,  Mich.) 
William  E.  Chandler  (Sen.,  N.  H.) 
Zachariah  Chandler  (Sen.,  Mich.) 
William  Ellery  Channing  (Clergy 
man,  R.  I.) 

Salmon    P.    Chase     (Sen.,    Gov., 
Sec.  Treas.,  Chief  Justice,  Ohio) 


§236] 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


379 


Samuel  Chase  (Judge,  Md.) 
Langdon  Cheves  (Speaker,  S.  C.) 
L.  E.Chittenden(Reg.Treas.,N.Y.) 
Joseph     H.     Choate     (Diplomat, 

N.  Y.) 

Rufus  Choate  (Jurist,  Mass.) 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne  (Gov.,  La.) 
George   Rogers   Clark    (Explorer, 

Va.) 

Cassius  M.  Clay  (Diplomat,  Ky.) 
Clement  C.  Clay  (Sen.,  Ala.) 
Henry  Clay  (Sen.,  Sec.  State,  Ky.) 
John  M.  Clayton  (Sec.  State,  Del.) 
Grover  Cleveland  (Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
DeWitt  Clinton  (Sen.,  Gov.,  N.  Y.) 
George  Clinton  (Vice-Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
Howell  Cobb  (Sec.  Treas.,  Ga.) 
William  F.  Cody  (Scout,  Iowa) 
Cadwallader  Colden  (Gov.,  N.  Y.) 
Bird  S.  Coler  (Comptroller,  N.  Y.) 
Schuyler  Coif  ax  (Vice-Pres.,  Ind.) 
Christopher    Columbus     (Discov 
erer,  Spain) 

E.  H.  Conger  (Diplomat,  Iowa) 
Roscoe  Conkling  (Sen.,  N.  Y.) 
James  Fenimore  Cooper  (Author, 

N.  Y.) 

Peter  Cooper  (Merchant  and  Phil 
anthropist,  N.  Y.) 
George  B.  Cortelyou  (Sec.  Treas., 

N.  Y.) 

ThomasCorwin  (Repr.,Dipl.,Ohio) 
Jacob  D.  Cox  (Sec.  Int.,  Ohio) 
S.  S.  Cox  (Repr.,  N.  Y.) 
Matthew    Cradock     (First    Gov., 

Mass.  Bay  Co.) 

Prudence    Crandall     (Philanthro 
pist,  Conn.) 
George  W.  Crawford   (Sec.  War, 

Ga.) 

William  H.  Crawford  (Sec.  Treas., 
Ga.) 


Charles  F.  Crisp  (Speaker,  Ga.) 
John  J.  Crittenden  (Sen.,  Ky.) 
Thomas  L.  Crittenden  (Soldier, 

Ky.) 

Richard  Croker  (Politician,  N.  Y.) 
Andrew  G.  Curtin  (Gov.,  Pa.) 
Caleb  Gushing  (Diplomat,  Mass.) 
George  A.  Custer  (Soldier,  Ohio) 
Manasseh  Cutler  (Clergyman  and 

Pioneer,  Conn.) 

D 

Alexander  J.  Dallas  (Sec.  Treas., 

Pa.) 

George  M.  Dallas  (Vice-Pres.,  Pa.) 
R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.  (Author,  Mass.) 
Cushman  K.  Davis  (Sen.,  Minn.) 
Jefferson  Davis   (Pres.,  C.  S.  A., 

Miss.) 

John  Davis  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
John  W.  Davis  (Speaker,  Ind.) 
William  R.  Day  (Sec.  State,  Ohio) 
Jonathan  Dayton  (Speaker,  N.  J.) 
W.  L.  Dayton  (Sen.,  N.  J.) 
Silas  Deane  (Diplomat,  Conn.) 
Henry  Dearbon  (Sec.  War,  Mass.) 
William  Dennison  (Gov.,  Ohio) 
Chauncey  M.  Depew  (Sen.,  N.  Y.) 
George  Dewey  (Admiral,  Vt.) 
Samuel  Dexter  (Sec.  War,  Mass.) 
John  Dickinson  (Statesman,  Del.) 
Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.  (Repr.,  Me.) 
Dorothea     Dix      (Philanthropist, 

Mass.) 

John  A.  Dix  (Soldier,  N.  Y.) 
Thomas  W.  Dorr  (Gov.,  R.  I.) 
Fred  Douglass  (Agitator,  Md.) 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  (Sen.,  111.) 
Neal  Dow  (Prohibitionist,  Me.) 
Sir  Francis  Drake  (Navigator, 

England) 
William  J.  Duane  (Sec. Treas.,  Pa.) 


380 


LIBRARY  REPORTS 


236 


Joseph  Dudley  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
William    Dummer    (Lieut.    Gov., 

Mass.) 
Timothy       Dwight        (Educator, 

Conn.) 

E 

John  H.  Eaton  (Sec.  War,  Tenn.) 
George  F.  Edmunds  (Sen.,  Vt.) 
Jonathan    Edwards    (Clergyman, 

Mass.) 
Charles  W.  Eliot   (College  Pres., 

Mass.) 
Stephen    B.    Elkins    (Sec.    War, 

West  Va.) 

William  Ellery  (Statesman,  R.  I.) 
Oliver  Ellsworth  (Sen.,  Chief  Jus 
tice,  Conn.) 
Ralph     Waldo     Emerson     (Seer, 

Mass.) 

John  Endicott  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
W.  H.  English  (Statesman,  Ind.) 
John  W.  Eppes  (Sen.,  Va.) 
John  Ericsson  (Inventor,  N.  Y.) 
George  Eustis  (Jurist,  La.) 
Robley  D.  Evans  (Admiral,  Va.) 
William    M.    Evarts    (Sec.  State, 

N.  Y.) 

Edward  Everett  (Orator,  Mass.) 
Thomas  Ewing  (Sec.  Treas.,  Ohio) 


Lucius    Fairchild     (Gov.,    Diplo 
mat,  Wis.) 
David     G.     Farragut     (Admiral, 

Tenn.) 

Reuben  E.  Fenton  (Sen.,  N.  Y.) 
William  P.  Fessenden  (Sec.  Treas., 

Me.) 

Cyrus  W.  Field  (Capitalist,  N.  Y.) 
Millard  Fillmore  (Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
Hamilton  Fish  (Sec.  State,  N.  Y.) 


John  Fiske  (Author,  Mass.) 
John  B.  Floyd  (Sec.  War,  Va.) 
Charles    J.    Folger    (Sec.    Treas., 

N.  Y.) 

Joseph  B.  Foraker  (Sen.,  Ohio) 
John  Forsyth  (Sec.  State,  Ga.) 
Benjamin  Franklin  (Allrounder, 

Pa.) 

John  C.  Fremont  (Soldier,  Cal.) 
Philip  Freneau  (Poet,  N.  Y.) 
William  P.  Frye  (Sen.,  Me.) 
Robert  Fulton  (Inventor,  Pa.) 
Melville  W.  Fuller  (Chief  Justice, 

111.) 

G 

Albert  Gallatin  (Sec.  Treas.,  Pa.) 
James  A.  Garfield  (Pres.,  Ohio) 
James  R.  Garfield  (Sec.  Interior, 

Ohio) 

William  Lloyd  Garrison   (Philan 
thropist,  Mass.) 
Henry  George  (Author,  N.  Y.) 
Elbridge  Gerry  (Vice-Pres.,  Mass.) 
Joshua  R.  Giddings  (Repr.,  Ohio) 
Stephen    Girard    (Philanthropist, 

Pa.) 

Arthur  P.  Gorman  (Sen.,  Md.) 
Joseph  Graham  (Soldier,  N.  C.) 
William  A.  Graham  (Sen.,  N.  C.) 
Gideon    Granger     (P.    M.    Gen., 

N.  Y.) 

U.  S.  Grant  (Pres.,  111.) 
Horace    Greeley    (Journalist    and 

Author,  N.  Y.) 
A.   W.   Greely    (Arctic   Explorer, 

Mass.) 

Nathanael  Greene  (Soldier,  R.  I.) 
David  McM.  Gregg  (Soldier,  Pa.) 
W.  Q.  Gresham  (Sec.  State,  Ind.) 
Robert  C.  Grier  (Judge,  Pa.) 
Felix  Grundy  (Sen.,  Tenn.) 


236] 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


381 


H 

John  P.  Hale  (Sen.,  N.  H.) 
Nathan  Hale  (Soldier,  Conn.) 
Alexander  Hamilton  (Sec.  Treas., 

N.  Y.) 
Hannibal      Hamlin      (Vice-Pres., 

Me.) 
Wade     Hampton      (Gov.,     Sen., 

S.  C.) 

John  Hancock  (Statesman,  Mass.) 
W.  S.  Hancock  (Soldier,  N.  Y.) 
Marcus  A.  Hanna  (Sen.,  Ohio) 
Robert  G.  Harper  (Sen.,  Md.) 
Benjamin  Harrison  (Pres.,  Ind.) 
William     H.      Harrison      (Pres., 

Ind.) 
Sir    John    Hawkins    (Navigator, 

England) 

John  Hay  (Diplomat,  Ind.) 
R.  B.  Hayes  (Pres.,  Ohio) 
Robert  Y.  Hayne  (Sen.,  S.  C.) 
Thomas  P.  Hendricks  (Vice-Pres., 

Ind.) 

Patrick  Henry  (Statesman,  Va.) 
Richard       Hildreth       (Historian, 

Mass.) 

David  B.  Hill  (Sen,  N.  Y.) 
Isaac  Hill  (Politician,  N.  H.) 
Ethan  A.  Hitchcock  (Sec.  Interior, 

Mo.) 

George  F.  Hoar  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
O.  W.  Holmes  (Author,  Mass.) 
Joseph  Hooker  (Soldier,  Mass.) 
Stephen  Hopkins  (Signer,  R.  I.) 
Francis       Hopkinson       (Author, 

Pa.) 

Samuel  Houston  (Sen.,  Texas) 
Charles  E.  Hughes  (Gov,  N.  Y.) 
Isaac  Hull  (Naval  officer,  Conn.) 
William  Hull  (Soldier,  Conn.) 
Robert  M.  T.  Hunter  (Sen,  Va.) 
Thomas  Hutchinson  (Gov.,  Mass.) 


Jared  Ingersoll  (Statesman,  Pa.) 
Robert  G.  Ingersoll  (Orator  and 

Lawyer,  N.  Y.) 
Washington       Irving       (Author, 

N.  Y.) 


Andrew  Jackson  (Pres.,  Tenn.) 
Thomas  J.  Jackson  (Soldier,  Va.) 
John  Jay  (Chief  Justice,  N.  Y.) 
William       Jay       (Philanthropist, 

N.  Y.) 

Thomas  Jefferson  (Pres,  Va.) 
William     Travers     Jerome     (Re 
former,  N.  Y.) 

Andrew  Johnson  (Pres,  Tenn.) 
Herschel  V.  Johnson  (Sen,  Ga.) 
Reverdy  Johnson  (Sen,  Md.) 
Richard  M.  Johnson   (Vice-Pres, 

Ky.) 

Sir  William   Johnson    (Frontiers 
man,  N.  Y.) 
William     S.     Johnson     (Scholar, 

Conn.) 

Albert  S.  Johnston  (Soldier,  Ky.) 
Joseph     E.     Johnston     (Soldier, 

Va.) 
John  Paul  Jones   (Naval  officer, 

Va.) 
George  W.  Julian  (Repr,  Ind.) 


K 

John  Kelly  (Politician,  N.  Y.) 
Frances   Anne   Kemble    (Actress, 

Mass.) 

James  Kent  (Jurist,  N.  Y.) 
Michael  C.  Kerr  (Speaker,  Ind.) 
John  H.  King  (Soldier,  Mich.) 
Rufus  King  (Sen,  N.  Y.) 
Henry  Knox  (Sec.  War,  Mass.) 


382 


LIBRARY   REPORTS 


[§236 


Marquis    de    Lafayette    (Soldier, 

France) 

L.  Q.  C.  Lamar  (Sec.  Int.,  Miss.) 
James  Lane    (Leader  Free  State 

Party,  Kan.) 

Henry  Laurens  (Statesman,  S.  C.) 
Charles  Lee  (Soldier,  Va.) 
R.  H.  Lee  (Statesman,  Va.) 
Robert  E.  Lee  (Soldier,  Va.) 
Meriwether       Lewis       (Explorer, 

Tenn.) 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  (American,  111.) 
Benjamin  Lincoln  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Levi  Lincoln  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Robert    T.     Lincoln     (Diplomat, 

111.) 
Mary    A.     Livermore     (Agitator, 

Mass.) 
Edward   Livingston    (Sec.    State, 

N.  Y.) 
Robert  R.  Livingston  (Diplomat, 

N.  Y.) 

H.  C.  Lodge  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
John  A.  Logan  (Soldier,  111.) 
John  D.  Long  (Sec.  Navy,  Mass.) 
H.  W.  Longfellow  (Poet,  Mass.) 
James  Longstreet  (Soldier,  S.  C.) 
Seth  Low  (Mayor,  N.  Y.) 
J.  R.  Lowell  (Poet,  Envoy,  Mass.) 
Wilson  Lumpkin  (Sen.,  Ga.) 

M 

S.  C.  McCall  (Repr.,  Mass.) 

G.  B.  McClellan  (Soldier,  N.  J.) 

Hugh     McCulloch     (Sec.     Treas., 

Ind.) 

Thomas  Macdonough  (Naval  offi 
cer,  Del.) 

Irvin  McDowell  (Soldier,  Ohio) 
George  McDuffie  (Sen,  S.  C.) 
James  McHenry  (Sec.  War,  Md.) 


Thomas  McKean  (Statesman,  Pa.) 
William  McKinley  (Pres.,  Ohio) 
Louis  McLane  (Sec.  State,  Del.) 
Robert    M.    McLane    (Diplomat, 

Del.) 

John  McLean  (P.  M.  Gen.,  Ohio) 
William  H.  Macomb   (Naval  offi 
cer,  Mich.) 

Nathaniel  Macon  (Speaker,  N.  C.) 
James    B.     McPherson     (Soldier, 

Ohio) 

James  Madison  (Pres,  Va.) 
Willie  P.  Mangum  (Sen,  N.  C.) 
Horace  Mann  (Educator,  Mass.) 
Daniel     Manning     (Sec.     Treas, 

N.  Y.) 
William    L.    Marcy    (Sec.    State, 

N.  Y.) 

George  P.  Marsh  (Diplomat,  Vt.) 
John  Marshall  (Chief  Justice,  Va.) 
Luther  Martin  (Atty-Gen'l,  Md.) 
George  Mason  (Statesman,  Va.) 
James  M.  Mason  (Sen,  Va.) 
Jeremiah       Mason        (Financier, 

N.  H.) 
Cotton    Mather    (Clergyman    and 

Author,  Mass.) 
Increase  Mather  (Clergyman  and 

Author,  Mass.) 
Samuel     J.     May     (Abolitionist, 

N.  Y.) 

George  G.  Meade  (Soldier,  Pa.) 
Montgomery    C.    Meigs    (Soldier, 

Ohio) 
Return  J.  Meigs,  Jr.   (P.  M.  Gen, 

Ohio) 
Victor    H.   Metcalf    (Sec.    Navy, 

Cal.) 
George  vonL.  Meyer  (P.  M.  Gen., 

Mass.) 

Thomas  Mifflin  (Gov,  Pa.) 
Nelson  A.  Miles  (Soldier,  Mass.) 


§236] 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


383 


Roger  Q.  Mills  (Sen.,  Texas) 

O.    McK.    Mitchell    (Soldier    and 

Astronomer,  Ky.) 
James  Monroe  (Pres.,  Va.) 
William   H.   Moody  (Atty.  Gen., 

Mass.) 

Edwin  D.  Morgan  (Sen.,  N.  Y.) 
John  H.  Morgan  (Soldier,  Ky.) 
J.  Pierpont  Morgan  (Financier, 

N.  Y.) 

Justin  Morrill  (Sen.,  Vt.) 
Gouverneur    Morris     (Statesman, 

N.  Y.) 

Robert  Morris  (Financier,  Pa.) 
S.  F.  B.  Morse  (Inventor,  N.  Y.) 
Levi  P.  Morton  (Vice-Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
Oliver  P.  Morton  (Sen.,  Ind.) 
John  S.  Mosby  (Confederate  Sol 
dier,  Va.) 

Fred  A.  Muhlenberg  (Speaker,  Pa.) 
John   P.   G.   Muhlenberg    (Repr., 
Pa.) 

O 

James  Oglethorpe  (Philanthropist, 

Ga.) 

Richard  Olney  (Sec.  State,  Mass.) 
John     Boyle     O'Reilly     (Author, 

Mass.) 

James  L.  Orr  (Speaker,  S.  C.) 
Harrison  G.  Otis  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
James  Otis  (Statesman,  Mass.) 


Thomas  Paine  (Author,  Pa.) 
Charles     H.     Parkhurst     (Clergy 
man,  N.  Y.) 
Francis       Parkman       (Historian, 

Mass.) 

Theophilus  Parsons  (Jurist,  Mass.) 
William      Paterson     (Statesman, 
N.  J.) 


William  Penn  (Statesman,  Pa.) 
William     Pennington      (Speaker, 

N.  J.) 
Matthew  C.  Perry  (Naval  officer, 

R.I.) 
Oliver   H.    Perry    (Naval   officer, 

R.I.) 
James    L.     Petigru     (Statesman, 

S.  C.) 
Richard  F.  Pettigrew   (Sen.,    So. 

Dak.) 

E.  J.  Phelps  (Diplomat,  Vt.) 
Wendell  Phillips  (Orator,  Mass.) 
Sir  William  Phips  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Francis  W.  Pickens  (Sen.,  S.  C.) 
Timothy  Pickering  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
Franklin  Pierce  (Pres.,  N.  H.) 
Gideon  J.  Pillow  (Soldier,  Tenn.) 
John  S.  Pillsbury  (Gov.,  Minn.) 
Charles  Pinckney  (Sen.,  S.  C.) 
C.  C.  Pinckney  (Diplomat,  S.  C.) 
Thomas      Pinckney      (Diplomat, 

S.  C.) 

William  Pinkney  (Sen.,  Md.) 
Edgar  A.  Poe  (Author,  Va.) 
J.  R.  Poinsett  (Diplomat,  S.  C.) 
James  K.  Polk  (Pres.,  Tenn.) 
John  Pope  (Soldier,  111.) 
David  Porter  (Naval  officer,  Mass.) 
David  D.  Porter  (Admiral,  Pa.) 
James  M.  Porter  (Sec.  War,  Pa.) 
Edward  Preble  (Naval  officer,  Me.) 
Israel  Putnam  (Soldier,  Conn.) 
Rufus  Putnam  (Soldier,  Mass.) 

Q 

Matthew  Quay  (Sen.,  Pa.) 

Josiah  Quincy  (elder)  (Pres.  Har 
vard,  Mass.) 

Josiah  Quincy  (younger)  (Mayor, 
Boston,  Mass.) 

John  H.  Quitman  (Gov.,  Miss.) 


384 


LIBRARY   REPORTS 


[§236 


R 

Sir  Walter   Ralegh    (Navigator, 

England) 

Samuel  J.  Randall  (Speaker,  Pa.) 
Edmund   Randolph    (Sec.    State, 

Va.) 

John  Randolph  (Repr.,  Va.) 
Peyton  Randolph  (Statesman,  Va.) 
Robert  Rantoul  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
John  A.  Reagan  (Sen.,  Texas) 
Joseph  Reed  (Gov.,  Pa.) 
Thomas  B.  Reed  (Speaker,  Me.) 
Whitelaw   Reid    (Journalist    and 

Diplomat,  Ohio) 
Paul  Revere  (Patriot,  Mass.) 
A.  G.  Riddle  (Repr.,  Ohio) 
Charles  Robinson  (Gov.,  Kan.) 
John  Rodgers  (Naval  officer,  Md.) 
Caesar  Rodney  (Statesman,  Del.) 
Daniel  Rodney  (Jurist,  Del.) 
Theodore  Roosevelt  (Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
Elihu  Root  (Sec.  State,  N.  Y.) 
William    S.    Rosecrans     (Soldier, 

Ohio) 

Benjamin  Rush  (Statesman,  Pa.) 
William  E.  Russell  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Edward  Rutledge  (Gov.,  S.  C.) 
John  Rutledge  (Statesman,  S.  C.) 

S 

Arthur  St.  Clair  (Soldier,  Pa.) 
Gurdon  Saltonstall  (Gov.,  Conn.) 
William    T.    Sampson    (Admiral, 

N.  Y.) 
Minot     J.     Savage     (Clergyman, 

N.  Y.) 
Alexander      Scammell      (Soldier, 

N.  H.) 

W.  S.  Schley  (Admiral,  Md.) 
Carl  Schurz  (Sec.  Int.,  N.  Y.) 
Philip  Schuyler  (Soldier,  N.  Y.) 
Dred  Scott  (Slave,  Mo.) 


Winfield  Scott  (Soldier,  Va.) 
Theodore  Sedgwick  (Sen.,  Mass.) 
Samuel  Sewall  (Judge,  Mass.) 
William  H.  Seward   (Sec.   State, 

N.  Y.) 

Horatio  Seymour  (Gov.,  N.  Y.) 
Leslie  M.  Shaw  (Sec.  Treas.,  Iowa. 
Robert  G.  Shaw  (Soldier,  Mass.) 
Daniel  Shays  (Soldier,  Mass.) 
P.  H.  Sheridan  (Soldier,  Ohio) 
John  Sherman  (Sec.  State,  Ohio) 
Roger  Sherman  (Sen.,  Conn.) 
W.  T.  Sherman  (Soldier,  Ohio) 
John  Slidell  (Sen.,  La.) 
Gerritt     Smith      (Philanthropist, 

N.  Y.) 

Joseph  Smith  (Mormon,  Mo.) 
Robert  Smith  (Sec.  State,  Md.) 
Jared  Sparks  (Historian,  Mass.) 
John  C.  Spencer  (Sec.  War,  N.  Y.) 
J.  C.  Spooner  (Sen.,  Wis.) 
Leland  Stanford  (Capitalist,  Cal.) 
Edwin    M.    Stanton    (Sec.    War, 

Pa.) 
Alexander    H.     Stephens     (Vice- 

Pres.,  C.  S.  A.,  Ga.) 
Thaddeus  Stevens  (Repr.,  Pa.) 
Adlai   E.    Stevenson    (Vice-Pres.r 

111.) 

Andrew  Stevenson  (Diplomat. Va.) 
Charles    Stewart    (Naval    officer, 

N.  J.) 
Richard  Stockton   (Statesman. 

N.  J.) 

Robert  F.  Stockton  (Naval  offi 
cer,  N.  J.) 

Joseph  Story  (Jurist,  Mass.) 
Oscar  S.  Straus   (Sec.  Commerce, 

N.  Y.) 

Caleb  Strong  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
James  Sullivan  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Charles  Sumner  (Sen.,  Mass.) 


236] 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


385 


William    H.  Taft   (Sec.  of  War, 

Ohio) 
Roger   B.   Taney    (Chief  Justice, 

Md.) 
Hannis    Taylor     (Diplomat    and 

Author,  Ala.) 

John  W.  Taylor  (Speaker,  N.  Y.) 
Zachary  Taylor  (Pres.,  Va.) 
George  H.  Thomas  (Soldier,  Va.) 
Allan  G.  Thurman  (Sen.,  Ohio) 
Samuel  J.  Tilden  (Gov.,  N.  Y.) 
Benjamin  R.  Tillman  (Sen.,  S.C.) 
Daniel      Tompkins      (Vice-Pres., 

N.  Y.) 

Robert  Toombs  (Sen.,  Ga.) 
Benjamin  F.  Tracy   (Sec.  Navy, 

N.  Y.) 

George  Troup  (Gov.,  Ga.) 
Jonathan  Trumbull  (Gov.,  Conn.) 
James  Turner  (Sen.,  N.  C.) 
William    M.    Tweed    (Politician, 

N.  Y.) 
John  Tyler  (Pres.,  Va.) 

U 

Abel  P.  Upshur  (Sec.  State,  Va.) 


Clement  C.  Vallandigham  (Repr., 

Ohio) 

Martin  Van  Buren  (Pres.,  N.  Y.) 
Stephen  Van  Rensselaer   (Repr., 

N.  Y.) 
Joseph     B.     Varnum     (Speaker, 

Mass.) 

W 

Benjamin  F.  Wade  (Sen.,  Ohio) 
James    S.    Wads  worth     (Soldier, 

N.  Y.) 


Morrison  R.  Waite  (Chief  Justice, 

Ohio) 
Robert   J.   Walker    (Sec.   Treas., 

Miss.) 
John    Wanamaker    (P.  M.  Gen., 

Pa.) 
Gouverneur  K.  Warren   (Soldier, 

N.  Y.) 

Joseph  Warren  (Soldier,  Mass.) 
E.  B.  Washburn  (Diplomat,  111.) 
Cadwallader  C.  Washburne  (Gov., 

Wis.) 

Booker     T.     Washington     (Edu 
cator,  Ala.) 

Bushrod  Washington  (Judge,  Va.) 
George  Washington  (Pres.,  Va.) 
Daniel     Webster      (Sec.      State, 

Mass.) 

Thurlow  Weed  (Journalist,  N.  Y.) 
John  Wentworth  (Rep.,  111.) 
Henry  Wheaton,  (Jurist,  R.  I.) 
Joseph  Wheeler  (Soldier,  Ala.) 
Andrew     D.     White     (Diplomat, 

N.  Y.) 

Hugh  L.  White  (Sen.,  Tenn.) 
John  White  (Speaker,  Ky.) 
Eli  Whitney  (Inventor,  Conn.) 
John  G.  Whittier  (Poet,  Mass.) 
William  Wilkins  (Sen.,  Pa.) 
James  Wilkinson  (Soldier,  Md.) 
John    Sharp   Williams    (Senator, 

Miss.) 

Roger  Williams  (Clergyman,  R.  I.) 
Hugh  Williamson  (Repr.,  N.  C.) 
David  Wilmot  (Repr.,  Pa.) 
Henry  Wilson  (Vice-Pres.,  Mass.) 
James  Wilson  (Judge,  Pa.) 
Fitz  John  Winthrop  (Gov.,  Conn.) 
John  Winthrop  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Robert    C.    Winthrop    (Speaker, 

Mass.) 
Henry  A.  Wise  (Gov.,  Va.) 


386 


LIBRARY  REPORTS 


[§236 


Oliver  Wolcott  (Soldier  and  Judge, 

Conn.) 

Roger  Wolcott  (Gov.,  Mass.) 
Leonard  Wood  (Soldier  and  Gov. 

Cuba,  Mass.) 
Lcvi  Woodbury  (Sen.,  N.  H.) 


Elizur    Wright     (Journalist    and 

Abolitionist,  Mass.) 
Silas  Wright  (Sen.,  N.  Y.) 


Brigham  Young  (Mormon,  Utah) 


§  237.  List  of  Public  Men  arranged  by  States  and  Countries. 

ALABAMA.  —  James  G.  Birney;  Clement  C.  Clay;  Hannis 
Taylor;  Booker  T.  Washington;  Joseph  Wheeler. 

CALIFORNIA.  —  David  C.  Broderick;  John  C.  Fre*mont; 
Victor  Metcalf;  Lelarid  Stanford. 

CONNECTICUT.  —  Joel  Barlow;  Prudence  Crandall;  Manas- 
seh  Cutler;  Silas  Deane;  Timothy  Dwight;  Oliver  Ellsworth; 
Nathan  Hale;  Isaac  Hull;  William  Hull;  William  S.  Johnson; 
Israel  Putnam;  Rufus  Putnam;  Gurdon  Saltonstall;  Roger 
Sherman;  Jonathan  Trumbull;  Eli  Whitney;  Fitz  John  Win- 
throp;  Oliver  Wolcott. 

DELAWARE.  —  James  A.  Bayard;  Thomas  F.  Bayard;  John 
M.  Clayton;  John  Dickinson;  George  Gray;  Thomas  Mac- 
donough;  Louis  McLane;  Robert  M.  McLane;  Caesar  Rodney; 
Daniel  Rodney. 

GEORGIA.  —  Howell  Cobb;  George  W.  Crawford;  William 
H.  Crawford;  Charles  F.  Crisp;  John  Forsyth;  Herschel  V. 
Johnson;  Wilson  Lumpkin;  James  Oglethorpe;  Alexander  H. 
Stephens;  Robert  Toombs;  George  Troup. 

ILLINOIS.  —  Stephen  A.  Douglas;  U.  S.  Grant;  Abraham 
Lincoln;  Robert  T.  Lincoln;  John  A.  Logan;  John  Pope: 
Adlai  E.  Stevenson;  Lyman  Trumbull;  E.  B.  Washburn; 
John  Went  worth. 

INDIANA.  —  Schuyler  Coif  ax;  John  W.  Davis;  W.  H. 
English;  Charles  W.  Fairbanks;  W.  Q.  Gresham;  Benjamin 
Harrison;  W.  H.  Harrison;  John  Hay;  Thomas  P.  Hen- 
dricks;  George  W.  Julian;  Michael  C.  Kerr;  Hugh  McCulloch; 
Oliver  P.  Morton. 

IOWA.  _  William  B.  Allison;  William  F.  Cody;  E.  H. 
Conger;  Leslie  M.  Shaw. 


§  237]  BIOGRAPHICAL  387 

KANSAS.  —  James  Lane;  Charles  Robinson. 

KENTUCKY.  —  Robert  Anderson;  Daniel  Boone;  Linn 
Boyd;  John  Breckenridge;  John  C.  Breckenridge ;  Benjamin 
N.  Bristow;  S.  B.  Buckner;  John  G.  Carlisle;  Cassius  M. 
Clay;  Henry  Clay;  J.  J.  Crittenden;  Thomas  L.  Crittenden; 
Richard  M.  Johnson;  Albert  Sidney  Johnston;  0.  McK. 
Mitchell;  John  H.  Morgan;  John  White. 

LOUISIANA.  —  Judah  P.  Benjamin;  William  C.  C.  Clai- 
borne;  George  Eustis;  John  Slidell. 

MAINE.  —  James  G.  Blaine;  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.;  Neal  Dow; 
William  P.  Fessenden;  William  P.  Frye;  Hannibal  Hamlin; 
Edward  Preble;  Thomas  B.  Reed. 

MARYLAND.  —  Charles  J.  Bonaparte;  Charles  Carroll; 
Samuel  Chase;  Fred  Douglass;  Arthur  P.  Gorman;  Robert 
G.  Harper;  Reverdy  Johnson;  James  McHenry;  Luther 
Martin;  William  Pinkney;  John  Rodgers;  Winfield  S.  Schley; 
Robert  Smith;  Roger  B.  Taney;  James  Wilkinson. 

MASSACHUSETTS.  —  Charles  Francis  Adams,  Sr. ;  Charles 
Francis  Adams,  Jr.;  John  Adams;  John  Quincy  Adams;  Sam 
uel  Adams;  Fisher  Ames;  Oliver  Ames;  John  A.  Andrew; 
Edmond  Andros;  Nathan  Appleton;  Edward  Atkinson; 
George  Bancroft;  Nathaniel  P.  Banks;  Clara  Barton;  A.  G. 
Bell;  George  S.  Boutwell;  William  Bradford;  Phillips  Brooks; 
Anson  Burlingame;  Benjamin  F.  Butler;  George  Cabot;  Rufus 
Choate;  Matthew  Cradock;  Caleb  Gushing;  R.  H.  Dana,  Jr.; 
John  Davis;  Henry  Dearborn;  Samuel  Dexter;  Dorothea 
Dix;  Joseph  Dudley;  William  Dummer;  Jonathan  Edwards; 
Charles  W.  Eliot;  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson;  John  Endicott; 
Edward  Everett;  John  Fiske;  William  Lloyd  Garrison; 
Elbridge  Gerry;  A.  W.  Greely;  John  Hancock;  Richard 
Hildreth;  George  F.  Hoar;  0.  W.  Holmes;  Joseph  Hooker; 
Thomas  Hutchinson;  Frances  Anne  Kemble;  Henry  Knox; 
Benjamin  Lincoln;  Levi  Lincoln;  Mary  A.  Livermore;  Henry 
Cabot  Lodge;  John  D.  Long;  H.  W.  Longfellow;  James  R. 
Lowell;  S.  C.  McCall;  Horace  Mann;  Cotton  Mather;  Increase 


388  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§237 

Mather;  George  von  L.  Meyer;  Nelson  A.  Miles;  William  HL 
Moody;  Richard  Olney;  John  Boyle  O'Reilly;  Harrison  Gray 
Otis;  James  Otis;  Francis  Parkman;  Theophilus  Parsons; 
Wendell  Phillips;  Sir  William  Phips;  Timothy  Pickering; 
David  Porter ;  Josiah  Quincy  (elder)  ;  Josiah  Quincy 
(younger);  Robert  Rantoul;  Paul  Revere;  William  E.  Rus 
sell;  Theodore  Sedgwick;  Samuel  Sewall;  Robert  G.  Shaw; 
Daniel  Shays;  Jared  Sparks;  Joseph  Story;  Caleb  Strong; 
James  Sullivan;  Charles  Sumner;  Joseph  B.  Varnum;  Joseph 
Warren;  Daniel  Webster;  John  G.  Whittier;  Henry  Wilson; 
John  Winthrop;  Robert  C.  Winthrop;  Roger  Wolcott; 
Leonard  Wood;  Elizur  Wright. 

MICHIGAN.  —  Russell  A.  Alger;  Lewis  Cass;  Zachariah 
Chandler;  John  H.  King;  William  H.  Macomb. 

MINNESOTA.  —  Cushman  K.  Davis;  John  A.  Johnson; 
John  S.  Pillsbury. 

MISSISSIPPI.  —  Adelbert  Ames;  Blanche  K.  Bruce;  Jeffer 
son  Davis;  L.  Q.  C.  Lamar;  John  H.  Quit  man;  Robert  J. 
Walker;  John  Sharp  Williams. 

MISSOURI.  —  Thomas  H.  Benton;  Francis  P.  Blair;  Mont 
gomery  Blair;  Richard  P.  Bland;  B.  Gratz  Brown;  Joseph 
W.  Folk;  Ethan  A.  Hitchcock;  Dred  Scott;  Joseph  Smith. 

NEBRASKA.  —  William  J.  Bryan. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  —  William  E.  Chandler;  John  P.  Hale; 
Isaac  Hill;  Jeremiah  Mason;  Franklin  Pierce;  Alexander 
Scammel;  Levi  Woodbury. 

NEW  JERSEY.  —  Jonahan  Dayton;  William  L.  Dayton; 
George  B.  McClellan;  William  Patterson;  William  Penning- 
ton;  Charles  Stewart;  Richard  Stockton. 

NEW  YORK.  —  Lyman  Abbott;  John  Armstrong;  Benedict 
Arnold;  Chester  A.  Arthur;  John  J.  Astor;  Henry  Ward 
Beecher;  Jacob  Brown;  John  Brown;  Aaron  Burr;  Benjamin 
F.  Butler;  L.  E.  Chittenden;  Joseph  H.  Choate;  Grover  Cleve 
land;  DeWitt  Clinton;  George  Clinton;  Cadwallader  Golden; 
Bird  S.  Coler;  Roscoe  Conkling;  James  Fenimore  Cooper; 


§237]  BIOGRAPHICAL  389 

Peter  Cooper;  George  B.  Cortelyou;  S.  S.  Cox;  Richard 
Croker;  Chauncey  M.  Depew;  John  A.  Dix;  John  Ericsson; 
William  M.  Evarts;  Reuben  E.  Fenton;  Cyrus  W.  Field; 
Millard  Fillmore;  Hamilton  Fish;  Charles  J.  Folger;  Philip 
Freneau;  Henry  George;  Gideon  Granger;  Horace  Greeley; 
Alexander  Hamilton;  Winfield  S.  Hancock;  David  B.  Hill; 
Charles  E.  Hughes;  Robert  G.  Ingersoll;  Washington  Irving; 
John  Jay;  William  Jay;  William  Travers  Jerome;  Sir  William 
Johnson;  John  Kelly;  James  Kent;  Rufus  King;  Edward 
Livingston;  Robert  R.  Livingston;  Seth  Low;  Daniel  Man 
ning;  William  L.  Marcy;  Samuel  J.  May;  Edwin  D.  Morgan; 
John  Pierpont  Morgan;  Gouverneur  Morris;  Samuel  F.  B. 
Morse;  Levi  P.  Morton;  Charles  H.  Parkhurst;  Thomas  C. 
Platt;  Theodore  Roosevelt;  Elihu  Root;  William  T.  Samp 
son;  Carl  Schurz;  Philip  Schuyler;  William  H.  Seward; 
Horatio  Seymour;  Gerritt  Smith;  John  C.  Spencer;  Oscar 
S.  Straus;  John  W.  Taylor;  Samuel  J.  Tilden;  Daniel 
Tompkins;  Benjamin  F.  Tracy;  William  M.  Tweed;  Martin 
Van  Buren;  Stephen  Van  Rensselaer;  James  S.  Wadsworth; 
Gouverneur  K.  Warren;  Thurlow  Weed;  Andrew  D.  White; 
Charles  Wilkes;  Silas  Wright. 

NORTH  CAROLINA.  —  Joseph  Graham;  William  A.  Graham: 
Nathaniel  Macon;  Willie  P.  Mangum;  James  Turner;  Hugh 
Williamson. 

OHIO. — -Salmon  P.  Chase;  Thomas  Corwin;  Jacob  D. 
Cox;  George  A.  Custer;  William  R.  Day;  William  Dennison; 
Thomas  Ewing;  Joseph  B.  Foraker;  James  A.  Garfield; 
James  R.  Garfield;  Joshua  R.  Giddings;  Marcus  A.  Hanna; 
R.  B.  Hayes;  Irvin  McDowell:  William  McKinley;  John 
McLean;  James  B.  McPherson;  Montgomery  C.  Meigs; 
Return  J.  Meigs,  Jr.;  A.  G.  Riddle;  William  S.  Rosecrans; 
Philip  H.  Sheridan;  John  Sherman;  William  T.  Sherman; 
William  H.  Taft;  Allan  G.  Thurman;  Clement  C.  Vallandig- 
ham;  Benjamin  F.  Wade;  Morrison  R.  Waite. 

PENNSYLVANIA.  —  Nicholas  Biddle;  James  Buchanan; 
Simon  Cameron;  James  Campbell;  Andrew  Carnegie;  Andrew 


390  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§237 

G.  Curtin;  Alexander  J.  Dallas;  George  M.  Dallas;  William  J. 
Duane;  Benjamin  Franklin;  Robert  Fulton;  Albert  Gallatin; 
Stephen  Girard;  Andrew  Gregg;  David  McM.  Gregg;  Rob 
ert  C.  Grier;  Francis  Hopkinson;  Tared  Ingersoll;  Thomas 
McKean;  George  G.  Meade;  Thomas  Mifflin;  Robert  Morris; 
Frederick  A.  Muhlenberg;  John  P.  G.  Muhlenberg;  Thomas 
Paine;  William  Penn;  David  D.  Porter;  James  M.  Porter; 
Matthew  Quay;  Samuel  J.  Randall;  Joseph  Reed;  Benjamin 
Rush;  Arthur  St.  Clair;  Edwin  M.  Stanton;  Thaddeus  Stev 
ens;  John  Wanamaker;  William  Wilkins;  David  Wilmot; 
James  Wilson. 

RHODE  ISLAND.  —  Nelson  W.  Aldrich;  H.  B.  Anthony;  A. 
E.  Burnside;  William  Ellery  Channing;  Thomas  W.  Dorr; 
William  Ellery;  Nathanael  Greene;  Stephen  Hopkins;  Mat 
thew  C.  Perry;  Oliver  H.  Perry;  Henry  Wheaton;  'Roger 
Williams. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA.  —  Preston  S.  Brooks;  Pierce  Butler; 
John  C.  Calhoun;  Langdon  Cheves;  Wade  Hampton;  Robert 
Y.  Hayne;  Henry  Laurens;  Richard  Henry  Lee;  James  Long- 
street;  George  McDuffie;  James  L.  Orr;  James  L.  Petigru; 
Francis  W.  Pickens;  Charles  Pinckney;  C.  C.  Pinckney; 
Thomas  Pinckney;  J.  S.  Poinsett;  Edward  Rutledge;  John 
Rutledge;  Benjamin  R.  Tillman. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA.  —  Richard  F.  Pettigrew. 

TENNESSEE.  —  John  Bell;  George  W.  Campbell;  John  H. 
Eaton;  David  G.  Farragut;  Felix  Grundy;  Andrew  Jackson; 
Andrew  Johnson;  Meri wether  Lewis;  Gideon  J.  Pillow; 
James  K.  Polk;  Hugh  L.  White. 

TEXAS.  —  Stephen  Austin;  Samuel  Houston;  Roger  Q. 
Mills;  John  A.  Reagan. 

UTAH.  —  Brigham  Young. 

VERMONT.  —  Ethan  Allen;  George  Dewey;  George  F.  Ed 
munds;  George  P.  Marsh;  Justin  Morrill;  E.  J.  Phelps. 

VIRGINIA.  —  James  Barbour;  George  Rogers  Clark;  John 
W.  Eppes;  Robley  D.  Evans;  John  B.  Floyd;  Patrick  Henry; 


§  238]  BIOGRAPHICAL  391 

David  Hunter;  Robert  M.  T.  Hunter;  Thomas  J.  Jackson; 
Thomas  Jefferson;  John  Paul  Jones;  Charles  Lee;  Richard 
Henry  Lee;  Robert  E.  Lee;  James  Madison;  John  Marshall; 
George  Mason;  James  M.  Mason;  James  Monroe;  John  S. 
Mosby;  Edgar  A.  Poe;  Edmund  Randolph;  John  Randolph; 
Peyton  Randolph;  Winfield  Scott;  Andrew  Stevenson;  Zach- 
ary  Taylor;  George  H.  Thomas;  John  Tyler;  Abel  P.  Upshur; 
Bushrod  Washington;  George  Washington;  Henry  A.  Wise. 

WEST  VIRGINIA.  —  Stephen  B.  Elkins. 

WISCONSIN.  —  Lucius  Fairchild;  J.  C.  Spooner;  Cadwal- 
lader  C.  Washburne. 

ENGLAND.  —  John  Andre;  John  Bright;  John  Cabot;  Sebas 
tian  Cabot;  Sir  Francis  Drake;  Sir  John  Hawkins;  Sir  Walter 
Ralegh. 

FRANCE.  —  Marquis  de  Lafayette. 

SPAIN.  —  Christopher  Columbus. 

§  238.   Methods  of  Constitutional  Library  Reports. 

OBJECT.  This  report  is  intended,  like  the  weekly  papers 
(Manual,  §  7),  to  train  students  in  applying  to  specific  cases 
the  general  principles  of  the  Constitution;  but  instead  of 
undertaking  to  give  an  opinion  off-hand  and  without  the  use 
of  books,  they  will  be  expected  to  bring  to  bear  upon  their 
question  all  the  authorities  which  they  can  command. 

SCOPE.  Each  topic  will  be  a  simple  question  in  consti 
tutional  law,  and,  so  far  as  possible,  a  very  detailed  question. 
The  report  is  to  be  a  brief  statement  of  the  conclusions 
which  the  student  has  reached,  with  the  reasons  for  those 
conclusions;  but  in  the  report  it  is  expected  that  objections 
to  the  position  taken  will  be  stated  and  discussed,  and  the 
reasons  for  setting  them  aside  will  be  made  apparent. 
Students  are  cautioned  against  making  these  reports  vague, 
and  especially  against  copying  opinions  of  jurists  or  states 
men  without  showing  how  they  affect  the  results.  A  series 
of  bald  extracts  from,  or  abstracts  of  authorities  is  not  con- 


392  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§238 

sidered  a  report.  It  is  expected  that  the  subject  will  be  logi 
cally  developed  in  analyzed  heads,  each  worked  out  in 
arguments  backed  up  by  references  to  the  authorities  upon 
which  the  opinion  is  based;  and  brief  quotations  may  well 
be  introduced  to  show  the  character  of  the  evidence.  Special 
notice  will  be  taken  of  a  systematic  analysis  of  the  subject 
and  a  neat  form  of  statement,  in  which  the  main  heads  of 
the  arguments  are  clearly  stated. 

§  239.   Materials  for  Constitutional  Library  Reports. 

AUTHORITIES.  Bibliographies  of  the  Constitution  will  be 
found  in  Manual,  §§28,  101,  102,  135,  136-160,  199-229, 
283;  J.  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  Hist.,  VII,  255-266; 
W.  E.  Foster,  References  to  the  Constitution;  A.  B.  Hart, 
Federal  Government,  §§  38,  469,  and  Actual  Government, 
§  17;  J.  G.  Barn  well,  Reading  Notes  to  the  Constitution. 
Use  also  the  bibliographical  introductions  or  footnotes  to 
the  best  books  on  constitutional  history  and  constitu 
tional  law. 

Students  will  be  expected  to  refer  to  any  parts  of  the 
Constitution  bearing  upon  their  subject,  to  study  the  con 
stitutional  treatises,  to  examine  acts  of  Congress  and  other 
evidences  of  the  practice  of  the  government  with  reference 
to  their  subject,  and  to  make  use  of  Supreme  Court  Reports 
and  other  repositories  of  official  legal  opinions. 

The  principal  authorities  on  constitutional  law  should  be 
reserved  in  the  alcove  containing  books  on  government. 
Duplicates  of  many  of  these  books  will  be  found  in  any 
good  public  or  private  law  library.  The  footnotes  to  these 
treatises  should  lead  to  other  commentaries,  and  especially 
to  decisions  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  and  other 
courts.  Some  of  the  treatises  are  enumerated  in  Manual, 
§  135,  and  lists  of  legal  reports  of  cases  and  aids  to  the 
study  of  constitutional  questions  will  be  found  in  Manual, 
§  135. 


§240]  CONSTITUTIONAL  393 

CONFERENCE.  In  addition  to  the  conference  hours  of  the 
assistant  the  instructor  may  himself  be  consulted. 

METHOD.  The  easiest  and  most  complete  way  of  handling 
the  subject  is  to  take  notes  upon  loose  sheets,  appropriating 
one  for  each  branch  of  the  subject  as  it  is  developed.  The 
student  may  then  go  through  all  the  authorities,  searching 
simply  for  discussions  which  may  seem  to  him  to  bear  upon 
the  point,  and  taking  his  references  point  by  point.  He 
will  then  have  a  body  of  classified  references,  and  may  go 
back  to  those  which  he  has  marked  as  being  most  helpful. 
By  comparing  the  various  authorities  thus  collected  in  each 
subdivision  of  the  subject  seriatim,  he  will  be  able  to  come 
to  a  decision  for  himself. 

Out  of  this  list  of  about  a  thousand  constitutional  sub 
jects  for  investigation,  many  are  discussed  at  more  or  less 
length  by  the  treatise  writers,  or  in  special  monographs. 
References  at  the  section  heads  will  lead  to  some  of  the 
special  materials.  In  general  the  topics  are  very  limited, 
so  that  the  available  materials  can  be  exhausted.  Of  the 
following  subjects  a  large  number  have  been  tested,  and 
give  opportunity  for  proper  discussion;  but  students  may 
arrange  for  a  change  of  subject  if  it  seems  hard  to  find 
suitable  evidence.  In  Manual,  §  §  283-299,  will  be  found 
lists  of  questions  in  practical  government,  many  of  which 
might  also  be  used  for  constitutional  reports. 

§  240.  Constitutional  Reports  on  the  Genesis  and  Nature  of 
of  the  Union  (see  Manual,  §§29-52,  97,  98,  101,  102,  136- 
138,  203  287). 

REVOLUTION. 

1.  Was  Massachusetts  ever  sovereign  and  independent? 

2.  Has  any  State  existed  without  being  a  State  in  the 
Union? 

3.  Were  the  Continental  paper  notes  really  a  legal  tender? 


394  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§240 

4.  Were  ordinances  of  the  Continental  Congress  binding 
on  the  people  of  the  United  States  after  1789? 

5.  Did   the   Second   Continental   Congress   exercise   sov 
ereign  powers? 

6.  Were  the  people  bound  to  obey  the  resolutions  of  the 
Continental  Congress? 

7.  Were  the  states  bound  to  obey  the  resolutions  of  the 
Continental  Congress? 

8.  Was    there    a    national    government    by    "  Compact" 
before  1781? 

THE  CONFEDERATION. 

9.  Was  the  Confederation  a  league  of  sovereign  States? 

10.  Was  the  Confederation  a  constitutional  compact? 

11.  Had  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  any  power  of 
enforcing  its  decrees? 

12.  Had  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  supreme  juris 
diction  in  prize  cases? 

13.  Were  the  States  bound  to  obey  the  ordinances  of 
Congress?  , 

14.  Had  the  Confederation  constitutional  power  over  the 
Indians? 

15.  Could  the  Confederation  keep  up  a  standing  army? 

16.  Was  the  Northwest  Ordinance  a  constitutional  act? 

17.  Was  Patrick  Henry's  theory  of  State  rights  under  the 
Confederation  sound? 

18.  Had  the  States  a  right  to  secede  from  the  Confedera 
tion? 

19.  Was  the  Confederation  ever  legally  dissolved? 

RATIFICATION  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

20.  Is  the  Constitution  a  compact  between  individuals? 

21.  Is  the  Constitution  a  compact  between  states? 

22.  Is  the  Constitution  a  compact  between  the  States 
and  the  general  government. 


§  240]  CONSTITUTIONAL  395 

23.  Who  were  "the  people  of  the  United  States"  in  1787? 

24.  Is  the  Federal  constitution  supreme  over  the  Massa 
chusetts  constitution  of  1780? 

25.  Did  the  States  forever  bind  themselves  by  their  rati 
fication  of  the  Constitution? 

26.  Are  the  people  of  New  York  to-day  bound  by  the 
ratification  of  the  Constitution  in  1788? 

27.  Did  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  know  "a  people 
of  the  United  States"  possessing  political  powers? 

28.  May  a  State  repeal  its  ratification  of  a  constitutional 
amendment? 

29.  Is  there  any  part  of  the  United  States  Constitution 
which  cannot  be  amended? 

30.  Was  North  Carolina  in  or  out  of  the  Union  in  1789? 

31.  Could  Rhode  Island  have  set  up  a  separate  govern 
ment  in  1788. 

SOVEREIGNTY. 

32.  Was  the  government  of  the  United  States  sovereign 
in  1790? 

33.  Can  the  United  States  be  compelled  to  pay  its  just 
debts? 

34.  May  a  State  be  compelled  to  pay  debts  due  to  the 
Federal  government? 

35.  Who  is  the  sovereign  in  the  United  States? 

36.  Are  state  Constitutions  a  part  of  the  national  Con- 
sit  it  ution? 

37.  Is  Congress  sovereign  within  the  sphere  of  national 
powers? 

IMPLIED  POWERS. 

38.  How  far  is  the  intent  of  the  framers  of  the  Constitu 
tion  to  be  taken  into  account  in  determining  its  meaning? 

39.  Does  the   "  general   welfare"   clause  give  additional 
powers  to  Congress,  not  elsewhere  stated? 


396  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§240 

40.  Is  the  "  general  welfare"  clause  a  limitation  on  the 
taxation  clause? 

41.  Can  a  power  not  distinctly  implied  in  any  specified 
power  in  the  Constitution  be  implied  from  several  clauses 
taken  together? 

42.  May  the  United  States  government  exercise  a  power 
because  it  was  a  power  customary  in  civilized  governments 
at  the  time  the  Constitution  was  framed? 

43.  Are  tariff  acts  " necessary  and  proper"? 

44.  Was  the  Sedition  Act  constitutional? 

45.  Was  the  Embargo  constitutional? 

46.  Was  the  Legal  Tender  Act  constitutional? 

47.  What  powers  are  forbidden  both  to  the  nation  and 
the  States? 

48.  Whence  comes  the  authority  to  annex  territory? 

§  241.  Constitutional  Reports  on  Membership  in  the  Com 
munity  (see  Manual,  §§  99,  100,  177,  187,  192,  201,  256). 

CITIZENSHIP. 

1.  Is  there  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  who  is  not  also 
a  citizen  of  a  State? 

2.  Can  there  be  a  citizen  of  a  State  who  is  not  also  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States? 

3.  Are  there  now  any  citizens  of  the  United  States  who 
have  fewer  rights  than  other  citizens? 

4.  Is  the  son  of  Chinese   parents,   born  in   the   United 
States,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

5.  Are  the  Filipinos  citizens  of  the  United  States? 

6.  What  is  the  legal  status  of  a  born  Porto  Rican  who 
settles  in  New  York? 

7.  What  is  the  status  of  a  born  Filipino  who  settles  in 
Hawaii? 

8.  Do  persons  born  in  Hawaii  thereby  become  citizens  of 
the  United  States? 


§  241]  CONSTITUTIONAL  397 

9.  Is  the  son  of  an  American  citizen,  born  in  Germany 
and  always  residing  there,  an  American  citizen? 

10.  Is  the  son  of  American  parents,  born  in  Germany,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States? 

11.  Can  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  divest  himself  of 
that  citizenship. 

12.  May  an  Indian  be  compelled  to  accept  citizenship? 

13.  May  a  State  deprive  any  person  of  citizenship? 

14.  May  Congress   by  statute   banish   a    citizen  of  the 
United  States? 

15.  May  a  State  banish  a  citizen  of  that  State? 

16.  May  Congress  fix  banishment  as  a  penalty  for  crime? 

17.  May  Congress  forbid  American  citizens  to  return  from 
foreign  countries? 

18.  What  is  "inhabitancy  of  a  State"  in  the  meaning  of 
the  Constitution,  Art.  I,  sec.  3,  §  3? 

19.  Is  a  corporation  created  by  a  State  entitled  to  the 
privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  other  States? 

NATURALIZATION. 

20.  May  naturalization  be  refused  by  State  courts  on 
the  ground  that  they  do  not  care  to  take  the  trouble? 

21.  May  Congress  require  naturalization  by  United  States 
courts  only? 

22.  Is  naturalization  a  right  of  an  alien,  if  he  can  satisfy 
the  formalities? 

23.  Is  a  foreign  power  bound  to  accept  an  authentic  act 
of  naturalization,  even  though  obtained  by  fraud? 

24.  What  persons  are  excluded  from  naturalization? 

25.  May  Congress  by  statute  withdraw  a  naturalization 
once  granted? 

26.  Is  there  any  legal  distinction  between  a  naturalized 
and  a  native-born  citizen? 

27.  Is  a  naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States  relieved 
from  obligation  to  his  native  government? 


398  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  241 

28.  May  a  Filipino  Malay  be  naturalized  as  a  citizen  of 

the  United  States? 

ALIENS. 

29.  May  a  person  be  both  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
and  of  a  foreign  country? 

30.  Are  aliens  liable  to  military  service? 

31.  Are  aliens  entitled  to  sue  in  the  United  States  courts? 

32.  May  Congress  by  statute  forbid  aliens  to  hold  real 
estate  in  the  United  States? 

33.  May  Congress  by  statute  confiscate  the  property  of 
aliens? 

34.  May  Congress  by  law   compel   subjects   of  friendly 
countries  to  leave  our  territory? 

35.  Was  the  Alien  [friends]  Act  constitutional? 

36.  Was  the  Alien  [enemies]  Act  constitutional? 

37.  May  the  States  forbid  persons  of  Japanese  race  to 
vote? 

38.  How  may  a  Chinaman  legally  enter  the  United  States? 

39.  May  Congress  expel  the  Chinese  now  in  the  country? 

40.  May  the  Chinese  now  in  Hawaii  be  banished  by  act 
of  Congress? 

41.  May  Congress  refuse  to  sell  public  lands  to  aliens? 

PERSONAL  FREEDOM. 

42.  Was  slavery  ever  legal  on  board  United  States  men 
of  war? 

43.  Was  slavery  constitutionally  established  in  Missouri 
before  1820? 

44.  Did  the  Proclamation  of  Emancipation  annul  slavery 
clauses  in  State  constitutions? 

45.  Did  the  Proclamation  of  Emancipation  actually  free 
any  slaves? 

46.  Were  the  slaves  held  by  Filipinos  set  free  by  annexa 
tion? 


§  241]  CONSTITUTIONAL  399 

47.  Could  the  United  States  by  treaty  acknowledge  the 
existence  of  slavery  in  the  Sulu  archipelago? 

48.  Are  the  Hawaiians  protected  against  slavery  by  the 
Federal  constitution? 

49.  May  Congress  provide  by  law  for  returning  fugitive 
slaves  who  may  escape  into  the  United  States  from  other 
countries? 

50.  Was  the  Fugitive  Slave  Act  of  1850  constitutional? 

51.  Were  the  Personal  Liberty  Laws  constitutional? 

52.  Had  Congress  at  any  time  the  right  to  prohibit  the 
return  of  fugitive  slaves  from  the  territories? 

53.  May  a  criminal  be  sold  to  service  for  a  term  of  years? 

54.  May  a  criminal  be  sold  to  serve  an  individual  for  life? 

55.  May  the  States  refuse  to  permit  the  entrance  of  citi 
zens  to  other  States  on  the  ground  of  pauperism? 

56.  May  mine  owners  in  Illinois  import  negroes  to  take 
the  place  of  strikers? 

57.  May  a  pauper  be  compelled  against  his  will  to  return 
to  the  State  from  which  he  came? 

58.  What  is  the  remedy  of  an  individual  illegally  arrested 
by  the  President's  order? 

59.  May  the  President  suspend  habeas  corpus. 

60.  May  a  general  suspend  habeas  corpus  in  time  of  war? 

FREEDOM  OF  SPEECH. 

61.  May  a  person  be  punished  for  speaking  ill  of  Congress? 

62.  May  a  person  be  punished  in  time  of  war  for  telling 
the  truth  about  the  military  stiuation  of  the  country? 

63.  Could  a  correspondent  be  punished  for  sending  home 
truthful  despatches  on  operations  in  the  Philippines? 

64.  Are  the  Filipinos  entitled  to  meet  and  petition  Con 
gress  to  restore  the  islands  to  Spain? 

65.  Are  petitioners  entitled  to  have  their  petitions  read 
in  Congress? 


400  LIBRARY   REPORTS  l§  241 


RIGHTS  OF  COLONISTS. 

66.  Are  the  people  of  Porto  Rico  entitled  to  keep  and 
bear  arms? 

67.  Are  Filipinos  entitled  to  "no  taxation  without  repre 
sentation?" 

68.  Are  Hawaiians  under  the  Constitution  to  keep  and 
bear  arms? 

69.  May  soldiers  be  quartered  in  the  houses  of  Filipinos? 

70.  Are  Hawaiians  entitled  to  counsel  in  criminal  trials 
by  the  Constitution? 

71.  Are  Porto  Ricans  entitled  to  sue  in  Federal  courts  in 
California? 

72.  May  a  Porto  Rican  be  deprived  of  his  property  with 
out  due  process  of  law? 

73.  Is  a  Hawaiian  entitled  to  indictment  before  trial? 

74.  May  a  Filipino  be  tried  without  an  indictment  or 
presentment? 

75.  Have  the  people  of  Alaska  a  right  to  trial  by  jury? 

76.  Are  Hawaiians  entitled  to  a  trial  by  jury  under  the 
Const  itiution? 

77.  Are  Filipinos  entitled  to  a  trial  by  jury? 

78.  May  Congress  bring  Porto  Ricans  to  the  continent 
for  trial  by  murder? 

79.  May  inhabitants  of  the  Philippines  be  burned  alive 
as  a  judicial  punishment  for  crime? 

PROTECTION  OF  RIGHTS. 

80.  Can  the  United  States  protect  a  citizen  against  depri 
vation  of  his  civil  rights  by  a  State? 

81.  May  Congress  protect  colored  citizens  from  exclusion 
by  State  law  from  juries? 

82.  May  Congress  provide  for  the  punishment  of  persons 
who  prevent  negroes  from  voting? 


§  242]  CONSTITUTIONAL  401 

83.  May  the  United  States  protect  a  citizen  against  dis 
crimination  in  the  use  of  public  conveyances? 

84.  May  Congress  require  railway  companies  to  admit 
negroes  to  Pullman  cars? 

85.  Was  the  Freedman's  Bureau  Bill  of  1866  constitu 
tional? 

86.  Can  anybody  deprive  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
of  his  property  without  due  process  of  law? 

87.  May  Congress  divest  persons  of  titles  to  lands  which 
they  have  acquired  by  purchase  from  the  government? 

88.  May  private  houses  be  searched  by  revenue  officers 
at  night? 

§  242.   Constitutional  Reports  on   The  Electoral  System  (see 
Manual,  §§  103,  104,  288). 

1.  May  Congress  in  any  way  regulate  the  suffrage? 

2.  May  Congress  establish  compulsory  voting  in  national 
elections? 

3.  May  Congress  establish  a  system  of  minority  repre 
sentation  in  elections  to  Congress? 

4.  May  Congress  require  the  Australian  ballot  system  at 
national  elections? 

5.  May   Congress   require   the   registration   of   voters   at 
national  elections? 

6.  May  Congress  grant  to  women  the  right  to  vote  for 
presidential  electors? 

7.  Would  an  educational  qualification  fixed  by  a  State 
be  a  reason  for  diminishing  its  representation  in  Congress? 

8.  Is   the   belief  that   polygamy  is   a  divine   institution 
ground  for  disenfranchisement? 

9.  For   what    reasons   has   the    United    States   excluded 
presons  from  suffrage? 

10.  May  Congress  deprive  deserters  of  their  right  to  vote? 

11.  Is  the  right  to  be  a  candidate  for  elective  office  secured 
by  the  Constitution? 


402  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§243 

§  243.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  Status  of  the  States  (see 
Manual,  §§  97,  98,  105,  106,  141,  149,  156,  160,  289). 

FEDERAL  STATUS. 

1 .  What  rights  have  States  which  cannot  be  infringed  by 
the  general  government? 

2.  May  a  territory  form  a  State  constitution  without  an 
enabling  act? 

3.  Do  territorial  laws  remain  in  force  after  the  admission 
of  the  territory  as  a  State? 

4.  May  a  Federal  constitutional  convention  duly  called 
propose  an  amendment  to  take  away  the  equal  vote  in  the 
Senate? 

5.  Was  Missouri  bound  by  the  text  of  the  Compromise 
of  1821? 

6.  May  Congress  fix  conditions  on  States  at  admission 
which  will  hold  good  after  admission? 

7.  May  Congress  admit  Hawaii  as  a  State  on  condition 
that  all  educated  men  shall  have  the  suffrage? 

8.  Can  a  State  be  formed  without  the  consent  of  the 
people? 

9.  Was  the  admission  of  West  Virginia  constitutional? 

10.  Might  Congress  admit  Porto  Rico  as  a  State  with  the 
condition  that  it  should  have  only  one  Senator? 

11.  Is   Utah   bound   by   any   restrictions   which   do   not 
apply  to  other  States? 

12.  Is  Ohio  bound  to  perform  any  duties  not  required 
of  other  States? 

13.  May  Congress  by  statute  assign  duties  to  State  offi 
cials? 

14.  What  duties  do  State  governments  perform  for  the 
national  government? 

15.  May  a  State  Governor  refuse  to  extradite  a  person 
whom  he  admits  to  be  a  fugitive  criminal? 

16.  Does  the  United  States  in  any  official  way  recognize 
the  existence  of  cities  in  the  States? 


§243]  CONSTITUTIONAL  403 

17.  Does  the  United  States  in  any  way  recognize  the 
existence  of  county  governments? 

STATE  SOVEREIGNTY. 

18.  Was  any  State  sovereign  in  1780? 

19.  Was  any  State  sovereign  in  1788? 

20.  Was  any  State  sovereign  in  1791? 

21.  Is  a  State  sovereign  over  the  inheritance  of  property? 

22.  Is  a  State  sovereign  over  its  own  tax  system? 

23.  Is  a  State  sovereign  over  education? 

INTERPOSITION  AND  NULLIFICATION. 

24.  What  is  the  meaning  of  "interposition"  as  used  in 
the  Virginia  Resolutions? 

25.  Is  "interposition"  a  rightful  remedy  in  case  of  actual 
violation  of  State  rights  by  the  Federal  government? 

26.  What  is  the  meaning  of  "nullification"  as  used  in 
the  Kentucky  Resolutions? 

27.  What  remedy  has  the  United  States  against  nullifi 
cation? 

28.  Was  nullification  in  1833  "a  peaceful  remedy"?     , 

SECESSION. 

29.  Does  a  man  owe  allegiance  to  his  State? 

30.  Does  secession  deprive  a  State  of  its  privileges  in  the 
Union? 

31.  Was  Tennessee  in  the  Union  during  the  Civil  War? 

32.  Was    the    secession    of    Louisiana    unconstitutional 
under  the  treaty  of  1803? 

33.  Was  John  Bell  "bound  to  follow  his  State"  in  seces 
sion  in  1861? 

34.  Does  the  "supreme  law"  clause  make  it  certain  that 
a  State  cannot  secede? 

35.  What  are  the  constitutional  remedies  in  case  a  State 
secedes? 


404  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§243 

36.  Is  secession  insurrection? 

37.  Is  secession  rebellion? 

38.  Is  secession  treason? 

39.  Had  Texas  any  more  right  to  secede  than  Virginia? 

40.  May  the  United  States  make  war  upon  a  State? 

ADJUSTMENT  OF  CONTROVERSIES. 

41.  Who  finally  decides  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  phrases 
of  the  State  constitutions? 

42.  What  is  ua  republican  form  of  government"? 

43.  May  Congress  by  statute  decide  which  of  two  rival 
State  governments  is  legal? 

44.  In  case  of  concurrent  powers  between  the  national 
and  State  governments,  which  has  precedence? 

45.  Who  decides  disputes  between  the  States  and    the 
national  government? 

46.  Is   there   any   tribunal   to   decide   disputes   between 
State  Governors  and  the  President? 

47.  May  a  suit  be  brought  against  a  State  by  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States? 

§  244.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Legislative  (see 
Manual,  §§  99,  100,  137,  138,  214,  215,  291). 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  MEMBERS. 

1.  May  Congress  by  statute  refuse  to  receive  Senators 
and  Representatives  from  a  State  now  in  the  Union? 

2.  May  Congress  prohibit   persons  holding  State  offices 
from  accepting  elections  to  the  House  of  Representatives? 

3.  May  Congress  by  statute  refuse  to  admit  Senators  and 
Representatives  elected  from  a  former  seceding  State? 

4.  May  Congress  make  any  qualifications  for  member 
ship  in  either  House  not  stated  in  the  Constitution? 

5.  Can  a  State  define  the  qualifications  for  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives? 


§  244]  CONSTITUTIONAL  405 

6.  May  Congress  by  statute  declare  persons   who  have 
been  engaged  in  war  against  the  United  States  to  be  ineli 
gible  for  membership  in  either  House? 

7.  May  Congress  prescribe  residence  in  the  district  from 
which  a  member  is  elected  as  a  qualification  for  member 
ship  in  the  House? 

8.  May  a  member  elect  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
be  refused  a  seat  because  suspected  of  crime? 

9.  May  a  Senator  elect  be  excluded  from  the  Senate  on 
the  ground  that  he  believes  in  polygamy? 

10.  May  the  Senate  refuse  to  admit  a  Senator  elect  be 
cause  it  does  not  like  him? 

11.  May  the  House  refuse  to  receive  a  member  elect  on 
grounds  of  personal  character  only? 

ELECTION  OF  SENATORS. 

12.  Is  there  a  remedy  if  a  State  refuse  to  elect  Senators? 

13.  May  a  State  be  compelled  by  constitutional  amend 
ment  to  choose  Senators  by  popular  vote? 

14.  Might  a  State  by  its  constitution  direct  the  legislature 
to  choose  as  Senator  a  man  who  had  a  majority  of  the  popu 
lar  vote  in  a  primary  election. 

15.  May  States  require  a  preliminary  popular  election  to 
designate  candidates  out  of  whom  alone  Senators  may  be 
chosen? 

16.  If  a  legislature  meets  and  terminates  without  electing 
a   Senator,   may   the   Governor  thereupon   appoint   to   the 
vacancy? 

17.  Could  retiring  Presidents  be  made  Senators  ex  ofjicio 
without  votes  by  a  constitutional  amendment? 

18.  May   Congress   pass   an   act   regulating   contests   for 
seats  in  the  Senate  or  House? 


406  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§244 

ELECTION  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

19.  How  far  may  the  United  States  regulate  elections  to 
Congress? 

20.  May  Congress  in  any  way  regulate  State  elections? 

21.  May  Congress  by  statute   place  soldiers  at  the  polls 
in  States  where  there  is  no  disturbance  of  the  peace? 

22.  May  the  President  under  the  present  laws  station 
United  States  troops  at  the  polls  at  elections? 

23.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  States  from  holding  elec 
tions  on  the  day  of  election  of  members  to  the  House? 

24.  May  Congress  compel  States  to  permit  their  public 
buildings  to  be  used  for  Federal  elections? 

25.  May  Congress  by  statute  district  the  States  for  con 
gressional  elections? 

26.  Is  there  any  Federal  remedy  for  so  districting  a  State 
that  one  congressional  district  shall  have  twice  the  popu 
lation  of  another? 

27.  Are  territorial   delegates  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  ? 

28.  May  Congress  commit  the  decision  in  contested  elec 
tions  to  State  courts? 

29.  May  Congress  by  statute  empower  the  Federal  courts 
to  decide  contested  elections? 

THE  SENATE. 

30.  Does  the  Senate  represent  the  States  rather  than  the 
people? 

31.  Is  a  Senator  bound  to  regard  instructions  by  the 
legislature  of  his  State? 

32.  Has  the  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  any  of 
the  privileges  of  the  Senate? 

33.  Is  the  Senate  bound  by  parliamentary  decisions  of 
the  Vice-President? 

34.  What  powers  has  the  Senate  which  are  not  possessed 
by  the  House? 


§  244]  CONSTITUTIONAL  407 

THE  HOUSE. 

35.  What  powers  has  the  House  which  are  not  possessed 

by  the  Senate? 

36.  Has  the  House  the  sole  right  to  initiate  appropriation 
bills? 

37.  Has  the  Speaker  of  the  House  the  right  to  declare  a 
quorum  present  when  less  than  a  majority  answer  to  their 
names  in  roll-call? 

38.  May  Congress  by  statute  assign  duties  to  the  Speaker 
of  the  House? 

39.  May  the  Speaker  of  the  House  vote  as  a  member  and 
again  vote  in  a  tie  on  the  same  question? 

40.  May  the  Speaker  of  the  House  be  compelled  to  resign? 

41.  Could  a  person  not  a  member  of  the  House  be  elected 
Speaker? 

42.  Are  members  of  Congress  legally  bound  to  vote,  if 
present? 

43.  Could  committees  of  Congress  be  required  by  statute 
to  hold  their  sessions  in  public? 

44.  May  a  member  of  Congress  appear  as  paid  counsel  to 
argue  for  a  corporation  before  a  committee  of  Congress? 

PRIVILEGE. 

45.  How  long  does  the  privilege  of  freedom  from  arrest  of 
a  member  of  Congress  last? 

46.  May  Congress  inflict  any  punishment  on  persons  not 
members  of  Congress? 

47.  May  Congress  compel  the  testimony  of  witnesses? 

48.  May  Congress  inflict  the  penalty  of  imprisonment  on 
its  own  members? 

49.  May  either  House  expel  a  member  for  asserting  a 
belief  in  polygamy? 


408  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§244 

LEGISLATIVE  PROCEDURE. 

50.  May  Congress  by  statute  regulate  the  time  of  adjourn 
ment  of  future  Congresses? 

51.  May  a  Congress  bind  a  succeeding  Congress? 

52.  May  Congress  delegate  to  a  commission  the  prepara 
tion  of  a  bill? 

53.  May  the  Executive  submit  drafts  of  bills  to  Congress? 

54.  Is  a  joint  resolution  legally  different  from  an  act? 

55.  Is  there  any  remedy  if  the  Journals  falsely  state  that 
a  bill  has  been  passed? 

56.  May  the  order  of  business  of  either  House  be  fixed  by 
statute? 

57.  Can  a  bill  be  carried  through  all  its  stages  and  become 
an  act,  all  in  one  day? 

58.  Could  either  House  of  Congress  by  rule  limit  the 
privilege  of  debate  to  chairmen  of  committees? 

59.  May  Congress  by  law  determine  the  time  of  expira 
tion  of  Congress? 

60.  Is  there  any  legal  limitation  on  legislative  "riders"? 

61.  Can  either  House  recall  a  bill  after  it  is  passed  and 
sent  to  the  other  House? 

62.  When  does  an  act  of  Congress  take  effect? 

63.  May  a  President  sign  a  bill  after  the  adjournment  of 
Congress? 

64.  If  Congress  adjourn  for  the  holidays,  do  bills  held 
unsigned  for  ten  days  by  the  President  become  a  law  with 
out  his  signature? 

65.  May  a  President  on  constitutional  grounds  veto  a  bill 
which  has  in  principle  been  held  valid  by  the  Supreme  Court? 

RELATIONS  WITH  THE  EXECUTIVE. 

66.  May  either  House  by  a  committee  investigate  the  acts 
of  the  President? 

67.  May  either  House  require  the  President  to  submit 
papers? 


§  245]  CONSTITUTIONAL  409 

68.  May  the  Houses  by  concurrent  resolution  require  the 
President  to  submit  papers? 

69.  May  Congress    under  any  circumstances   forbid  the 
President  to  exercise  duties  specified  in  the  Constitution? 

70.  May  Congress  authorize  the  President  to  make  regu 
lations  with  the  force  of  law? 

71.  May  Congress   by   statute   assign   to   the   President 
duties  not  specified  in  the  Constitution? 

§  245.   Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Executive  (see 
Manual,  §§212,  213). 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS. 

1.  Are  Indians  eligible  to  the  presidency? 

2.  Are  Filipinos  eligible  to  the  presidency? 

3.  May  Congress    by  statute  establish  qualifications  for 
presidential  electors? 

4.  Did  the  Federal  Convention  expect  presidential  elec 
tors  to  vote  according  to  their  individual  preferences? 

5.  How  are  vacancies  in  the  electoral  colleges  filled,  be 
tween  the  popular  elections  and  the  choice  of  the  President? 

6.  Would  the  plan  of  dividing  the  State  electoral  vote 
pro  rata  to  the  popular  vote  in  each  State  be  an  improvement? 

7.  Who  is  constitutionally  entitled  to  count  the  electoral 
vote? 

8.  May  the  electoral  vote  of  a  State  be  rejected  if  there 
is  no  conflicting  return? 

9.  Who  would  be  President  if  the  President  and  Vice- 
President  should  die  between  January  15  and  March  4? 

CABINET. 

10.  What  is  a  " department"  in  the  meaning  of  the  Con 
stitution? 

11.  May  Congress  require  the  President  to  select  Cabinet 
ministers  out  of  persons  already  in  the  civil  service? 


410  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§245 

12.  May  the  President  appoint   an  executive  board  of 
three  persons  to  take  charge  of  the  War  Department? 

13.  Could  Congress  require  the  President  to  consult  the 
judgment  of  his  Cabinet? 

14.  Is  the  act  of  a  Cabinet  officer  legally  the  act  of  the 
President? 

15.  Are  Cabinet  officers  bound  to  obey  the  directions  of 
the  President  or  else  to  resign? 

16.  Could  the  Vice-President  be  made  a  member  of  the 
Cabinet? 

17.  Could  Congress  by  statute  give  Cabinet  officers  seats 
in  either  House? 

18.  Could  Congress  assign  to  the  Interior  Department  the 
management  of  foreign  relations? 

19.  May  a  President  prescribe  the  duties  of  a  Secretary  of 
State? 

20.  Has  the  Secretary  of  War  any  duties  in  which  he  is 
is  not  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  President? 

21.  Is  a  Secretary  of  State  bound  to  submit  all  his  des 
patches  to  the  President? 

22.  May  Congress   require  heads  of  departments   to  be 
responsible  directly  to  Congress? 

23.  May  the  House  of  Representatives  require  a  head  of 
department  to  report  directly  to  them? 

24.  May  a  suit  be  brought  against  a  Cabinet  officer  on 
account  of  an  official  act? 

APPOINTMENTS  AND  REMOVALS. 

25.  Is  the  Consular  Clerks  Act  of  1864  constitutional? 

26.  May   the    Senate    require    the    President    to   submit 
papers  bearing  on  the  nominations? 

27.  Was  the  Tenure  of  Office  Act  of  1867  constitutional? 

28.  Has  the  Senate  at  present  any  control  over  removals? 

29.  May  Congress  by  statute  require  the   President   to 
state  reasons  for  a  removal? 


§245]  CONSTITUTIONAL  411 

30.  May  Congress  by  statute  require  heads  of  depart 
ments  to  state  reasons  for  removals? 

31.  May  the  Senate  require  papers  relative  to  removals, 
before  confirming  appointments  to  fill  the  vacancies  thus 
caused? 

32.  May  Congress  by  statute  require  that  appointments 
shall  be  made  only  from  persons  who  have  passed  a  civil 
service  examination? 

33.  May  Congress  give  to  graduates  of  agricultural  col 
leges  a  preference  in  appointments  to  office? 

34.  May  Congress  provide  a  civil  service  examination  for 
ambassadors? 

35.  May  Congress  make  the  civil  service  rules  mandatory 
on  the  President? 

36.  May  Congress  require  that  appointments  to  office  be 
apportioned  per  capita  among  the  States  and  territories? 

37.  May  Congress  by  statute  give  to  executive  officials  a 
term  during  good  behavior? 

38.  May  Congress  in  creating  an  office  designate  the  per 
son  who  is  to  fill  it? 

39.  May  Congress  designate  persons  to  be  promoted  in 
the  military  service? 

40.  May  Congress  by  statute  remove  officials  by  short 
ening  the  terms  of  their  offices? 

41.  May  an  officer  of  the  navy  be  dismissed  without  a 
court  martial? 

42.  May  an  officer  of  the  army  be  dismissed  without  a 
hearing? 

CIVIL  SERVICE. 

43.  May  the  President  appoint  foreign  representatives  for 
whose  salary  Congress  has  made  no  provision? 

44.  May  the  President  appoint  persons  without  salary  to 
offices  not  created  by  Congress? 

45.  May  the  President  accept  private  subscriptions  for 
payment  of  an  official  whose  salary  Congress  refuses  to  vote? 


412  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§245 

46.  May  Congress   designate   persons   to   occupy   public 
offices  already  created? 

47.  May  Congress  provide  pensions  for  civil  employees? 

48.  May  States  tax  the  salaries  of  United  States  officials? 

49.  May  Congress  impose  any  official  duties  it  pleases  on 
officers  of  the  government  other  than  the  President? 

50.  Have  executive  regulations  for  government  employees 
the  force  of  law? 

51.  May  an  official  of  the  United  States  at  the  same  time 
hold  office  under  a  State  or  territory? 

52.  May  the  President  delegate  his  power  of  appointment 
to  subordinates? 

53.  May  the  President  delegate  his  command  over  the 
army? 

RESPONSIBILITY  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

54.  Is  the  Presidential  veto  a  legislative  power? 

55.  Is  a  President  bound  to  carry  out  a  statute  passed 
over  a  veto  based  on  unconstitutionality? 

56.  May  a  President  refuse  to  carry  out  an  act  of  Con 
gress  on  the  ground  that  it  is  unconstitutional? 

57.  May  the   President   constitutionally  perform  an   act 
which  the  Supreme  Court  has  held  to  be  unconstitutional? 

58.  Was  President  Johnson  bound  to  carry  out  the  recon 
struction  acts  which  he  vetoed? 

59.  May  either   House   require   from   the   President   the 
reasons  for  an  official  action? 

60.  May  a  suit  be  brought  against  a  President  in  office 
on  account  of  an  official  act? 

61.  May  a  suit  be  brought  against  an  ex-President  for  an 
official  act  performed  while  President? 

62.  May  the  President  be  summoned  as  a  witness? 

63.  Is  there  any  limitation  on  the  President's  power  of 
pardon? 

64.  May  Congress  by  law  relieve  from  penalties  already 
incurred? 


§  246]  CONSTITUTIONAL  413 

§  246.  Constitutional  Reports  on  the  National  Judiciary  (see 
Manual,  §§  113,  114,  161,  216,  217,  293). 

APPOINTMENT  AND  REMOVAL  OP  JUDGES. 

1.  May  Congress  create  a  judgeship  with  a  limited  term? 

2.  Are  territorial  judges  " judges  of  inferior  courts"   in 
the  constitutional  sense? 

3.  May  Congress  get  rid  of  judges  by  repealing  the  laws 
creating  the  courts  to  which  they  are  attached? 

4.  For  what    offences    may  a  United    States   judge   be 
impeached? 

5.  Has  a  federal  judge  a  freehold  in  his  office? 

PROCEDURE  OF  COURTS. 

6.  May  Congress    require    the    chief  justice  to   give  an 
opinion  on  the  constitutionality  of  a  pending  bill? 

7.  May  the  President  require  the  opinion  of  the  Supreme 
Court  on  a  pending  treaty? 

8.  May  Congress   require  the    justices   of   the   Supreme 
Court  to  act  as  examiners  into  claims  on  the  government? 

9.  May   Congress    exclude    particular    kinds    of    Federal 
cases  from  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court? 

10.  Had  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  supreme  juris 
diction  in  prize  cases? 

11.  Have  the  United  States  courts  criminal  jurisdiction 
at  common  law? 

12.  May  Congress  by  statute  take  away  the  jurisdiction 
of  courts  pending  cases? 

13.  In  what  cases  is  the  decision  of  a  Circuit  Court  of 
Appeal  final? 

14.  In  what  civil  cases  is  a  jury  required  in  United  States 
courts? 

15.  Are  judges  bound  by  the  intent  of  the  framers  of  the 
Constitution? 

16.  May  a  United  States  court  enjoin  a  person  not  to  do 
an  act  defined  by  statute  as  criminal? 


414  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§246 

17.  May  courts  punish  as  a  contempt  acts  criminal  under 
statute  law? 

18.  What  is  the  effect  of  a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court 
upon  persons  not  parties  to  the  suit? 

19.  Is  an  individual  not  a  party  to  a  suit  before  the  Su 
preme  Court  punishable  for  ignoring  the  decision? 

20.  Is  a  United  States  court  bound  by  French  law  in 
cases  where  an  American  maker  of  a  will  dies  in  Paris? 

21.  Is  a  State  court  bound  to  accept  the  decision  of  a 
€ourt  in  another  State  in  the  same  case? 

RELATIONS  TO  STATES. 

22.  In  cases  of  concurrent  jurisdiction  between  State  and 
national  courts,  which  has  the  precedence? 

23.  Can  cases  arising  under  Federal  laws  be  tried  in  State 
courts? 

24.  Can  cases  arising  under  State  laws  be  tried  in  Federal 
courts? 

25.  May  State  courts  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus  against 
United  States  officials? 

26.  May  a  State  court  grant  habeas  corpus  in  favor  of  a 
person  confined  for  contempt  of  a  Federal  court? 

27.  May  the  United  States  courts  issue  writs  of  habeas 
corpus  against  State  officials? 

28.  May  a  State  court  declare  a  national  law  unconsti 
tutional? 

29.  Is  the  Federal  Supreme  Court  bound  by  the  decisions 
of  State  Supreme  Courts  on  points  of  State  constitutional 
law? 

30.  How  may  cases  be  " removed"  from  a  State  to  a 
United  States  court? 

31.  How  may  cases  be  brought  up  from  State  to  United 
States  courts  by  "writ  of  error"? 

32.  When  and  how  may  cases  technically  be  "appealed" 
from  State  courts  to  Federal  courts? 


§  246]  CONSTITUTIONAL  415 

33.  Are  the  decisions  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
binding  on  the  State  courts? 

34.  May  United  States  courts  compel  a  State  official  to 
perform  his  State  duties? 

35.  May  the  United  States  courts  compel  city  officials  to 
perform  their  municipal  duties? 

36.  May  a  citizen  of  a  territory  sue  a  citizen  of  a  State  in 
a  territorial  court? 

RELATIONS  TO  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

37.  May   United   States   Courts  render  opinions   at  the 
request  of  any  executive  official? 

38.  Who  decides  disputes  between  executive  officials  as 
to  their  authority? 

39.  May  an  executive  official  be  required  by  a  court  to 
perform  an  act  forbidden  by  the  President? 

40.  May  a  United  States  court  mandamus  a  member  of 
the  Cabinet? 

41.  May   army   officers    arrest    civilians    for    breach    of 
military  law? 

42.  May  a  United  States  court  direct  a  letter  carrier  to 
deliver  mail  prohibited  by  act  of  Congress? 

CONTROL  OF  COURTS. 

43.  Is  the  Supreme  Court  bound  by  its  own  previous 
decisions? 

44.  Is  there  a  remedy  for  an  unconstitutional  decision  of 
the  Supreme  Court? 

45.  Can  a  judge  be  sued  for  any  official  act? 

46.  How  are  judgments  of  the  Supreme  Court  carried  out? 

47.  Can  Congress  by  law  remit  judicial  penalties  incurred 
in  specific  cases? 

STATES  AS  PARTIES  TO  SUITS. 

48.  Is  the  Supreme  Court  the  arbiter  in  all  cases  between 
States  and  the  United  States? 


416  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§246 

49.  May  a  State  be  summoned  to  appear  as  defendant  in 
a  suit  before  a  Federal  court? 

50.  May  a  suit  against  a  State  be  appealed  to  the  Supreme 
Court  from  a  State  court? 

51.  May  a  State  which  has  made  coupons  on  its  bonds 
receivable  for  taxes  be  compelled  to  receive  such  coupons? 

52.  May  a  State  sue  another  State  for  payment  of  bonds? 

IMPEACHMENT. 

53.  Does  resignation  remove  an  official  from  liability  to 
impeachment? 

54.  Is  impeachment  a  judicial  process? 

55.  May  a  President  be  impeached  for  drunkenness? 

56.  Can  Senators  of  the  United  States  be  impeached? 

DECLARING  ACTS  VOID. 

57.  May  the  Supreme  Court  declare  an  income  tax  void? 

58.  May  the  Supreme  Court  declare  a  tariff  act  void? 

59.  May  the  Supreme  Court  declare  an  entry  in  the  Senate 
or  House  Journal  void? 

60.  May  the  Supreme  Court  declare  void  the  order  of  a 
general  in  the  field  in  time  of  war? 

61.  May  United  States  courts  declare  an  executive  proc 
lamation  void? 

62.  May  a  whole  State  constitution  be  held  void,  as  con 
flicting  with  the  Federal  constitution? 

63.  May  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  declare 
a  city  ordinance  void? 

§  247.   Constitutional   Reports  on   Territorial   Functions    (see 
Manual,  §§  153,  154,  173,  178,  218,  219). 

ANNEXATION. 

1.  Is  the  intention  of  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  as 
to  annexation  of  territory  binding  upon  this  generation? 

2.  Was  the  annexation  of  Louisiana  constitutional? 


§  247]  CONSTITUTIONAL  417 

3.  Was  the  consent  of  the  people  of  the  Philippines  nec 
essary  for  the  constitutional  transfer  of  the  islands  to  the 
United  States? 

4.  May  the  President  order  the  occupation  of  a  region 
prior  to  the  signing  of  the  treaty  of  peace  by  which  it  is 
ceded? 

5.  May  Congress  annex  Cuba  by  joint  resolution,   con 
trary  to  the  express  desire  of  the  Cubans? 

6.  May  Alaska  be  transferred  to  China  by  treaty? 

7.  Has   the    United    States    constitutional    authority   to 
plant  a  colony  in  unoccupied  territory  in  Africa? 

8.  May  the  President  contract  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Danish  West  Indies? 

9.  Did  the  previous  laws  of  Porto  Rico  remain  in  force 
after  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  cession? 

BOUNDARIES. 

10.  Might  Congress  include  Canada  within  our  customs 
boundary,  while  leaving  it  outside  the  political  boundary? 

11.  Who  decides  what  are  the  exterior  boundaries  of  the 
United  States? 

12.  May  Congress  fix  the  boundaries  between  States? 

13.  Would  a  State  be  bound  to  obey  an  act  of  Congress 
dividing  its  territory? 

14.  May  Congress  determine  the  boundary  between  an 
old  State  and  one  just  admitted? 

15.  May   Congress    by   statute    transfer    territory   to    a 
foreign  nation? 

MARITIME  JURISDICTION. 

16.  Has  the  United  States  any  jurisdiction  at  sea  outside 
of  the  three-mile  limit  and  the  decks  of  her  vessels? 

17.  What  is  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  over 
enclosed  bays  like  Chesapeake  and  Long  Island  Sound? 

18.  Has  the  United  States  any  jurisdiction  in  Bering  Sea? 

19.  In  what  jurisdiction  are  the  Great  Lakes? 


418  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  247 

20.  Who  owns  the  bottom  of  the  sea  between  high  and 
low  water-mark? 

21.  Who  owns  the  bottom  of  the  sea  between  low  water 
mark  and  the  three-mile  limit? 

22.  May  the  United  States  forbid  Americans  to  fish  on 
the  Newfoundland  banks? 

23.  May  Congress  regulate  in-shore  fisheries  on  our  coasts? 

24.  Who  has  jurisdiction  over  the  malicious  cutting  of  a 
telegraph  cable  in  mid  ocean? 

25.  Is  the  wreck  of  a  foreign  ship  of  war  on   our   coast 
subject  to  Federal  jurisdiction? 

26.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  by  civilians  on  board 
foreign  ships  of  war  in  American  ports? 

27.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  committed  on  board 
foreign  merchant  vessels  in  American  ports? 

28.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  committed  on  board 
American  merchant  vessels  on  the  high  sea? 

29.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  committed  by  civ 
ilians  on  American  ships  of  war? 

SEAT     OF  GOVERNMENT. 

30.  Have  the  people  of  the  District  of  Colombia  a  right 
to  trial  by  jury? 

31.  May  Congress  withdraw  the  privilege  of  habeas  corpus 
from  the  people  of  the  District  of  Columbia  in  time  of  peace? 

32.  May  Congress  erect  the  District  of  Columbia  into  a 
territory? 

33.  Is,  a  divorce  granted  in  the  District  of  Columbia  valid 
in  Massachusetts? 

34.  May  Congress  prohibit  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
the  sale  of  sweat  shop  goods  made  in  a  State? 

35.  May  Congress  prohibit  persons  coming  from  Maryland 
to  the  District  of  Columbia? 

36.  May  an  insurance  company  chartered  in  the  District 
of  Columbia  claim  a  right  to  do  business  in  Massachusetts? 


§  247]  CONSTITUTIONAL  419 

37.  Are  the  authorities  of  the  District  of  Columbia  bound 
to  extradite  a  criminal  who  has. fled  from  Maryland? 

POSTS  AND  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

38.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  committed  in  United 
States  military  posts? 

39.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  offences  committed  in  United 
States  public  buildings? 

40.  May  Congress  construct  a  public  building  in  a  State 
contrary  to  the  will  of  that  State? 

41.  May  Congress  take   private    lands    in    States   to   be 
made  into  forest  reserves? 

42.  May  States  repeal  their  acts  granting  exclusive  juris 
diction  to  the  United  States  over  forts? 

43.  May  States  tax  buildings  rented  by  the  United  States? 

PUBLIC  LANDS. 

44.  Are  there  any  limitations  on  the  right  of  the  United 
States  to  dispose  of  public  lands? 

45.  May  Congress  recall  a  land  grant  once  made? 

46.  May  Congress  give  land  to  aliens? 

47.  May  States  tax  the  public  lands  within  their  limits? 

48.  May  the  United  States  grant  the  right  to  cut  timber 
on  government  lands  for  private  purposes? 

49.  May  Congress  annul  land  grants  made  in  the  Philip 
pines  by  previous  Spanish  authority? 

50.  May  the  United  States  lease  ungranted  lands  in  the 
Philippines  in  perpetuity? 

51.  May  Congress  grant  lands  for  purposes  for  which  it 
could  not  grant  money? 

52.  May  the  States  tax  municipal  parks? 

53.  May  the  State  tax  Federal  railroad  land  grants? 

INDIANS. 

54.  May  Congress  grant  Indian  lands  to  white  men  with 
out  the  consent  of  the  Indians? 


420  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§247 

55.  Have  Indians  any  rights  which  Congress  is  bound  to 
respect? 

56.  Can  a  crime  committed  by  an  Indian  on  an  Indian  on 
his  reservation  be  punished  by  a  United  States  court? 

57.  May  Indians  be  removed  from  their  reservations  with 
out  their  consent? 

58.  May  Congress  by  statute   compel   Indians  to  send 
their  children  to  school? 

59.  May  a  tribal  Indian  sue  in  a  United  States  court? 

60.  May  a  tribal  Indian  be  tried  for  murder  in  a  United 
States  court? 

61.  May  an  Indian  tribe  sue  another  Indian  tribe  in  the 
United  States  courts? 

62.  May  an  Indian  tribe  sue  a  State? 

TERRITORIAL  GOVERNMENT. 

63.  Is  the  Governor  of  Porto  Rico  an  "  officer  of  the 
United  States"  in  the  constitutional  sense? 

64.  May  Congress  adopt  the  laws  of  a  State  in  toto  for  a 
territory? 

65.  May  Congress  define  the  duties  of  a  Governor  of   a 
territory? 

66.  Can  territorial  officials  be  also  officers  of  the  United 
States? 

67.  May  an  officer  of  the  army  be  appointed  Governor  of 
a  territory? 

68.  May  Congress  tax  the  people  of  a  territory? 

69.  May  the  President  establish  a  military  government  in 
conquered  territory  previous  to  cession? 

70.  May  the  President  establish  a  military  government  in 
annexed  territory  previous  to  action  by  Congress? 

71.  May  the  President  establish  a  civil  government  in 
conquered  territory  previous  to  cession? 

72.  May  the  President  establish  a  civil  government  in. 
annexed  territory  previous  to  legislation  by  Congress? 


§  247]  CONSTITUTIONAL  421 

73.  May  Congress  authorize  the  President  to  establish  a 
territorial  government  according  to  his  discretion? 

74.  Has  the  United  States  constitutional  power  to  plant 
colonies? 

75.  May  Congress  establish  a  permanent  government  in 
the  Philippines,  in  which  there  shall  be  no  trial  by  jury? 

76.  May  Congress  create  a  territorial  government  for  Porto 
Rico  in  which  the  governor  shall  have  power  to  make  laws? 

77.  May  the  President  provide  a  permanent  civil  govern 
ment  for  the  Philippines? 

78.  May  Congress  create  a  permanent  military  govern 
ment  for  Porto  Rico? 

79.  May  Congress  pass  an  export  tax  law  applying  to  che 
Philippines? 

80.  May  Congress  grant  rights  of  self-government  to  a 
territory  equivalent  to  those  enjoyed  by  a  State? 

81.  May  the  United  States  place  the  Philippine  Islands 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Indian  Commissioners? 

82.  Does  the  Constitution  extend  to  the  organized  terri 
tories? 

83.  Are  the  people  of  conquered  territory  entitled  to  priv 
ileges  secured  under  the  Constitution? 

STATUS  OF  DEPENDENCIES. 

84.  Is  the  Constitution  the  " supreme  law  of  the  land" 
in  Hawaii? 

85.  May  Congress  establish  a  government  lottery  in  Porto 
Rico? 

86.  Had  Congress  power  to  prohibit  slavery  in  the  whole 
Louisiana  cession? 

87.  May   Congress   annul   the   charter   of   a   corporation 
granted  by  a  territorial  legislature? 

88.  May  Congress  constitutionally  confiscate  the  property 
of  a  corporation  in  a  territory? 

89.  May  Congress  make  sanitary  regulations  for  the  lepers 
in  Hawaii? 


422  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§247 

90.  May  Congress  establish  a  government  monopoly  of 
selling  tobacco  in  the  Philippines? 

91.  May  Congress  by  statute  compel  the  Porto  Ricans  to 
send  their  children  to  school? 

92.  May  Congress  forbid  cock-fighting  in  Porto  Rico? 

93.  May   Congress    prohibit    the    sale    of    liquor    in    a 
territory? 

94.  May  Congress  charter  a  special  bank  to  operate  in 
Porto  Rico? 

M 

y  TRADE  OF  DEPENDENCIES. 

^95.    May  the    commanding    general    establish  a  special 
tariff  for  conquered  territory  previous  to  cession? 

96.  May  the    commanding    general    establish  a  special 
tariff  in  conquered  territory  after  cession? 

97.  Does  an  annexed  territory  forthwith  come  under  the 
general  revenue  laws? 

98.  May   Congress    establish   a   special    tariff    for    the 
Philippines? 

99.  May  Congress  make  a  separate  tariff  for  Alaska? 

100.  May  States  tax  goods  imported  from  Porto  Rico? 

101.  May  duties  be  laid  on  imports  from  the  Philippines? 

102.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  people  of  Hawaii  from 
trading  with  foreign  countries? 

103.  May  Congress   prohibit   trade   Detween  the   Philip 
pines  and  foreign  nations? 

104.  May  foreign  vessels  carry  goods  from  New  York  to 
Manila? 

105.  May  Congress  prohibit  commerce  from  Porto  Rico 
to  the  Philippines? 

106.  May  Congress  prohibit  foreigners  from  emigrating  to 
the  Philippines  while  allowing  it  to  the  United  States? 

107.  May  a  State  refuse  to  admit  goods  imported  from 
Porto  Rico? 


§248]  CONSTITUTIONAL  423 

TAXATION  IN  DEPENDENCIES. 

108.  May  Congress  lay  a  special  license  tax  on  merchants 
doing  business  in  Manila? 

109.  May  the  real  estate   in  territories  be  taxed  by  a 
national  statute? 

110.  May  Congress  lay  taxes  in  the  States  expressly  to 
support  the  government  of  the  Philippines? 

111.  May  Congress  tax  the  Filipinos  for  the  support  of 
the  national  government? 

112.  May  Congress  lay  a  poll  tax  on  the  Filipinos? 

§  248.   Constitutional   Reports    on    Financial   Questions    (see 
Manual,  §§220,  221,222). 

FINANCIAL  SYSTEM. 

1.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  for  the  bureaus  in 
the  Navy  Department  for  more  than  two  years? 

2.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  for  navy  yards  five 
years  in  advance? 

•  3.    May  the  United  States  be  compelled  to  carry  out  a 
five-year  contract  for  supplying  bread  to  the  navy? 

4.  Does  unclaimed  salary  revert  to  the  Treasury? 

5.  May   the    United    States    lend   its    cash   balances    on 
interest? 

6.  Can  an  accounting  officer  of  the  United  States  be  com 
pelled  by  a  court  to  sign  a  warrant  for  the  payment  of 
money? 

7.  Can  a  claim  against  the  United  States  be  collected? 

8.  May  Congress  recall  an  appropriation  for  the  relief  of 
individuals,  before  it  is  paid  over? 

9.  Can  the  United  States  be  compelled  to  pay  the  interest 
on  its  debts? 

10.  Are  there  any  limitations  on  the  borrowing  power  of 
the  United  States? 


424  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§248 

11.  May  Congress  lower  the  rate  of  interest  on  govern 
ment  bonds  before  their  maturity? 

12.  May  Congress  vote  money  to  sustain  the  credit  of 
the    New    York    Clearing    House    Association    in    times    of 
financial  panic? 

RELATION  WITH  STATES. 

13.  Has  a  State  constitutional  power  to  forbid  the  collec 
tion  within  its  limits  of  an  unconstitutional  tax? 

14.  May  States  tax  corporations  created  by  the  United 
States? 

15.  May  Congress  return  to  the  States  money  once  col 
lected  from  them  in  taxes? 

16.  May  a  State  tax  the  incomes  of  United  States  officials? 

17.  May  the  States  tax  the  income  derived  from  govern 
ment  securities? 

18.  If  both  the  United  States  and  a  State  tax  the  same 
property,  which  comes  in  first? 

19.  May  Congress  distribute  surplus  revenue  among  the 
States? 

20.  Was  the  Distribution  Act  of  1837  constitutional? 

21.  Could  the  United  States  constitutionally  assume  the 
present  State  debts? 

22.  May  Congress  tax  the  property  of  cities? 

23.  May    States    pass    acts    punishing    counterfeiting    of 
United  States  securities? 

24.  Is  an  inspection  duty  on  meats  for  export  an  "export 
duty"? 

25.  May  Congress  lay  taxes  in  order  to  produce  a  surplus 
revenue  to  be  distributed  among  the  States? 

PRINCIPLES  OF  TAXATION. 

26.  Is  there  any  limit  on  the  purpose  of  taxation  by  the 
United  States? 

27.  Has  the  United  States  any  exclusive  power  of  taxa 
tion? 


§248]  CONSTITUTIONAL  425 

28.  May  Congress  lay  a  tax  on  imports  in  order  to  raise 
money  for  subsidies  to  American  vessels? 

29.  May  Congress  levy  a  special  tax  on  laborers  to  sup 
port  a  Department  of  Labor? 

30.  May  Congress  tax  individual  balances  on  deposit  in 
banks? 

31.  May  Congress  tax  liquor  dealers  in  States  in  which 
the  sale  of  liquor  is  forbidden? 

32.  May  the   United   States   tax  oleomargarine   on   the 
ground  that  it  is  unhealthful? 

33.  May  the  United  States  lay  a  tax  on  oleomargarine  in 
order  to  protect  the  producers  of  butter? 

34.  May  Congress  grant  a  bounty  to  producers  of  sweet 
potatoes? 

35.  May  Congress  grant  a  bounty  for  the  importation  of 
tea? 

36.  Was  the  sugar  bounty  of  1890  constitutional? 

INCOME  AND  LEGACY  TAXES. 

37.  Is  an  income  tax  a  direct  tax? 

38.  May  the  United  States  lay  a  special  tax  on  an  income 
derived  from  foreign  investments? 

39.  May  the   United   States  tax  the  incomes   of  State 
officials? 

40.  May  Congress  lay  a  tax  on  the  salaries  of  United 
States  officials? 

41.  May  Congress  lay  a  tax  on  incomes,  not  proportioned 
to  representation  in  Congress? 

42.  Was  the  income  tax  of  1894  constitutional? 

43.  May  Congress  establish  a  graduated  income  tax  — 
the  gross  amount  to  be  divided  among  the  States  in  propor 
tion  to  their  population? 

44.  May  the  United  States  lay  a  tax  on  the  incomes  of 
institutions  of  learning,  exempt  by  State  law? 

45.  May  Congress  tax  incomes  derived  from  land? 


426  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  248 

46.  Is  a  national  income  tax,  graduated  up  to  100  X  on 
the  largest  incomes,  constitutional? 

47.  May  the  United  States  tax  legacies? 

48.  May  the  United  States  lay  a  graduated  tax  on  legacies? 

49.  May  the  United  States  tax  legacies  to  institutions 
which  by  State  law  are  exempt  from  taxation? 

50.  May  the  United  States  tax  legacies  to  States? 

TARIFF. 

51.  May  the  United  States  forbid  the  importation  of  rice? 

52.  May  Congress  exact  a  tariff  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
protecting  American  industry? 

53.  May  Congress  lay  an  import  duty  so  high  as  to  be 
prohibitory? 

54.  May   Congress   make    duties    on    imports    from    one 
country  less  than  those  on  similar  imports  from  another 
country? 

55.  May  Congress  grant  to  individuals  the  privilege  of 
importing  goods  free  on  which  others  pay  duties? 

56.  May  Congress  forbid  the  importation  of  coffee? 

57.  May  Congress  permit  naval  officers  to  import  goods 
for  their  own  use  free  of  duty? 

58.  Do  American  ambassadors  have  the  right  to  bring 
goods  into  the  United  States  duty  free? 

59.  May  Congress  admit  goods  free  of  duty  in  American 
bottoms   while   charging   duty   on   importations   in  foreign 
bottoms? 

60.  May  Congress  lay  a  tariff  proportionately  lower  on 
large   quantities   than   on   smaller   quantities    of   the   same 
commodity? 

61.  May  Congress  grant  to  American  merchants  a  lower 
rate  of  duty  than  is  paid  by  alien  merchants? 

62.  May  Congress  remit  duties  on  goods  intended  for  a 
World's  Fair? 

63.  May  Congress  pass  acts  altering  the  duties  on  goods 
already  imported  and  in  bond? 


§  248]  CONSTITUTIONAL  427 

64.  Can  foreign  built  yachts,  the  property  of  American 
citizens,  come  into  an  American  port  without  the  payment 
of  duty? 

65.  May  Congress  lay  duties  on  materials  for  State  public 
buildings? 

66.  May  Congress  give  the  President  power  to  withdraw 
duties  on  imports? 

67.  May  a  State  tax  imported  goods? 

68.  Is  there  a  remedy  if  the  collector  assess  an  illegal 
rate  of  duty  on  imports? 

69.  May  Congress  authorize  the  custom  house  to  seize 
imported  goods  on  payment  of  the  declared  value? 

70.  May  Congress  require  importers  to  declare  the  cost  of 
manufacture  of  their  goods? 

71.  May  goods  once  imported  and  duty  paid  be  later 
seized  for  undervaluation? 

72.  What  is  the  legal  force  of  "treasury  regulations"  on 
the  tariff? 

73.  Who  decides  whether  the  classification  of  goods  for 
duty  by  a  collector  is  correct? 

74.  What  is  the  remedy  if  the  assessors  classify  imported 
goods  in  a  manner  not  contemplated  by  the  tariff  act? 

75.  Are  import  duties  a  lien  on  the  goods  on  which  they 
are  assessed? 

76.  May  a  tariff  be  altered  by  a  treaty? 

COINAGE  AND  CURRENCY. 

77.  May  the  United  States  make  its  notes  legal  tender 
to  individuals,  but  not  legal  tender  to  the  government? 

78.  May  Congress  make  platinum  coins  legal  tender? 

79.  May  Congress  make  the  notes  of  national  banks  legal 
tender? 

80.  May  Congress  make  its  bonds  legal  tender  at  par  and 
accrued  interest? 

81.  May  Congress  issue  legal  tender  notes  for  the  retire 
ment  of  interest-bearing  bonds? 


428  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§248 

82.  May  Congress  "coin"  paper-money? 

83.  May  Congress  declare  one  hundred  grains  to  be  the 
weight  of  a  ten-dollar  gold  piece? 

84.  May  Congress  compel  people  to  accept  silver  on  con 
tracts  specifically  calling   for  gold? 

85.  Is  the  United  States  bound  to  redeem  at  full  value 
coins  reduced  by  ordinary  abrasion? 

86.  May  Congress  increase  the  legal  weight  of  the  silver 
dollar,  and  then  refuse  to  receive  the  old  dollars  at  their 
face  value? 

87.  May  Congress  provide  for  lending  legal  tender  notes 
on  real  security? 

88.  May  Congress  make  silver  bullion  at  its  weight  legal 
tender  in  payment  of  debts? 

89.  Could   Congress   constitutionally   create   an   artificial 
standard  of  values  based  on  average  prices  of  staple  com 
modities? 

BANKS. 

90.  Had  the   Confederation   constitutional   authority  to 
charter  the  Bank  of  North  America? 

91.  Could  the  United  States  create  a  bank  in  which  it 
was  the  sole  stockholder? 

92.  Were  the  bills  of  the  first  United  States  Bank  bills 
of  credit? 

93.  Was  the  first  United  States  Bank  constitutional? 

94.  Was  the  second  United  States  Bank  constitutional? 

95.  Can    the    United    States    be    compelled    to    redeem 
national  bank  notes? 

96.  May  Congress  authorize  banks  of  issue  having  no 
other  security  for  notes  than  their  own  resources? 

97.  May  Congress  charter  a  bank  with  authority  to  do 
business  outside  the  United  States? 

98.  May  Congress  charter  a  bank  which  is  to  render  no 
service  to  the  government? 


§249]  CONSTITUTIONAL  429 

99.  May  the  United  States  give  to  national  banks  exclu 
sive  privileges  of  government  deposits? 

100.  May  Congress  establish  a  system  of  national  banks 
which  shall  have  a  monopoly  of  the  banking  business? 

101.  May  Congress  authorize  banks  to  issue  silver  dollars? 

102.  May  a  State  create  a  bank  of  issue  in  which  it  is  the 
sole  stockholder? 

103.  Could  Congress  prohibit  the  chartering  of  banks  by 
States? 

104.  May  a  State  tax  a  national  bank? 

105.  May  States  tax  national  bank  stock? 

106.  May    Congress    prohibit    the    circulation    of    paper 
money  other  than  national  bank  notes? 

107.  Is  the  tax  on  State  bank  notes  constitutional? 

108.  May  Congress  prohibit  State  banks  from  discounting 
commercial  paper? 

§  249.   Constitutional  Reports  on  Commercial  Questions    (see 
Manual,  §§119,  120,  143,  144,  161,  195,  224,  225,  296). 

RELATION  OF  STATES. 

1.  May  a  State  prohibit  the  importation  of  any  foreign 
commodity? 

2.  May  a  State  forbid  the  sale  of  goods  imported  from  a 
foreign  country? 

3.  May  the   States   levy   duties   on   vessels   engaged   in 
foreign  commerce? 

4.  May  States  regulate  interstate  commerce? 

5.  May  a  State  tax  transportation  corporations,  chartered 
by  the  United  States? 

6.  May  a  State  direct  through  interstate  trains  to  stop  at 
specified  stations? 

7.  May  a  State  regulate  the  conditions  of  the  passenger 
traffic  to  foreign  countries? 


430  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§249 


DEGREE  OF  REGULATION. 

8.  May  Congress  prohibit  all  exportation  of  goods? 

9.  May  Congress   assume    a    government    monopoly  of 
foreign  trade? 

10.  Is  the  slave  trade  piracy? 

11.  May  Congress  in  time  of  peace  forbid  American  vessels 
to  leave  port? 

12.  Could  the  United  States  lay  an  embargo  on  shipping 
in  specified  ports  while  allowing  trade  from  other  ports? 

13.  May  Congress  in  time  of  peace  exclude  the  merchant 
vessels  of  a  particular  nation  from  United  States  ports? 

14.  May  the  United  States  blockade  its  own  ports? 

15.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  importation  of  liquors? 

16.  May  Congress  regulate  rates  of  freight  to  and  from 
foreign  countries? 

17.  May  the  United  States  regulate  commerce  carried  on 
wholly  within  the  limits  of  a  State? 

18.  May  Congress  prohibit  commerce  from  State  to  State? 

IMMIGRATION. 

19.  May  the  United  States  prohibit  immigration  at  speci 
fied  posts? 

20.  May    Congress    forbid    immigration    from    specified 
countries? 

21.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  immigration  of  persons  of 
a  particular  race? 

22.  May  Congress  fix  a  property  qualification  for  immi 
grants? 

23.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  immigration  of  persons  not 
able  to  read  and  write? 

24.  May  Congress  by  statute  limit  to  a  fixed  number  the 
immigrants  to  be  annually  admitted? 

25.  May  Congress  forbid  the  immigration  of  Hawaiians 
into  California? 


§  249]  CONSTITUTIONAL  431 

26.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  immigration  of  Filipinos 
into  a  State? 

27.  Do  the  Chinese  immigration  laws  apply  to  the  Philip 
pines? 

28.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  emigration  of   American 
citizens? 

29.  May  Congress  forbid  persons  to  emigrate  from  the 
States  to  the  Philippines? 

30.  Have  the  States  any  power  to  prohibit  people  from 
leaving  the  State? 

31.  May  any  State  prohibit  the  immigration  of  foreign 
born  persons  coming  from  other  states? 

32.  Have  the  States  any  power  to  prevent  immigrants 
from  landing  at  a  seaport? 

33.  May  a   State   pass   an   act   similar  to   the   Contract 
Labor  Act? 

34.  May  a  State  prohibit  convicts  from  coming  in  from 
abroad? 

35.  May  a  State  prohibit  the  immigration  of  persons  un 
able  to  care  for  themselves? 

ENCOURAGEMENT  OF  SHIPPING. 

36.  May  Congress  grant  a  bounty  of  ten  dollars  per  ton 
displacement    for    the    construction    of    private    merchant 
steamers? 

37.  Is  a  national  bounty  to  fishermen  constitutional? 

38.  May  Congress  constitutionally  pay  a  subsidy  to  a 
steamship  line  except  for  carrying  the  mails? 

39.  May  Congress  pay  a  bounty  per  ton  of  goods  carried 
to  a  foreign  country  by  an  American  ship? 

40.  May  Congress  pay  a  bounty  to  foreign  ships  for  keep 
ing  up  a  service  from  San  Francisco  to  the  Philippines? 

41.  May  Congress  pay  a  bounty  to  American  lines  for 
keeping  up  a  service  from  New  York  to  Hawaii? 


432  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§249 

EXTERNAL  NAVIGATION. 

42.  May  Congress  regulate  the  sanitary  condition  of  for 
eign  vessels  leaving  United  States  ports? 

43.  May  Congress  compel  foreign  ships  to  provide  suit 
able  facilities  for  steerage  passengers? 

44.  May  Congress  regulate  commerce  through  health  laws? 
45   May  Congress  tax  vessels  to   keep  up  a  life-saving 

service? 

46.  May  Congress  give  American  built  ships  a  monopoly 
of  importing  goods? 

47.  May  Congress  deprive  an  American  ship  of  its  registry 
as  a  penalty  for  smuggling? 

48.  May  Congress  give  to  foreign  owned  vessels  the  privi 
lege  of  American  registry? 

49.  Could  the  United  States  constitutionally  prohibit  the 
carrying  of  freight  in  steamers? 

50.  May  Congress  provide  that  freight  shall  be  exported 
only  by  regular  lines  of  steamers,  not  by  "tramps"? 

51.  May  Congress  tax  vessels  for  the  support  of  a  weather 
bureau? 

52.  Could  the  United  States  establish  mid-ocean  stations 
for  information  and  aid  to  vessels? 

53.  Could  the  United  States  require  that  pilots  submit  to 
a  civil  service  examination? 

54.  May  Congress  grant  to  Spanish  vessels  privileges  in 
Philippine  ports  not  conferred  on  the  ships  of  other  powers? 

INTERNAL  NAVIGATION. 

55.  May  Congress  by  law  designate  rivers  as  navigable? 

56.  May  the  United  States  open  a  new  channe4  for  sea 
going  vessels  without  the  consent  of  the  State  in  which  the 
channel  lies? 

57.  May  the  United  States  close  a  navigable  river? 

58.  May  Congress  appropriate  public  money  to  protect 
private  property  from  the  wash  of  rivers? 


§  249]  CONSTITUTIONAL  433 

59.  May  the  Secretary  of  War  authorize  the  turning  of 
additional  Lake  Michigan  water  through  the  Calumet  Canal? 

60.  May  Congress  construct  irrigating  canals  within  the 
boundaries  of  States  without  their  consent? 

61.  Can  Congress  regulate  navigation  wholly  within  the 
boundary  of  a  State? 

62.  May    Congress    improve    the    navigation    of    a   river 
wholly  within  a  State  against  the  will  of  the  State? 

63.  May   Congress   prohibit   navigation   on   a   navigable 
river? 

64.  May  Congress  construct  a  canal  outside  United  States 
territory? 

65.  Was  the  Bonus  Bill  of  1816  constitutional? 

RAILROADS. 

66.  May  the  United  States  construct  and  operate  rail 
roads? 

67.  May  Congress  construct  a  railroad  which  lies  wholly 
within  one  State? 

68.  May   the    United    States    construct    railroads    to    be 
leased  to  corporation  for  operation? 

69.  May  Congress  provide  by  law  for  the  purchase  of  a 
railroad  for  public  use  without  the  consent  of  the  owners? 

70.  May  Congress  charter  railroads  without  the  consent 
of  the  States  through  which  they  run? 

71.  May    Congress    constitutionally   prohibit    pooling    of 
railway  earnings? 

72.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  consolidation  of  steamship 
companies? 

73.  May  Congress  regulate   the   wages   of  employees   of 
railroad  engaged  in  interstate  commerce? 

74.  May   Congress    by   statute    fix   maximum    rates   for 
overland  transportation  to  the  Pacific  coast? 

75.  May  Congress  fix  interstate  rates  on  land-grant  rail 
roads? 


434  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§249 


76.  May  Congress  regulate  the  operation  of  railroads? 

77.  May  Congress  require  railroads  chartered  by  States  to 
make  returns  to  a  national  commission? 

78.  Can   the    Interstate   Commerce   Commission    compel 
testimony? 

79.  May  Congress  by  statute  compel  railroad  managers  to 
answer  the  questions  put  by  a  non-judicial  commission? 

80.  May   Congress    grant    money   subsidies   to    railroads 
chartered  by  a  State? 

81.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  consolidation  of  railroads? 

82.  May  Congress  provide  for  the  examination  for  color 
blindness  of  engineers  on  railroads? 

83.  May  Congress  regulate  the  rate  of  speed  of  trains 
while  passing  through  cities? 

84.  May  Congress  regulate  the  management  of  sleeping 
cars? 

85.  May  Congress  fix  parlor-car  rates  of  excess  fare? 

86.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  carrying  of  explosives  on 
railroads? 

87.  May  Congress  tax  the  rolling-stock  of  railroads? 

88.  Ma"  Congress  pass  a  general  law  regulating  trolley 
lines? 

TRANSMISSION  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

89.  Can  the  United  States  oblige  anybody  to  carry  mail? 

90.  Could   Congress   provide   for   carrying   mails   free   of 
postage? 

91.  May  the  United  States  refuse  to  deliver  letters  to  the 
persons  addressed? 

92.  Could  Congress  constitutionally  have  prohibited  the 
carrying  of  abolition  publications  in  the  mails? 

93.  May  Congress  by  statute  direct  postmasters  to  deliver 
only  such  mail  as  is  authorized  by  State  statute? 

94.  May  the  United  States  provide  for  the  opening  of 
letters  in  transit  through  the  mails? 


§249]  CONSTITUTIONAL  435 

95.  May  States  establish  monopolies  of  express  business, 
within  their  limits? 

96.  May    Congress    forbid    express    companies    to    carry 
packages  weighing  less  than  four  pounds? 

97.  May  Congress  forbid  express  companies  to  carry  small 
packages  to  Porto  Rico? 

98.  May  the  United  States  set  up  a  single  telegraph  com 
bination  and  give  it  a  monopoly  of  the  business? 

99.  Can  Congress  provide  by  law  for  purchasing  existing 
telegraph  lines,  without  the  consent  of  the  owners? 

100.  May  Congress  make  the  telegraph  business  a  govern 
ment  monopoly? 

101.  May  Congress  fix  the  rates  for  telegrams? 

102.  May  Congress  compel  a  telegraph  company  to  fur 
nish  copies  of  telegrams  to  an  investigating  committee? 

103.  May  Congress  take  over  and  operate  the  telephone 
system  on  public  account? 

104.  May  a  State  in  any  way  tax  a  telegraph  or  express 
company  doing  interstate  business? 

105.  Could  the  United  States  constitutionally  construct 
a  submarine  cable  to  Europe? 

106.  May  a  State  compel  telegraph  companies  to  furnish 
copies  of  telegrams  as  evidence  in  law  suits? 

CORPORATIONS  AND  TRUSTS. 

107.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  organization  of  corpora 
tions  whose  purpose  is  to  monopolize  some  branch  of  trade? 

108.  May  Congress  annul  the  charter  of  a  corporation, 
created  by  it  without  reservation  of  the  right  to  annul? 

109.  Is  the  national  anti-trust  law  of  1890  constitutional? 

110.  Is  the  Elkins  law  constitutional? 

111.  May   Congress   make   the   formation   of   a   trust   a 
criminal  offence? 

112.  May  Congress  require  trusts  to  take  out  a  Federal 
license  as  a  condition  of  doing  business? 


436  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§249 

113.  May  Congress  forbid  manufacturers  to  combine  in 
incorporated  organizations? 

114.  May   Congress    require   trusts   to    publish   detailed 
financial  statements? 

115.  May  Congress  provide  that  no  tariff  duties  shall  be 
collected  on  goods  in  which  there  is  competition  by  trusts? 

SPECIAL  COMMERCIAL  POWERS. 

116.  May  Congress  regulate  fire  insurance? 

117.  May  Congress  regulate  life  insurance? 

118.  May  Congress  pass  usury  laws? 

119.  May  Congress  provide  for  the  granting  of  trade 
marks? 

120.  May  Congress  by  statute  provide  that  the  govern 
ment  may  use   all   inventions  hereafter   patented   without 
payment  to  the  inventors? 

121.  May  Congress  grant  to  foreigners  copyright  privi 
leges  not  enjoyed  by  citizens? 

122.  May  Congress  require  all  seekers  for  copyright  to 
give  the  government  the  right  to  reprint  without  payment 
for  the  convenience  of  government  officers? 

123.  May  Congress  grant  perpetual  copyrights? 

124.  May  Congress  authorize  copyright  on  musical  sounds 
(i.  e.,  give  exclusive  right  to  melodies  or  compositions)? 

125.  May  Congress  pass  a  retroactive  bankruptcy  act? 

126.  May  Congress  lay  taxes  on  arid  districts  for  the  con 
struction  of  irrigating  canals? 

127.  May  Congress  constitutionally  construct  a  system  of 
irrigating  canals? 

128.  May  States  pass  bankruptcy  acts  affecting  creditors 
outside  the  State? 

129.  May  Congress  fix  penalties  for  fraudulent  bankrupt 
cies  applying  to  bankruptcies  declared  previous  to  the  act? 

130.  Could  the  United  States  take  upon  itself  the  monop 
oly  of  manufacturing  whiskey? 


§  250]  CONSTITUTIONAL  437 

131.  Would  a  prohibition  of  the  manufacture  of  oleomar 
garine  be  constitutional? 

132.  May   Congress   compel   merchants   to   exhibit   their 
books  to  census  enumerators? 

133.  May  Congress  by  statute  compel  people  to  answer 
the  questions  of  census  takers  as  to  their  age? 

§  250.   Constitutional  Reports  on  War  Powers  (see  Manual, 
§§  159,  185). 

DECLARATION  OF  WAR. 

1.  Can  a  President  make  war  without  a  declaraton  of  war? 

2.  May  Congress  by  joint  resolution  direct  the  President 
tp  oppose  by  force  the  action  of  a  foreign  power? 

3.  May  the  President  in  time  of  peace  send  troops  out 
side  the  borders  of  the  United  States? 

4.  May  the  President  authorize  a  ship  of  war  to  capture  a 
foreign  merchant  ship  in  time  of  peace? 

5.  May  a  United  States  naval  vessel  capture  a  neutral 
merchant  ship  in  time  of  war,  if  bound  to  a  neutral  port? 

MILITIA. 

6.  Are  the  States  bound   to  furnish   militia  when  called 
upon? 

7.  Has  a  State  a  right  to  raise  troops  in  time  of  war? 

8.  Are  militia  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  in  any 
way  subject  to  the  authority  of  their  Governor? 

9.  May  a  President  call  out  militia  to  invade  a  neighbor 
ing  country? 

10.  May  a  State  refuse  to  allow  the  militia  of  another 
State  to  enter  its  borders? 

11.  May  a  militiaman  resign  while  in  actual  service? 

COMMAND. 

12.  Are  there  any  restrictions  on  the  President's   powers 
as  Commander-in-Chief? 


438  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§250 

13.  May  the  President  delegate  his  power  of  commander- 
in-chief? 

14.  May  Congress  vest  the  command  of  the  army  in  any 
other  person  than  the  President? 

15.  Are  West  Point  cadets  officers  of  the  United  States? 

16.  Has  a  Naval  cadet  a  right  to  an  appointment  in  the 
navy? 

17.  May  Congress  by  statute  limit  all  appointments  above 
second  lieutenant  to  persons  promoted  from  grade  to  grade? 

18.  Is  a  military  officer  bound  to  obey  every  order  of  the 
President? 

MARTIAL  LAW. 

19.  May  martial  law  be  declared  in  parts  of  the  country 
where  there  is  no  war? 

20.  May  Congress  release  soldiers  from  the  jurisdiction  of 
State  courts  in  cases  of  alleged  murder  ? 

21.  May  a  civilian  be  court  martialed? 

22.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  a  murder  committed  by  a 
soldier  in  time  of  war? 

23.  What  is  the  tribunal  for  a  murder  committed  by  a 
soldier  in  the  streets  of  New  York  in  time  of  peace? 

24.  Have  the  civil  courts  any  jurisdiction  after  the  decla 
ration  of  martial  law? 

MISCELLANEOUS  WAR  POWERS. 

25.  May  Congress  establish  factories  of  armor  plate? 

26.  May  a  State  quarantine  a  United  States  naval  vessel? 

27.  Can  the  United  States  take  merchant  vessels  into  the 
navy  without  the  consent  of  the  owners? 

28.  May  the  property  of  individuals  be  confiscated,  as  a 
war  measure? 

29.  May  the  United  States  seize  private  property  of  its 
citizens  in  time  of  war  without  later  compensation? 

30.  Can   Congress   constitutionally   discontinue   pensions 
once  granted? 


§  251]  CONSTITUTIONAL  439 

31.  May  Congress  constitutionally  diminish  pensions  once 
granted? 

32.  Would  it  be  constitutional  to  pension  self-supporting 
children  of  old  soldiers? 

33.  May  the  United  States  in  time  of  war  seize  an  enemy's 
goods  on  board  a  neutral  vessel? 

§  251.    Constitutional    Reports    on    Foreign    Relations     (see 

Manual,    §§64-86,   121,    122,    145,   166-195,   226,   297). 

REPRESENTATION. 

1.  May  Congress  by  joint  resolution  recognize  the  bellig 
erency  of  insurgents  in  other  countries? 

2.  Has  Congress  a  constitutional  right  to  recognize  the 
independence  of  a  country? 

3.  May  the  President  appoint  foreign  envoys,  without  pro 
vision  by  Congress  for  their  salaries? 

4.  May  the  President  appoint  military  or  naval  officers  as 
ministers  to  foreign  countries? 

5.  May  an  envoy  of  the  United  States  be  punished  for 
revealing  diplomatic  secrets? 

6.  Is  an  American  citizen  who  acts  as  Consul  for  a  for 
eign  power  in  the  United  States  thereby  relieved  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  our  courts? 

7.  Could  the  United  States  by  statute  agree  to  a  perma 
nent  court  of  international  arbitration? 

8.  Is  an  ambassador  bound  to  obey  an  order  of  the  Sec 
retary  of  State? 

9.  May  a  foreign  minister  in  Washington  claim  a  personal 
conference  with  the  President? 

TREATIES. 

10.  Has  the  Senate  a  right  to  be  consulted  before  the 
beginning  of  a  negotiation? 

11.  May  the  President  withdraw  a  treaty  once  sent  to 
the  Senate  for  ratification? 


440  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§251 

12.  May  the  President  with  the  consent  of  two-thirds  of 
the  Senate  declare  a  treaty  abrogated? 

13.  May  the  House  of  Representatives  refuse  appropria 
tions  necessary  to  carry  out  a  treaty? 

14.  May  the  House  require  the  President  to  submit  papers 
bearing  on  commercial  treaties? 

15.  May  a  treaty  be  superseded  by  a  statute? 

16.  May  a  statute  be  superseded  by  a  treaty? 

17.  May  the  Interstate  Commerce  Act  be  altered  by  a 
treaty? 

18.  May  Congress  appropriate  to  other  purposes  sums 
awarded  by  arbitration  in  satisfaction  of  private  claims? 

19.  May  a  State  be  compelled  to  observe  the  provisions 
of  a  Federal  treaty? 

20.  May  the  United  States  by  treaty  abandon  just  claims 
of  merchants   against   foreign   governments,   without   com 
pensation? 

21.  May   a   treaty   grant   to   a   foreigner   privileges   not 
enjoyed  by  American  citizens? 

MONROE  DOCTRINE. 

22.  Would  a  voluntary  transfer  of  Cuba  to  France  by  the 
Cubans  be  a  violation  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine? 

23.  Does  the  Monroe  Doctrine  apply  to  the  west  coast  of 
South  America? 

24.  Does  the  Monroe  Doctrine  apply  to  Patagonia? 

25.  Does  the  Monroe  Doctrine  apply  to  the  West  Indies? 

26.  Would  the  cession  of  Dutch  Guiana  to  England  be  a 
violation  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine? 

§  252.   Constitutional  Reports  on    the   General  Welfare  (see 
Manual,    §§  123,   124,   148,  228,  229). 

GENERAL  WELFARE. 

1.    May  Congress  expend  money  for  every  purpose  which 
is  for  the  "general  welfare"? 


§  252]  CONSTITUTIONAL  441 

2.  May  Congress  charter  a  telephone  company  on  the 
ground  that  it  is  for  the  general  welfare? 

3.  Is  there  constitutional  ground  for  Hamilton's  theory 
of  " resulting  powers"? 

4.  Would  the  powers  of  Congress  be  diminished  if  the 
"necessary  and  proper"  clause  were  excised  from  the  Con 
stitution? 

5.  Is  Congress  bound  to  exercise  only  such  powers  as 
were  intended  by  the  frame rs  of  the  Constitution? 

6.  May  Congress  impair  the  obligations  of  contracts? 

7.  May  Congress  pass  stay  and  tender  acts? 

8.  May  Congress  deprive  persons  of  property  without  due 
process  of  law? 

AID  TO  THE  DISTRESSED. 

9.  May  Congress  grant  money  for  the  relief  of  distressed 
Americans  abroad? 

10.  May  Congress  vote  money  as  a  gift  to  a  foreigner 
resident  abroad? 

11.  May    Congress    vote    grants    of    money    to    Russian 
refugees? 

12.  May  Congress  vote  money  to  Americans  whose  prop 
erty  has  been  destroyed  by  Boxers? 

13.  May  Congress  constitutionally  grant  money  for  the 
aid  of  sufferers  from  grasshoppers? 

14.  May  Congress  distribute  flowering  plants  to  private 
persons? 

15.  May  Congress   appropriate   money  for  the   relief  of 
destitute  farmers? 

16.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  for  persons  made 
destitute  by  fire  or  flood? 

17.  May  Congress  constitutionally  appropriate  money  to 
be  spent  in  causing  rain  storms? 

18.  May  Congress  distribute  seeds  to  individuals? 


442  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§252 

PUBLIC  MORALS. 

19.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  manufacture  of  liquor? 

20.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  sale  of  liquor? 

21.  May  a  State  forbid  the  sale  of  liquor  brought  from 
another  State? 

22.  May  a  State  forbid  the  sale  of  liquor  imported  from 
other  States  in  original  packages? 

23.  May  Congress  establish  a  government  monopoly  of 
the  liquor  business  in  the  District  of  Columbia? 

24.  May  Congress  constitutionally  forbid  the  transporta 
tion  of  liquor  from  one  State  to  another? 

25.  May  Congress  grant  money  to  establish  model  farms 
for  the  reception  of  people  from  city  slums? 

26.  May  Congress  prohibit  the  insertion  of  immoral  ad 
vertisements  in  newspapers? 

27.  Is  a  State  charter  of  a  lottery  company  a  contract? 

28.  Could  Congress  authorize  a  lottery  with  the  right  to 
sell  tickets  in  the  States? 

29.  May  Congress  by  statute  prohibit  the  use  of  tobacco? 

30.  May  Congress  prohibit  football? 

LABOR. 

31.  May    Congress    prescribe    uniform    hours    of    labor 
throughout  the  United  States? 

32.  May  Congress  prescribe  a  six-hour  day  on  contract 
work  for  the  government? 

33.  May  Congress  constitutionally  pass  a  general  eight- 
hour  law? 

34.  May  Congress  enact  an  eight-hour  day  for  all  the  rail 
road  men  engaged  in  interstate  commerce? 

35.  May   Congress   prohibit   laborers   from   entering   the 
country  on  the  ground  that  they  will  accept  wages  lower 
than  the  Union  scale? 

36.  May  Congress  prescribe  the  minimum  rate  of  wages 
which  laborers  shall  accept? 


§  252]  CONSTITUTIONAL  443 

37.  May  Congress  establish  a  judicial  tribunal  with  power 
to  decide  cases  arising  between  master  and  workman? 

38.  May  Congress  require  factory  owners  to  compensate 
employees  for  injuries? 

39.  May  Congress  direct  that  no  government  supplies  be 
bought  unless  made  by  American  citizens? 

BUSINESS. 

40.  Might  the  United  States  assume  the  monopoly  of 
manufacturing  and  selling  liquors? 

41.  Might  Congress  carry  on  gold-mining  in  Alaska  as  a 
government  monopoly? 

42.  May  Congress  regulate  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder 
as  a  monopoly? 

43.  May  Congress  grant  public  lands  for  the  endowment 
of  private  steel  works? 

44.  May  Congress  grant  a  bounty  for  the  production  of 
silver? 

45.  May  Congress  establish  government  factories  to  manu 
facture  for  the  regular  market? 

46.  May  Congress  regulate  the  methods  of  mining  copper? 

47.  May  Congress   regulate  the  manufacture   of  cotton 
goods? 

EDUCATION. 

48.  May  the  United  States  establish  a  national  university 
supported  by  public  taxation? 

49.  May  the  United  States  appropriate  money  for  the 
support  of  State  universities? 

50.  May  the  United  States  appropriate  money  for  primary 
education  in  the  States? 

51.  May  Congress  construct  buildings  for  State  univer 
sities? 

52.  May  the  United  States  appropriate  money  to  support 
agricultural  colleges  in  the  States? 


444  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§252 

53.  Is  the  United  States  grant  for  experiment  stations 
constitutional? 

54.  May  Congress  pay  the  salaries  of  United  States  mili 
tary  officers  wholly  engaged  in  teaching  the  art  of  war  in 
Yale  University? 

55.  May  Congress  by  statute  oblige  a  State  to  educate  its 
children? 

56.  May  Congress  grant  pensions  to  authors  in  token  of 
their  literary  distinctions? 

57.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  for  prizes  to  in 
ventors? 

58.  Is  the  charter  of  the  American  Historical  Association 
a  contract? 

59.  May  the   United   States  erect   model   farms   at  the 
public  expense? 

RELIGION. 

60.  May  Congress  by  statute  forbid  the  religious  service 
of  a  particular  church? 

61.  May  Congress  grant  public  land  in  aid  of  religious 
worship? 

62.  Would  an  act  that  the  Chaplains  of  the  House  and 
Senate  be  always  members  of  the  Episcopal  Church  be  an 
"establishment  of  religion"? 

63.  May  Congress  by  statute  direct  that  chaplains  of  the 
army  shall  be  clergymen  of  a  particular  church? 

64.  May  a  State  restrict  public  officers  to  adherents  of  a 
particular  religious  body? 

65.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  out  of  local  taxes 
for  the  support  of  the  Catholic  Church  in  the  Philippines? 

66.  May  Congress  support   the  Catholic  Church  in  the 
Philippines  out  of  the  proceeds  of  local  taxes  laid  on  the 
people  of  the  States? 

67.  May  Congress  abolish  the  monastries  in  the  Philip 
pines? 


§252]  CONSTITUTIONAL  445 

68.  May  Congress  confiscate  the  property  of  a  religious 
society? 

69.  May  Congress  forbid  the  public  services  of  the  Mor 
mon  Church? 

70.  May  Congress  appropriate  money  for  the  construction 
of  churches  in  the  District  of  Columbia? 

71.  May  any  State  in  the  Union  support  all  the  clergy  of 
the  state  out  of  the  proceeds  of  public  taxes? 

(see  Manual,  §§  229,  299). 

RESISTANCE. 

72.  Is  the  forcible  taking  of  arms  out  of  a  United  States 
arsenal  an  act  of  treason? 

73.  Is  it  treason  to  muster  men  with  a  view  to  attack 
the  United  States? 

74.  May  Congress  make  conspiracy  with  no  overt  act  a 
crime? 

75.  Who  decides  whether  or  no  there  is  "  rebellion  or  in 
vasion"? 

76.  Is  resistance  to  the  revenue  officers  a  levying  of  war 
on  the  United  States? 

77.  Is  it  treason  to  resist  United  States  troops  who  are 
putting  down  a  strike? 

78.  Is  the  assassination  of  a  President  in  time  of  war  an 
act  of  treason? 

MEANS  OF  ENFORCEMENT. 

79.  May  Congress  prescribe  in  what  part  of  the  country 
the  army  shall  be  used? 

80.  May  vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy  be  used  to 
keep  order  in  case  of  rebellion  or  insurrection? 

81.  May  naval  forces  be  used  to  put  down  a  strike? 

82.  May  troops  be  used  as  a  posse  comitatus? 

83.  May  the  President  direct  United  States  regular  troops 
to  enforce  a  State  statute? 


446  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§252 

84.  May  United  States  troops  be  used  to  execute  the 
orders  of  a  court? 

85.  May  martial  law  be  now  constitutionally  declared  in 
Manila? 

86.  May  the  President  in  time  of  foreign  war  declare 
martial  law  at  home? 

87.  Can  the  United  States  protect  foreigners  from  mob 
violence  in  the  States? 

PENALTIES. 

88.  May  the  President  suppress  an  insurrection  against 
State  authority  without  the  request  of  the  State? 

89.  May  persons  be  tried  by  military  commissions  in  dis 
tricts  far  removed  from  the  seat  of  war? 

90.  May  Congress  confiscate  the  property  of  insurgents? 

91.  May  the  United   States  legally  confiscate   property 
of  persons  who  have  not  been  in  arms  against  the  govern 
ment? 

92.  May  Congress   provide   for   the   confiscation   of  the 
property  of  Filipino  insurgents? 

93.  May  Congress  disqualify  insurgents   or  rebels   from 
voting? 

94.  May  a  United  States  court  punish  a  man  for  con 
tempt  who  has  committed  a  crime  defined  by  statute? 

95.  Were   the   signers   of   secession    ordinances   of    1861 
thereby  guilty  of  treason? 

§  253.   Methods  of  Library  Reports  on  Slavery. 

OBJECT.  The  purpose  of  this  report  is  to  make  the 
student  acquainted  with  slavery  in  actual  practice,  as  a 
social  and  economic  institution:  and  at  the  same  time  to 
make  him  familiar  with  the  literature  of  the  subject. 

SCOPE.  Each  student  has  assigned  to  him  some  phase 
or  event  in  the  history  or  workings  of  slavery;  on  this  sub 
ject  he  is  to  write  a  condensed  narrative,  freely  introducing 
quotations  from  books  or  other  authorities. 


§254]  SLAVERY  447 

§  254.   Materials  for  Library  Reports  on  Slavery. 

METHODS.  A  careful  use  of  classified  library  catalogues, 
of  the  indexes  and  tables  of  contents  of  books,  and  of  the 
special  chapters  upon  the  subject  in  the  standard  histories 
is  essential.  Students  who  have  family  or  other  connec 
tions  in  the  South,  or  among  old  abolitionists,  are  also 
advised  to  write  to  people  who  are  likely  to  have  some  per 
sonal  knowledge  of  the  subject  which  they  are  studying, 
and  to  ask  for  information  at  first  hand.  All  material  ought 
to  be  classified  and  the  results  stated  in  a  logical  form. 

AUTHORITIES.  Special  bibliographies  in  A.  B.  Hart, 
Slavery  and  Abolition  (Am.  Nation,  XXVI),  ch.  xxii;  Guide, 
§§  148,  152,  161,  186-189,  214;  in  Manual,  §§  28,  99,  100, 
150,  155,  286;  Justin  Winsor,  Narrative  and  Critical  His 
tory  of  America,  VII,  323-326:  Marion  G.  McDougall,  Fugi 
tive  Slaves;  W.  H.  Siebert,  Underground  Railroad  (consult 
all  the  footnotes  to  H.  Von  Hoist,  Constitutional  Hist.; 
J.  F.  Rhodes,  Hist,  of  the  U.  S.;  J.  C.  Kurd,  Law  of  Freedom 
and  Bondage;  Mary  G.  Tremain,  Slavery  in  the  District  of 
Columbia;  Jeffrey  R.  Brackett,  The  Negro  in  Maryland; 
Mary  E.  Locke,  Anti-Slavery  in  America;  W.  E.  B.  DuBois, 
Suppression  of  the  African  Slave  Trade. 

The  principal  books  describing  slavery  and  the  South  in 
slavery  times  will  be  found  in  the  college  reserved  libraries, 
with  some  duplicates  in  the  Evans  Library.  The  library  of 
Radcliffe  College  has  an  excellent  set  of  books  of  this  kind. 
The  Boston  Public  Library  is  also  rich  in  slavery  and  anti- 
slavery  literature. 

For  students  who  desire  to  go  very  deeply  into  the  sub 
ject  permission  may,  in  some  cases,  be  had  to  use  the  rare 
slavery  tracts  presented  to  the  College  Library  by  Thomas 
W.  Higginson  and  by  Charles  Sumner. 

The  following  list  of  subjects  is  meant  to  furnish  opportu 
nity  for  brief  investigations  of  questions  of  fact  with  refer 
ence  to  the  conditions  and  legal  status  of  slavery,  and  of 


448  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§254 

the  anti-slavery  and  abolition  movements.     For  the  mate 
rials  on  the  subject,  see  Manual,  §  253. 

§  255.   Reports  on  the  Genesis  of  Slavery  in  America. 

ENGLISH  SLAVERY. 

1.  Anglo-Saxon  slavery. 

2.  Chattel  slavery  in  England  after  the  Norman  conquest. 

3.  Villeinage  in  England. 

4.  Instances  of  negro  slaves  in  England  prior  to  1600. 

5.  Sale  of  prisoners  of  war  by  the  English  as  slaves  for 
life  in  the  seventeenth  century. 

6.  Englishmen  held  as  galley  slaves  by  the  Spaniards. 

7.  Englishmen  held  as  slaves  by  the  Barbary  pirates. 

8.  Cases  of  Englishmen  kidnapped  and  sold  as  life  slaves 
to  a  colony. 

9.  Facts  of  the  Somerset  case  (1727). 

10.  Extent  of  the  Somerset  decision  (1772). 

11.  The  case  of  the  slave  Grace. 

COLONIAL  SLAVERY. 

12.  Memorials  of  former  slavery  now  existing  in  some  one 
of  the   New   England   States    (slave   quarters,   slave   pews, 
buildings  put  up  by  slave  labor,  etc.). 

13.  Existing  memorials   of  slavery  in  some   one  of  the 
Middle  States. 

14.  Instances  of  slaves   in   one  of  the   following   seven 
teenth    century    colonies,    no    longer    separately   existing: 
(a)  Plymouth.  —  (&)  New  Haven.  —  (c)  West  Jersey. 

15.  Statute   against   slavery,  and    practice   under  it   in: 
(a)  Rhode  Island.  —  (b]  Massachusetts. 

16.  Evidence  that  baptism  was  looked  upon  as  setting 
slaves  free. 

17.  Colonial    slavery    in    one    of    the    following    places: 
(a)  Boston.  —  (b)  Newport.  —  (c)  Cambridge.  —  (d)  Ports- 


§255]  SLAVERY  449 

mouth.  —  (e)  Salem.  —  (/)  New  London.  —  (g)  Providence. 

—  (h)    Bristol.  —  (i)    Hartford.  —  (/)    New    Haven.  —  (k) 
New  York.  —  (Z)  Burlington  (N.  J.).  —  (ra)   Albany.  —  (n) 
Philadelphia.  —  (o)    Lancaster.  —  (p)    Williamsburg.  —  (q) 
Frederick  (Va.).  —  (r)  Charleston.  —  (s)  Savannah. 

18.  Existing  memorials  of  slavery  in  some  one  of  the 
following  places:  (a)  Boston. —  (6)  Providence.  —  (c)  New 
port.  — -  (d)  New  York.  —  (e)  Philadelphia.  —  (/)  Baltimore. 

—  (g)  Washington. 

19.  Instances  of  Indian  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  early 
colonies? 

20.  Slave  codes  in  some  one  of  the  thirteen  English  colo 
nies  on  the  Continent. 

21.  Treatment   of   slaves   in   some   one   of   the   thirteen 
colonies. 

22.  Instances  of  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  English  con 
tinental    colonies:    (a)   Quebec.  —  (b)    Nova    Scotia.  —  (c) 
Cape  Breton.  —  (d)  East  Florida.  —  (e)  West  Florida.  —  (/) 
Hudson  Bay. 

23.  Slave  trade  in  the  English  West  Indies. 

24.  Literary  career  of  Phillis  Wheatley. 

25.  Sale  of  slaves  from  the  British  West  Indies  to  the 
British  continental  colonies. 

26.  Colonial  attempts  to  prohibit  the  slave-trade. 

27.  White   indentured   servants   in   one   of   the   English 
colonies. 

28.  Instances  of  white  people  held  as  slaves  by  Indians. 

29.  Instances  of  negro  slaves  held  by  Indians. 

30.  Negro  slavery  in  some  one  of  the  neighboring  coun 
tries:    (a)   Brazil. —  (6)   Hayti.  —  (c)  Sandwich  Islands. — 
(d)  Cuba.  —  (e}  Louisiana  before  1803.  —  (/)  French  in  the 
Northwest  before  1778.  —  (g)  Mexico.  —  (h)  New  Granada. 

—  (i)    Martinique.  —  (/)    Barbadoes.  —  (k)    Jamaica.  —  (I) 
St.  Kitts.  —  (m)  Trinidad.  —  (n)  Dutch  Guiana. 


450  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§256 

§  256.   Reports  on  the  Master  Race. 

SOCIAL  STATUS  OF  SLAVE-HOLDERS. 

1.  Average  number  of  slaves  to  an  owner. 

2.  Instances  of  very  large  slave-holders. 

3.  Instances  of  owners  of  a  single  slave. 

4.  Instances  showing  the  social  prestige  of  slave-holding 
in  the  United  States. 

5.  Migrations  of  planters  with  their  slaves. 

6.  Absenteeism  of  Southern  planters. 

7.  Instances   of  slave-holders  who  became  anti-slavery 
men. 

8.  Instances  of  cruel  slave-holders. 

9.  Representation  of  slave  property  in  the  apportion 
ment  for  Southern  legislatures. 

TYPES  OF  SLAVE-HOLDERS. 

10.  Instances  of  Northern-born  slave-holders. 

11.  Instances  of  slave-holding  Quakers. 

12.  Instances  of  foreign-born  slave-holders. 

13.  Instances  of  slaves  owned  by  lawyers. 

14.  Instances  of  slaves  owned  by  doctors. 

15.  Instances  of  slaves  owned  by  college  professors. 

16.  Instances  of  slaves  owned  by  ministers. 

17.  Instances  of  slaves  held  as  a  source  of  income  by 
philanthropic  societies. 

18.  Instances  of  slaves  held  as  an  investment  and  hired 

out. 

19.  Instances  of  slaves  owned  by  railroads. 

20.  An  account  of  the  worst  slavef-holder  that  you  can 

find. 

21.  An  account  of  the  best  slave-holder  that  you  can  find. 

22.  The   management   of   his   plantation   and   slaves  by 
some  one  of  the  following  slave-holders:  (a)  George  Wash 
ington.  —  (&)   Thomas  Jefferson.  —  (c)   James  Madison.  — 


§257]  SLAVERY  451 

(d)  James  Monroe.  —  (e)  Andrew  Jackson.  —  (/)  James  K. 
Polk.  —  (g)  John  Tyler.  —  (h)  Zachary  Taylor. 

23.  Management  of  his  plantation  and  slaves  by  some 
one  of   the   following  slave-holders:    (a)   Patrick   Henry. — 
(6)  Charles  Carroll.  —  (c)  John  Randolph.  —  (d)  J.  C.  Cal- 
houn.  —  (e}  Henry  Clay.  —  (/)  Robert  Toombs.  —  (g)  Jef 
ferson  Davis.  —  (h)  A.  H.  Stephens. 

MIDDLE  CLASS. 

24.  Charleston  merchants. 

25.  Agents  of  foreign  concerns  in  New  Orleans. 

26.  Professional  men,  not  slave-holders  in  the  South. 

27.  Store-keepers  in  the  South  before  the  war. 

28.  Travelling  salesmen  in  the  South  before  1861. 

29.  Northern  men  as  college  presidents  in  the  South. 

POOR  WHITES. 

30.  Effect  of  slavery  on  the  poor  whites. 

31.  Contemporary  accounts  of  the  poor  whites. 

32.  Instances  of  poor  whites  who  became  large  slave 
holders. 

33.  Why  were  there  so  few  slave-holders  in  the  Tennesee 
mountains? 

34.  Feeling  of  the  poor  whites  toward  their  slave-holding 
neighbors. 

35.  Instances  of  hired  white  laborers  on  slave  plantations. 

36.  White  factory  hands  before  1861. 

37.  Instances  of  Northern  men  used  as  overseers. 

38.  Extracts  showing  Southern  opinion  of  overseers. 

§  257.   Reports  on  Free  Negroes. 

SOCIAL  STATUS  OF  FREE  NEGROES. 

1.  Instances  of  prosperous  freed  slaves. 

2.  Instances  of  contented  free  negroes  in  the  South. 


452  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  257 

3.  Instances  of  trusted  and  honored  free  negroes  in  the 
South. 

4.  Instances  of  unhappy  free  negroes  in  the  South. 

5.  Were   the  free   negroes   in  slavery   times   a  criminal 
class? 

6.  Status  of  free  negroes  who  were  married  to  slaves. 

7.  Negroes  in  the  New- York  draft  riots. 

8.  Is  the  field  negro  to-day  better  off  than  in    slavery 
times? 

9.  Free  negroes  in  some  one  Northern  state. 

STATUS  OF  FREE  NEGROES  AS  TO  CITIZENSHIP. 

10.  Legal  status  of  free  negroes  in  some  one  of  the  fifteen 
slave-holding  States. 

11.  "Black   laws"   in   one  of  the  following   States:    (a) 
Illinois.  —  (b)  Ohio.  —  (c)  Indiana.  —  (d)  Pennsylvania. 

12.  Treatment  of  negro  convicts  in  slavery  times. 

13.  Laws  relating  to  negro  testimony. 

14.  Instances  of  naturalization  of  negroes  before  1861. 

15.  Instances  of  negroes  voting  in  Northern  States  before 
1861. 

16.  Instances  of  negroes  voting  in  Southern  States  before 
1867. 

17.  Status  of  free  negroes  who  went  to  foreign  countries 

BANISHMENT. 

18.  Laws  requiring  manumitted  slaves  to  leave  the  State. 

19.  Instances  of  forced  removals  of  manumitted  slaves. 

20.  Statutes  of  free  States  prohibiting  the  entrance  of 
free  negroes. 

21.  Southern  laws  forbidding  free  negroes  from  entering  a 
State. 

22.  Slaves  set  free  by  Southern  courts  because  once  taken 
by  their  masters  to  free  States. 


257]  SLAVERY  453 


NEGRO  SOLDIERS. 

23.  Free  negroes  as  soldiers  in  one  of  the  following  epochs: 
(a)   Intercolonial  wars,  1689-1763.  —  (6)   Revolution.  —  (c) 
War  of  1812.  —  (d)  Mexican  War.  —  (e)  Indian  Wars  (1789- 
1861). 

24.  Negroes  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  forces. 

25.  Free  negroes  as  enlisted  sailors  in  one  of  the  follow 
ing    epochs:    (a)    Intercolonial    wars. —  (6)    Revolution. — 
(c)  War  of  1812.  —  (d)  Mexican  War. 

26.  Slaves  in  one  of  the  thirteen  States  as  soldiers  during 
the  Revolution. 

27.  Negroes  in  Massachusetts  regiments  during  the  Civil 
War. 

28.  Jackson's  proclamation  to  free  negroes. 

NEGRO  AND  INDIAN  SLAVE-HOLDERS. 

29.  Fugitive  slaves  harbored  by  Indians/ 

30.  Instances  of  Indians  holding  slaves  in  the  Northwest. 

31.  Slaves  of  the  Seminoles. 

32.  Instances  of  slaves  held  by  Indians  in  the  Southwest. 

33.  Instances  of  slaves  held  by  Indians  in  the  far  West. 

34.  Negro  slave-holders. 

35.  Families  releasing  the  slaves  of  their  negro  fathers. 

NEGRO  COLONIES. 

36.  An  account  of  the  American  Colonization  Society. 

37.  Contemporary  feeling  in  regard  to  the  founding  of 
the  American  Colonization  Society. 

38.  Number  of  negroes  sent  to  Africa  for  colonization, 
1815-1861. 

39.  Account   of  experiences   of   a   party   of   colonists   in 
Liberia. 

40.  Instances  of  slaves  deported  to  Africa,  after  manu 
mission. 


454  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§257 

41.  Contemporary  accounts  of  Liberia. 

42.  Benjamin  Lundy's  attempted  colony  in  Hayti. 

43.  Benjamin  Lundy's  plans  for  negro  colonies  in  Texas. 

44.  Lundy's  plans  for  negro  colonization. 

45.  Work  of  the  American  Colonizing  Society  since  1865. 

46.  Instances  of  free  negroes  kidnapped  into  slavery  in 
one  of  the   following   States:    (a)  New  York.  —  (b)  Penn 
sylvania.  —  (c)  Ohio.  —  (d)  Indiana.  —  (e)  Illinois. 

47.  Measures  taken  by  the  State  authorities  in  relation 
to  the  abduction  of  slaves  in  New  York,  1864-1865. 

ENSLAVEMENT  OF  FREE  PERSONS. 

48.  Cases  of  sale  of  negroes  for  jail  fees  in  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

49.  Re-enslavement  of  the  North  Carolina  slaves  in  1798. 

50.  Free  negroes  sold  into  slavery  in  the  slave  States  for 
jail  fees. 

51.  Instances. of  free  negroes  sold  into  slavery  as  a  pen 
alty  for  crime. 

52.  Instances  of  free  negroes  sold  into  slavery  as  vagrants. 

53.  Why  did  the  number  of  free  negroes  diminish  in  the 
Gulf  States? 

54.  Case  of  enslavement  of  the  white  immigrants. 

§  258.   Reports  on  Property  in  Slaves. 

PRIVATE  OWNERSHIP. 

1.  Instances  of  the  giving  of  slaves  as  presents. 

2.  Instances  of  a  man  owning  his  brother. 

3.  Instances  of  joint  ownership  of  a  slave. 

4.  Slaves  held  by  officials  in  government  posts,   light 
houses,  etc. 

5.  Slaves  held  by  officers  on  board  United  States  men- 
of-war. 

6.  Slaves  held  by  corporations. 

7.  Were  slaves  legally  real  estate  or  chattels? 


§258]  SLAVERY  455 

PUBLIC  OWNERSHIP. 

8.  Southern  State  taxes  on  slaves. 

9.  Instances  of  slaves  taken  by  the  State  and  sold  for 
taxes. 

10.  Federal  taxes  on  slaves. 

11.  Slaves  taken  by  the  Federal  government  in  execution. 

12.  Instances  of  slaves  held  as  the  property  of  a  State. 

13.  Instances    of    slaves    owned    by   a   municipality   or 
county  government. 

14.  Instances  of  escheat  of  slaves. 

15.  Slaves  hiring  their  own  time. 

16.  Hiring  out  slaves  by  their  masters  to  other  masters. 

SLAVES  BUYING  THEIR  FREEDOM. 

17.  Slaves  buying  their  freedom  in  instalments. 

18.  Free  negroes  buying  slave  kindred. 

19.  Instances  of  fathers  buying  their  own  children  to 
free  them. 

20.  Instances  of  negroes  owning  their  own  families. 

21.  Instances  of  refusal  of  masters  to  allow  a  slave  to 
buy  himself. 

SALE  OF  SLAVES. 

22.  Southern  opinion  of  slave  dealers. 

23.  Advertisements  of  slave  dealers. 

24.  System   of   slave   pens   or   barracoons   in   American 
cities. 

25.  Advertisements  of  slave  auctions. 

26.  Instances  of  the  separation  of  families  by  sale. 

27.  Methods  and  places  in  which  slaves  were  sold  in  some 
one  of  the  large  cities. 

28.  Private  sales  of  slaves. 

29.  Sale  of  surplus  slaves  by  border  States  to  cotton 
States, 


456  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§258 

30.  Slave  market  and  auctions  in  Northern  States. 

31.  Slaves  sold  on  execution. 

32.  Sales  of  infants  away  from  their  mothers. 

33.  Copies  of  bills  of  sale  for  slaves. 

PROPERTY. 

34.  Instances  of  slaves  purchased  to  set  them  free. 

35.  Sale  of  slaves  for  intractableness. 

36.  Sale  of  slaves  in  division  of  inherited  property. 

37.  Sale  of  slave  as  a  punishment. 

38.  Sale  of  slave  to  pay  debts. 

39.  Slaves  turned  over  to  pay  gambling  debts. 

40.  Instance  of  a  master  selling  his  own  children. 

41.  Usual  prices  of  slaves  in  one  of  the  following  periods: 
(a)    1619-1689.  —  (b)    1689-1775.  —  (c)    1775-1800.  —  (d) 
1800-1830.  —  (e)  1830-1840. —  (/)  1840-1850.  —  (g)  1850- 
1860. 

42.  Very  high  prices  of  slaves. 

43.  Very  low  prices  of  slaves. 

44.  Sale  of  aged  and  sick  slaves  to  avoid  care. 

45.  Buying  in   of  slaves  by   kind-hearted  neighbors   of 
of  the  family. 

46.  Slave  auction  in  fiction. 

MANUMISSION. 

47.  Instances  of  slave  manumission  in  some  one  of  the 
thirteen  colonies. 

48.  Slaves  who  expressed  a  desire  to  be  free. 

49.  Instances  of  manumission  for  public  services. 

50.  Manumission  of  John  Randolph's  slaves. 

51.  Manumission  by  will. 

52.  Manumission,  other  than  by  will. 

53.  Instances  of  refusals  to  accept  freedom. 

54.  Methods  and   practice  of  manumission  in  some  one 
of  the  fifteen  slave  States. 


§  259]  SLAVERY  457 

55.  Manumission  of  Washington's  slaves. 

56.  The  Custis  slaves. 

57.  Legal  process  of  manumission. 

58.  Instances  of  manumitted  slaves  seeking  to  return  to 
slavery. 

§  259.   Reports  on  Slave  Life. 

NUMBER  OF  SLAVES. 

1.  Proportion  of  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  fifteen  slave 
States,  compared  with  the  total  population,  1790-1860. 

2.  Why  did  the  slave  States  grow  more  slowly  than  the 
free  States? 

3.  Probable  proportion  of  African  born  slaves  in  1866. 

4.  Local  areas  of  very  large  proportion  of  slaves. 

5.  Proportion  of  slaves,   of  free   negroes,   and   of  total 
negroes  to  the  total  population  of  the  slave-holding  States 
taken  together,  1790-1860. 

6.  Effect  of  the  western  movement  on  the  proportion  of 
slaves  in  the  coast  States. 

NEGRO  RACES  IN  SLAVERY. 

7.  Different  African  races  in  America. 

8.  The  Guinea  negro. 

9.  Instances  of  native  Africans  in  the  South  after  1840. 

10.  Instances  of  slaves  having  some  Indian  blood. 

11.  Instances  of  slaves  who  were  almost  white. 

12.  The  copper-colored  negro. 

13.  Arabs  in  slavery  in  America. 

GOOD  TRAITS  OF  SLAVE  CHARACTER. 

14.  Highly  gifted  slaves. 

15.  Instances  of  highly  trusted  slaves. 

16.  The  most  notable  act  of  heroism  by  a  slave  of  which 
record  can  be  found. 

17.  Negroes  in  charge  of  white  children. 


458  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  259< 

18.  Slaves  as  foster  brothers  of  whites. 

19.  Attachment  of  slaves  to  whites. 

20.  Instance  of  petted  slaves. 

21.  Instances  of  faithfulness  of  slaves. 

22.  Instances  of  provident  slaves. 

23.  Slaves  taken  into  family  councils. 

24.  Slaves  trusted  as  overseers. 

25.  Instances  of  warm  attachment  between  master  and 
slaves. 

BAD  TRAITS  OF  SLAVE  CHARACTER. 

26.  Negro  improvidence. 

27.  Instance  of  discontented  slaves. 

28.  Negro  dullness. 

29.  Improvidence  and  wastefulness  of  slaves. 

30.  Instances  of  slaves  unfaithful  to  their  masters  during 
the  Civil  War. 

31.  Slaves'  dishonesty. 

32.  Instances  of  bad-tempered  slaves. 

33.  Murders  committed  by  slaves  on  each  other. 

34.  Murder  of  white  people  by  slaves. 

35.  Arson  by  slaves. 

INTELLECTUAL  LIFE  OF  NEGROES. 

36.  Veritable  instances  of  negro  dialect  in  slavery  times. 

37.  Instances  of  highly  educated  slaves. 

38.  Instances  of  slaves  who  could  write. 

39.  Letters  written  by  slaves. 

40.  Literary  work  of  slaves  and  ex-slaves. 

41.  Instances  of  slaves  who  had  travelled  abroad. 

42.  Instances  of  very  musical  slaves. 

43.  Negro  character  as  illustrated  by  some  one  of  the 
following    persons:    (a)    Phillis   Wheatley.  —  (b)    Sojourner 
Truth.  —  (c)  Frederick  Douglass.  —  (d)  Henry  Box  Brown. 

44.  Slave  traits  in  Joel  Chandler  Harris'  stories. 


259]  SLAVERY  459 

RELIGIOUS  LIFE  OF  SLAVES. 

45.  Slaves  in  Boston  church  organizations. 

46.  Religious  meetings  of  slaves  in  the  South. 

47.  Negro  churches. 

48.  Slave  preachers. 

49.  Attitude  of  planters  to  slave  religious  meetings. 

50.  Laws  in  relation  to  religious  instruction  of  slaves. 

51.  Instances  of  very  religious  slaves. 

52.  "The  Power"  among  slaves. 

SURROUNDINGS  OF  SLAVES. 

53.  Names  of  slaves. 

54.  Ordinary  dress  of  slaves. 

55.  Slave  cabins. 

56.  Instances  of  remarkably  handsome  slaves. 

57.  Instances  of  remarkably  unattractive  slaves. 

58.  Negro  life  in  cities  in  slavery  times. 

59.  Housing  of  house  servants. 

60.  Clothing  of  house  servants. 

SLAVE  FAMILY  LIFE. 

61.  Slave  marriages. 

62.  Instances  of  elaborate  slave  weddings. 

63.  Slave  divorce. 

64.  Instances  of  slave-breeding  establishments. 

65.  Raising  slave  children  on  large  plantations. 

66.  Instances  of  very  aged  slaves. 

67.  Accounts  of  the  death-beds  of  slaves. 

68.  Slave  funerals. 

69.  Treatment  of  worn-out  slaves  in  the  South. 

70.  Plantation  hospitals. 

71.  Accounts  of  the  death  and  burial  customs  of  slaves. 

72.  Slave  diseases. 

73.  Mortality  among  slaves, 

74.  Slave  insanity. 


460  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  259 

SLAVE  RECREATIONS. 

75.  Special  slave  festivals  in  New  England  in  slavery 
times. 

76.  Slave    festivals    in    the    Southern    States    after    the 
Revolution. 

77.  '  Possum  and  coon  hunts  by  slaves. 

78.  Instances  of  slaves  visiting  each  other. 

79.  Slave  holidays. 

80.  Sundays  on  the  plantation. 

81.  Music  among  slaves. 

82.  Unlawful  assemblage  of  slaves. 

83.  Slaves  as  athletes. 

84.  Christmas  on  a  plantation. 

85.  Gifts  by  masters  to  slaves. 

RIGHTS  OF  SLAVES. 

86.  Could  slaves  hold  property? 

87.  Did  slaves  have  a  right  to  sue? 

88.  Unlawful  religious  instruction  of  slaves. 

89.  Unlawful  trading  with  slaves. 

90.  Legal  regulations  in  protection  of  slaves. 

91.  Trials  for  the  murder  of  slaves. 

92.  Trials  for  the  abuse  of  slaves. 

93.  Laws  as  to  Sunday  labor. 

94.  Laws  as  to  the  food  of  slaves. 

§  260.  Reports  on  Control  of  Slaves. 

TREATMENT  OF  SLAVES. 

1.  Disagreeable  incidents  of  slave  life  in  some  one  of  the 
slave  States. 

2.  Bright  side  of  slavery  in  some  one  of  the  slave  States. 

3.  Instances  of  friendly  relations  between  masters  and 
slaves  in  some  one  of  the  slave  States. 


§260]  SLAVERY  461 

4.  Slavery  in  the  border  States,  compared  with  slavery  in 
the  Gulf  States. 

5.  Management  of  large  slave  plantations  in  some  one  of 
the  slave  States. 

6.  Cruel  treatment  of  slaves  in  some  une  of  the  slave 
States. 

7.  Reminiscences  of  slavery  by  ex-slaves  still  living. 

8.  Reminiscences  of  slavery  by  white  people  still  living. 

9.  Southern  opinions  that  the  slaves  were  ill-treated. 

10.  Instances  of  colonial  slaves  worked  in  large  gangs  in 
one  of  the  following  northern  colonies:    (a)  New  York.  — 
(6)  Rhode  Island.  —  (c)  Pennsylvania.  —  (d)  New  Jersey. 

EMPLOYMENT  OF  SLAVES. 

11.  Slave   life   on   some   one  of  the  following   kinds   of 
plantation:   (a)  Sugar  plantation. —  (b)  Cotton  plantation. 

-  (c)  Rice  plantation.  —  (d)  Tobacco  plantation. 

12.  Slaves   employed   in   one  of  the   following   callings: 
(a)    Cooks.  —  (6)   Turpentine   makers.  —  (c)    Coachmen.  — 
(d)  Servants  in  hotels.  —  (e)  House  servants.  —  (/)  Miners. — 
(g)  Fishermen.  —  (h)  Roustabouts. 

13.  Status  of  house  slaves. 

14.  Instances  of  slaves  used  in  factories. 

15.  Instances  of  slaves  serving  as  sailors. 

TASKS  OF  SLAVES. 

16.  Slaves  employed  at  one  of  the  following  trades:  (a) 
Ship  carpenters.  —  (6)  Masons.  —  (c)  House  carpenters.  — 
(d)  Machinists.  —  (e)  Stationary  engineers.  —  (/)  Foremen. 
—  (g)  Plasterers.  —  (h)  Blacksmiths. 

17.  Usual  daily  tasks  of  slaves. 

18.  How  much  work  did  negroes  perform  in  comparison 
with  white  men? 

19.  Negro  slave-drivers. 

20.  Overworked  slaves. 


462  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§260 

21.  Hours  of  labor  for  slaves. 

22.  Cases  of  slaves  worked  to  death. 

23.  Instances  of  slaves  worked  on  Sunday. 

24.  Instances  of  easy  tasks. 

PUNISHMENT  OF  SLAVE  OFFENCES. 

25.  Instances  of  judicial  trial  of  slaves. 

26.  System   of   sending   slaves   to   the   calaboose   to   be 
whipped  in  behalf  of  the  owners. 

27.  Usual  punishments  of  slaves. 

28.  Unusual  punishments  of  slaves. 

29.  Instances  of  killing  of  slaves  by  masters. 

30.  The  Slave  Code  of  some  one  of  the  slave  States. 

31.  Lynchings  of  slaves. 

32.  Instances  of  slaves  burned  for  crimes  or  offences  in 
New  England. 

33.  Instances  of  judicial  burning  of  slaves  in  the  South. 

34.  Instances  of  special  tribunals  for  the  trial  of  slaves. 

35.  Special  tribunals  for  offences  by  free  negroes  in  the 
slave-holding  States. 

36.  Instances  of  compensation  to  masters  for  execution 
of  slaves. 

37.  Theft  by  slaves. 

38.  The  patrol  systems  in  some  one  of  the  slave  States. 

39.  Passes  for  slaves. 

40.  Treatment  of  the  negroes  in  the  Southern  peniten 
tiaries  in  slavery  times. 

SLAVE  INSURRECTIONS. 

41.  An  account  of  one  of  the  following  slave  insurrec 
tions:    (a)    Northern    Neck,    1687.  —  (b)    Negro    Plot    of 
1712.  —  (c)    New   York,    1741.—  (d)    Gabriel,    1800.  —  (e) 
Denmark  Vesey,  1822.—  (/)  Nat  Turner,  1831.—  (g)  John 
Jude    Brown  (1859). 

42.  Slave  insurrections  in  some  one  of  the  English  colonies. 


§261]  SLAVERY  463 

43.  Southern  fears  of  insurrections  of  slaves. 

44.  Contemporary  accounts  of  the  Nat  Turner  insurrec 
tion. 

45.  Southern  references  to  Nat  Turner  insurrection  after 
1835. 

46.  Were  the  abolitionists  responsible  for  the  Nat  Turner 
Insurrection? 

47.  Minor  slave  risings  (1832-1858). 

48.  Number  of  slaves  engaged  in  the  Negro  Plots  of  1712 
and  1741  in  New  York. 

49.  How  far  were  white  persons  accomplices  in  the  Negro 
Plot  of  1741? 

50.  Slave  uprisings  on  shipboard. 

OFFENCES  AGAINST  SLAVERY. 

51.  Cases  of  " slave-stealing"  in  the  South. 

52.  Instances  of  slaves  stolen  to  be  sold  with  the  slave's 
connivance. 

53.  Laws  forbidding  the  teaching  of  slaves  to  read. 

54.  Prosecutions  of  whites  for  unlawfully  assembling  with 
slaves. 

55.  Legal  penalties  for  circulating  abolition  literature. 

56.  Legal  penalties  for  denying  the  validity  of  slavery. 

57.  Trading  with  slaves  and  its  penalties. 

58.  Prosecution  of  whites  for  teaching  negroes. 

59.  Instances  of  slaves  taught  to  read  by  the  master's 
family. 

§  261.  Reports  on  Fugitive  Slaves. 

1.  Usual  reasons  for  running  away. 

2.  Usual  means  of  escape. 

3.  Habitual  runaway  slaves. 

4.  Advertisements  of  runaway  slaves. 

5.  Instances  of  runaway  slaves  personating  white  people. 

6.  Slaves  protecting  runaways. 


464  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§261 

7.  Masters  killed  by  slaves  while  escaping. 

8.  Instances  of  professional  slave-catchers. 

9.  Instances   of  the   use   of  dogs   in   pursuing   runaway 
slaves. 

10.  Instances  of  slaves  escaping  during  Sherman's  March 
to  the  Sea. 

RUNAWAY  SLAVES. 

11.  The  most  interesting  account  of  an  escape  written 
by  (or  for)  a  fugitive. 

12.  Persons  who  made  it  a  habit  to  aid  fugitives  to  escape. 

13.  Punishments  of  returned  runaways. 

FUGITIVE  SLAVES. 

14.  Estimates  of  aggregate  escapes  of  fugitives:  (a)  From 
1793  to  1850.  —  (6)  From  1850  to  1860. 

15.  Fugitive  slaves  on  the  platform  of  conventions. 

16.  Contemporary  accounts  of  fugitives  crossing  the  Ohio 
River. 

17.  Instances   of   fugitives   protected   by   United   States 
military  officers,  1861-1865. 

18.  Fugitive  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  following  Northern 
cities:    (a)    Boston.  —  (6)    New   York.  —  (c)    Syracuse.  — 
(d)  Philadelphia.  —  (e)  St.  Louis.  —  (/)  Chicago.  —  (g)  Cin 
cinnati.  —  (h)    Oberlin.  —  (i)    Columbus.  —  (j)    Buffalo.  — 
(k)  Pittsburg. 

19.  Instances  of  fugitive  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  North 
ern  States. 

20.  Underground  railroad  in  some  one  of  the  Northern 
States. 

NOTED  FUGITIVE  CASES. 

21.  Account  of  one  of   the  following  escapes:    (a)  Fred 
erick  Douglass.  —  (6)  Crafts.  —  (c)  Box  Brown.  —  (d)  Wal 
ker.  —  (e)  Thompson.  —  (/)  Still  family. 

22.  A  typical  case  of  a  fugitive  slave  returned  by  judicial 
process. 


§261]  SLAVERY  465 

23.  Fugitive  slave  cases  in  some  one  of  the  Northern  free 
States. 

24.  Attitude  of  one  of  the  following  public  men  on  fugi 
tive  slaves:  (a)  Salmon  P.  Chase. —  (b)  Richard  H.Dana. 

-  (c)  Daniel  Webster.  —  (d)  Charles  Sumner.  —  (e)  Lewis 
Cass. 

25.  Some  one  of  the  following  fugitive   slave  cases:  (a) 
Gorsuch.  —  (6)  Ottoman.  —  (c)  Drayton.  —  (d)  Anderson. 

26.  Trial   of  rescuers  in  one  of  the  following  cases:    (a) 
McHenry.  —  (6)  Van  Zandt.  —  (c)  Burns.  —  (d)  Shadrach. 

-  (e)  Oberlin-Wellington.  —  (/)  Pearl.  —  (g)  Walker.  —  (h) 
Hanway. 

27.  Inside  history  of  some  one  of  the  following  fugitive 
slave    incidents:    (a)    Burns. —  (b)    Shadrach. —  (c)    Chris 
tiana.  —  (d}  Garner. 

28.  Incidents   of  some   one  of  the  following   rescues  of 
fugitive  slaves:    (a)   Thompson. —  (b)    Latimer. —  (c)  Van 
Zandt.  —  (d)     Sims.  —  (e)     Burns.  —  (/)     Shadrach.  —  (g) 
Oberlin-Wellington.  —  (h)   Jerry   Loguen.  —  (i)   Christiana. 

-  (/)  Chicjtasaw.  —  (k)  Philadelphia,  1838.  —  (/)  Glover. 

29.  Fugitive  slaves  sent  across  the  St.  Lawrence. 

30.  John  Brown's  aid  to  fugitives  in  Missouri. 

LIFE  OF  ESCAPED  SLAVES. 

31.  Fugitives  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  some  one  of 
the    following    places:    (a)    Boston. —  (b)    Philadelphia. — 
(c)  Oberlin.  —  (d)  Cincinnati.  —  (e)  Christiana.  —  (/)  Detroit. 

32.  Estimates  of  number  of  fugitive  slaves   resident  in: 
(a)    Massachusetts.  —  (b)    Pennsylvania.  —  (c)    Ohio.  —  (d) 
New  York.  —  (e)  Illinois. 

33.  Instances  of  escaped  slaves  voluntarily   returning  to 
slavery. 

34.  Fugitive  slaves  in  Canada. 

35.  The  Dismal  Swamp  settlement. 


466  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§262 

§  262.   Reports  on  the  National  Status  of  Slavery. 

ANTI-SLAVERY  IN  CONGRESS. 

1.  Criticism  of  slavery  in  Congress:    (a)  From   1775  to 
1788.  —  (6)  From  1789  to  1808.  —  (c)  From  1808  to  1831.  - 
(d)   From   1831   to   1837.  —  (e)   From   1837  to   1843.  —  (/) 
From  1843  to  1846.  —  (g)  From  1846  to  1853.  —  (h)  From 
1853  to  1857.  —  (i)  From  1857  to  1860.  —  (/)  From  1860  to 
1862.  —  (k)  From  1862  to  1864. 

2.  Contemporary  criticisms  of  one  of  the  following  states 
men    by    abolitionists:    (a)   S.  A.  Douglas. —  (6)    Franklin 
Pierce. —  (c)  Jefferson  Davis  (to   I860).—  (d)   James   Bu 
chanan.  —  (e)    Roger    B.   Taney.  —  (/)    Lewis    Cass.  —  (g) 
Millard  Fillmore. 

3.  Anti-slavery  attacks  in  Congress  by:    (a)  J.  R.  Gid- 
dings.  —  (6)    William    Slade.  —  (c)    Owen    Love  joy.  —  (d) 
John  P.  Hale.  —  (e)  Ben  Wade.  —  (/)  Charles  Sumner. 

TERRITORIAL  SLAVERY. 

4.  Had  Congress  power  to  prohibit  slavery  in  the  whole 
Louisiana  cession? 

5.  The  Indiana  petitions  for  the  establishment  of  slavery, 
1802-1816. 

6.  Status  of  the  slaves  in  Missouri  before  the  admission 
of  the  State. 

7.  Declaration   that   Texas   should   be   annexed   for   the 
benefit  of  slavery. 

8.  The  effect  of  Mexican  laws  on  slaves  in  Texas  prior  to 
1836. 

9.  The  clearest  contemporary  statement  of  the  advan 
tages  to  slavery  from  the  annexation  of  Texas. 

10.  Was  slavery  legal  in  Utah  in  1849? 

11.  Instances  of  slaves  in  Utah. 

12.  Instances  of  slaves  in  California. 

13.  Abolitionist  criticisms  of  the  7th  of  March  speech. 


§  262]  SLAVERY  467 

14.  Actual  conditions  of  slavery  in  New  Mexico,   1850— 
1861. 

15.  Jefferson  Davis's  argument  that  Congress  must  affirm 
atively  protect  slavery  in  the  territories. 

16.  Opinion  on  territorial  slavery  of  one  of  the  following 
statesmen:     (a)    J.   C.   Calhoun. —  (6)    Henry    Clay. —  (c) 
Zachary  Taylor.  —  (d)  S.  P.  Chase.  —  (e)  Charles  Sumner. 

-(/)   W.   H.   Seward.—  (g}   S.   A.   Douglas.  —  (ft)   A.   H. 
Stephens.  —  (i)  B.  F.  Wade.  —  (/)  J.  P.  Hale. 

17.  Contemporary  defence  of  popular  sovereignty. 

18.  Origin  of  the  idea  of  popular  sovereignty. 

KANSAS  EPISODE. 

19.  Contemporary  expressions  of  opinion  in  Missouri  on 
the  Kansas-Nebraska  Act. 

20.  Southern  criticisms  on  the  Kansas-Nebraska  Act. 

21.  Contemporary  criticism  of  Douglas's  arguments  on  the 
Kansas-Nebraska  bill. 

22.  Southern  arguments  for  the  Kansas-Nebraska  Act. 

23.  Contemporary    defences    of    the    "  Border-Ruffian " 
movement. 

24.  Motives  of  the  New  England  Aid  Society. 

25.  Organizations  for  pro-slavery  emigration  to  Kansas. 

26.  Overland  emigrations  to  Kansas. 

27.  Account  of  a  meeting  to  protest  against  the  Kansas- 
Nebraska  bill. 

28.  Contemporary  accounts  of  the  first  Kansas  territorial 
legislature. 

29.  Instances  of  slaves  held  in  Kansas. 

30.  Instances  of  slaves  freed  by  force  in  Missouri  to  1861. 

31.  An  account  of  the  Kansas  investigating  committee  of 
1856. 

32.  Question  of  slavery  in  the  debate  on  Dunn's  bill,  1856. 

33.  Loss  of  life  on  each  side  in  the  Kansas  civil  war. 

34.  Account  of  the  Kansas  admission  act,  secured  in  1861. 


468  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  262 

FREE  SPEECH,  PRESS,  AND  MAILS. 

35.  Contemporary   accounts   of  the   "  Memorable   Seces 
sion"  of  1837. 

36.  Contemporary  criticism  of  the  gag-resolutions. 

37.  John  C.  Calhoun  on  the  anti-slavery  petitions. 

38.  Censure  of  John  Quincy  Adams  in  1837. 

39.  Censure  of  John  Quincy  Adams  in  1842. 

40.  Censure  of  Joshua  R.  Giddings  in  1842. 

41.  Defences  of  the  attack  of  Preston  Brooks  on  Charles 
Sumner. 

42.  Stopping  Clement  C.  Clay's  abolition  paper  in  Ken 
tucky. 

43.  Contemporary  accounts  of  the  seizure  of  mails  in 

Charleston,  1835. 

44.  Character  of  the  mails  stopped  in  Charleston  about 

1835. 

45.  Contemporary  constitutional  arguments  on  the  aboli 
tion  mail  question. 

46.  Attitude  of  Jackson  on  the  abolition  mails. 

NEGRO  CITIZENSHIP  AND  DRED  SCOTT  DECISION. 

47.  Life  and  character  of  Dred  Scott  (not  including  trial). 

48.  Did  the  framers   of  the   Constitution  mean  that   a 
negro  might  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? 

49.  Anti-slavery  arguments  before  the  Supreme  Court, 
1829-1861. 

50.  Discussions  of  slavery  in  the  Supreme  Court  before 
the  Dred  Scott  case. 

51.  Decisions   of  the   Supreme   Court   involving   slavery 

before  1857. 

52.  Inner  history  of  the  Dred  Scott  case. 

53.  Lincoln's  view  of  the  Dred  Scott  decision. 

54.  Contemporary  expressions  of  approval,  of  the  Dred 
Scott  decision. 


§263]  SLAVERY  469 

55.  Defences  of  the  Dred  Scott  decision  by  the  judges. 

56.  Contemporary    unfavorable    criticisms    of    the    Dred 
Scott  decision. 

57.  Contemporary    Northern    approval    of    Dred    Scott 
decision. 

58.  Supreme  Court  cases  involving  slavery,  1858-1865. 

§  263.   Reports  on  the  Interstate  Status  of  Slavery. 

INTERSTATE  SLAVE-TRADE. 

1.  Domestic  slave-trade  by  the  Mississippi  River. 

2.  Contemporary  accounts  of  the  slave-trade  from  one 
United  States  port  to  another. 

3.  Domestic  slave-trade  overland  (not  by  sea  or  rivers). 

4.  Interstate  slave-trade  by  the  Ohio  River. 

5.  Interstate  slave-trade  by  sea. 

6.  State  laws  prohibiting  interstate  slave-trade. 

7.  Statistics  of  slave  exportations  from  the  slave-breeding 
States. 

QUESTIONS  OF  RESIDENCE. 

8.  Effect  of  residence  of  slaves  in  free  States. 

9.  Masters  "sojourning"  with  their  slaves  in  free  States. 

10.  Instances  of  slaves  held  in  free  States  by  temporary 
Southern  visitors. 

11.  Slaves  released  in  transit  through  free  States. 

12.  The  Passmore  Williamson  case. 

13.  The  negro  seaman  controversy. 

14.  The  Samuel  Hoar  mission  to  Charleston. 

15.  Contemporary  criticisms  of  the  South  Carolina  negro 
seaman  act. 

FUGITIVE  SLAVE  LAWS. 

16.  Southern  State  fugitive  slave  laws. 

17.  Violations  of  the  fugitive  slave  law  of  1793. 

18.  Anti-slavery  criticisms  of  the  fugitive  slave  law  of 
1793. 


470  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§263 

19.  Contemporary  Southern  opinions  of  the  fugitive  slave 
act  of  1850. 

20.  Anti-slavery  objection  to  the  fugitive  slave  act  of  1850. 

21.  Northern  state  fugitive  slave  laws  in  aid  of  the  slave 
holder. 

22.  Were  alleged  fugitives  constitutionally  entitled  to   a 
trial  by  jury? 

23.  Act  repealing  fugitive  slave  law  in  1864. 

24.  Inner  history  of  the  case  of  Ableman  v.  Booth. 

25.  Appeal  of  the  Ableman  v.  Booth  case. 

26.  Agitation  in  some  one  of  the  free  States  against  the 
fugitive  slave  law. 

27.  Discontinuance   of  the   prosecution    of   the   Oberlin- 
Wellington  rescuers. 

PERSONAL  LIBERTY  LAWS. 

28.  Personal  liberty  laws  of  some  one  of  the  free  States. 

29.  Repeals  of  personal  liberty  laws. 

30.  Instances  of  the  application  of  personal  liberty  laws. 

31.  Northern  admissions  that  the  personal  liberty  laws 
were  inadvisable. 

32.  Southern  denunciations  of  the  personal  liberty  laws. 
33   Were  the  personal  liberty  laws  unconstitutional? 

EXTRADITION. 

34.  History  of  the  Prigg  case. 

35.  The  Williams  extradition  case. 

36.  Isaac  Gansey  extradition  case. 

37.  Extradition  in  the  "Boston"  case. 

38.  Case  of  Kentucky  v.  Dennison. 

§  264.   Reports  on  the  International  Status  of  Slavery. 

GENERAL  QUESTIONS. 

1.   The   question   of   the   negroes    carried   away   by   the 
British,  1783-1800. 


§264]  SLAVERY  471 

2.  Question  of  negroes  carried  away  by  the  British  in 
1814-1815. 

3.  Status  of  slaves  of  American  envoys  to  foreign  coun 
tries. 

4.  Origin  of  the  phrase  "contraband  of  war"  applied  to 
fugitive  slaves. 

5.  Case  of  Anderson  in  Canada. 

6.  Mexican  refusals  to  surrender  fugitives. 

7.  Reception  of  fugitives  in  Canada. 

8.  Attempt  to  secure  treaties  for  the  surrender  of  fugitive 
slaves. 

VESSELS  IN  FOREIGN  PORTS. 

9.  Some  one  of  the  following  cases  of  slave  vessels  in 
British  ports:  (a)  Enterprise.  —  (6)  Encomium. —  (c)  Her- 
mosa.  —  (d)  Comet.  —  (e)  Creole. 

10.  Contemporary  accounts  of  L'Amistad  case. 

11.  Contemporary  opinion  on  the  Creole  case. 

FOREIGN  SLAVE-TRADE. 

12.  The  Middle  Passage  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

13.  The  Middle  Passage  in  the  nineteenth  century. 

14.  Average  loss  of  life  in  slave-trade. 

15.  Profits  of  the  slave-trade. 

16.  Northern  slave-traders  in  the  nineteenth  century. 

17.  Number  of  illegal  slave  importations  after  1808. 

18.  Instances   of  slaves   imported   from   Africa   between 
1820  and  1861. 

19.  Instances  of  convictions  for  slave-trading  after  1820. 

20.  Methods  of  capture  of  slaves  in  Africa. 

21.  Motives  of  the  slave-trade  acts  of  1794-1800. 

22.  Motives  of  the  slave-trade  act  of  1808. 

23.  Motives  of  the  slave-trade  act  of  1819. 

24.  The  activity  of  some  one  of  the  following  ports  as  a 
place  of  fitting  out  slavers:   (a)  Boston. —  (6)  New  York 
—  (c)  Bristol,  R.  I.—  (d)  Newport.—  (e)  Philadelphia. 


472  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§264 

25.  Was  the  slave-trade  piracy? 

26.  An  account  of  a  slave-trading  voyage  after  1836. 

27.  Accounts  of  voyages  of  white  men  in  slavers. 

28.  Instances   of   captures   of  slavers   by   United   States 
cruisers  under  the  Cruising  Convention  of  1842. 

29.  Propositions  for  reviving  the  slave-trade,  1850-1861. 

30.  Return  of  captured  slaves  to  Africa. 

31.  Effect  of  Cass'  protest  against  the  quintuple  treaty. 

§  265.   Reports  on  Arguments  for  and  against  Slavery. 

ASSAILANTS  OF  SLAVERY. 

1.  The  best  available  narrative  of  his  slavery  experience 
by  a  slave. 

2.  The  best  available  account  of  slavery  by  a  Northern 
observer. 

3.  The  best  available  account  of  slavery  by  a  woman. 

4.  The  best  available  arraignment  of  slavery  by  a  mmister. 

5.  Lincoln's  reasons  for  disliking  slavery. 

6.  Was  " Uncle  Tom's  Cabin"  exaggerated? 

7.  A  summary  of  Frances  Kemble's  experiences  of  slavery. 

8.  Unfavorable  opinions  of  foreign  travelers  on  slavery: 
(a)    1750-1775.  --  (6)    1775-1790.  —  (c)    1790-1815.  —  (d) 
1815-1830.  —  (e)   1830-1845.  —  (/)   1845-1860.  —  fo)   1860- 

1865. 

9.  Resolutions  of  State  legislatures  against  slavery  be 
fore  1861. 

10.  Admission  by  slave-holders  that  slavery  was  wrong, 

after  1840. 

11.  Southern  denunciations  of  slavery  after  ^830. 

12.  The  best  available  book  against  slavery. 

13.  The  best  available  statement  of  the  evils  of  slavery. 

14.  An  examination  of  Northern  and  foreign  criticism  of 
slavery  as  it  existed  in:  (a)  New  Orleans.  —  (b)  Savannah.  - 
(c)  Charleston.  —  (d)  Mobile.  —  (e)  Richmond. 


§  265]  SLAVERY  473 

DEFENDERS  OF  SLAVERY. 

15.  Favorable  opinions  of  slavery  by  foreign  travelers: 

(a)  1750-1790.  —  (6)     1790-1820.  —  (c)    1820-1830.  —  (d) 
1830-1840.  —  (e)  1840-1850.  —  (/)  1850-1860. 

16.  The  best  available  defence  of  slavery  by  a  Southern 
writer. 

17.  Instances  of  Northern  pro-slavery  men. 

18.  The  best  available  book  in  defence  of  slavery. 

19.  The  best  available  defence  of  slavery  by  a  minister. 

20.  A  summary  of  the  best  available  pro-slavery  speech. 

21.  Defences  of  slavery  by  Northern  ministers. 

22.  Opinions   on   slavery   by   clergymen   who   knew   the 
South. 

23.  Opinions  of  slaves  held  by  Northern  women  who  had 
lived  in  the  South. 

24.  Defence  of  slavery  in  Congress  by  J.  C.  Calhoun. 

25.  Defences   of  slavery  in  Congress:    (a)   1775-1788. — 

(b]  1789-1807.  —  (c)     1807-1829.  —  (d)     1829-1837.  —  (e} 
1837-1845. —  (/)  1845-1851.—  (g)  1851-1857.  —  (h)  1857- 
1861. 

26.  Pro-slavery  utterances  of  Georgia  officials  or  legisla 
tures. 

CLASSIFIED  ARRAIGNMENTS  OF  SLAVERY. 

27.  Argument  of  economic  disadvantages  of  slavery. 

28.  Argument  that  slavery  required  ignorance. 

29.  Argument  that  slavery  was  unchristian. 

30.  Argument  of  economic  wastefulness  of  slavery. 

31.  The  argument  of  natural  rights. 

32.  Argument  of  ill  effect  on  whites. 

33.  Argument  of  barbarity. 

CLASSIFIED  DEFENCES  OF  SLAVERY. 

34.  Argument  for  slavery  from  physical  inferiority. 

35.  Mental  inferiority  as  a  defence  of  slavery. 


474  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§265 

36.  Argument  that  slavery  elevated  the  negro. 

37.  Argument  that  slavery  was  for  the  good  of  the  negro. 

38.  Argument  that  slavery  christianized  the  negro. 

39.  Arguments  of  the  economic  advantages  of  slavery. 

40.  Argument  that  slavery  increased  production. 

41.  Argument  that  slavery  was  bad,  but  could  not  be 
removed. 

42.  Defence  of  slavery  from  ancient  precedent. 

43.  Analysis    of   the    biblical    arguments    in    defense    of 
slavery. 

44.  The   defence   of   slavery  from   the   example   of   the 
Hebrew  patriarchs. 

45.  Defence  of  slavery  from  New  Testament  sanction. 

46.  Argument  that  slavery  needed  new  land. 

47.  Argument  that  slavery  could  not  be  abolished  with 
out  disrupting  society. 

48.  Argument  of  the  danger  of  slave  insurrections. 

49.  Argument  that  slavery  was  "a  positive  good." 

50.  Argument  that  slaves  were  necessary  as  a  basis  for 
white  republican  government. 

51.  Argument  that  the  Northern  people  had  no  concern 
with  slavery. 

52.  Argument  that  no  public  criticism  of  slavery  should 
be  allowed. 

53.  Statements  that  slavery  ought  to  be  introduced  into 
free  States,  1855-1861. 

54.  Arguments  for  slavery  from  the  example  of  Hayti. 

§  266.  Reports  on  Effects  of  Slavery. 

SOCIAL  EFFECTS  OF  SLAVERY. 

1.  Effect  of  slavery  on  the  character  of  the  whites. 

2.  Effect  of  slavery  on  young  white  men. 

3.  Effects  of  slavery  on  Southern  white  women. 

4.  Kind  mistresses  of  slaves. 


§266]  SLAVERY  475 

5.  Instances  of  planters  who  lived  abroad. 

6.  Instances  of  improverished  slave-holders. 

7.  City  life  in  the  South  in  slave  times. 

8.  Ante-bellum  schools  in  the  South. 

9.  Examples  of  Southern  prose. 

10.  Examples  of  Southern  poetry,  1830-1861. 

11.  Life  in  Southern  colleges  in  slavery  times. 

12.  Effect  of  slavery  on  education. 

13.  Southern  historical  writing  (1789-1860). 

14.  Southern  scientific  work  (1789-1860). 

14.  Southern  periodicals  (1789-1860). 

15.  Southern  men  educated  in  the  North. 
46.  Southern  men  educated  abroad. 

ECONOMIC  EFFECTS. 

17.  Southern  wealth. 

18.  Southern  banks  in  slavery  times. 

19.  Annual   expense  of  maintaining  a  slave:    (a)  1830- 
1850.  —  (6)  1850-1860. 

20.  The  waste  of  slave  labor. 

21.  Usual  profit  on  large  cotton  plantations. 

22.  Probable  profit  from  cotton  planting. 

23.  Estimate  of  the  profit  from  one  hundred  slaves. 

24.  Southern  contemporary   statements   of   opinion   that 
slavery  did  not  pay. 

25.  Was  slavery  more  profitable  to  the  planters  than  free 
labor  would  have  been? 

26.  Plantation  buildings. 

27.  Process  of  agriculture  in  the  South. 

28.  Wearing  out  of  lands  by  slavery. 

29.  Worked-out  lands  in  the  South. 

30.  Instances  of  abandoned  plantations. 

31.  Foreign  immigration  to  the  South. 

32.  Instances  of  importation  of  food  for  slaves  from  other 
States, 


476  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§266 

TRAVEL  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

33.  Southern  country  hotels  in  slavery  times. 

34.  City  hotels  in  the  South  in  slavery  times. 

35.  Staging  in  slavery  times. 

36.  Life  on  river  steamers  in  slavery  times. 

37.  Southern  highways  in  slavery  times. 

38.  Travel  on  Southern  railroads  in  slavery  times. 

39.  Southern  roads  in  slavery  times. 

40.  Southern  travel  by  wagon-roads  in  slavery  times. 

41.  Southern  criticisms  of  F.  L.  Olmsted's  books  on  the 
South. 

INDUSTRIES. 

42.  Contemporary  discussions  of  the  effect  on  slavery  of 
the  invention  of  the  cotton  gin. 

43.  The  importance  of  cotton  as  an  export  in  slave  times. 

44.  How  far  did  the  South  raise  its  own  food? 

45.  Southern  factories. 

46.  Southern  ship-building. 

47.  Southern  fisheries. 

48.  Instances  of  the  raising  of  slaves  as  a  business. 

49.  Southern  exports  —  amount  and  character. 

50.  Southern  imports  —  amount  and  character. 

§  267.   Reports  on  Public  Emancipation  of  Slaves. 

NORTHERN  STATES. 

1.  Number  of  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  following  commu 
nities  between  the  passing  of  the  gradual  emancipation  act 
and    total    emancipation:     (a)    Rhode    Island.  —  (6)    Con 
necticut.  —  (c)  New  York.  —  (d)   New  Jersey.  —  (e)  Penn 
sylvania.  —  (/)  Northwest  Territory.  —  (g)  Ohio.  —  (h)  In 
diana.  —  (i)  Illinois. 

2.  Instances  of  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  following  com 
munities  after  abolition:    (a)  Vermont. —  (6)   New   Hamp 
shire.  —  (c)     Massachusetts.  —  (d)     Ohio.  —  (e)    Illinois.  — • 
(/)  Indiana. 


§267]  SLAVERY  477 

3.  Accounts  of  the  emancipation  act  of  one  of  the  follow 
ing  communities:   (a)  Rhode  Island.  —  (6)  Connecticut. — 

(c)  New  York.  —  (d)    New  Jersey.  —  (e)   Pennsylvania.  — 
(/)  Illinois. 

4.  The  prohibition  of  slavery  in  the  Illinois  constitution. 

5.  Struggle  to  reestablish  slavery  in  Illinois  (1823). 

6.  The  last  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  following  communi 
ties:    (a)    Massachusetts. —  (6)    Rhode    Island. —  (c)    Con 
necticut.  —  (d)  New  York.  —  (e}  New  Jersey.  —  (/)  Penn 
sylvania.  —  (g)  District  of  Columbia.  —  (h)  Indiana.  —  (i) 
Illinois. 

7.  Sale  of  slaves  out  of  some  one  of  the  following  com 
munities  after  the  emancipation  act:  (a)  New  York. —  (6) 
New  Jersey.  —  (c)  Pennsylvania.  —  (d)  Rhode  Island.  —  (e) 
Northwest  Territory. 

8.  Methods  in  which  slaves   obtained  their  freedom   in 
New  York,  with  instances. 

9.  Action  of  the  convention  of  1820-1822  in  New  York 
relative  to  slavery. 

10.  "Freedom  Suits"  in  Massachusetts  (1700-1780). 

TERRITORIES. 

11.  Instances  of  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  following  terri 
tories:    (a)    Utah. —  (&)    New   Mexico. —  (c)    California.— 

(d)  Oregon.  —  (e)  Wisconsin. 

12.  Contemporary  California  opinions  on  slavery,  before 
September,  1850. 

13.  An  account  of  the  State  convention  of  1849  in  Cali 
fornia. 

14.  Attitude  of  California  toward  free  negroes. 

CIVIL  WAR,  1861-1865. 

15.  Contemporary  Southern  opinion  of  A.  H.  Stephens' 
"corner-stone  speech." 

16.  Why  did  the  number  of  slaves  decrease  in  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia  from  1840  to  1865? 


478  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§267 

17.  The  amount  of  compensation  for  slaves  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  1862-1863. 

18.  Carrying  out  of  the  District  of  Columbia  emancipa 
tion  act  of  1862. 

19.  Results  of  emancipation  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
1862-1875. 

20.  Reminiscences  of  slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

21.  Abolition  of  slavery  in  some  one  of  the  following  com 
munities:    (a)    Maryland. —  (6)    Missouri. —  (c)    West  Vir 
ginia.  —  (d)  District  of  Columbia.  —  (e)  Tennessee. 

22.  Actual  confiscation  of  slaves  under  acts  of  1861,  1862. 

23.  Passage  of  the  act  of  1862  prohibiting  slavery  in  the 
territories. 

24.  Workings  of  the  act  of  1862  prohibiting  slavery  in 
the  territories. 

25.  General  Butler's  "contraband"  doctrine. 

26.  Proposals  of  compensated  emancipation. 

27.  Cases  of  emancipation  in  Kentucky,  1861—1865. 

28.  Account  of  Fremont's  emancipation  proclamation. 

29.  Account  of  Hunter's  emancipation  proclamation. 

1  LINCOLN'S  PROCLAMATION. 

30.  Southern  contemporary  opinions  of  Lincoln. 

31.  Reception  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  by  the 
negroes. 

32.  Reception  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  by  the 
South. 

33.  Did  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  annul  slavery 
clauses  in  State  constitutions? 

34.  What  districts  were  excepted  from  the  Emancipation 
Proclamation? 

35.  Attitude   of  the   abolitionists  to  the   Emancipation 
Proclamation. 

36.  How  many  slaves  were  set  free  by  the  Emancipation 
Proclamation? 


OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY 

§268]  SLAVERY  479 

37.  The  use  of  slaves  to  aid  the  military  operations  of 
the  Confederacy. 

38.  Suggestions  of  negro  regiments  by  Lee  and  Davis  in 
1865. 

THIRTEENTH  AMENDMENT. 

39.  Last  slaves  in  some  one  of  the  former  seceded  States. 

40.  Emancipation  acts  by  some  one  of  the  following  com 
munities:    (a)  Virginia. —  (6)    North  Carolina. —  (c)   South 
Carolina.  —  (d)   Alabama.  —  (e)   Georgia.  —  (/)   Mississippi. 

—  (g)  Louisiana.  —  (h)  Texas.  —  (i)  Arkansas.  —  (/)  Florida. 

41.  Instances  of  slaves  held  after  1865  through  their  own 
ignorance. 

42.  Cases  after  1865  involving  former  contracts  on  slave 
property. 

§  268.   Reports  on  Abolition  and  Abolitionists. 

ABOLITION  LEADERS. 

1.  First-hand  knowledge  of  slavery  by  some  one  of  the 
following    abolitionists:     (a)    John    Brown. —  (6)    William 
Lloyd  Garrison.  —  (c)   Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe.  —  (d) 
S.  P.  Chase.  —  (e)  James  G.  Birney.  —  (/)  Levi  Coffin.  —  (g) 
Benjamin  Lundy. 

2.  Anti-slavery    career    of    some    one    of    the    following 
colonial  agitators:  (a)  Samuel  Sewall. —  (6)  Anthony  Ben- 
ezet.  —  (c)   John  Woodman.  —  (d)   Samuel  Hopkins.  —  (e) 
Benjamin  Franklin. 

3.  Notable   abolitionists   in   some   one   of   the   Northern 
States. 

4.  Notable  abolitionists  in  the  Western  Reserve. 

5.  An  account  of  the  reasons  why  some  one  of  the  follow 
ing  agitators  became  an  abolitionist:  (a)  Wendell  Phillips. 

—  (6)  Charles  Sumner.  —  (c)  James  Russell  Lowell.  —  (d) 
Salmon  P.   Chase.  —  (e)   Horace  Greeley.  —  (/)   James  G. 
Birney.  —  (g)  Benjamin  Lundy.  —  (h)  Cassius  M.  Clay. 


480  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§268 

6.  Anti-slavery  career  of  some  one  of  the  following  aboli 
tionists:   (a)  William  Lloyd  Garrison. —  (6)  James  Russell 
Lowell.  —  (c)   Henry  Ward   Beecher.  —  (d)   Abraham   Lin 
coln.  —  (e)    Benjamin    Lundy.  —  (/)    S.    P.    Chase.  —  (</) 
Charles  Sumner.  —  (h)  Gerritt  Smith.  —  (i)  William  Jay.  - 
0')    Wendell   Phillips.  —  (k)  John   P.    Hale.  —  (/)    John   G. 
Whittier.  —  (m)  Arthur  Tappan.  —  (n)  Edmund  Quincy.  — 
(o)  Levi  Coffin.  —  (p)  Frederick  Douglass.  —  (9)  T.  W.  Hig- 
ginson.  —  (r)  Theodore  F.  Weld.  —  (s)  Frank  Sanborn. 

7.  Prominent  women  abolitionists. 

8.  Instances  of  anti-slavery  German- Americans. 

9.  Anti-slavery  career  of  Karl  Follen. 

10.  Criticism  of  slave  holders  by  one  of  the  following  men: 
(a)    John   P.    Hale.  —  (b}    B.    F.    Wade.  —  (c)    Joshua    R. 
Giddings.  —  (d)  John  Brown.  —  (e)  James  G.  Birney.  —  (/) 
John  Brown. 

11.  Quaker  abolitionists. 

12.  Was  John  Quincy  Adams  an  abolitionist? 

13.  Anti-slavery  sentiment  ri  one  of  the  following  places: 
(a)    Boston.  —  (b)    New    Haven.  —  (c)    New    York.  —  (d) 
Philadelphia.  —  (e)    Pittsburg.  —  (/)    Cleveland.  —  (g)   Cin 
cinnati.  —  (h)  Chicago.  —  (i)  Syracuse.  —  (/)  Rochester. 

14.  Foreign  anti-slavery  agitators  in  America, 

JOHN  BROWN'S  RAID. 

15.  The  United  States  League  of  Gileadites. 

16.  John  Brown  in  Kansas  as  a  free-State  fighter. 

17.  Southern  opinion  of  John  Brown. 

18.  Contemporary  approval  of  John  Brown,  1859. 

19.  Facts  of  John  Brown's  attack  on  Harper's  Ferry. 

20.  Was  John  Brown  a  murderer? 

21.  The  political  effect  of  John  Brown's  raid. 

22.  Governor  Andrew's  connection  with  John  Brown. 

23.  Total  number  of  slaves   aided    to    liberty  by  John 
Brown. 


§268]  SLAVERY  481 

SOUTHERN  ANTI-SLAVERY. 

24.  Instances  of  Southern  abolitionists. 

25.  Anti-slavery  men  in  some  one  of  the  following  South 
ern  States:   (a)  Virginia. —  (6)  Maryland. —  (c)  Kentucky. 

-  (d)  Delaware.  —  (e)  Tennessee.  —  (/)  Missouri. 

26.  The  feeling  in  East  Tennessee  toward  slavery. 

27.  The  feeling  in  West  Virginia  toward  slavery. 

28.  Assertions  of  the  undesirability  of  slavery  by  South 
ern  planters,  after  1830. 

29.  Southern  anti-slavery  societies  before  1831. 

ABOLITION  ORGANIZATION. 

30.  Abolition  societies  in  some  one  of  the  Northern  States. 

31.  Number  of  members  of  the  American  Anti-Slavery 
Society. 

32.  Reasons  for  the  split  in  the  American  Anti-Slavery 
Society,  1840. 

33.  Account  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Anti-Slavery 
Society. 

34.  Contemporary  feeling  in  the  North  about  the  found 
ing  of  the  anti-slavery  societies. 

35.  Anti-slavery  meetings  in  some  one  of  the  following 
places:    (a)    Newburyport. —  (6)    Boston. —  (c)    Salem.— 
(d}    Worcester.  —  (e)    Syracuse.  —  (/)    New    Haven.  —  (g) 
Providence.  —  (h)  Philadelphia.  —  (i)  Cleveland.  —  (/)  Cin 
cinnati.  —  (/c)  Chicago.  —  (/)  Detroit.  —  (ra)  Utica. 

36.  Account  of  a  national  anti-slavery  meeting. 

37.  Account  of  an  abolitionist  local  convention  in  New 
England. 

38.  Description  of  an  abolitionist  convention  in  New  York 
City. 

39.  A  typical  anti-slavery  petition  presented  to  Congress. 

40.  An  account  of  the  anti-slavery  movement  in  Southern 
Illinois. 


482  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§268 

41.  Who  supplied  money  for  the  anti-slavery  movement 
in  Philadelphia? 

42.  Instances    of   anti-slavery   meetings    interrupted   by 
mobs. 

43.  Women  in  anti-slavery  meetings. 

ABOLITION  PROPAGANDA. 

44.  An  account  of  one  of  the  following  abolition  papers: 
(a)    Genius    of    Universal    Emancipation.  —  (6)    Liberator. 

—  (c)  Emancipator.  —  (d^  National  Era.  —  (e)  North  Star. 

—  (/)  Philanthopist. 

45.  A  criticism  of  the  Liberator  (from  a  personal  study 
of  the  files). 

46.  The  circulation  of  the  Liberator. 

47.  William   Lloyd   Garrison's   attitude   on  the   Federal 
government  and  constitution. 

48.  Did  abolitionists  attempt  to  stir  up  slave  insurrections? 

49.  Were    severer   laws   passed    against   Negroes   in  the 
South  as  a  result  of  the  abolition  movement? 

50.  Abolitionist  statements  of  the  guilt  of  slave-holders. 

51.  " Incendiary  publications"  by  abolition  societies. 

52.  Instances  of  circulation  of  abolition  literature  among 
Southern  negroes  before  1861. 

53.  Anti-slavery  influence  of  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin. 

54.  Instances    of    abolitionists    who    had    actually    seen 
slavery  as  it  was. 

55.  The  best  anti-slavery  poem  available. 

56.  The  anti-slavery  poets. 

57.  John  G.  Whittier  as  an  anti-slavery  politician. 

58.  Enumerations  of  the  principle  of  the  " higher  law" 
by  abolitionists. 

59.  Declarations  of  abolitionists  that  they  would  not  vote. 

60.  The  breach  in  Lane  Seminary. 

61.  A  summary  of  the  best  available  abolition  speech. 

62.  Abolition  year-books. 


§269]  SLAVERY  483 

63.  Anti-slavery  opinions  on  amalgamation. 

64.  An  account  of  the  anti-slavery  almanacs. 

§  269.   Reports  on  Contemporary  Judgment  of  Abolition. 

ATTITUDE  OF  PUBLIC  MEN. 

1.  Attitude  on  slavery  and  abolition  of  some  one  of  the 
following  New  England   public  men:    (a)  Fisher  Ames. — 
(b)     Edward    Everett.  —  (c)     Caleb    Gushing.  —  (d)    John 
Adams.  —  (e)  Robert  C.  Winthrop.  —  (/)   Daniel  Webster. 

-  (g)  Levi  Woodbury.  —  (h)  Josiah  Quincy. 

2.  Opinions  on  slavery  and  abolition  of  one  of  the  follow 
ing  New  Englanders:    (a)   W.   E.   Channing. —  (b)   R.  W. 
Emerson.  —  (c)    Oliver  Ellsworth.  —  (d)   Rufus   Choate.  — 
(e}  Anson  Burlingame.  —  (/)  W.  P.  Fessenden.  —  (g)  C.  F. 
Adams,  Sr.  —  (h)  R.  H.  Dana.  —  (e)  Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 

3.  Attitude   on  abolition  of  some  one  of  the  following 
public    men:     (a)    Martin    Van    Buren. —  (6)    George    B. 
McClellan.  —  (c)   David  Wilmot.  —  (d)   Albert  Gallatin.  - 
(e)  John  A.  Dix.  —  (/)  Thurlow  Weed.  —  (g)  W.  H.  Seward. 

-  (h)   Edwin   M.   Stanton.  —  (i)   John  Jay.  —  (/)    Millard 
Fillmore. 

4.  Opinion  of  slavery  of  some  one  of  the  following  public 
men:  (a)  J.  R.  Giddings.  —  (b)  B.  F.  Wade.  —  (c)  Schuy- 
ler  Colfax.  —  (d)  Thomas  Corwin.  —  (e)  Lewis  Cass.  —  (/) 
William  H.   Harrison.  —  (g)   W.   T.   Sherman.  —  (h)   John 
Sherman. 

5.  Opinion  of  abolition  held  by  some  one  of  the  following 
public  men:    (a)  Thomas  H.  Benton.  —  (6)   Andrew  John 
son.  —  (c)  James  K.  Polk.  —  (d}  J.  C.  Breckinridge.  —  (e) 
Henry  Clay.  —  (/)  Andrew  Jackson.  —  (g)  J.  J.  Crittenden. 

6.  Opinion  of  abolition  held  by  some  one  of  the  following 
Southern    statesmen:    (a)    J.   C.   Calhoun.  —  (6)    R.   M.  T. 
Hunter.  —  (c)  W.  L.  Yancey.  —  (d)  Jefferson  Davis.  —  (e) 
Robert  Toombs.  —  (/)  Henry  A.  Wise.  —  (g)  Alexander  H. 
Stephens.  —  (h)  George  McDuffie.  —  (i)  Judah  P.  Benjamin. 


484  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§269 

NORTHERN  OPPOSITION 

7.  Public  opinion  adverse  to  the  abolitionist  agitation  in 
some  one  of  the  following  places:  (a)  Salem.  —  (6)  Boston. 

-  (c)  Harvard  College.  —  (d)  Newport.  —  (e)  New  Haven. 

-  (/)   Hartford.  —  (g)   Newport.  —  (h)   Philadelphia  —  (i) 
Cincinnati. 

8.  Murder  of  Love  joy. 

9.  Is  it  true  that  Love  joy  was  the  only  person  to  lose 
his  life  by  pro-slavery  mobs? 

.  10.   The  Birney  riot  in  Cincinnati. 

11.  Riots  in  New  York  City  growing  out  of  the  anti- 
slavery  movement. 

12.  Contemporary   accounts   of   the   Pennsylvania    Hall 
riots. 

13.  The  destruction  of  New  Haven  College. 

14.  Destruction  of  the  Canaan  (N.  H.)  College. 

15.  The  separation  of  Professor  Follen  from  Harvard. 

16.  Tne  attitude  of  Harvard  students  towards  abolition, 
1830-1860. 

17.  Contemporary  New  England  opinion  of  the  abolition 
ists. 

18.  Accounts  of  the  Garrison  Mob  of  1835   (from  con 
temporaries)  . 

19.  The  case  of  Prudence  Crandall. 

20.  Contemporary  opinion  about  the  Liberator. 

21.  Douglas's  opinion  of  abolition. 

SOUTHERN  OPPOSITION. 

22.  Rewards  offered  for  abolitionists. 

23.  Contemporary   Southern   opinion   of   William   Lloyd 
Garrison. 

24.  Appeals  by  the  South  to  the  North  to  suppress  aboli 
tion  agitation. 

25.  Instances  of  suppression  of  discussion  about  slavery 
in  Southern  places. 


§270]  DIPLOMATIC  485 

26.  Instances  of  men  mobbed  in  the  South  as  abolitionists. 

27.  The  Amos  Dresser  episode. 

ATTITUDE  OF  THE  CHURCHES. 

28.  Attitude  of  some  one  of  the  following  denominations 
to    slavery:    (a)    Episcopal. —  (b)    Catholic. —  (c)    Metho 
dist.  —  (d)  Congregational.  —  (e)  Baptist.  —  (/)  Disciple.  — 
(g)  Presbyterian.  —  (h)  Quaker. 

29.  Split  of  the  Methodist  Church  over  slavery. 

30.  Split  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  over  slavery. 

31.  Influence  of  the  Quakers  as  a  denomination  against 
slavery. 

32.  Attitude  of  missionary  societies  toward  slaves. 

33.  The  relation  of  the  church  to  slavery  in  the  South. 

34.  Opinions  on  slavery  of  some  one  of  the  following 
Northern  divines:  (a)  Moses  Stuart. —  (b)  Bishop  Hopkins. 
—  (c)  Nehemiah  Adams. 

§  270.  Methods  of  Library  Reports  in  American  Diplomacy 
(Courses  C  and  D). 

The  smaller  size  of  the  class  and  the  presumable  experi 
ence  of  the  students  in  written  work  make  unnecessary 
many  of  the  fixed  rules  required  for  like  work  in  the  narra 
tive  course.  Students  are  expected  to  travel  their  own 
road,  though  the  instructor  will  always  be  ready  in  his  con 
ference  hours  to  give  advice  and  assistance. 

ASSIGNMENT.  From  the  list  of  lectures  (Manual,  §  150), 
from  the  list  of  subjects  for  special  reports  (Manual,  §  §  272- 
282),  and  from  their  previous  knowledge  of  such  topics 
students  may  select  or  suggest  subjects;  and  they  are  in 
vited  to  make  their  preferences  known.  Some  of  the  sub 
jects  call  for  simple  narrative  treatment;  but  nearly  all 
involve  some  contested  or  doubtful  question  which  students 
are  expected  to  elucidate. 


486  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§271 

§  271.   Materials  for  Library  Reports  in  American  Diplomacy. 

AUTHORITIES.  The  bibliographical  guide  for  the  course  is 
the  instructor's  Foundations  of  American  Foreign  Policy,  ch. 
viii,  which  is  a  classified  list  with  brief  comments.  At  the 
desk  of  the  Reading  Room  of  the  Harvard  College  Library 
is  a  copy  of  this  bibliography,  with  library  numbers  in 
the  margin.  Other  bibliographical  aids  are  enumerated  in 
Foundations,  §  77;  in  Manual,  §  21,  and  in  J.  B.  Moore, 
Digest  of  International  Law,  I,  pp.  ix-xxx.  Some  classified 
references  will  be  found  in  the  list  of  diplomatic  lectures 
(Manual,  §§  64-86),  and  in  the  materials  for  weekly  papers 
(Manual,  §  §  166-195) .  Besides  the  Harvard  College  Library 
other  near-by  collections  will  be  found  serviceable  by  in 
vestigators  (see  Manual,  §  6).  The  Harvard  Law  School 
Library  is  rich  in  treatises,  collections  of  cases,  statutes,  etc. 
The  Boston  Athenaeum  has  a  special  fund  for  books  on  in 
ternational  law  and  diplomacy.  The  Boston  Public  Library 
has  a  vast  general  collection.  On  many  of  the  subjects  the 
Congressional  Documents  will  be  serviceable.  (See  Guide, 
§  30,  Foundations,  §  796). 

METHODS.  No  fixed  system  for  collecting  materials, 
deciding  on  conclusions,  and  stating  the  results  can  be 
recommended.  In  the  Guide,  §  12,  are  some  suggestions 
on  the  subject.  The  main  thing  must  always  be  to  take 
notes  on  separate  slips  of  paper  or  cards  or  sheets,  which 
may  be  classified  and  brought  together  in  new  combinations. 
Care  should  also  be  taken  to  note  specific  references,  and  to 
insert  in  the  report  such  as  are  most  to  the  point.  Brief 
quotations  are  often  very  helpful.  Compare  the  Directions 
for  Reports  in  Course  A  (Manual,  §  234).  Students  may 
at  any  time  examine  reports  prepared  in  previous  years,  so 
as  to  see  how  other  people  have  reached  and  recorded  their 
results  under  like  circumstances. 


§  273]  DIPLOMATIC  487 

§  272.   (1492-1689)  Reports  on  Discovery  and  Title  to  Ter 
ritory  (see  Manual,  §§  167,  168,  171). 

1.  Rights  of  English  merchants  in  Spain  up  to  1585. 

2.  Rights  of  Spanish  merchants  in  England  up  to  1585. 

3.  English  commercial  treaties  (1400-1550). 

4.  Official  basis  of  the  French  claims  to  America. 

5.  Official  basis  of  the  Spanish  claims  to  America. 

6.  Territories    disputed   between   England   and   France 
(1689-1754),  illustrated  with  map. 

7.  Official  claims  of  the  English  to  America. 

8.  Official  claims  of  the  Portuguese  to  America. 

9.  Official  claims  of  the  Dutch  to  America. 

10.  Doctrine  of  title  by  prime  discovery  as  set  forth  up 
to  1700. 

11.  Doctrine  of  title  by  exploration  as  set  forth  up  to  1700. 

12.  Doctrine  of  title  by  occupation  as  set  forth  up  to  1700. 

13.  Doctrine  of  title  by  permanent  colonization  as  set 
forth  up  to  1700. 

14.  Doctrine  of  papal  control  over  the  disposition  of  new 
territory  (1493-1689). 

15.  Treaties  between  England  and  Spain  (1492-1604). 

16.  English-Spanish  diplomacy  as  to  America  (1604-1689) . 

17.  Right  and  practice  of  enslaving  infidels. 

18.  Knowledge  of  Europeans  as  to  central  and  eastern 
Asia,  previous  to  1492. 

19.  Application  of  Droit  d'aubaine  up  to  1600. 

20.  Application  of  the  papal  line  of  delimitation. 

21.  English-French  Treaties  (1492-1604). 

22.  English-French  Treaties  (1605-1689). 

§  273.     (1689-1775)    Reports  on  Trade  and    Sea-faring   (see 
Manual,  §§  65,  66,  169,  170,  172). 

1.  International  law  of  privateering  previous  to  1600. 

2.  Contemporary  accounts  of  colonial  piracy. 

3.  Instances  of  legal  convictions  of  pirates  up  to  1775. 


488  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§273 

4.  Contemporary  accounts  of  privateering  (1689-1763). 

5.  Reaction  in  Spanish  colonial  policy  (1763-1793). 

6.  Basis  of  the  French  claims  west  of  the  Alleghenies. 

7.  Basis  of  the  English  claims  west  of  the  Alleghanies. 

8.  Spanish  claims  to  Georgia  up  to  1795. 

9.  Southern  boundary  of  the  Hudson  Bay  region. 

10.  Spanish  claims  to  the  whole  coast  of  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

11.  Contemporary  complaints  of  the  English  Navigation 
Acts  (1689-1763). 

12.  Instances  of  foreign  vessels  received  in  colonial   ports, 
contrary  to  the  Navigation  Acts. 

13.  Instances  of  colonial  smuggling  in  American  vessels. 

14.  Spanish  complaints  of  illegal  trading  by  the  English 
in  the  Spanish  colonies. 

15.  Instances    of    colonial    trade    with    Spanish    colonies 
before  1775. 

16.  Instances  of  English  colonists  trading  with  the  enemy 
(1689-1763). 

17.  Correspondence   and   treaties   relating  to   Belize    (to 
1789). 

18.  Origin  and  application  of  the  Rule  of  1756  (to  1763). 

19.  Captures  of  merchantmen  by  official  cruisers  in  time 
of  peace  (1689-1763). 

20.  The  French  system  of  Colonial  trade  (1689-1762). 

21.  Founding  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 

22.  Dutch  West  India  Company. 

23.  French  Colonial  Companies  in  North  America. 

24.  Commercial  privileges  granted  by  England  in  America 
(1606-1689). 

§  274.    (1775-1783)  Reports  on  Revolutionary  Diplomacy  (see 

Manual,  §§71,  72,  173,  174). 

1.  Benjamin  Franklin's  diplomatic  services. 

2.  John  Adams'  diplomatic  services. . 

3.  John  Jay's  diplomatic  services. 


§275]  DIPLOMATIC  489 

4.  Silas  Deane's  diplomatic  services. 

5.  The  foreign  office  of  the  United  States  (1775-1781). 

6.  The  foreign  office  of  the  United  States  (1781-1788). 

7.  State  naval  vessels  in  the  Revolution. 

8.  American  privateers  in  the  Revolution. 

9.  British  privateering  during  the  Revolution. 

10.  Capture  of  Paul  Jones'  prizes  in  Norway. 

11.  Prize  questions  in  the  Revolution. 

12.  Negotiations  as  to  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States 
(1779-1783). 

13.  Unofficial    negotiations    with    Great    Britain    (1775- 
1779). 

14.  Indian  negotiations  and  treaties  (1775-1783). 

15.  Intercourse  between  the  British  and  American  armies 
during  the  Revolution. 

16.  The  British  peace  mission  of  1776. 

17.  Attitude  of  Spain  toward  the  Revolution  (1775-1780). 

18.  Negotiations  of  Vermont  with  the  British  during  the 
Revolution. 

19.  Outbreak  of  war  between  France  and  England  (1778). 

20.  Interest  of  the  Continental  Congress  in  foreign  affairs. 

21.  Negotiations  with  the  Holy  Roman  Empire   (1778- 
1787). 

22.  Negotiations  with  Prussia  (1776-1781). 

23.  Were    the    American    envoys    justified    in    ignoring 
Vergennes  in  the  negotiations  of  1782? 

24.  Detailed   account   of  the   first   treaty   with   Holland 
(1782). 

25.  Diplomacy  of  the  Armed  Neutrality  (1779-1783). 

§  275.   (1783-1788)   Reports  on  Diplomacy  of  the  Confeder- 
tion  (seeManual,  §§71,  72,  173,  174). 

1.  John  Adams's  diplomatic  service  in  England. 

2.  Commercial  treaty  with  Sweden. 

3.  Commercial  treaty  with  Prussia. 


490  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  275 

4.  Negotiations  with  England  for  a  commercial  treaty 
(1783-1788). 

5.  Influence  of  Lord  Sheffield  against  a  commercial  treaty 
between  England  and  America. 

6.  Expense  of  the  American  foreign  service  (1783-1789). 

7.  Spanish  intrigues  with  the  West  (1779-1788). 

8.  Retention   of   the   frontier    posts    by   Great    Britain 
(1783-1796,  with  map). 

9.  Negotiations  as  to  the  frontier  posts  (1783-1788). 

10.  The  facts  as  to  carrying  away  negroes  by  the  British 
in  1783. 

11.  Diplomatic  discussions  as  to  the  negroes  carried  away 
(1783-1788). 

12.  Actual    discriminations    made    by    England    against 
American  shipping  (1783-1794). 

13.  The  effect  of  the  French  Consular  Convention  of  1788. 

14.  Jefferson's  mission  (1786-1789). 

15.  R.  R.  Livingston  as  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

16.  John  Jay  as  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

§  276.    (1789-1801)  Reports  on  the  First   Napoleonic   Period 

(see  Manual,  §§  35,  36,  175,  176). 

1.  Could  a  better  treaty  than  Jay's  have  been  obtained 
in  1794? 

2.  The  doctrine  of  continuous  voyages  (1793-1806). 

3.  Instances  of  the  capture  of  persons  in  neutral  vessels 
before  1801  on  other  grounds  than  impressment. 

4.  Instances  of  impressments  (1793-1801). 

5.  Application  of  the  Rule  of  1756  (1793-1806). 

6.  Instances  of  illegal  captures  of  American  merchant 
men  by  English  (1793-1796). 

7.  Question  of  the  right  of  deposit  on  the   Mississippi 
(1795-1803). 

8.  A  conspectus  of  the  various  French  decrees  affecting 
American  commerce  (1793-1801). 


§277]  DIPLOMATIC  491 

9.  Claims  by  France  that  the  United  States  was  bound  to 
defend  the  West  Indies. 

10.  Genet's  explanation  of  his  own  diplomacy. 

11.  Suggestions  of  the  annexation  of  Louisiana  by  the 
United  States  previous  to  1802. 

12.  French  plans  of  recovering  Louisiana  (1789-1795). 

13.  French  protests  against  the  Jay  Treaty  (1795-1798). 

14.  Bribery  of  the   French   Directory  by  other   powers 
(1795-1800). 

15.  King's  attempt  to  adjust  the  impressment  question 
(1797-1801). 

16.  Capture  of  French  merchantmen  (1798-1800). 

17.  Withdrawal  of  the  right  of  deposit  at  New  Orleans 
(1798). 

18.  Was  Edward  Randolph  guilty  of  squeezing  money 
from  the  French  minister? 

19.  Did  James  Monroe  neglect  the  interests  of  the  United 
States  at  Paris? 

20.  Relations  of  the  British  with  Indians  residing  within 
the  United  States  (1789-1801). 

21.  English-Spanish  diplomacy  as  to  Belize  (1775-1S01). 

22.  Miranda  and  his  schemes  (1793-1801). 

§  277.   (1801-1815)  Reports  on  the  Second  Napoleonic  Period 

(see  Manual,  §§  35,  36,  175,  176). 

1.  The  change  in  British  admiralty  decisions  (1800-1806). 

2.  Instances   of   unfair   decisions   by   British   prize   and 
admiralty  courts  (1803-1815). 

3.  Contemporary  assertions  that  West  Florida  was  part 
of  Louisiana. 

4.  Contemporary  British  claims  to  Oregon  (1792-1815). 

5.  Did  the  War  of  1812  affect  our  fishery  rights? 

6.  Contemporary  American  opinions  of  Napoleon. 

7.  Jefferson's  principles  of  diplomacy. 

8.  Eventual  settlement  of  the  Leopold-Chesapeake  affair. 


492  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§277 

9.   Attitude  of  the  American  government  on  the  impress 
ment  of  Britons  naturalized  after  1783. 

10.  Attitude  of  the  American  government  on  the  impress 
ment  of  actual  British  citizens. 

11.  Attitude   of  the   American   government   on   the   im 
pressment  of  British  deserters  on  American  merchant  ships. 

12.  Instances  of  losses  of  American  merchmantmen,  due 
to  impressment  of  part  of  the  crew. 

13.  Breach  of  diplomatic  relations  with  De  Onis. 

14.  Breach  of  diplomatic  relations  with  James  Jackson. 

15.  Attitude  of  the  United   States  toward  the   French 
monarchy  in  Spain. 

16.  Instances  of  pirates  on  the  Atlantic  and  neighboring 
seas  (K  01-1815). 

17.  Relations  of  Great  Britain  with  Indians  within  the 
borders  of  the  United  States  (1801-1815). 

§  278.   (1815-1829)  Reports  on  the  Period  of  Spanish  American 
Diplomacy  (see  Manual,  §§  37,  38,  183). 

1.  Missions   and   agents  sent  by  the   United  States  to 
South  America  (1811-1823). 

2.  Meaning  of  "  political  system"  in  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 

3.  Actual  Russian  settlements  and  posts  in  America,  with 
map  (1775-1825). 

4.  Actual  British  settlements  and  posts  in  Oregon,  with 
map  (1806-1829). 

5.  Relation  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  to  the  Oregon 
controversy. 

6.  British  overland  expeditions  to  Oregon  (1806-1828). 

7.  American  overland  expeditions  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
(1807-1829). 

8.  How  did  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  become  a  part  of 
South  America? 

9.  Spanish  provinces  in  America,  with  map  in  1806. 

10.    Amelioration   of   the   Spanish   Colonial   trade   policy 
(1795-1815). 


§279]  DIPLOMATIC  493 

11.  Insurrections  in  Spanish  American  provinces,  to  1807. 

12.  Contemporary  assertions  of  a  special  interest  of  the 
United  States  in  Cuba  (1789-1825). 

13.  Authorship  of  Monroe's  message  of  December,  1823. 

14.  Sanchez  mission  from  Cuba,  1822.          „ 

15.  Actual  discussion  of  American  affairs  in  the  European 
Congresses  (1815-1822). 

16.  Effect  of  the  Monroe  doctrine  on  the  Spanish  Ameri 
can  governments. 

17.  Map  of  Spanish  America  in  1823,  with  elucidations. 

18.  John  Quincy  Adams's  original  purpose  with  reference 
to  the  Panama  Congress. 

19.  French  designs  on  America  (1823). 

20.  John  Quincy  Adams's  commercial  treaties. 

§  279.   (1829-1861)  Reports  on  Ante-Bellum  Diplomacy  (see 
Manual,  §§79,  80,  186). 

1.  Was  Jackson  justified  in  his  spoliation  diplomacy? 

2.  Aptitude  for  foreign  relations  of  the  successive  Secre 
taries  of  State  (1829-1861). 

3.  Difficulty  over  the  German  commercial  treaty. 

4.  Relations  of  Maine  to  the  boundary  diplomacy  (1827- 
1842). 

5.  The  Battle  of  the  Maps. 

6.  Consultation  of  the  Senate  by  Polk  before  the  Oregon 
treaty  (1846). 

7.  SlidelPs  mission  to  Mexico  in  1846. 

8.  Negotiation  of  the  peace  of  Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 

9.  British  diplomacy  in  the  Isthmus  from  1820  to  1845. 

10.  Relations  with  New  Granada  (1815-1846). 

11.  Negotiation  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty  (1850). 

12.  Difficulties  in  the  interpretation  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer 
treaty  (1851-1860). 

13.  Negotiation  of  the  Canadian  reciprocity  treaty  of  1854. 

14.  Japanese  treaties  (1848-1861). 


494  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§279 

15.  Chinese  treaties  (1840-1861). 

16.  The  United  States  and  the  Paris  Declaration  of  1856. 

17.  The  Paraguay  episode  (1851-1861). 

18.  Adjustment  of  the  Belt  dues  controversy. 

19.  Adjustment  of  the  Black  Warrior  episode. 

§  280.   (1861-1865)  Reports  on  the  Diplomacy  of  the  Civil  War 
(see  Manual,  §§  81,  82,  188.) 

1.  Recognition   of   the   belligerency   of  the   Confederate 
States  by  France. 

2.  Attempts  to  treat  the  officers  and  crews  of  the  Con 
federate  commerce-destroyers  as  pirates. 

3.  Contemporary  criticisms  of  the  United   States  prize 
decisions  (1861-1868). 

4.  Captures  of  vessels  by  the  United  States  blockaders. 

5.  Doctrine   of   continuous   voyages   as   applied    in   the 
Civil  War. 

6.  Reception  of  United  States  cruisers  in  foreign  colonial 
ports. 

7.  Confederate  diplomatic  agents  during  the  Civil  War. 

8.  How    far   did    the    Confederate    commerce-destroyers 
receive  undue  privileges  in  colonial  ports  of  England,  Hol 
land,  France,  and  Spain? 

9.  Secretary  Chase's  share  in  the  foreign  relations  of  the 
United  States. 

10.  Personal   interviews   of   Confederate   representatives 
with  Napoleon  III. 

11.  The  Hewitt  myth  of  a  personal  interview  of  Charles 
Francis  Adams  with,  the  Queen. 

12.  Episode  of  the  Confederate  Rams. 

13.  Cabinet  views  on  the  capture  of  the  Trent. 

14.  Episode  of  the  capture  of  the  Florida  in  Bahia. 

15.  Purchases  of  military  supplies  by  the  United  States 
abroad. 

16.  Enlistment  of  foreigners  in  the  United  States  armies. 


I  282]  DIPLOMATIC  495 

§  281.   (1866-1895)  Reports  on  Post-Bellum  Diplomacy  (see 

Manual,  §§  83-86,  189-195). 

1.  Controversies    with    Germany    over    American    meat 
products. 

2.  Return  of  the  Japanese  indemnity  of  1862. 

3.  Removals  of  American  ministers  since  1865. 

4.  Negotiations  on  the  Danish  Islands  (1865-1871). 

5.  The  proposed  joint  intervention  in  Cuba  (1870-1877). 

6.  The   proposed   annexation   of  Santo   Domingo   under 
President  Grant. 

7.  The  question  of  making  Bering  Sea  a  closed  sea. 

8.  The  relation  of  the  United  States  to  the  Congo  Free 
State. 

9.  Question  of  the  intervention  of  the  United  States  in 
Chile  and  Peru  (1879-1882). 

10.  The  diplomacy  of  Chinese  immigration  (1867-1895). 

11.  Doctrine  of  the  right  of  asylum  in  American  embassies. 

12.  Instances  of  difficulties  arising  under  the  expatria 
tion  treaties. 

13.  The  issues  in  the  controversy  with  Chile  in  1890. 

14.  The  issues  in  the  Samoan  controversies. 

15.  Pan-American  Congress  of  1890  at  Washington. 

16.  Canal  negotiations  with  Nicaragua  (1865-1901). 

17.  Canal  negotiations  with  Colombia  (1865-1902). 

18.  Pan-American  Congress  of  1901  at  Mexico. 

19.  Pan-American  Congress  of  1906  at  Rio  Janeiro. 

20.  Question  of  extraterritoriality  in  Japan. 

21.  Question  of  extraterritorial  courts  in  China. 

22.  Fisheries  Convention  of  1885  with  Great  Britain. 

23.  Controversies    with    Canadian    authorities    over    the 
fisheries  (1885-1895). 

§  282.    (1895-1907)    Reports   on   Diplomacy   of   the  Spanish 
War  and  the  Orient  (see  Manual,  §§  83-86,  193-196). 
1.   The  issues  in  the  Venezuelan  controversy  (1895). 


496  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§282 

2.  Instances  of  jurisdiction  denied  by  the  United  States 
to  foreign  powers  over  our  merchant  vessels  in  foreign  ports. 

3.  Relations  of  the  United  States  and  the  Philippines 
before  the  war  of  1898. 

4.  The  annexation  of  Hawaii  (1896-1898). 

5.  The  diplomatic  preliminaries  of  the  war  with  Spain 
in  1898. 

6.  Captures  of  Spanish  merchantmen  in  the  war  of  1898. 

7.  Value  of  prizes  captured  during  the  Spanish  War. 

8.  The  United  States  and  Siam. 

9.  Assertions  of  the  policy  of  the   Open   Door  in  the 
Orient. 

10.  Rights  of  missionaries  in  China. 

11.  Question  of  the  Japanese  in  the  schools  of  San  Fran 
cisco. 

12.  Attitude  of  the  United  States  on  the  Chinese  indem 
nity  for  the  Boxer  trouble. 

13.  Reasons  for  the  failure  of  the  Isthmian  treaty  with 
Columbia  (1902). 

14.  Adjustment  of  disputes  with  Colombia  (1903-1908). 

15.  Negotiation  of  the  Isthmian  treaty  with  Panama. 

16.  The  United  States  in  the  Conference  of  Algeciras. ' 

§  283.  Methods  of  Library  Reports  in  Government  (Courses 
E  and  F). 

It  is  desirable  to  put  the  references  in  a  column  parallel 
with  the  text  of  the  report,  and  to  set  off  the  dates  in  a 
separate  column.  Students  are  not  expected  to  write  elabo 
rate  theses. 

§  284.   Materials  for  Library  Reports  in  Government. 

AUTHORITIES.  The  reserved  books  on  government  are 
first  to  be  exhausted.  After  that,  students  are  expected  to 
draw  from  available  libraries,  and  to  supplement  their  work, 
wherever  it  is  necessary,  by  correspondence  and  personal 
inquiry. 


§  285]  GOVERNMENT  497 

The  bibliographical  aid  which  corresponds  most  closely  in 
plan  with  these  courses  is  Actual  Government  and  the 
American  State  Series,  which  contain  general  bibliographies 
and  classified  special  bibliographies;  W.  E.  Foster,  Refer 
ences  on  the  Constitution,  is  useful;  and  foot-notes  to  the 
treatises  on  constitutional  law  and  government  will  be 
helpful.  For  general  suggestions,  Manual,  §§  24,  96,  198, 
234,  283,  285-299. 

§  285.  Reports  on  Criticisms  of  American  Government  (see 
Manual,  §§  97,  199,  202,  240.) 

1.  Opinions  of  American  government  by  some  one  of  the 
following  English  writers:   (a)  Lyell. —  (6)   Sydney  Smith. 
—  (c)  Sir  Henry  Maine.  —  (d)  Lecky.  —  (e)  Percy  Greg.  — 
(/)     Gladstone.  —  (g)     Carlyle.  —  (h)     John     Bright.  —  (i) 
George  Canning. 

2.  Montesquieu's  view  of  the  three  departments. 

3.  How  far  did  American  public  men  in  1775  know  the 
writings  of  some  one  of  the  following  publicists?  (a)  Mont 
esquieu.  —  (6)    Grotius.  —  (c)    Locke.  —  (d)    Hobbes.  —  (e) 
Vattell. 

4.  Notions  of  American  government  by  some  one  of  the 
following    French    writers:    (a)  Brissot    de  Warville. —  (6) 
Mably.  —  (c)  Carlier.  —  (d)  Tocqueville.  —  (e)  Boutmy.  — 
(/)  Chevalier.  —  (g)  Bourget. 

5.  Strictures  on  American  government  by  some  one  of 
the  following  German  writers:  (a)  Schlief. —  (6)  Von  Mohl. 
—  (c)  Von  Hoist.  —  (d)  Muensterberg. 

6.  American  defences  against  Tocqueville's  strictures. 

7.  Opinion    of    American    government    by   some    one   of 
the  following  American  statesmen:   (a)  John  Adams. —  (6) 
Thomas  Jefferson.  —  (c)   Tucker's  Blackstone.  —  (d)  J.  C. 
Calhoun.  —  (e}  Daniel  Webster.  —  (/)  Abraham  Lincoln. 

8.  Opinion    of    American    government    by   some   one   of 
the  following  American  writers:  (a)  R.  W.  Emerson. —  (6) 


498  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  285 

James  Russell  Lowell.  —  (c)  Barrett  Wendell.  —  (d)  F.  J. 
Goodnow.—  (e)  J.  W.  Burgess.—  (/)  W.  W.  Willoughby.— 
(g}  C.  W.  Eliot.  —  (h)  E.  L.  Godkin. 

§  286.   Reports  on  Citizenship  and  Fundamental  Rights  (see 

Manual,  §§  99;  100,  199-202. 

(a)  CITIZENSHIP. 

1.  Instances  of  old  American  families  on  Cape  Cod. 

2.  Conferring  of  citizenship  by  special  legislative  acts. 

3.  Instances  of  citizens  of  Chinese  blood. 

4.  Instances  of  protection  of  American  citizens  abroad. 

5.  Instances  of  Indians  becoming  citizens. 

6.  A  study  of  naturalization  proceedings  in  Boston. 

7.  The  actual  methods  of  naturalization  in  New  York  City. 

8.  Practice  with  regard  to  loss  of  citizenship. 

(b)  RACE  ELEMENTS. 

9.  Character  of  race  elements  in  some  one  of  the  follow 
ing  States  of  the  Union:   (a)  California.  —  (b)  Illinois.  —  (c) 
Minnesota.  —  (d}  Wisconsin.  —  (e}  Michigan.  —  (/)  Missouri. 
—  (g}  Massachusetts.  —  (h)  Connecticut.  —  (i)  Rhode  Island. 

10.  Character  of  the  foreign-born  voters  in  some  one  of 
the    following    cities:    (a)    Chicago. —  (6)    Cleveland. —  (c) 
Minneapolis.  —  (d)  St.  Louis.  —  (e)  New  Orleans.  —  (/)  Fall 
River.  —  (g)  Cambridge. 

11.  Meaning  of  "race,  color,  and  previous  condition  of 
servitude"  in  the  Fifteenth  Amendment. 

12.  System  of  "  protections  "  given  by  the  United  States 
diplomatic  and  consular  officials  in  semi-civilized  countries. 

(c)  PERSONAL  LIBERTY. 

13.  Instances   of  persons  held   by  others   in   permanent 
illegal  confinement. 

14.  Instances  of  permanent  loss  of  civil  rights  as  a  punish 
ment  for  crime. 


§  286]  GOVERNMENT  499 

15.  The  driving  away  of  negroes  from  Illinois. 

16.  Prevention  of  negro  emigration  to  Kansas. 

17.  Instances   of  the   banishment  of  American   citizens 
from  a  State. 

18.  Instances  of  the  sale  of  the  services  of  convicts  to 
private  persons  during  the  term  of  their  sentence. 

19.  Instances  of  the  sale  of  convicts  to  contractors,  to  be 
employed  in  gangs  away  from  the  State  prison. 

20.  Instances  of  the  sale  of  the  services  of  convicts  to 
contractors,  the  work  to  be  done  in  the  prison. 

21.  Transportation   of   paupers   against   their   will   from 
one  State  to  another. 

22.  Account  of  the  system  of  imprisonment  for  debt  in 
the  United  States  since  1789. 

23.  Account  of  imprisonment  for  debts  due  to  the  United 
States. 

24.  Instances  of  persons  now  confined  for  debt. 

25.  Cases  of  peonage. 

(d)  ALIENS  AND  NATURALIZATION. 

26.  State  restrictions  on  the  holding  of  real  estate  by 
aliens. 

27.  Instances  of  aliens  held  liable  for  military  service. 

28.  Status  of  children  of  aliens  born  in  the  United  States. 

29.  Cases  of  claims  for  protection  in  foreign  countries  by 
persons  not  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

30.  Instances  where  foreigners  domiciled  in  the  United 
States  have   been   claimed   by  foreign   governments   while 
visiting  in  their  native  country. 

31.  Right  to  expel  aliens  from  the  country. 

(e)  PRIVILEGES. 

32.  Equality  of  man  as  stated  in  State  constitutions. 

33.  United  States  laws  and  practice  for  regulating  the 
press. 


500  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§286 

34.  Authorizations  by  law  to  search  houses  at  night. 

35.  Instances  of  expatriation  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States  at  their  own  desire. 

36.  Usual  laws  punishing  offences  of  the  press. 

37.  Pennsylvania  statute  of  1903  on  press  offences. 

38.  Practice  of  the  States  with  reference  to   forbidding 
the  carrying  of  concealed  weapons. 

39.  State  practice  as  to  the  waiving  of  jury  trials. 

40.  Suggestions  that  a  decision  of  less  than  the  whole  of 
a  jury  ought  to  be  accepted. 

§  287.   Reports  on  Constitution  Making. 

1.  Origin  of  the  idea  of  conventions  assembled  solely  ta 
frame  a  constitution. 

2.  Attempts  to  limit  the  scope  of  the  work  of  a  constitu 
tional  convention. 

3.  An  account  of  the  formation  of  the  first  constitution  of 
some  one  of  the  sixteen  States  in  the  Union  before  1797 
(see  Guide,  §  143). 

4.  A  brief  history  of  the  written  constitutions  of  one  of 
the   following   States   in  the   Union:    (a)  Wisconsin.  —  (6) 
New   Hampshire.  —  (c)    Virginia.  —  (d)    Ohio.  —  (e)    New 
York. 

5.  Workings  of  the  system  of  amendment  by  which  two 
successive  legislatures  must  submit  the  same  amendment. 

6.  Tabulation  of  popular  votes  on  constitutional  amend 
ments  in  the  States  (1895-1907). 

7.  The  records  of  constitutional  conventions. 

8.  An  account  of  a  recent  State  constitutional  convention. 

9.  State  draft  constitutions  which  have  failed  of  ratifica 
tion  when  submitted  to  popular  vote. 

10.  Examples  of  State  constitutions  set  in  force  without 
the  sanction  of  the  popular  vote. 

11.  Instances   of   special   legislation   embodied   in   State 
constitutional  amendments. 


§  288]  GOVERNMENT  501 

12.  Traces  of  the  social  compact  theory  in  State  con 
stitutions. 

13.  Tendency  to  increase  the  length  of  State  constitutions. 

14.  Early  State  constitutional  conventions  in  some   one 
of  the  following  States:  (a)  Massachusetts.  —  (6)  New  York. 
—  (c)  Pennsylvania.  —  (d)  North  Carolina. 

15.  Changes  brought  about  by  the  last  New  York  consti 
tution. 

16.  An  account  of  the  last  constitutional  convention  of: 
(a)  South  Carolina.  —  (6)  Virginia.  —  (c)  Oklahoma.  —  (d) 
Mississippi . 

17.  Instances    of    unwise    restrictions    on    legislation    in 
State  constitutions. 

18.  Suffrage  amendments  to  State  constitutions  (1890- 
1908). 

19.  Account  of  amendments  proposed  to  the  Articles  of 
Confederation. 

20.  Contemporary  theories  as  to  who  ratified  the  Federal 
constitution. 

21.  History  of  some  one  of  the  groups  of  amendments  to 
the    Federal    constitution:    (a)  I-X.  —  (6)   XI,  XII.  —  (c) 
XIII.  —  (d)  XIV.  —  (e)  XV. 

§  2C8.  Reports  on  Political  Methods. 

(a)  PRINCIPLES  OF  POPULAR  GOVERNMENT. 

1 .  Doctrine  of  equality  of  man  in  political  writers  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

2.  Doctrine  of  the  social  compact  before  the  Revolution. 

3.  Doctrine  of  the  social  compact  during  the  Revolution. 

4.  Doctrine  of  the  social  compact  since  the  Revolution. 

5.  European  writers  on  the  social  compact  since  1788. 

6.  Divine  right  in  English  writers  to  1775. 

7.  Doctrine  of  checks  and  balances  since  1775. 

8.  Doctrine  of  sovereignty  of  the  people  before  1775. 


502  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§288 

9.   Doctrine  of  sovereignty  of  the  people  since  1775. 

10.  Present  status  of  the  referendum  in  the  United  States. 

(b)  SUFFRAGE. 

11.  The  usuai  suffrage  in  the  English  colonies. 

12.  Were  the  restrictions  on  voting  in  colonial  Massachu 
setts  enforced? 

13.  Enlargement  of  the  suffrage  in  State  constitutions 
(1789-1829). 

14.  The  present  provisions  of  Southern  constitutions  with 
regard  to  negro  suffrage. 

15.  Present    educational    suffrage    qualifications    in    the 
United  States. 

16.  Workings  of  the  educational  qualification  in  some  one 
of   the   following   States.  —  (a)    Massachusetts.  —  (6)    Con 
necticut.  —  (c)  Mississippi. 

17.  Workings  of  the  suffrage  system  under  the  Southern 
constitutions  adopted  since  1889. 

18.  Present    property    qualifications    for    voters    in    the 
United  States. 

19.  Present  tax  qualifications  for  voters. 

20.  Account  of  limitations  of  municipal  suffrage  to  tax 
payers. 

21.  Conditions  of  suffrage  in  Rhode  Island  (1642-1908). 

22.  History  of  property  qualifications  in  one  of  the  New 
England  States. 

23.  Comparison  of  votes  with  voters  in  one  of  the  follow 
ing  cities:  (a)  Boston.  —  (6)  Philadelphia.  —  (c)  New  York. 
—  (d)  Chicago. 

24.  Workings  of  women  suffrage  in  the  states  where  they 
have  full  suffrage. 

25.  Workings  of  women's  school  suffrage. 

(c)  NOMINATING  MACHINERY. 

26.  Account  of  the  primary  in  Minnesota. 

27.  Workings  of  the  registration  system  in  some  one  State. 


§288]  GOVERNMENT  %        503 

28.  Membership  in  political  caucuses  in  New  York  City. 

29.  Political    caucuses    in    one    of   the    following    cities: 
(a)  New  York.  —  (6)  Boston.  —  (c)  San  Francisco. 

30.  Workings  of  the  Massachusetts  caucus  acts. 

31 .  Nominations  by  the  Congressional  caucus  (1789-1815). 

32.  Instances  of  bought  nominations. 

33.  System  of  "  notification' '  of  nominations  to  candidates. 

34.  An  account  of  a  State   convention   in:    (a)  Indiana. 
—  (6)  New  York.  —  (c)  Massachusetts.  — '(d)  Louisiana. 

35.  An  account  of  the  Massachusetts  Democratic  Conven 
tion  of:  (a)  1896.  —  (b)  1907. 

36.  How  do  the  bosses  get  control  of  rural  politics  in 
New  York? 

37.  Organization  of  national  conventions. 

38.  Early  political  conventions  (1783-1800). 

39.  Early  State  nominating  conventions  in  Massachusetts. 

40.  Workings  of  the  Southern  primary  system. 

(d)  CAMPAIGNS. 

41.  A  description  of  the  political  committees  in  some  one 
State. 

42.  The  authority  of  a  State  committee. 

43.  A  description  of  a  National  political  committee. 

44.  An  account  of  the  Federation  of  College  Republican 
Clubs. 

45.  Raising  party  funds  for  campaigns. 

46.  Instances  of  assessments  on  office  holders  for  cam 
paign  funds. 

47.  Campaign  literature. 

48.  Subscriptions  by  corporations  to  campaign  funds. 

(e)  VOTING. 

49.  Gerrymanders  in  some  one  State. 

50.  Workings  of  minority  representation  in  Illinois. 

51.  Why  is  the  vote  so  small  in  Southern  elections? 


504  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§288 

52.  Origin  of  the  idea  of  equal  electoral  districts. 

53.  Comparison  of  votes  and  population  in  one  of  the 
following   groups:    (a)  Indiana    and    Alabama. —  (b)  Iowa 
and  Kentucky.  —  (c)  Connecticut  and  South  Carolina. 

54.  The  "German  vote"  in  some  on?  Northern  State. 

55.  Workings  of  the  registration  system  in   one  of  the 
following  States:  (a)  New  York.  —  (6)  Pennsylvania.  —  (c) 
Illinois. 

56.  Workings  of  the  Rhode  Island   requirement   of  an 
absolute  majority  from  1861  to  1900. 

57.  Instances  of  viva  voce  elections. 

58.  Workings  of  the  former  United  States  act  for  super 
vising  elections. 

59.  Practice  of  trading  votes. 

(f)  ELECTIONS. 

60.  Comparison  of  the  majorities  received  by  members  of 
Congress  at  any  election. 

61.  Early  instances  of  fraud  in  elections  (1781-1829). 

62.  Early  instances  of  fraud  in  elections  (1829-1861). 

63.  Influence  of  corporations  on  elections. 

64.  Corrupt  practices  acts  in  the  States. 

65.  Protection  of  the  ballot   (including  count)   in   New 
York  State. 

66.  Electoral  bribery  in  some  one  of  the  following  States: 
(a)  New  Hampshire.  —  (6)  Massachusetts.  —  (c)  New  York. 

-  (d)  Illinois. 

67.  Electoral  frauds  in  some  one  of  the  following  States: 
(a)  Illinois.  —  (6)  Pennsylvania.  —  (c)  New  Hampshire.  - 
(d)  New  York.  —  (e)  South  Carolina. 

68.  An   account   of  an  election  in:    (a)  St.  Louis. —  (b) 
Philadelphia.  —  (c)   Boston.  —  (d)   New  York.  —  (e)   Balti 
more. 

69.  Election  riots  in:   (a)  Colorado. —  (6)  Baltimore. — 
(c)  Troy. 


§  289]  GOVERNMENT  505 

70.  Regulation   of   count   and  recount   of  votes  in:    (a) 
Massachusetts.  —  (b)  New  York.  —  (c)  Illinois. 

71.  Tammany's  control  of  elections  in  New  York  (1867- 
1873). 

(g)  BOSSES. 

72.  Reason  for  the  popularity  of  one  of  the  following: 
(a)  Matthew  Quay.  —  (b)  Richard  Croker.  —  (c)  Carter  Har 
rison.  —  (d)  A.  P.  Gorman.  —  (e)  Hugh  McLaughlin.  —  (/) 
S.  H.  Ashbridge.  —  (g)  Thomas  Platt.  —  (h)  Tom  Johnson. 

-  (i)    George    B.    Cox.  —  (/)    Charles    F.    Murphy.  —  (k) 
Abraham  Ruef. 

73.  Political  organization  in  some  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)    Pennsylvania. —  (b)    Connecticut. —  (c)    Cali 
fornia.  —  (d)  Iowa.  —  (e)  Colorado. 

74.  Boss  rule  in  one  of  the  following  cities:  (a)  Buffalo. 

—  (b)  Cleveland.  —  (c)  Detroit.  —  (d)  Chicago.  —  (e)  Phil 
adelphia.  —  (/)    Jersey    City.  —  (g)    Pittsburg.  —  (h)    San 
Francisco. 

§  289.   Reports  on  State  Government. 

(a)  STATUS  OF  STATES. 

1 .  Account  of  admission  of  one  of  the  States  in  the  Union  ; 
especially  interesting   are:    (a)    Ohio. —  (b)    Indiana. —  (c) 
Michigan.  —  (d)  Wisconsin.  —  (e)  California.  —  (/)  Kansas. 

—  (g)  Colorado.  —  (h)  North  Dakota.  —  (i)  Oklahoma. 

2.  Account   of  the   setting  off   of  one   of  the   following 
States   from   the    parent    State:    (a)  Vermont. —  (b)  Ken 
tucky.  —  (c)  Maine.  —  (d}  West  Virginia.  —  (e)  Tennessee. 

3.  Acts  of  Congress  declaring  State  statutes  void. 

4.  Action  of  Presidents  on  rival  State   governments  in: 
(a)     Rhode     Island.  —  (6)     Kansas.  —  (c)     Virginia.  —  (d) 
Louisiana.  —  (e)  Arkansas.  —  (/)  South  Carolina. 

5.  Principles  of  Virginia  coupon  cases. 

6.  Conditions  imposed  on  States  at  entrance. 


506  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  289 

7.  Instances  of  rival  State  governments  in:  (a)  Louisiana. 
—  (6)  South  Carolina.  —  (c)  Kansas. 

8.  Federal  subsidies  to  states. 

(b)  STATE  LEGISLATURES. 

9.  Change  from  town  to  proportional  representation  in 
the  Massachusetts  legislature. 

10.  Usual  number  of  members  in  New  England  legisla 
tures. 

11.  Workings  of  the  system  of  town  representation:  (a) 
Connecticut.  —  (6)  Rhode  Island.  —  (c)  New  Hampshire.  — 
(d)  Vermont. 

12.  The  size  of  State  legislatures  in  the  West. 

13.  Instances  of  unfit  members  of  legislatures. 

14.  Instances  of  bribery  of  members  of  State  legislatures. 

15.  Instances  of  long  service  in  State  legislatures. 

16.  Instances  of  members  of  legislatures   "  owned"   by 
corporations  or  individuals. 

17.  Likelihood  that  members  of  State  legislatures  will  be 
re-elected. 

18.  Character  of  the  legislature  of  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)    Rhode   Island.  —  (6)    New  York.  —  (c)    New 
Jersey.  —  (d)    Ohio.  —  (e)    Tennessee.  —  (/)    Wisconsin.  — 
(g)  Colorado. 

19.  Bosses  of  legislatures. 

20.  Reform  movements  in  the  legislatures  of:   (a)  New 
York.  —  (6)  New  Jersey.  —  (c)  Pennsylvania. 

21.  System  of  "strikes"  in  State  legislatures. 

22.  A  day  in  the   legislature   of:    (a)  Massachusetts. — • 
(6)  New  York.  —  (c)  Ohio,  —  (d)  Virginia. 

23.  Powers  of  State  senates  over  appointments. 

24.  Powers  of  the  Speakers  in  State  legislative  bodies. 

25.  An  historical  account  of  the  legislature  of  a  State. 

26.  Limitations  on  the  length  of  sessions  of  legislatures. 

27.  Number  of  State  statutes  passed  (in  the  last  obtain 
able  year). 


§  289]  GOVERNMENT  507 

28.  Committee  system  in  the  legislature  of:  (a)  Massa 
chusetts.  —  (6)  Rhode  Island.  —  (c)  New  York.  —  (d)  New 
Jersey.  —  (e)  Pennsylvania.  —  (/)  Alabama.  —  (g)  Iowa. 

29.  Committee  hearings  in  the  state  legislatures. 

30.  Instances  of  dead-locks  between  the  two  houses  of 
State  legislatures. 

31.  Prohibitions   in   State   constitutions  against   private 
legislation. 

32.  Instances  of  iniquitous  private  acts  in  the  States. 

33.  Instances  of  beneficent  private  legislation  by  States. 

34.  Vagaries  of  legislation  in  one  of  the  following  States: 
(a)  Missouri.  —  (6)  Wyoming.  —  (c)  North  Carolina.  —  (d) 
Arkansas.  —  (e)  Colorado. 

(c)  STATE  GOVERNORS. 

35.  Governorship  of  States  placed  in  commission. 

36.  Salary  and  emoluments  of  Governors. 

37.  Instances  of  Governors  repeatedly  re-elected. 

38.  Status  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor. 

39.  Governors'  mansions. 

40.  Appointing  power  of  Governors. 

41.  Use  of  the  Governor's  veto  in  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)    New    Hampshire.  —  (&)    Massachusetts.  —  (c) 
New  York.  —  (d)  Minnesota.  —  (e)  Montana.  —  (/)  Ohio.  — • 
(g)  Pennsylvania. 

42.  Status  of  the  Governor  of  Ohio. 

43.  Examples  of  important  State  vetoes. 

44.  Social  functions  of  Governors  (speech-making,  etc.). 
45.-  Status  of  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania. 

46.  Governors  as  members  of  state  commissions. 

47.  Military  authority  of  Governors. 

(d)  STATE  EXECUTIVE  OFFICERS. 

48.  Status  of  the  Secretary  of  State  in  the  various  States. 

49.  The   executive   departments   in   the   government  of: 
(a)  Massachusetts.  —  (6)  New  York.  —  (c)  Pennsylvania. 


508  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§289 

50.  Attempts  to   introduce   the   Cabinet   system  in  the 
States. 

51.  Vagaries  of  State  commissions  in:   (a)  Massachusetts. 
—  (6)  New  York.  —  (c)  California. 

52.  Impeachment  of  State  executive  officials. 

53.  Executive  boards  in  one  of  the  following  States:   (a) 
Minnesota.  —  (6)  Massachusetts.  —  (c)  Illinois.  —  (d)  Okla 
homa. 

54.  The  functions  of  the  State  treasurer  in  the  States. 

55.  Instances  of  removal   of  executive   officials  by  the 
Governor. 

56.  Defects  in  the  executive  system  in  the  States. 

57.  An  estimate  of  the  number  of  persons  holding  State 
office:  (a)  Maine. —  (6)  Massachusetts. —  (c)  New  York.— 
(d}  Pennsylvania.  —  (e)  Missouri. 

58.  Relation  of  State  Historical  Societies  to  the  State. 

59.  Instances   of   State   executive   officials   many   times 
re-elected. 

60.  Supervision  of  State  officials  by  the  governor. 

(e)  STATE  JUDICIARY. 

61.  Present  methods  of  selecting  judges  in  the  States. 

62.  Workings  of  the  elective  judiciary  in  some  one  State. 

63.  A  description  of  the  judiciary  system  of  some  one 
State. 

64.  Instances  of  packing  a  State  Supreme  Court. 

65.  Instances  of  judges  failing  of  re-election  on  account 
of  an  unpopular  judicial  decision. 

66.  Instances  of  unfit  State  judges. 

67.  Changes  in  the  judiciary  system  of  the  State  of   New 
York  since  1889. 

68.  Historical  sketch  of  the  growth  of  the  elective  judi 
ciary. 

69.  Instances  of  corrupt  judges  in  some  one  State:   (a) 
New  York.  —  (b)  Colorado.  —  (c)  Ohio. 


§290]  GOVERNMENT  509 

70.  A  day  in  the  courts  of  some  one  State. 

71.  Some  account  of  cases  appealed  from  the  Supreme 
Court  of  some  one  State  to  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 

72.  Principles  of  change  of  venue  in  criminal  cases. 

73.  Instances   of   mandamus   of   State   courts   on   State 
executive  officers. 

74.  Instances  of  State  acts  held  unconstitutional  by  the 
courts  of  one  of  the  States. 

75.  Relation    of    courts    to    the    labor    controversy  in: 
(a)  Colorado.  —  (6)   New  York.  —  (c)  Pennsylvania.  —  (d) 
California. 

§  290.  Reports  on  Local  Government. 

(a)  SUPERVISION  OF  LOCAL  GOVERNMENTS. 

1 .  Supervisory  powers  of  State  officials  over  municipalities. 

2.  Supervision  of  township  government  by  county  offi 
cials  in  some  one  Western  State. 

3.  Supervisory    power    of    State    officials    over    locality 
officers. 

4.  Functions  performed  for  the  States  by  local  govern 
ments. 

5.  Isntances  of  control  of  local  officials  in  their  exercise  of 
local  functions. 

6.  Relation  between  the  Governor  and  municipal  govern 
ments  in:    (a)  New  York. —  (6)   Massachusetts. —  (c)   Illi 
nois.  —  (d)  Missouri. 

(b)  LOCAL  SUBDIVISIONS. 

7.  Workings  of  the  school  district  system. 

8.  Incorporated  village  government. 

9.  Borough  government. 

10.  The  Louisiana  system  of  police  juries. 

11.  Water  districts. 


510  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§290 

(c)  NEW  ENGLAND  TOWNS. 

12.  A  description  of  a  town  meeting  of  some  New  England 
town. 

13.  Cambridge  town  meetings  (1789-1846). 

14.  Oddities  of  the  colonial  town  meetings  of  some  one 
New  England  town. 

15.  Boston  town  meeting  (1800-1823). 

16.  Functions  of  selectmen  in  some  one  New  England 
town. 

17.  Defects  of  the  town-meeting  system. 

18.  Newport  system  of  city  council  government. 

19.  Supervision  of  the  town  meeting  over  finances. 

20.  The  town  school-committee. 

21.  Duties  of  the  town  clerk. 

(d)  MIDDLE  AND  WESTERN  TOWNS. 

22.  Defects  in  the  township-county  system. 

23.  Defects  of  New  York  town  governments. 

24.  Town  government  in   one   of  the   following   States: 
(a)  California. —  (b)  Utah.  —  (c)  Wisconsin.  —  (d}  Nebraska. 
—  (e)  Indiana. 

26.  Town  meetings  in:  (a)  Ohio.  —  (b)  Michigan. —  (c) 
Nebraska. 

27.  Rural  government  in  Minnesota. 

(e)  COUNTY  GOVERNMENT. 

28.  Number  of  counties  in  the  States  compared. 

29.  Present  county  government  in  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)    South    Carolina. —  (b)    North    Carolina. —  (c) 
Louisiana.  —  (d)  Virginia.  —  (e)  Georgia. 

30.  Criticism  of  the  government  of  a  particular  county 
in:    (a)  New  York.  —  (b)   Pennsylvania.  —  (c)   Ohio.  —  (d) 
Kentucky. 

31.  Workings  of  county  government  in  Pennsylvania. 


§290]  GOVERNMENT  511 

32.  County  boards  in  New  York. 

33.  Did  Jones  County,  Mississippi,  secede? 

34.  County  jails  in  Minnesota. 

35.  Defects  in  county  commissioners  system  of  Massa 
chusetts. 

(f)  FORM  AND  WORKINGS  OF  CITIES. 

36.  History   of    the    charter    of:     (a)    New   York.  —  (6) 
Buffalo.  —  (c)  Albany.  —  (d)  Philadelphia.  —  (e)  Baltimore. 

—  (/)  Cleveland.  —  (g)  Chicago. 

37.  Instances  of  reform  charters  (1894-1908). 

38.  Defects  and  remedies  in  the  government  of  one  of 
the    following    cities:    (a)   Cambridge. —  \Jb)    Somerville. — 
(c)  Columbus.  —  (d)  Atlanta.  —  (e)  Milwaukee.  —  (/)   New 
Orleans. 

39.  Defects  in  the  government  of  one  of  the  following 
cities:    (a)   Cleveland. —  (6)   Chicago. —  (c)    Detroit. —  (d) 
San  Francisco.  — •  (e)  St.  Louis.  —  (/)  Utica.  —  (g)  Pittsburg. 

40.  Defects  of  the  Greater  New  York  charter. 

41.  Degree  of  success  of  city  governments  in  small  cities 
in  Massachusetts. 

42.  "Ripper  Acts"  of  1900  for  Pennsylvania  city  govern 
ments. 

43.  Instances  of  illegal  assumption  of  power  by  cities. 

44.  Corrupt  grants  of  franchises  in:  (a)  New  York  City.  — 
(6)  Philadelphia.  —  (c)  Chicago.  —  (d)  Pittsburg. 

45.  Municipal  courts  in  Massachusetts. 

46.  Reform    in    the    city    governments    of:     (a)    Phila 
delphia.  —  (&)    Pittsburg.  —  (c)    Cincinnati.  —  (d)    Chicago. 

—  (e)  St.  Louis.  —  (/)  Minneapolis.  —  (g)  San  Francisco. 

47.  Instances  of  the  exercise  of  judicial  functions  by  local 
executive  officers. 

(g)  ADMINISTRATION  IN  CITIES. 

48.  Salaries  of  members  of  municipal  legislatures. 

49.  Single  chambers  in  municipal  government. 


512  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§  290 

50.  Working  of  the  second  chamber  system  in  city  gov 
ernment. 

51.  Legislative  body  of  Boston  since  1823. 

52.  Duties  performed  for  the  State  by  municipal  officials. 

53.  Relations  of  heads  of  city  departments  to  each  other. 

54.  Relations  of  heads  of  departments  to  the  mayor. 

55.  Mayor's  removal  power. 

56.  The  " Cabinet  system"  in  city  government. 

57.  City  documents. 

58.  Usual  salaries  of  the  principal  city  officials. 

59.  System  of  appointive  city  boards  having  power  to 
make  appropriations. 

60.  The  number  of  persons  employed  by  the   city  of: 
(a)    Boston.  —  (6)    New    York.  —  (c)    Philadelphia.  —  (d) 
Chicago. —  (e)  Cleveland.  —  (/)  St.  Louis. —  (#)  New  Orleans. 

61.  Administration  of  a  city  fire  department. 

62.  The  workings  of  the  Boston  fire  commission. 

63.  Municipal  departments  of  public  buildings. 

64.  The  Park  Commission  in  some  one  city. 

65.  The  Water  Commission  in  some  one  city. 

66.  Administration  of  a  city  police  department. 

67.  Administration  of  a  city  health  department. 

68.  System  of  paving  and  repairs  of  pavement  in  large 
cities. 

69.  Administration  of  street  departments  in  cities. 

70.  Application  of  civil  service  reform  in  one  of  the  follow 
ing  cities:   (a)  Boston. —  (6)  New  York. —  (c)   Chicago.— 
(d)  St.  Louis. 

71.  Character  and  workings  of  the  Board  of  Education 
of:  (a)  Cleveland.  —  (6)  Chicago.  —  (c)  St.  Paul.  —  (d)  San 
Francisco. 

72.  Government  of  schools  in  some  one  city. 

73.  The  Gas  Commission  in  some  one  city. 

74.  Commission  government  in  Galveston. 

75.  Commission  government  in  Houston,  Dallas,  and  Fort 
Worth. 


§  291]  GOVERNMENT  513 

76.  Commission  government  in  Des  Moines. 

77.  Advantages  and  defects  of  commission  government. 

§  291.   Reports  on  the  National  Legislative. 

(a)  MEMBERS  OF  CONGRESS. 

1.  Instances  of  Senators  who  did  not  reside  in  the  States 
from  which  they  were  elected. 

2.  Instances  of  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
who  did  not  reside  in  the  districts  from  which  they  were 
elected. 

3.  Previous  education  and  public  service  of  the  present 
Representatives. 

4.  Previous    education    and    public    services   of    present 
Senators  when  first  elected. 

5.  Administration  of  mileage  for  Congressmen. 

6.  An   account   of  a   contested   election   controversy   in 
Congress. 

7.  House     members     unseated:     (a)     1789-1820.  --  (b) 
1821-1840.  —  (c)  1841-1860.—  (d)  1861-1880.  —  (e)  1881- 
1907. 

8.  Senators  unseated:  (a)  1789-1830.  —  (6)  1831-1870.— 
(c)  1871-1907. 

9.  Instances  of  very  long  service  by  members:  (a)  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  —  (b)  Senators. 

10.  Instances  of  privilege  claimed  by  members  of  Con 
gress  to  prevent  arrest. 

(b)  ORGANIZATION  OF  CONGRESS. 

11.  Instances  of  corruption  in  Congress. 

12.  Flanagan's  "Bigur  man  than  old  Grant"  episode. 

13.  Franking  privilege  of  members  of  Congress. 

14.  Assignment  of  seats  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 

15.  The  clerical  force  of  Congress. 

16.  Foreign  commendations  of  the  Senate. 


514  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§  291 

17.  Instances  of  instructions  of  United  States  Senators  by 
State  legislatures. 

18.  The  President  of  the  Senate. 

19.  Success  as  a  speaker  of:  (a)  T.  B.  Reed.  —  (6)  Joseph 
T.  Cannon. 

20.  Instances   of  minor   officials   of  Congress   who   have 
served  a  long  time. 

(c)  CONGRESSIONAL  COMMITTEES. 

21.  Manner  in  which  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  appoints  to  committees. 

22.  Instances  of  appointment  of  House  committees  by 
ballot. 

23.  Influences  in  the  appointment  of  committees  by  the 
Speaker  at  the  beginning  of  some  particular  Congress. 

24.  Appointment  of  committees  in  the  Senate. 

25.  Procedure  of  Congressional  committees  in  session. 

26.  Instances  of  open  hearings  held  by  committees  of 
Congress. 

27.  Principle  of  seniority  in  Committees. 

28.  Correspondence  between  heads  of  departments  and 
chairmen  of  committees  in  Congress. 

29.  Instances  of  arguments  made  by  heads  of  depart 
ments  before  committees  of  Congress. 

30.  Workings  of  Congressional  conference  committees. 

31.  Can   bills   be   brought   before  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives   for    consideration   except    on    the    report    of   a 
committee? 

32.  Committee  on  Rules. 

33.  The  "Steering  Committee"  in  Congress. 

34.  Foreign  criticisms  of  the  "  Congressional  system." 

35.  Attempts  of  committees  to  get  the  floor  for  their 
business. 

36.  Number  of  written  reports  made  oy  committees. 


§  291]  GOVERNMENT  515 

(d)  CONGRESS  IN  SESSION. 

37.  Protests  against  secret  sessions  of  the  Senate. 

38.  Instances  of  disorderly  sessions  of  Congress. 

39.  Instances  of  long  speeches  in  the  Senate,  intended  to 
obstruct. 

40.  Instances  of  very  long  debates  in  Congress 

41.  Instances  of  long-continued  filibustering  in  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

42.  Methods  of  stopping  filibustering. 

43.  Influence  of  Senators  on  private  bills. 

44.  Waste  of  time  in  sessions  of  Congress. 

45.  Instances  of  Congressmen  imperiling  their  seats  by 
voting  against  the  opinion  of  their  constituents. 

46.  The  workings  of  the  previous  question  in  Congress. 

47.  Suspension  of  the  rules  of  the  House. 

48.  " Bringing  in  a  rule"  in  the  House  of  Representa 
tives. 

49.  The  closing  hours  of  sessions  of  Congress. 

•  (e)  LEGISLATIVE  OUTPUT. 

50.  Number    of    bills    introduced,    reported,    discussed, 
passed  one  House,  passed  the  second  House,  enrolled,  sent 
to  the  President,  signed,  vetoed,  became  law  by  ten  days' 
rule,  and  pocketed,  in  any  one  Congress  since  1829. 

51.  Instances    of    appearance    of    Cabinet    ministers    in 
Congress. 

52.  Instances  of  bills  drafted  by  Cabinet  officers. 

53.  Instances  of  the  President's  affecting  legislation  by 
patronage. 

54.  Instances  of  the  President's  influencing  pending  legis 
lation  by  conversations  with  members. 

55.  Instances  of  use  of  the  Vice-President's  casting  vote. 

56.  Instances  of  errors  in  the  engrossment  of  bills. 

57.  Incidents  of  the  President's  signing  bills. 


516  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  291 

58.  Number  of  Federal   statutes  passed   in  the   United 
States  by  signature  of  the  President,  by  ten  day  rule,  and 
over  the  veto. 

59.  Cases  of  discretionary  powers  of  legislation  bestowed 
on  Presidents. 

60.  Pocketed  bills. 

61.  Operation  of  the  ten  day  rule. 

§  292.   Reports  on  the  National  Executive, 
(a)  THE  PRESIDENT. 

1.  Previous  education  and  public  service  of  Presidents. 

2.  How  is  the  question  of  the  disability  of  the  President 
decided? 

3.  Instances  of  Vice-Presidents  in  confidential  relations 
with  Presidents. 

4.  Instances  of  ex-Presidents  and  ex-Vice-Presidents  re- 
entering  public  life. 

5.  Presidential  tours. 

6.  Administration  of  the  White  House. 

7.  Presidents'  wives.  * 

8.  The  social  life  of  the  White  House. 

9.  Instances    of   ex-Presidents    in    confidential    relations 
with  Presidents. 

(b)  THE  DEPARTMENTS. 

10.  The  Belknap  impeachment  proceedings. 

11.  An  account  of  a  Congressional  investigation  of  an 
executive  officer. 

12.  Efforts  of  executive  officers  to  prevent  investigations 
by  Congress. 

13.  Instances  where  the  President  has  overruled  the  head 
of  a  department. 

14.  Forced  resignations  of  Cabinet  officers. 

15.  An  account  of  the  National  Bureau  of  Education. 

16.  The  Secretary  to  the  President. 


§292]  GOVERNMENT  517 

17.  The  workings  of  a  government  bureau  in  Washington. 

18.  The  Government  Printing  Office. 

19.  Have  executive  regulations  for  government  employees 
the  force  of  law? 

20.  An  account  of  the  workings  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigra 
tion. 

21.  Instances  of  conflict  of  jurisdiction  between  heads  of 
departments. 

22.  Results  of  the  "Dockery"  investigation. 

23.  Results  of  the  "Cockrell"  investigation. 

24.  Legal  advisers  of  the  various  departments. 

25.  Results  of  the  investigation  of  1907. 

(c)  APPOINTMENTS  AND  REMOVALS. 

26.  Tabulation  of  officers  of  the  United  States  who  have 
a  four  years'  tenure. 

27.  Additions    to    list    of    officials    having    four    years' 
tenure:    (a)  1821-1840.  —  (b)   1841-1860.  —  (c)   1861-1880. 

-  (d)  1881-1900. 

28.  Instances    of    important    nominations    which    have 
failed  of  confirmation  by  the  Senate. 

29.  Instances  of  appointment  of  Senators  to  executive 
offices. 

30.  Instances  of   "senatorial   courtesy"   used   to   secure 
nominations. 

31.  Instances  of  "senatorial   courtesy"   used   to   defeat 
nominations. 

32.  Instances  of  forced  resignation  of  army  and  navy 
officers. 

33.  Instances  of  officers  appointed  without  their  office 
having  been  acknowledged  by  Congress. 

34.  Instances  of  dismissals  of  important  United  States 
officers  (not  Cabinet  ministers)  for  cause. 

35.  Women  office-holders  in  the  Federal  service. 

36.  Process  of  appointments  by  heads  of  departments. 


518  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  292 

(d)  CIVIL  SERVICE  REFORM. 

37.  History  of  the  Civil  Service  Commission. 

38.  Instances  of  violation  of  the  civil  service  rules. 

39.  Present  number  of  persons  in  the  Federal  service. 

40.  Account  of  the  attitude  of  Congress  toward  the  first 
Civil  Service  Commission  (1869-1877). 

41.  Account  of  attacks  on  the  Civil  Service  Commission 
since  1883,  and  the  results. 

42.  Preference  to  soldiers  in  Federal  appointments. 

§  293.   Reports  on  the  National  Judiciary. 

(a)  JUDGES  AND  COURTS. 

1.  Instances    of   appointments    of    Federal    judges   with 
reference  to  their  opinions  on  pending  judicial  questions. 

2.  Usual  length  of  service  of  Federal  judges. 

3.  Instances  of  resignation  of  Federal  judges  (not  retire 
ment)  . 

4.  Workings  of  the  retirement  system  for  United  States 
judges. 

5.  Novelties  in  the  Judiciary  Acts  of:    (a)  1789.  —  (6) 
1801.— (c)  1802. 

6.  Power  of  appointment  by  Federal  judges. 

7.  Annual   expenses   of  the   United   States   for   judicial 
salaries  (tabulated). 

8.  Comparative  table  of  Federal  judicial  salaries  (1789- 
1907). 

9.  Impeachments  of  Federal  judges. 

10.  Foreign  commendations  of  the  Supreme  Court. 

11.  The  legal  decisions  of  the  Commissioners  of  Public 
Lands. 

12.  Workings  of  the  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals. 

13.  Proportion    of   cases   appealed    from   lower   Federal 
Courts  overruled  by  the  Supreme  Court. 


§293]  GOVERNMENT  519< 

(b)  SUITS  (see  Manual,  §§  105-108,  113,  114). 

14.  Instances    of    long    protracted    suits    before    United 
States  courts. 

15.  Number  of  cases  decided  by  Supreme  Court  and  left 
undecided  annually  (1881-1900). 

16.  Important  decisions  of  the  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals. 

17.  Important   decisions   of  the   Supreme   Court   of  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

18.  Instances  of  suits  by  a  foreign  government  before  the 
Supreme  Court. 

19.  Instances  of  refusal  of  United  States  courts  to  con 
sider  "  political  cases." 

20.  Is  a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  binding  on  Con 
gress? 

21.  Process  of  "  removal"  of  suits  from  State  courts  to 
United  States  courts. 

22.  Instances  of  convictions  for  piracy  by  Federal  courts. 

23.  Instances  of  obiter  dicta  by  Supreme  Court  justices. 

24.  Cases  dismissed  by  Federal  courts  as  not  bona  fide. 

25.  Clerk's  records  of  a  Federal  court. 

26.  Practice  of  the  Federal  courts  as  to  postponing  cases. 

27.  Suits  entertained  by  the  Supreme  Court  against  States. 

28.  Decisions   of   lower    Federal    courts   which   are   not 
appealable. 

(c)  WRITS  AND  APPEALS 

29.  Distinction  between  "appeal"  and  "writ  of  error"  in 
the  practice  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court. 

30.  Instances  of   important  habeas  corpus   cases   before 
United  States  courts. 

31.  Practice  of  State  courts  with  regard  to  habeas  corpus 
on  persons  held  under  the  authority  of  Federal  courts. 

32.  Practice   of   Federal    courts   with   regard    to   habeas 
corpus  on  persons  held  under  the  authority  of  State  courts. 

33.  Practice  as  to  the  suspension  of  habeas  corpus. 


520  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§293 

34.  Instances  of  refusal  by  Federal  military  officers  to 
obey  habeas  corpus  writs. 

35.  Instances  of  mandamus  by  Federal  courts  on  Federal 
officials. 

36.  Attempts  to  mandamus  cabinet  officers. 

(d)  DECLARING  ACTS  VOID  (see  Manual,  §217)- 

37.  Cases  in  which  laws  of  one  of  the  following  States 
have   been    declared    void    by  United    States    courts:    (a) 
Kansas.  —  (b)  Pennsylvania.  —  (c)  Texas.  —  (d)  Ohio.  —  (e) 
New  York. 

38.  Instances  of  United  States  acts  declared  unconstitu 
tional  by  State  courts. 

39.  Instances  of  State  tax  laws  held  void  by  the  United 
State  courts. 

40.  Foreign  comments  on  the  system  of  declaring  acts 
void  by  .courts. 

41.  Decisions  of  lower  Federal  courts  that  Acts  of  Con 
gress  are  unconstitutional  overruled  by  the  Supreme  Court. 

§  294.   Reports  on  Territorial  Functions. 

(a)  PRIVATE  LAND  HOLDING. 

1.  The  great  ranches  in  the  cattle  country. 

2.  Great  estates  in  California. 

3.  Great  landed  estates  in  Texas. 

4.  Common  property  rights  on  Cape  Cod. 

5.  Great  timber  estates  in  the  far  West. 

6.  Large  estates  of  present  Southern  planters. 

(b)  STATE  AND  LOCAL  REAL  ESTATE. 

7.  'Construction  of  City  Halls. 

8.  An  historical  account  of  the  capitols  of  one  of  the  fol 
lowing  States:    (a)    Massachusetts. —  (b)   Rhode  Island. — 
(c)  Connecticut.  —  (d)  New  Hampshire.  —  (e)  New  York.  — 
(/)  New  Jersey.  —  (g)  Pennsylvania.  —  (h)  Maryland.  —  (i) 
Virginia. 


§  294]  GOVERNMENT  521 

9.   State  public  land  in:  (a)  Maine.  —  (6)  Texas. 

10.  The   public  property  of  one  of  the  following  cities: 
(a)  Cambridge.  —  (b)  Boston.  —  (c)  New  York.  —  (d)  Phila 
delphia.  —  (e)  St.  Louis.  —  (/)  Galveston. 

11.  The  municipal  ownership  of:  (a)  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.  —  (b)  New  Orleans  Belt  Railroad.  —  (c)  Monroe 
(La.)  trolley  line. 

12.  Accounts  of  purchase  of  real  estate  for  city  purposes. 

(c)  STATE  AND  CITY  PARKS  AND  FORESTS. 

13.  Present  status  of  State  forests  in  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)    Maine. —  (6)    New    Hampshire. —  (c)    Massa 
chusetts.  —  (d)  New  York.  —  (e)  Michigan.  —  (/)  Washing 
ton.  —  (g)  North  Carolina. 

14.  State  parks  or  reservations  in  some  one  of  the  States. 

15.  Working    of  the    Massachusetts    Metropolitan    Park 
system. 

16.  Administration  of  city  parks  in  one  of  the  following 
cities:    (a)  Chicago. —  (b)  Minneapolis. —  (c)  Cleveland. — 
(d)  Washington.  —  (e}  New  York.  —  (/)  Chicago.  —  (g)  San 
Francisco. 

(d)  BOUNDARIES  AND  OUTLYING  JURISDICTIONS. 

17.  Practice  of  the  courts  as  to  questions  involving  dis 
puted  exterior  boundaries. 

18.  Coaling  and  naval  stations  of  the  United  States  out 
side  of  Federal  jurisdiction. 

19.  Attitude  of  Supreme  Court  on  the  Alaska  dispute. 

(e)  WATER  JURISDICTION. 

20.  Map  of  the  water  boundary  of  the  United  States. 

21.  A  list  of  waters  claimed  by  the  United  States  outside 
the  three-mile  line. 

22.  Cases  where  the  seashore  below  high-water  mark  is: 
(a)  public  property.  —  (b)  private  property. 


522  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  294 

23.  Instances  where  the  United  States  has  claimed  invio 
lability  for  American  merchant  ships  in  foreign  ports. 

24.  Cases  of  aggression  by  foreign  cruisers  within  the  ter 
ritorial  waters  of  the  United  States. 

25.  Instances   of  trials  of  persons  belonging  to  foreign 
merchant  ships  for  crimes  committed  in  American  harbors. 

26.  Instances  of  crimes  committed  on  board  foreign  men- 
of-war  in  United  States  waters. 

27.  Tribunal    for    offences    committed    by    civilians    on 
United  States  ships  of  war  on  the  high  seas. 

28.  Instances  of  jurisdiction  claimed  by  the  United  States 
in  enclosed  bays. 

29.  Jurisdiction  over  American  fishing  vessels  at  sea. 

30.  Status  of  Guano  islands  under  United  States  protec 
tion. 

(f)  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

31.  The  selection  of  the  site  and  laying  out  of  the  city  of 
Washington. 

32.  Approximate  value  of  government  property  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

33.  Charitable  institutions  supported  by  Congress. 

34.  Account  of  the  recession  of  Alexandria   County  to 
Virginia. 

35.  Workings  of  the  present  District  government  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

(g)  POSTS  AND  SITES. 

36.  Cost  of  the  four  largest  post-office  buildings. 

37.  Approximate  value  of  the  real  estate  occupied  by  the 
United  States  for  public  business. 

38.  Number  and   value  of:    (a)   arsenals.  —  (6)   custom 
houses. 

39.  May  the  United  States  condemn  State  property  for 
national  purposes? 


§  294]  GOVERNMENT  523 

40.  Number  and  value  of  post-office  buildings. 

41.  Number  and  value  of  military  posts. 

42.  Number  and  value  of  lighthouses. 

43.  Process  of  acquiring  title  to  real  estate  for  federal 
purposes. 

44.  The  process  of  ceding  lands  by  States  to  the  United 
States  for  public  purposes  (illustrate  by  specific  examples) . 

45.  Instances  of  jurisdiction  over  offences  committed  in 
government  buildings. 

(h)  UNORGANIZED  TERRITORIES. 

46.  Account  of  provisional  territorial  governments  in  one 
of  the  following  territories:  (a)  Louisiana   (1803-1804). — 
(6)  Florida  (1819-1822).—  (c)  New  Mexico  (1848-1850).— 
(d)  California  (1848-1850).  —  (e)  Alaska  (1867-1889).  —  (/) 
Hawaii     (1898-1899).  —  (g)    Northwest    Territory     (1787- 
1798). 

47.  Effect  of  annexation  on  the  pre-existing  laws  of  the 
annexed  region. 

48.  Special  tariffs  for  unorganized  territory. 

(i)  ORGANIZED  TERRITORIES. 

49.  Instances  of  territorial  statutes  annulled  by  Congress. 

50.  Instances  of  the  relegation  of  organized  territory  to 
the  unorganized  status. 

51.  Character  of  the  Governors  of  the  territories. 

52.  Question  of  appointment  of  residents  of  territories  to 
territorial  offices. 

53.  Cost    of    organized    territorial    governments    to    the 
United  States. 

54.  Difficulties    in    the    territorial    government    of:    (a) 
Hawaii.  —  (6)  Porto  Rico.  —  (c)  Philippines.  —  (d)  Alaska. 
—  (e)  Oklahoma. 

55.  Instances  of  corrupt  territorial  governments. 


524  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§294 

(j)  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

56.  History  of  the  tree-claim  system. 

57.  History  of  the  pre-emption  system. 

58.  Workings  of  the  desert-land  system. 

59.  Grants  of  land  to  States  for  the  construction  of  public 
buildings. 

60.  Status  of  the  severalty  system  for  Indiana. 

61 .  Instances  of  mineral  lands  leased  by  the  United  States. 

62.  Income  from  sales  of  public  lands  (1889-1907). 

63.  Disposition  of  the  public  lands  (1889-1907). 

64.  Disposition    of    lands    granted    to    States    to    found 
universities. 

65.  Principles  governing  the  taking  up  of  mining  claims 
under  United  States  law. 

66.  Land  frauds  in  Oregon  and  Washington. 

67.  Usual  process  of  selecting  and  acquiring  public  land. 

68.  Federal  irrigation  works. 

(k)  NATIONAL  PARKS  AND  FORESTS. 

69.  Management  of  Yellowstone  Park. 

70.  Management  of  government  reservations  in  California. 

71.  Status  of  national  parks. 

72.  Federal  forest  reserves. 

(1)  INDIANS. 

73.  Ownership  of  real  estate  in  Indian  Territory. 

74.  Administration  of  Indian  trust  funds. 

75.  Government  control  of  Indian  reservations. 

76.  Workings  of  the  Carlisle  Indian  School. 

77.  Religious  questions  in  Indian  schools. 

78.  Account  of  life  on  an  Indian  reservation. 

79.  Use  of  Indians  as  United  States  soldiers. 

80.  Account  of  a  negotiation  and  treaty  with  Indians 
since  1865. 


§  295]  GOVERNMENT  525 

81.   Constitutional   relation  with   the   Indians  as  a  pre 
cedent  for  control  of  the  Filipinos. 

§  295.  Reports  on  Financial  Functions  (Manual,  §§  24,  117, 
118,  148,  220,  221,  227,  228). 

(a)  FINANCIAL  ADMINISTRATION. 

1.  Who  decides  whether  a  Federal  payment  of  money  is 
according  to  an  appropriation? 

2.  Statement  of  long  standing  unsettled  accounts  due  the 
United  States  by  individuals. 

3.  Receipts  and  expenditures  of  New  York  State  (1861- 
1907). 

4.  Total  income  and  expenditure  of  the  forty-six  States 
for  the  last  year  obtainable. 

5.  Indemnity  of  State  property  from  national  taxation. 

6.  Inspectoral  service  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

7.  Workings  of  the  Treasury  secret  service. 

8.  Instances  of  Massachusetts  claims  against  the  Federal 
government  (1781-1907). 

9.  Instances  of  accounts  held  up  by  the  auditors  of  the 
Treasury. 

10.  Instances    of    appropriations    in    lump    sums    to    be 
expended  by  heads  of  departments. 

1 1 .  Annual  cost  of  the  government  of  some  one  State  (ex 
cluding  permanent  improvements)  for  the  years  1867-1907. 

12.  Financial  control  of  State  correctional  and  charitable 
institutions. 

(b)  TAXATION. 

13.  Rates  of  local  taxation  compared  for  a  town,  a  vil 
lage,  a  small  city,  and  a  large  city. 

14.  System   of   assessment   of   taxes   in:    (a)   Boston. — 
(6)    New    York.  —  (c)    Philadelphia.  —  (d)    Atlanta.  —  (e) 
Chicago.  —  (/)  Kansas  City. 


526  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  295 

15.  System  of  delinquent  taxes  in:  (a)   Philadelphia.  — 
(6)  New  York.  —  (c)  Cleveland. 

16.  Personal  taxes  in  some  one  State. 

17.  An  account  of  the  Federal  "Conscience  Fund." 

18.  An  account  of  the  United  States  taxes  on  bank  checks. 

19.  Control  of  municipal  taxation  by  State  officials. 

20.  History  of  the  whisky  tax. 

21.  History  of  the  United  States  income  taxes. 

22.  State  income  taxes. 

23.  Instances  of  State  tax  laws  held  void  by  the  State 
Supreme  Courts. 

24.  Tax-dodging  in:  (a)  Massachusetts.  —  (6)  New  York. 
-  (c)  Chicago. 

25.  Workings  of  the  former  Ohio  tax-discovery  system. 

26.  Personal  taxes  in  some  one  State  as:   (a)  Pennsyl 
vania.  —  (6)  Texas.  —  (c)  Ohio. 

27.  Succession  and  legacy  taxes  in  the  States. 

28.  Workings  of  the  Federal  succession  duty  of  1898. 

29.  Application  of  the  Federal  oleomargarine  laws. 

30.  Instances  of  taxation  of  ecclesiastical  property. 

31.  Instances  of  taxation  of  institutions  of  learning. 

32.  Taxes  on  street   railroads  in:    (a)   New  York.  —  (6) 
Pennsylvania.  —  (c)  Colorado.  —  (d)  Ohio.  —  (e)  Illinois.  — 
(/)  Massachusetts. 

33.  Taxing  franchises  for  the  use  of  public  streets  by 
steam  railroads. 

34.  Instances   of  state   excises   on   the   manufacture   of 
liquor. 

35.  High  liquor  license  taxes. 

36.  License   taxes    (other   than   liquor   licenses)    in   the 
States. 

37.  Account  of  "moonshine  whisky." 

38.  Instances  of  double  taxation  on  mortgaged  land. 

39.  An  account  of  the  Federal  tax  on  proprietary  articles. 

40.  Instances  of  State  tax  laws  held  void  by  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court. 


$  295]  GOVERNMENT  527 

41.  State  taxes  on  railroads. 

42.  State  taxation  of  corporations  in  the  States. 

43.  Defects  in  the  financial  system  of  some  one  State. 

44.  Systems  of  " betterment  assessments." 

45.  An  account  of  State  taxes  on  telephone  companies. 

(c)  CUSTOMS  DUTIES. 

46.  Instances    of   Treasury   decisions    overruled    by   the 
courts. 

47.  Successive  methods  of  examining  passengers'  baggage 
at  entrance  ports. 

48.  Disposition  of  unclaimed  goods  at  the  custom-house. 

49.  The   duties   (1789-1907)   on:   (a)   Gloves.  —  (6)   Silk 
goods.  —  (c)    Champagne.  —  (d)   Books.  —  (e)   Watches.  — 
(/)  Works  of  art.  —  (g)  Men's  clothing.  —  (h)  Cutlery. 

50.  Instances  of  undervaluation  of  imported  goods. 

51.  Account  of  general  appraiser  system. 

52.  The  "surveyor"  of  ports. 

53.  Instances  of  very  small  annual  receipts  from  custom 
houses. 

54.  Instances  of  decisions  of  collectors  of  customs  over 
ruled  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

55.  Instances   of  large   profits  to   informers   of  custom 
house  irregularities. 

56.  Instances  of  bribery  of  custom-house  officials. 

57.  Annual  value  of  goods  admitted  free  of  duty  (1865- 
1900). 

58.  What  is  properly  understood"  by  "average  rate  of 
duty"? 

59.  Law  and  practice  of  ascertaining  the  value  of  goods 
for  assessment  of  duties. 

60.  An  account  of  the  "naval  officer"  of  the  New  York 
Custom-House. 

61.  Law  and  practice  of  ascertaining  cost  of  packages  for 
duties. 


528  LIBRARY   REPORTS  [§  295 

62.  Law  and  practice  of  drawbacks. 

63.  Law  and  practice  of  consular  verifications  of  invoices. 

64.  Law  and  practice  of  minimum  duties. 

65.  Ingenious  methods  of  smuggling. 

66.  Proceeds  annually  from  1867  to  1907  of  the  duties 
on:   (a)  Steel.  —  (6)  Lumber.  —  (c)  Sugar.  —  (d)  Wines.  — 
(e)  Books.  —  (/)  Jewelry.  —  (g)  Woolen  goods. 

(d)  PUBLIC  DEBTS. 

67.  Instances  of  sales  of  United  States  bonds  on  disad 
vantageous  terms. 

68.  Increase   (or  decrease)   of  total   State  debts  in  the 
United  States:  (a)  1789-1829.  —  (6)  1830-1860.  —  (c)  1861- 
1884.  —  (d)  1885-1907. 

69.  Repudiations  of  State  debts. 

70.  Usual  rate  of  interest  on  State  debts  (1789-1907). 

71.  Increase  (or  decrease)  of  total  municipal  debts  in  the 
United  States  from  1867  to  1907. 

72.  Limitations    on    State    debts    by    constitutions    or 
statutes. 

73.  Aggregate  of  State  and  municipal  indebtedness  (1867- 
1907). 

74.  The  city  debt  of:  (a)  New  York  City.  —  (6)  Boston. 
-  (c)    Philadelphia.  —  (d)    Memphis.  —  (e)    Detroit.  —  (/) 

Chicago. 

§  296.  Reports  on  Commercial  Functions  (Manual,  §  §  24, 
119,  120,  138,  143,  144,  161,  169,  170,  172,  179,  181,  188, 
189,  195,  225,  295). 

(a)  CORPORATIONS  AND  TRUSTS. 

1.  Charters  of  corporations  by  Congress  for  other  than 
national  purposes. 

2.  Instances  of  convictions   of  officers  of  trusts  under 
State  anti-trust  laws. 


§296]  GOVERNMENT  529 

3.  State  suits  against  the  Standard  Oil  Company  or  its 
subsidary  corporations  to  1907. 

4.  Instances  of  the  bankruptcy  of  trusts. 

5.  Reasons  for  taking  out  New  Jersey  charters  for  cor 
porations. 

6.  System  for  creating  corporations  by:   (a)  Massachu 
setts.  —  (6)  West  Virginia.  —  (c)  Texas.  —  (d)  Iowa. 

7.  Present  State  regulation  of  life  insurance  in:  (a)  New 
York. —  (6)  Colorado. —  (c)  Massachusetts. 

8.  Workings  of  United  States  anti-trust  legislation. 

(b)  INTERSTATE  COMMERCE. 

9.  Congressional  prohibitions  of  commerce  between  States. 

10.  Instances    of    regulation    by    the    United    States    of 
commerce  wholly  within  a  State. 

11.  Attempts  of  States  to  tax  (not  prohibit)  some   form 
of  interstate  commerce. 

12.  Transit  "in  bond"  across  United  States  territory. 

13.  Interstate  Commerce  Act  and  amendments  thereto 
(1887-1902). 

14.  Difficulties  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 

15.  A  typical  case  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com 
mission. 

16.  Amount  of  business  done  by  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission. 

17.  National  statutes  authorizing   the  bridging  of   navi 
gable  waters. 

18.  State  Commissions  with  powers  over  trusts. 

(c)  FOREIGN  COMMERCE. 

19.  National  health  and  quarantine  system. 

20.  Defects  of  the  State  regulation  of  quarantine. 

21.  Defects  of  the  State  regulation  of  pilotage. 

22.  Present  status  of  subsidies  to  American  steamers. 

23.  Acquirement  of  an  American   register  by  a  foreign 
built  vessel. 


530  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  296 

24.  Enrolment  of  fishermen. 

25.  Enrolment  of  yachts. 

26.  Cases  of  piracy  since  1865. 

27.  Quantity  of  American  shipping  engaged  in  the  for 
eign  trade  (1867-1907). 

28.  Administration  of  the  life-saving  service. 

29.  Administration  of  lighthouse  system. 

30.  Rates   of   ocean   freight    (1867-1907)    on:    (a)   grain 
exports.  —  (6)  kerosene.  —  (c)  raw  cotton.  —  (d)  flour. 

31.  System  of  negotiable  ware-house  certificates. 

(d)  IMMIGRATION  (see  Manual,  §  225). 

32.  Question  of  prohibiting  the  immigration  of  illiterates. 

33.  Instances  of  would-be  immigrants  excluded  as:    (a) 
Convicts.  —  (6)   Contract   laborers.  —  (c)   Anarchists.  —  (d) 
Consumptives. —  (e)   Likely  to  become   public   charges. — 
(/)  Insane. 

34.  How  far  do  immigrants  return  permanently  to  their 
own  country? 

35.  Control  by  the  United  States  of  the  conditions  of 
emigrant  ships. 

36.  State  restrictions  on  the  coming  in  of  persons  from 
other  States  or  Territories. 

37.  Immigration  across  the  Canadian  border. 

38.  Rates  of  steerage  passage  since  1860. 

39.  Methods  of  Japanese  immigration. 

40.  Actual  Chinese  immigration  since  1882. 

41.  Ill-treatment  of  high-class  Chinese  entering  American 
ports. 

(e)  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

42.  Instances  of  river  and  harbor  appropriations  in  lump 
to  be  expended  at  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

43.  Proportion   of   amounts   appropriated   by   river  and 
harbor  bills  actually  spent  by  the  War  Department. 


§  296]  GOVERNMENT  531 

44.  Effect   of  the   government   works   on  the:    (a)  Mis 
sissippi  River.  —  (6)   Missouri  River.  —  (c)   Ohio  River.  — 
(d)  Narrows  below  New  York.  —  (e)  Boston  Harbor.  —  (/) 
Delaware.  —  (g)  Monongahela. 

45.  Account  of  the  Sandy  Bay  harbor  of  refuge. 

46.  Instances  of  worthless  river  and  harbor  improvements. 

47.  Account  of  the  Oberlin  H.  Carter  frauds  in  harbor 
contracts. 

48.  The  Mussel  Shoals  river  improvement. 

49.  Total   Federal  expenditures  for  rivers  and  harbors 
since  1865. 

50.  Total  cost  of  the  New  York  State  canals. 

51.  Enlargement  of  the  Erie  Canal  (1890-1907). 

52.  Instances  of  abandoned  canals. 

53.  Private    river   improvements   on    the    Monongahela 
River. 

54.  Account  of  State  canals  in  one  of  the  following  States: 
(a)  Pennsylvania.  —  (6)  Ohio.  —  (c)  Indiana.  —  (d)  Illinois. 

-  (e)  Maryland. 

55.  Cost  of  the  Cumberland  Road  to  the  United  States. 

56.  Management  of  the  Cumberland  Road  by  Maryland 
.and  Pennsylvania. 

57.  Southern  system  of  toll-pikes. 

58.  State  aid  to  highways  in  one  of  the  following  States: 
(a)  Indiana.  —  (6)   Massachusetts.  —  (c)  New  Jersey.  —  (d) 
New  York.  —  (e)  Ohio. 

(f)  TRANSMISSION  OF  INTELLIGENCE. 

59.  Workings  of  the  money-order  system  by  the  post- 
office. 

60.  Seizures  of  lottery  mail. 

61.  Workings   of   the    post-office    at:    (a)  Boston.  —  (b) 
New  York.  —  (c)  Philadelphia.  —  (d)  Chicago. 

62.  Question  of  carrying  serials  in  the  mail. 

63.  Workings  of  the  dead-letter  office. 


532  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§296 

64.  History  of  the  franking  privilege. 

65.  Present  state  control  of  the  telegraph  system. 

66.  State  regulation  of  telephone  rates. 

67.  Failures  of  national  banks. 

(g)  BANKS  AND  CURRENCY. 

68.  Comparative  statistics  of  the  national  banks  in  1865, 
1875,  1885,  1895,  1905. 

69.  Amount  of  notes  not  likely  to  be  presented  for  re 
demption:    (a)    legal   tender.  —  (6)    fractional    currency. - 
(c)  national  bank. 

'  70.   An  account  of  the  "  trade-dollar.'7 

71.  Present  regulation  of  State  incorporated  banks  in  one 
of   the   following   States:   (a)  Indiana. —  (6)  New  York. - 

(c)  Louisiana. 

72.  Status  of  trust  companies  doing  a  banking  business. 

(h)  RAILROADS. 

73.  Instances  of  long  railroad  lines  held  on  lease  instead 
of  by  outright  ownership. 

74.  Instances  of  abandoning  railroads. 

75.  Practice  of  receivership  of  bankrupt  railroads. 

76.  Influence    in    State    politics    of:     (a)     Pennsylvania 
Railroad.  —  (6)  New  York  Central.  —  (c)  Southern  Pacific. 
—  (d)  Southern  Railway.  —  (e)  Illinois  Central. 

77.  State  regulation  of  railroads  in  one  of  the  following 
States:    (a)  California.  —  (6)  Ohio.  —  (c)   Massachusetts.— 

(d)  Georgia. 

78.  Instances  of  railroads  built  and  owned  by  States. 

79.  State  grants  of  money  to  railroads. 

80.  State  railroad  commissions. 

81.  Regulation  of  sleeping  cars  by  State  statutes. 

82.  "Granger"  legislation  and  decisions  on  railroad  rates. 

83.  Degree  of  regulation  of  railroad  rates  by  the  Inter 
state  Commerce  Commission. 


$  297]  GOVERNMENT  533 

84.  System  of  interchange  of  freight  cars  by  railroads. 

85.  Account  of  United  States  car-coupler  legislation  and 
its  results. 

86.  Two-cent  fare  movement. 

87.  Cases  arising  out  of  Jim  Crow  car  legislation. 

88.  Controversies    with    the    railroads    in    1907    by:    (a) 
Virginia.  —  (6)   North  Carolina.  —  (c)   Georgia.  —  (d)   Ala 
bama.  —  (e)  Illinois. 

(i)  PUBLIC  INDUSTRIES. 

89.  Sale  01  liquor  under  State  supervision. 

90.  Instances  of   manufacturing  other   than   gas,  water, 
and  electric  light  carried  on  by  municipalities. 

91.  Instances  of  street  railways  owned  by  municipalities. 

92.  Instances  of  State  lotteries. 

93.  Instances  of  State  mines. 

94.  The  United  States  as  a  publisher. 

95.  Instances  where  the  United  States  has  held  stock  in 
corporations. 

96.  Examples  of  real  estate  business  carried  on  by  cities. 

§  297.   Reports  on  Foreign  Relations  (Manual,  §§  21,  64, 121, 
122,  145,  163,  166,  175,  178,  183,  195,  196,  226). 

(a)  DIPLOMATIC  REPRESENTATION. 

1.  Instances  where  the  President  has  conducted  negotia 
tions  in  person. 

2.  Instances  of  unfit  foreign  ministers  of  the  United  States. 

3.  Censures  of  United  States  diplomatic  agents  without 
removals. 

4.  Instances  of  the  recall  of  American  ministers  abroad. 

5.  Instances  of  American  consuls  dismissed  from  office  for 
cause. 

6.  Instances  of  the  employment  of  others  than  Americans 
as  diplomats. 


534  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  297 

7.  Instances   of   American   diplomatic   negotiations   in 
trusted  to:  (a)  military  officers. —  (6)  naval  officers.  —  (c) 
foreigners. 

8.  Instances  of  the  withdrawal  of  ministers  to  the  United 
States  by  foreign  governments. 

9.  Instances  of  American  neutrality. 

10.  Instances  of  Americans  serving  as  ministers  of  foreign 
countries. 

(b)  CONSULS. 

11.  Instances  ol  unfit  consuls. 

12.  Instances  of  the  revocation  of  consular  exequaturs  by 
the  President. 

13.  Workings    of   American    consular    courts    in   foreign 
countries. 

14.  Description  of  the  system  of  consular  reports. 

15.  Amenities  of  the  consular  system. 

(c)  TREATIES. 

16.  Instances  of  consideration  of  treaties  by  the  Senate 
before  negotiation. 

17.  Instances  of  treaties  which  failed  because  the  Senate 
did  not  act  in  time. 

18.  Instances  of  treaties  withheld  from  the  Senate  by  the 
President. 

19.  Instances  of  amendments  to  treaties  by  the  Senate. 

20.  Instances  of  treaties  abrogated  by  the  United  States 
without  consent  of  the  other  party. 

21.  Instances  of  the  refusal  by  the  House  to  appropriate 
money  to  carry  out  a  treaty. 

§  298.  Reports  on  War  Powers  (Manual,  §§  159,  188). 
(a)  OFFICERS. 

1.   Appointment  of  military  and  naval  officers  from  civil 
life  since  1865. 


§  298]  GOVERNMENT  535 

2.  Successive  rates  of  pay  and  allowance  of:    (a)  army 
officers.  —  (6)  naval  officers. 

3.  Detail  of  army  and  navy  officers  to  be  military  attaches. 

4.  Principles  of  promotion  in:  (a)  The  army. —  (&)  The 
navy. 

5.  Instances  of  the  appointment  of  army  and  navy  officers 
to  civil  office  under  the  United  States. 

6.  Assignment  of  officers  by  political  favor:   (a)  Naval. 
—  (6)  Army. 

7.  Resignation   of:    (a)   Army  officers.  —  (6)   Naval   offi 
cers. 

8.  Instances  of  the  appointment  of  army  officers  as  mili 
tary  governors. 

9.  Removal  of  officers  of  the  army  or  navy  otherwise  than 
by  court  martial. 

10.  Authority  of  the  civil  courts  over  persons  in  military 
and  naval  service. 

11.  Retiring  system  for  the  army  and  navy  officers. 

(b)  MILITARY  EDUCATION. 

12.  Education  at  Annapolis  Naval  Academy. 

13.  West  Point  system  of  education. 

14.  The  Naval  War  College  at  Newport. 

15.  The  War  College  at  Washington. 

(c)      SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS. 

16.  Methods  of  recruiting  for  the  United  States  service: 
(a)  Army.  —  (6)  Navy. 

17.  Character  and  nationality  of  the  crews  in  the  navy. 

18.  Training  ships  for  the  navy. 

19.  The  military  prisons  of  the  United  States 

20.  Relations  of  volunteers  to  militia  service. 

21.  Account  of  the  naval  militia. 

22.  Desertions  from  the  United  States  army. 

23.  Humors  of  army  life. 


538  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§298 

(d)  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  ARMY. 

24.  Functions   of   the   Adjutant   General   of   the   United 
States. 

25.  Organization  of  the  staff  corps  in  the  United  States 
army. 

26.  Workings   of  system  of  details   of  army  officers  to 
instruct  in  colleges. 

27.  Assignments  to  shore-duty  in  the  navy. 

28.  Method  of  accounting  for  military  stores. 

29.  The  disposition  of  condemned  and  used-up  military 
and  naval  property  of  the  United  States. 

30.  Instance  of  denial  of  habeas  corpus  by  United  States 
military  officers. 

31.  Instances  of  vessels  of  the  navy  detailed  to  convey 
distinguished  persons. 

32.  Life  on  a  frontier  army  post. 

33.  A  cruise  in  a  naval  vessel  in  time  of  peace. 

(e)  CAPTURE  AND  PRIZE. 

34.  Status  of  the  United  States  as  regards  privateering. 

35.  Account   of    a   privateering  cruise    under   letters  of 
marque  from  the  United  States. 

36.  Administration  of  prize  courts  on  board  ship. 

(f)  PENSIONS. 

37.  An  analysis  of  pension  vetoes. 

38.  Instances  of  long-continued  pensions. 

39.  Instances  of  fraudulent  pensions. 

40.  Administration  of  Soldiers'  Homes. 

41.  Instances  of  undeserved  pensions. 

42.  Instances  of  remarkably  high  pensions. 

43.  Instances  of  pensions   granted   but  refused  by   the 
grantee. 


§  299]  GOVERNMENT  537 

§  299.   Reports  on  General  Welfare  (Manual,  §§  24,  123,  124, 
138,  161,  216,  228,  229). 

(a)  LABOR. 

1.  Attitude  of  courts  to  labor  legislation  in  one  of  the 
following    States:    (a)   California. —  (b)    Ohio.  —  (c)    Mass 
achusetts.  —  (d)    Pennsylvania.  —  (e)  Colorado.  —  (/)   Cali 
fornia. 

2.  State  regulation  of  hours  of  labor  in  one  of  the  fol 
lowing  States:    (a)   Massachusetts.  —  (6)  New  York. —  (c) 
Illinois.  —  (d)  Missouri.  —  (e)  California.  —  (/)  Idaho. 

3.  State  regulation  of  interference  with  laborers  by  other 
laborers. 

4.  State  regulation  of  accidents  to  laborers. 

5.  History  of  the  United  States  eight-hour  system. 

6.  State  boards  of  conciliation  or  arbitration  in  labor 
troubles. 

7.  Regulation  of  child  labor. 

8.  Regulation  of  overtime  labor. 

(b)  RELIGION. 

9.  Statistical  comparison  of  the  Catholic  and  Methodist 
Churches  in  the  United  States. 

10.  Appropriations  by  cities  for  sectarian  institutions. 

11.  Peculiar  religious  sects  in  the  United  States. 

12.  Instances  of  State-supported  churches  since  1800. 

13.  Legislation  of  Congress  against  the  Mormon  Church. 

14.  Religious  tests  for  State  office-holders  since  1789. 

15.  Chaplains  in  public  institutions. 

(c)  PUBLIC  HEALTH  AND  MORALS. 

16.  Inspection  of  cattle  for  tuberculosis. 

17.  Account  of  the  anti-lottery  legislation  of  Congress. 

18.  Administration  of  street  cleaning. 

19.  Legislation  on  street  noises. 


538  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§  299 

20.  Public  inspection  of  tenement  houses. 

21.  State  legislation  requiring  the  teaching  of  temperance. 

22.  Compulsory  vaccination. 

23.  Regulation  of  bakeries. 

24.  Difficulties  in  administering  the  federal  pure  food  law. 

25.  Limitations  on  the  sale  of  dangerous  drugs. 

(d)  CHARITIES  AND  CORRECTIONS. 

26.  Instances  of  Congressional  grants  for  charity. 

27.  Charitable  institutions  supported  by  the  United  States. 

28.  Local   management  of  the   poor  in  some   particular 
State  of  the  Union. 

29.  Proportion  of   persons  receiving  poor-relief  to  total 
populations  of  States. 

30.  Prison  population  of  the  Union. 

31.  The  Southern  convict  lease  system. 

32.  Methods  of  safeguarding  the  commitment  of  persons 
supposed  to  be  insane. 

(e)  EDUCATION. 

33.  The  Philippine  school  system. 

34.  United  States  aids  to  education  in  one  of  the  fol 
lowing    States:    (a)   Washington. —  (6)    Connecticut. —  (c) 
Florida.  —  (d)  Wisconsin.  —  (e}  Kansas. 

35.  How  far  does  the  United  States  expend  money  for 
education  except  in  West  Point,  Annapolis,  and  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia? 

36.  State  experiment  stations. 

37.  State  superintendents  of  education. 

38.  Cost  of  the  State  universities  in  the  Union  in  the  latest 
available  year. 

39.  Reforms  in  the  New  York  City  school  system. 

40.  Present   workings   of   school   administration   in:    (a) 
Chicago.  —  (b)  New  York.  —  (c)  New  Haven.  —  (d)  Indian 
apolis.  —  (e)  Cleveland. 


§  299]  GOVERNMENT  539 

41.  Annual    number  of   A.B.    and   S.B.   degrees  in  the 
United  States. 

42.  Money  grants  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachu 
setts  in  aid  of  Harvard' from  1636  to  1907. 

43.  Comparative  expenditure  of  Nebraska  and  Arkansas 
for  schools. 

44.  Church  schools  in  the  United  States. 

45.  The  power  of  the  State  over  education  in  cities  in 
one  of  the  following  States:   (a)  Massachusetts.  —  (6)  New 
York.  —  (c)    Illinois.  —  (d)    Minnesota.  —  (e)    California.  — 
(/)  Nebraska. 

46.  Special  permanent  State  taxes  for  schools  and  uni 
versities. 

47.  Total   high   schools   and   high   school   pupils   in   the 
United  States  (1877-1907). 

48.  State  traveling  schools  of  agriculture. 

49.  State  normal  schools. 

50.  State  teachers'  examinations. 

51.  State  supervision  of  rural  schools  in  one  of  the  follow 
ing  States:  (a)  Pennsylvania.  —  (6)  Connecticut.  —  (c)  Ohio. 

—  (d)  Alabama. 

52.  Workings  of  the  State  school  fund  in  one  of  the  fol 
lowing  States:  (a)  Connecticut.  —  (6)  Ohio.  —  (c)  Kentucky. 

—  (d)  Colorado.  —  (e)  Washington. 

53.  Total  annual  expenditure  for  education  by  the  forty- 
six  States  (1897-1907). 

(f)  ENFORCEMENT. 

54.  Instances  of  riots  quelled  solely  by  the  State  militia. 

55.  Instances  of  United  States  troops  sent  on  the  call  of 
a  State  to  preserve  order. 

56.  Instances  of  use  of  United  States  troops  to  quell  riots 
without  the  call  of  a  State. 

57.  Troops  used  as  a  "  posse  comitatus." 

58.  Use  of  United  States  troops  to  put  down  strikes. 


540  LIBRARY  REPORTS  [§299 

59.  The  "Bull  Pen"  in  Colorado. 

60.  Banishments  from  Colorado. 

61.  The  Moyer-Haywood  trials. 

(g)  GENERAL  WELFARE. 

62.  Aids  given  by  the  United  States  to  agriculture. 

63.  Workings  of  seed-distribution  by  the  United  States. 

64.  Municipal  provision  of  music  and  amusements  for  the 
people. 

65.  The  Gypsy  Moth  Commission  of  Massachusetts. 


PART  Y 
EXAMINATIONS 

§  300.   Purposes  of  Examinations. 

As  has  been  set  forth  above  (Manual,  §  9)  the  purpose 
of  examinations  is  not  to  secure  from  the  student  a  repro 
duction  of  the  substance  of  the  lectures  or  of  the  parallel 
readings,  but  to  test  his  ability  to  apply  what  he  has  gained 
from  both  sources  to  questions  involving  judgment  as  well 
as  memory.  The  examinations  should  be  so  framed  that 
a  student  who  had  taken  short-hand  notes  on  the  lectures 
and  learned  them  by  heart,  would  still  fall  short  unless  he 
could  combine  what  had  come  to  him  in  various  parts  of 
the  course.  Examinations  are,  therefore,  not  intended 
to  find  out  so  much  what  a  student  knows,  as  how  well  he 
knows  it,  and  how  far  he  can  make  use  of  it.  On  the  other 
hand,  knowledge  of  the  narrative,  especially  as  gained  out 
side  the  lectures,  is  necessary  for  an  understanding  of 
principles  ;  and  some  questions  ought,  therefore,  to  give  an 
opportunity  of  revealing  acquaintance  with  events  and 
personalities. 

§  301.  Specimen  Mid- Year  Paper  in  United  States  History, 
1789-1837  (Course  A). 

[Tms  EXAMINATION  TO  OCCUPY  TWO  HOURS.] 

Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to  write. 

GROUP  A. 

[All  required.] 

1.  To  what  authorities,  both  secondary  and  sources, 
would  you  go  to  learn  about  the  public  life  of  Henry  Clay? 


542  EXAMINATIONS  [§301 

GROUP  B. 

[Omit  one  of  the  five  questions.] 

2.  How  was  the  Federal  Constitution  received  by  the 
public  in  1787  and  1788  (do  not  include  State  Conventions)? 

3.  Mention  five  important  Acts  of  Congress  from  1789  to 
1837,  and  explain  why  each  was  passed. 

4.  Give  a  detailed  account  of  one  of  the  following  nego 
tiations:  — 

(a)  For  the  cession  of  Louisiana. 

(b)  For  the  Peace  of  Ghent. 

5.  The  influence  of  the  West  on  national  questions  from 
1815  to  1837. 

6.  The    contemporary    arguments    for    and    against    the 
Missouri  Compromise. 

§  302.   Specimen  Mid-Tear  Paper  (longer)  in  United  States 
History  1789-1837  (Course  A). 

[THIS  EXAMINATION  TO  OCCUPY  THREE  HOURS.] 
Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to  write,  and 
observe  carefully  the  following  directions. 

[Take  all  the  questions  in  Group  A;  take  four  questions  in  Group  B. 
Fold  maps  twice,  and  put  your  name  upon  the  face  of  each.] 

GROUP    A.       [To   TEST    KNOWLEDGE    OF    EVENTS.] 
[All  required.] 

1.  What  are  the  principal  authorities   (both  secondary 
and  sources)  on  the  Federal  Convention? 

2.  Briefly  sketch  the  organization  of  the  government  and 
its  internal  workings  from  1789  to  1793.     Mention  the  prin 
cipal  men  connected  with  it;  and  describe  the  various  organs 
of  government. 

3.  The  public  services  of  John  Adams:  bring  out  distinctly 
in  what  periods  and  in  what  controversies  he  deserved  well 
of  the  republic. 

4.  Describe  the  issues  involved  in  the  Missouri  Compro 
mise  debate,  and  show  how  each  one  was  adjusted. 


§  303]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  543 

5.  The  career  of  Andrew  Jackson  up  to  the  end  of  his  first 
administration  as  President. 

GROUP    B.      [TO    TEST    KNOWLEDGE    OF   PRINCIPLES.] 
[Choose  three.] 

6.  What  territory  was  added  to  the  United  States  between 
1789  and  1837?     Explain  the  process  in  each  case,  and  show 
on  the  outline  map  the  approximate  boundaries  of  each 
accession. 

7.  Give  an  account  of  one  of  the  following  Presidential 
elections:  — 

(a)  1800-1801. 
(6)   1828. 
(c)  1836. 

8.  May  Congress  constitutionally  take  over  and  operate 
all  the  railroads  in  the  country?     State  the  constitutional 
arguments  for  and    against    such  a  scheme,   referring    to 
clauses  in  the  text  of  the  Constitution;  and  illustrating,  so 
far  as  you  can,  from  the  actual  practice  of  Congress. 

9.    Trace  the  history  of  the  tariff  from  1825  to  1837. 
10.    What  were  the  principal  controversies  with  England 
between  1789  and  1837?     How  was  each  adjusted? 

§  303.  Specimen  Final  Paper  in  United  States  History, 
1837-1907  (Course  A). 

Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to  write,  and 
observe  carefully  the  following  directions. 

[Take  four  questions  in  Group  A;  take  all  the  questions  in  Group  B; 
having  answered  eight  questions,  you  are  encouraged  to  try  some  of 
the  optionals  in  Group  C.] 

GROUP   A.      [TO   TEST    PARALLEL   READING.] 
[Choose  two  out  of  questions  1-4;  and  two  out  of  questions  5-8.] 
1.    Draw  up  a  brief  set  of  suggestions  such  as  would,  in 
your  judgment,  be  helpful  to  a  person  unacquainted  with 


544  EXAMINATIONS  [§303 

American  history  who  wished  to  find  out  why  Po;k  was 
elected  President.  Discuss  materials  and  methods,  not 
events. 

2.  Give  some  account  of  the  public  career  of  one  of  the 
following  statesmen:  — 

(a)  John  Jay. 
(6)  John  Adams, 
(c)  James  Madison. 

3.  An  account  of  the  tariff  from  1846  to  1897. 

4.  The  principles  and  methods  of  the  abolition  movement. 

5.  An  argument  in  defence  of  one  of  the  following  legis 
lative  acts :  — 

(a)  Joint  resolution  for  the  annexation  of  Texas. 
(6)  Kansas-Nebraska  Act. 

(c)  Legal  Tender  Act. 

(d)  Interstate  Commerce  Act. 

6.  The  various  theories  of  reconstruction,  and  the  manner 
in  which  a  process  of  reconstruction  was  finally  selected. 

7.  The  Presidential  election  of  1876-1877. 

8.  The  policy  of  the  United  States  toward  Cuba  from 
1865  to  1899. 

GROUP    B.      [TO   TEST   THE    APPLICATION   OF    PRINCIPLES.] 
[All  required.] 

9.  Consider   carefully  the   following   hypothetical    state 
ment;  and  illustrate  your  answer  on  the  outline  map:  — 

(a)  Joseph  Jenkins  was  born  of  a  slave  mother  in  Boston 
in  1780. 

(6)  In  1786  he  was  taken  by  his  mother's  owner,  Alex 
ander  Ward,  to  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Erie. 

(c)  In  1801  he  was  taken  by  Ward  to  Jersey  City. 

(d)  In  1806  he  was  taken  to  Des  Moines  (now  in  Iowa). 

(e)  In  1822  he  was  sold  to  Thomas  Allen,  and  by  him 
taken  to  Galveston. 

(/)  In  1837  he  ran  away  to  Santa  F6. 


§303]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  545 

(g)  In  1849  he  went  to  San  Francisco. 
(h)  In  1853  he  went  to  Leaven  worth. 
(i)  In  1857  he  was  seized  as  a  fugitive  there  by  Allen, 
and  held  as  a  slave. 

(/)  In  1865  Allen  sold  him  to  a  planter  living  in  Kentucky. 
How  did  each  of  these  changes  of  residence  affect  his  status? 

10.  How  far  do  you  think  the  following  extract  (from 
Buchanan's  message  of  Dec.  3,  1860)  agrees  with  the  facts 
of  United  States  history? 

All  or  any  of  these  evils  might  have  been  endured  by  the  South 
without  danger  to  the  Union  (as  others  have  been),  in  the  hope 
that  time  and  reflection  might  apply  the  remedy.  The  immediate 
peril  arises,  not  so  much  from  these  causes,  as  from  the  fact  that 
the  incessant  and  violent  agitation  of  the  Slavery  question  through 
out  the  North  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  has  at  length  pro 
duced  its  malign  influence  on  the  slaves,  and  inspired  them  with 
vague  notions  of  freedom.  Hence,  a  sense  of  security  no  longer 
exists  around  the  family  altar.  This  feeling  of  peace  at  home  has 
given  place  to  apprehensions  of  servile  insurrection.  Many  a 
matron  throughout  the  South  retires  at  night  in  dread  of  what 
may  befall  herself  and  her  children  before  the  morning.  Should 
this  apprehension  of  domestic  danger,  whether  real  or  imaginary, 
extend  and  intensify  itself  until  it  shall  pervade  the  masses  of  the 
Southern  people,  then  disunion  will  become  inevitable.  Self- 
preservation  is  the  first  law  of  nature,  and  has  been  implanted  in 
the  heart  of  man  by  his  Creator  for  the  wisest  purpose;  and  no 
political  union,  however  fraught  with  blessings  and  benefits  in  all 
other  respects,  can  long  continue,  if  the  necessary  consequence 
be  to  render  the  homes  and  the  firesides  of  nearly  half  the  parties 
to  it  habitually  and  hopelessly  insecure.  Sooner  or  later,  the 
bonds  of  such  a  union  must  be  severed.  It  is  my  conviction  that 
this  fatal  period  has  not  yet  arrived;  and  my  prayer  to  God  is, 
that  He  would  preserve  the  Constitution  and  the  Union  through 
out  all  generations. 

11.  Supposing  Congress   to  have  established  a  Govern 
ment    Express    Office,   upon  what    constitutional    grounds 
could  the  following  details  be  sustained  or  attacked:  — 


546  EXAMINATIONS  [§303 

(a)  The  Office  to  have  the  monopoly  of  carrying  all 
packages  of  less  than  ten  pounds  in  weight. 

(6)  All  common  carriers  to  be  bound  to  carry  the  express 
matter  for  the  government  at  rates  fixed  by  Congress. 

12.  Ought  all  Federal  Officials  to  be  placed  under  the 
classified  Civil  Service? 

GROUP  C. 
[All  optional.] 

[Not  accepted  for  deficiencies  in  previous  questions;  intended  only 
for  students  who  have  already  satisfactorily  answered  eight  questions.] 

13.  L'Amistad  Case. 

14.  A  defence  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas. 

15.  Reasons  for  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  of  1862. 

16.  Repeal  of  the  Silver  Purchase  Act. 

§  304.  Specimen  Paper  in  Brief  United  States  History  (Course 
B). 

[TWO    HOURS    WILL    BE    ALLOWED.] 

GROUP  A. 

[All  required.] 

1.  Mention   and   characterize   the   books   of   which   you 
have  made  most  use  during  this  course. 

2.  On  the  outline  map  delineate,  and  in  your  book  ex 
plain,  the  boundaries  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase,  and  the 
controversies  resulting  from  it. 

GROUP  B. 

[Take  three  questions  only.] 

3.  What  do  you  consider  to  have  been  the  real  causes  of 
of  the  Revolution? 

4.  What  kind  of  a  man  was  Thomas  Jefferson  and  what 
were  his  principal  public  services? 

5.  What  were  the  chief  results  of  the  War  of  1812? 

6.  Ought  the  United  States  Bank  to  have  been  rechar- 
tered  in  1832? 


§305]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  547 

GROUP  C.     TAKE  THREE  QUESTIONS  ONLY. 

7.  Was  slavery  a  good  thing  for  the  slave  owners? 

8.  Why  did  all  plans  of  compromise  fail  in  1861? 

9.  An  account  of  one  of  the  following  episodes:  - 

(a)  The  disputed  election  of  1877. 
(6)  The  Venezuela  controversy  of  1895. 
(c)   The  outbreak  of  the  Spanish  War  in  1898. 
10.   The  free  silver  controversy  from  1878  to  1900. 

§  305.    Specimen   Mid- Year   Paper  in   American   Diplomatic 
History,  1492-1829  (Course  C). 

GROUP  A. 

[Omit  one  question.] 

1.  Upon  what  principles  or  theories  of  international  law 
did  European  nations  base  a  right  to  establish  colonies  in 
America? 

2.  Describe  and  illustrate  on  the  outline  map  the  growth 
of  British  territory  in  America,  as  sanctioned  by  the  great 
treaties  between  1697  and  1763. 

3.  Compare  the  Spanish  and  English  systems  of  restric 
tion  of  colonial  trade. 

4.  Give  an  account  of  the  negotiations  of  the  Treaty  of 
Paris,  up  to  the  signing  of  the  preliminary  articles  in  1782. 

5.  Describe  the  negotiations  for  commercial  treaties  from 
1779  to  1795.     What  advantages  did  the  United  States  seek 
in   these   treaties,    and   what   concessions   was   the   United 
States  willing  to  make? 

GROUP  B. 
[Omit  one  question.] 

6.  Describe  the  aggressions  on  American  commerce  from 
1793  to  1803.     What  remedies  did  our  government  seek? 

7.  Give  an  account  of  the  negotiations  for  the  peace  of 
Ghent. 


548  EXAMINATIONS  [§305 

8.  Give  an  account  of  the  Oregon  question  from  1792  to 
1827. 

9.  Sketch  the  relations  of  the  United  States  with  the 
Latin- American  States  from  1815  to   1823   (not  including 
the  Monroe  Doctrine). 

10.  Select  some  one  American  diplomat  and  sketch  his 
career  and  diplomatic  services  to  his  country. 

§  306.    Specimen  Final  Paper  in  Diplomatic  History,  1823- 
1907  (Course  C). 

[Use  the  outline  maps  freely  in  illustration  of  territorial  questions. 
Divide  your  time  about  equally  between  the  two  groups.] 

GROUP  A. 

[Take  four  questions.] 

1.  In  what  utterances  of  public  men,  made  before  1826,  is 
stated  the  doctrine  of  non-interference  in  European  affairs? 
What  deviations  from  that  doctrine  can  you  mention  since 
1826?     How  far  is  it  a  permanent  doctrine? 

2.  Briefly  analyze  and  describe  Jackson's  foreign  policy. 
How  far  does  it  seem  to  you  to  have  been  for  the  best  inter 
ests  of  the  nation? 

3.  What  principles  regulating  international  relations  were 
established  or  strengthened  by  the  American  Civil  War  and 
the    diplomacy   resulting   therefrom?     What    principles,    if 
any,  were  weakened? 

4.  What  have  been  the  principal  controversies  over  the 
construction  of  the  Clayton-Bulwer  treaty,  and  how  does 
each  of  these  controversies  stand  at  this  time? 

5.  What  American  diplomat  since  1829  seems  to  you  to 
have  been  the  greatest,   and   what  were  the  services  for 
which  you  think  him  admirable? 


§307]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  549 

GROUP  B. 
[Take  four  questions.] 

6.  Enumerate  the  public  announcements  of  foreign  policy, 
by  American  diplomats  since  1847,  to  which  they  gave  the 
name •"  Monroe  Doctrine/7  or  in  which  they  appealed  to  the 
" Monroe  Doctrine"  as  justifying  their  policy. 

7.  Give  an  account  of  one  of  the  following  negotiations: 

(a)  French  spoliation  claims. 
(6)  Oregon  treaty  of  1846. 

(c)  Treaty  of  Washington  of  1871. 

(d)  Treaty  of  Peace  of  1898. 

8.  The  policy  of  commercial  reciprocity  since  the  Civil 
War. 

9.  What  would  be  a  reasonable  permanent  settlement  of 
the  controversy  over  the  Canadian  fisheries? 

10.  Was  the  United  States  responsible  for  the  overthrow 
of  monarchy  in  Hawaii? 

11.  The  Cuban  diplomacy  of  the  United  States  from  1879 
to  1895. 

12.  Give  an  account  of  one  of  the  following  diplomatic 
episodes :  — 

(a)  McLeod  affair. 

(6)  The  Confederate  rams. 

(c)  Itata  case. 

(d)  Why  the  French  left  Mexico. 

(e)  Fur  seal  arbitration. 

§  307.    Specimen  Final  Paper  in  Brief  Diplomatic  History, 
1492-1907  (Course  D). 

[TWO    HOURS    WILL    BE    ALLOWED.] 

GROUP  A. 
[All  required.] 

1.   What  are  the  most  serviceable  general  books  in  Amer 
ican  diplomacy?  characterize  them? 


550  EXAMINATIONS  [§  307 

2.  Describe  the  organization  of  the  diplomatic  service, 
from  the  President  down.     What  are  the  principal  duties 
of  each  class  of  officials? 

GROUP  B. 
[Take  three  questions  only.] 

3.  Had  England  good  title  to  any  part  of  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi  previous  to  1756? 

4.  Was  the  Jay  treaty  advantageous  to  the  United  States? 

5.  Give  a  brief  account  of  one  of  the  following  episodes. 

(a)  The  Leopard-Chesapeake  affair. 

(6)  Mediation  by  Russia. 

(c)  Invasions  of  East  Florida. 

6.  What  are  the  main  principles  stated  in  the  Monroe 
Doctrine  as  first  presented? 

GROUP  C. 

[Take  three  questions  only.] 

7.  Diplomatic  relations  with  Mexico  from  1825  to  1845. 

8.  What  were  the  principal  Confederate  cruisers  in  the 
Civil  War;  and  what  were  their  relations  with  foreign  gov 
ernments? 

9.  What  have  been  the  principal  treaties  relating  to  an 
Isthmian  Canal,  between  1840  and  1907? 

10.  An  account  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  Spain  after 

the  war  of  1898. 

t 

§  308.  Specimen  Mid- Year  Paper  in  American  Government 
(Course  E). 

[THREE  HOURS  WILL  BE  ALLOWED.] 

Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to  write,  and  observe 
carefully  the  following  directions. 

[Take  all  the  questions  in  Group  A;  take  four  questions  in  Group  B; 
having  answered  nine  questions,  you  are  encouraged  to  try  some  of  the 
optionals  in  Group  C.  Arrange  your  answers  in  the  order  of  the  ques 
tions.  Number  the  answers  plainly  with  Arabic  numerals.  Students 
may  use  the  text  of  the  Constitution  and  the  outline  map  of  the  United 
States.] 


§308]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  551 

GROUP    A.       [TO   TEST    THE    KNOWLEDGE    OF    PRINCIPLES.] 
[All  required.] 

1.  Criticise  James  Bryce's  treatment  of  American  govern 
ment;   showing   any   reason   for  approving  his   book;   and 
pointing  out  any  defects  in  it. 

2,  3.     What  would  be  the  probable  effects  on  American 
government  of  introducing  the  following  reforms  into  the 
electoral  system? 

(a)  Prohibiting  the  holding  of  local,  State,  and  national 
elections  on  the  same  days. 

(b)  Allowing  only  native-born  Americans  to  vote. 

(c)  Disqualifying  persons  who  have  not  voted  in  any  of 
the  two  previous  elections  (with  reasonable  exceptions  for 
illness,  necessary  absence,  etc.). 

(d)  Compelling  each  district  to  choose  as  its  representa 
tives  to  local  assemblies,  State  legislatures,  and  Congress, 
persons  not  residents  of  the  district. 

4.  Would  it  be  an  improvement  to  permit  the  passage  of 
measures  over  the  vetoes  of  Governors  and  Presidents,  by  a 
simple  majority  vote  of  both  Houses? 

5.  Can  you  suggest  any  means  of  applying  the  general 
principles  of  the  Civil  Service  Reform  Act  to  postmasters 
of  the  better  paid  grades? 

GROUP    B.       [TO    TEST    INDEPENDENT    READING.] 
[Choose  four  questions.] 

6.  Usual  methods  of  nominating  candidates  in  the  United 
States. 

7.  The   present   condition  of  town  government  in   New 
England. 

8.  Possible  improvements  in  city  government. 

9.  Filibustering  in  Congress,  and  possible  remedies  for  it. 
10.   The  character  of  Senators.     Would  it  be  improved  by 

electing  Senators  by  popular  vote? 


552  EXAMINATIONS  [§308 

11.  The  internal  organization  of  the  executive  depart 
ments  at  Washington. 

GROUP  C. 

[All  optional.] 

[Not  to  be  substituted  for  any  previous  questions.  Intended  for 
students  who  have  satisfactorily  answered  nine  questions.] 

12.  The  Colonial  Governor. 

13.  An  account  of  the  present  government  of  some  large 
city  in  the  United  States. 

14.  The  place,  duties,  and  dignity  of  the  Secretary  of 
State. 

§  309.  Specimen  Final  Paper  in  American  Government 
(Course  E). 

[THREE  HOURS  WILL  BE  ALLOWED.] 

Read  the  paper  through  before  beginning  to  write,  and  observe 
carefully  the  following  directions. 

[Take  four  questions  in  Group  A;  take  four  questions  in  Group  B. 
Students  may  use  the  text  of  the  Constitution  and  the  outline  map  of  the 
United  States.] 

GROUP  A. 
[Take  four  questions.] 

1.  How  far  is  the  principle  of  natural  rights  actually 
observed  in  American  governments? 

2.  Compare  the  powers  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States  in  time  of  peace,  with  the  powers  of  the  President  in 
time  of  war. 

3.  How  far  would  it  be  desirable  to  transfer  from  the 
State  governments  to  the  national  government  the  follow 
ing  functions :  — 

(a)  The  regulation  of  marriage  and  divorce. 
(6)  The  punishment  of  crime. 

(c)  The  regulation  of  all  forms  of  transportation  by 
common  carrier. 


§309]  SPECIMEN  QUESTIONS  553 

4.  Discuss  each  of  the  following  suggestions  with  regard 
to  municipal  debts,  and  point  out  how  far  each  would  or 
would  not  be  an  improvement  on  present  conditions :  — 

(a)  The  submission  of  all  propositions  to  create  a 
local  debt  to  a  vote  of  the  taxpayers. 

(6)  The  requirement  that  no  municipal  bonds  shall 
be  valid  unless  the  State  legislature  votes  that 
the  State  will  guarantee  them. 

(c)  Debts    to    be    incurred    only    by   a    Board    of 
Finance,  made  up  of  the  Mayor  and  the  heads 
of  the  four  most  important  city  departments. 

(d)  The  division  of  large  cities  into  debt  districts, 
each  to  borrow  for  its  own  purposes. 

5.  Enumerate  the  different  kinds  of  territory  over  which 
the  United  States  exercises  jurisdiction?     Under  which  of 
these  categories  would  a  Chinese  port  be  most  appropriately 
placed  if  it  should  be  ceded  to  the  United  States? 

GROUP    B.       [To    TEST    INDEPENDENT    READING.] 
[Take  four  questions.] 

6.  How  does  the  system  of  elective  judiciary  work  in 
practice? 

7.  Discuss  possible  remedies  for  the  present  situation  of 
the  Indians. 

8.  Discuss  one  of  the  following  financial  subjects:  — 

(a)  The  income  tax  in  the  United  States. 
(6)  Evils  in  the  administration  of  the  tariff, 
(c)   The  national  banks. 

9.  An  account  of  a  nominating  convention. 

10.  State  universities:  how  founded,  supported,  and  con 
trolled? 

11.  How  far  has  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
performed  the  service  for  which  it  was  created? 

12.  What  have  been  the  main  contributions  of  America 
to  the  science  of  actual  government? 


554  EXAMINATIONS  [§309 

13.   How  can  local  government  in  the  United  States  be 
re-established  in  public  confidence? 

§  310.  Specimen  Paper  in  Brief  American  Government  (Course 
F). 

[TWO    HOURS    WILL   BE    ALLOWED.] 

GROUP  A. 

[All  required.] 

1.  What  are  the  most  available  authorities  on  the  gov 
ernment  of  the  Commonwealths?     Characterize  them. 

2.  What  reforms  would  you  suggest  in:  — 

(a)  Representation. 

(6)  The  suffrage. 

(c)  The  method  of  elections? 

GROUP  B. 
[Take  three  questions  only.] 

3.  Is  the  American  theory  of  separation  of  powers    a 
good  thing? 

4.  What    are    the    principal    defects    of    American    city 
government? 

5.  Through  what  process  does  a  bill  pass  in  order  to  be 
enacted  as  a  law  by  Congress? 

6.  Ought  the  members  of  the  Cabinet  to  have  seats  in 
Congress? 

GROUP  C. 
[Take  three  questions  only.] 

7.  How  far  can  the  Federal  government  interfere  in  the 
internal  affairs  of  an  organized  territory? 

8.  What  are  the  sources  of  Federal  revenue? 

9.  Ought   the   United    States  to   construct  a  big  water 
way  from  the  Lakes  to  the  Mississippi  River? 

10.  Who   decides   what   shall   be   taught   in   the   public 
schools?  4 


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